Google_中英文版

Google Inc.is an American multinational corporation that provides Internet-related products and services, including internet search, cloud computing, software and advertising technologies. Advertising revenues from AdWords generate almost all of the company's profits.
The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while both attended Stanford University. Together, Brin and Page own about 16 percent of the company's stake. Google was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998, and its initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. The company's mission statement from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful" and the company's unofficial slogan is "Don't be
evil".In 2006, the company moved to its headquarters in Mountain View, California.
半年启用。

2004年8月19日，Google公司的股票在纳斯达克上市,创始之初，Google 官方的公司使命为“集成全球范围的信息，使人人皆可访问并从中受益”（to organize the world's information and make it
Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond the company's core web search engine. The company offers online productivity software including email, an
office suite, and social networking. Google's products extend to the desktop as well, with applications for web browsing, organizing and editing photos, and instant messaging. Google leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, as well as the Google Chrome OS browser-only operating system, found on specialized netbooks called Chromebooks. Google has increasingly become a hardware company with its partnerships with major electronics manufacturers on its high-end Nexus series of devices and its acquisition of Motorola Mobility in May 2012, as well as the construction of fiber-optic infrastructure in Kansas City as part of the Google Fiber broadband Internet service project.
Google自创立开始的快速成长同时也带动了一系列的产品研发、并购事项与合作关系，而不仅仅是公司核心的网络搜索业务。

Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.[25]
While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.[26] They called this new technology PageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the
number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site. 1996年1月，身为加州斯坦福大学理学博士生的拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布卢姆在学校开始一项关于搜索的研究项目。

[30]区别于传统的搜索靠搜索字眼在页面中出现次数来进行结果排序的方法，两人开发了一个对网站之间的关系做精确分析的搜寻引擎。

[31]这个名为PageRank的引擎通过检查网页中的反向链接以评估站点的重要性，此引擎的精确度胜于当时的基本搜索技术
Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.
Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol",[36][37]the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine wants to provide large quantities of information for people.[38] Originally, Google ran under the Stanford
University website, with the domains and .[39][40] The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,[41]and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friend's (Susan Wojcicki[25]) garage in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee
最初，佩奇和布卢姆将这个搜索引擎命名为…BackRub‟，直到后来改为…Google‟。

[34][35][36]这个新名字来源于一个数学大数googol（数字1后有100个0，即自然数10100）单词错误的拼写方式，[37][38]象征着为人们提供搜索海量优质信息的决心。

[39]Google搜索引擎在斯坦福大学的网站上启用，域名为。

[40]
1997年9月15日，两人注册了Google域名。

[41]一年后，1998年9月4日，佩奇和布卢姆在加州门洛帕克一位朋友家的车库内创建了Google公司，克雷格·西尔弗斯坦（Craig Silverstein）——同为斯坦福大学的博士生
——是公司的首位雇员。

Financing and initial public offering
Google's first production server. Google's production servers continue to be built with inexpensive hardware.[46]
The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of US$100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was even incorporated.[47]Early in 1999, while still graduate students, Brin and Page decided that the search engine they had developed was taking up too much of their time from academic pursuits. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million. He rejected the offer, and later criticized Vinod Khosla, one of Excite's venture capitalists, after he had negotiated Brin and Page down to $750,000. On June 7, 1999, a $25 million round of funding was announced,[48]with major investors including
the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital.[47] Google's initial public offering(IPO) took place five years later on August 19, 2004. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024.[49] The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[50][51]Shares were sold in a unique online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal.[52][53]The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion.[54] The vast majority of the 271 million shares remained under the control of Google, and many Google employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited because it owned 8.4 million shares of Google before the IPO took place Google的第一台产品服务器，用廉价的硬件建造而成[44]
佩奇和布卢姆在Google项目上最早获得投资是在1998年8月，Sun Microsystems的联合创始人安迪·贝托尔斯海姆给了两人一张十万美金的支票来用于搜索引擎的开发和运营，当时Google公司还尚未成立。

[45]到1999年，由于搜索引擎的开发花费了太多的学习时间，佩奇和布卢姆甚至考虑将其出售。

两人找到Excite（英语：Excite）公司CEO乔治·贝尔（George Bell）提出一百万美元的收购价。

尽管Excite的风险投资人维诺德·科斯拉在与Google的两位创始人谈判后将价格降低到75万美元，但仍被贝尔拒绝了。

1999年6月7日，包括Kleiner Perkins公司（英语：Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers）和红杉资本在内的投资者为Google注资两千五百万美元。

[45][46]
Google直到2004年8月19日才进行首次公开募股，公司发行了19,605,052份每股价值85美元的股票。

[47][48]股票由摩根士丹利和瑞士信贷集团承销，以网上拍卖的形式发
控制着27182万（2.718281828和数学常数e 有关）股票中的大多数股份，许多Google 公司的雇员也在瞬间变成百万富翁。

而作为竞争对手的雅虎，也因为在Google上市前持有840万股票而受益。

Some people speculated that Google's IPO would inevitably lead to changes in company culture. Reasons ranged from shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions to the fact that many company executives would become instant paper millionaires.[56]As a reply to this concern, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised in a report to potential investors that the IPO would not change the company's culture.[57]In 2005, however, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.[58][59][60]In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google designated a Chief Culture Officer, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources.
The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on: a flat organization with a collaborative environment.[61]Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.[62][63]
The stock's performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007,[64]primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.[65] The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds.[65] The company is now listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG and under the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1.
一些人怀疑Google公司的企业文化在上市后，会由于董事会施压或高管们的暴富而不可避免地被改变。

[53]两位创始人拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布卢姆则在一份报告中承诺，上市
不会影响Google的公司文化，以作为对潜在投资者们的怀疑所做的回应。

[54]2005年，纽约时报等媒体撰文指出Google已经丧失了原来不作恶的哲学。

[55][56][57]在此之下，为了保持与众不同的企业文化，Google专门指派了一位首席文化官，来为Google构建和维护企业内部广泛协助的扁平化组织，及其所产生的核心价值。

[58]Google也面临前员工性别歧视和年龄歧视的指控。

[59][60]
首次公开募股之后，Google的股票形势良好，2007年10月31日，受益于在网络广告市场的强势盈利，[61]股价首次超过700美元。

[62]相比较大型机构投资和共同基金，Google股票的股价的变动更多地是由个人投资者们所影响。

[61]目前，Google的股票在纽约纳斯达克证券交易所和法兰克福特证券交易所内进行交易（股票代号分别为NASDAQ：GOOG、FWB：GGQ1）。

Growth
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California, home to several other
noted Silicon Valley technology startups.[66] The next year, against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine,[67]Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords.[25]In order to maintain an uncluttered page design and increase speed, advertisements were solely text-based. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bids and click-throughs, with bidding starting at five cents per click.[25]This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by , an Idealab spin-off created by Bill Gross.[68][69]When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. Overture Services would later be bought by Yahoo! and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing. The case was then settled out of court, with Google agreeing to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a
perpetual license.[70]
During this time, Google was granted a patent describing its PageRank mechanism.[71]The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor. In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office complex from Silicon Graphics at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.[72] The complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. The Googleplex interiors were designed by Clive Wilkinson Architects. Three years later, Google would buy the property from SG
or $319 million.[73]By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "google" to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as "to use the Google search engine to
obtain information on the Internet.
成长
1999年3月，Google公司将的办公场所搬至加州的帕罗奥多，这里是众多知名的硅谷初创公司所在的地方。

[63]翌年，Google开始以出售搜索关键词的广告，[30]但这一做法与佩奇和布卢姆以广告赞助搜索的意愿相违背。

[64]为了保持页面简洁的设计，提高搜索速度，广告只会以基于文本的形式出现。

关键词的出售结合点击次数和价格的竞标，竞标起价为每次点击5美分。

[30]这种出售广告关键词的模式最早来源于——一个由比尔·葛罗斯的Idealab （英语：Idealab）企业孵化器派生的网站。

[65][66]之后Google受到了这家改名为Overture Services的公司对于次广告出售专利技术侵权的指控。

2003年，Overture Services被雅虎收购，并被改名为雅虎搜索营销。

最终，雅虎与Google在庭外达成和解：Google用普通股股份换取此专利的永久授权。

[67]
2001年，Google获得了PageRank的专利权，[68]这项专利被正式颁与斯坦福大学，劳伦斯·佩奇（即拉里·佩奇）为专利发明人。

2003年，在发展了两处办公地点以后，公司又向硅谷图形公司租赁了位于芒廷维尤目前所在的综合办公楼。

[69]这处办公地点被戏称为…Googleplex‟，数学大数古戈尔普勒克斯（googolplex）单词的变体。

三年后，Google 以三亿一千九百万的价额向硅谷图形公司买下了这里的产权。

[70]在这段时间内，google这个单词逐渐进入各类语言当中，也使得…google‟作为动词被收入至梅里亚姆-韦珀斯特词典和牛津英语词典内，释义为“使用Google搜索引擎在互联网上获取信息”（to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet）。

[71][72]
2011年5月，Google的月独立访客数量首次超过十亿，与一年前同期的9亿3100万相比增长8.4%。

[73] Google也是首个取得该数据里程碑的网站
Acquisitions and partnerships
Since 2001, Google has acquired many companies, mainly focusing on small venture capital companies. In 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, Inc.[76]The start-up company developed a product called Earth Viewer that gave a three-dimensional view of the Earth. Google renamed the service to Google Earth in 2005. Two years later, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock.[77]On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, giving Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.[78]Later that same year, Google purchased GrandCentral for $50 million.[79]The site would later be changed over to Google V oice. On August 5, 2009, Google bought out its first public company, purchasing video software maker On2 Technologies for $106.5 million.[80]Google also acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million, and
commented on its internal blog, "we're looking forward to collaborating to see where we can take it".[81] In April 2010, Google announced it had acquired a hardware startup, Agnilux.[82]
In addition to the many companies Google has purchased, the company has partnered with other organizations for everything from research to advertising. In 2005, Google partnered with NASA Ames Research Center to build 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of offices.[83]The offices would be used for research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. Google entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October 2005 to help share and distribute each other's technologies.[84]The company also partnered with AOL of Time Warner,[85] to enhance each other's video search services. Google's 2005 partnerships also included financing the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile
devices, along with other companies including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson.[86]Google would later launch "AdSense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.[87]Increasing its advertising reach even further, Google and Fox Interactive Media of News Corporation entered into a $900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on (at the time) popular social networking site MySpace.[88]
In October 2006, Google announced that it had acquired the video-sharing site YouTube for US$1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006.[89] Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing.[90]In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 YouTube revenue at US$200 million, noting progress in advertising sales.[91]In 2007, Google began sponsoring NORAD Tracks
Santa, a service that follows Santa Claus' progress on Christmas Eve,[92]using Google Earth to "track Santa" in 3-D for the first time,[93]and displacing former sponsor AOL. Google-owned YouTube gave NORAD Tracks Santa its own channel.[94]
In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on September 6, 2008.[95]Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazine's photographs as part of its latest partnership. Some of the images in the archive were never published in the magazine.[96]The photos were watermarked and originally had copyright notices posted on all photos, regardless of public domain status.[97]
In 2010, Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable energy project,
putting $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, or enough to supply 55,000 homes. The farms, which were developed by NextEra Energy Resources, will reduce fossil fuel use in the region and return profits. NextEra Energy Resources sold Google a twenty percent stake in the project to get funding for its development.[98]Also in 2010, Google purchased Global IP Solutions, a Norway-based company that provides web-based teleconferencing and other related services. This acquisition will enable Google to add telephone-style services to its list of products.[99]On May 27, 2010, Google announced it had also closed the acquisition of the mobile ad network AdMob. This purchase occurred days after the Federal Trade Commission closed its investigation into the purchase.[100]Google acquired the company for an undisclosed amount.[101]In July 2010,
Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of energy for 20 years.[102]
On April 4, 2011, The Globe and Mail reported that Google bid $900 million for six thousand Nortel Networks patents.[103]
On August 15, 2011, Google made its largest-ever acquisition to-date when announced that it would acquire Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion[104][105]subject to approval from regulators in the United States and Europe. In a post on Google's blog, Google Chief Executive and co-founder Larry Page revealed that Google's acquisition of Motorola Mobility is a strategic move to strengthen Google's patent portfolio. The company's Android operating system has come under fire in an industry-wide patent battle, as Apple and Microsoft have taken to court Android device makers such as HTC, Samsung and Motorola.[106]The merger was completed on the May 22, 2012, after the
approval of People's Republic of China.[107] This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorola's considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies to help protect it in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies,[108]mainly Apple and Microsoft[106]and to allow it to continue to freely offer Android.[109]After the acquisition closed, Google began to restructure the Motorola business to fit Google's strategy. On August 13, 2012, Google announced plans to layoff 4000 Motorola Mobility employees. [110] On December 10, 2012, Google sold the manufacturing operations of Motorola Mobility to Flextronics for $75 million.[111] As a part of the agreement, Flextronics will manufacture undisclosed Android and other mobile devices [112]On December 19, 2012, Google sold the Motorola Home business division of Motorola Mobility to Arris Group for $2.35 billion in a cash-and-stock transaction. As a part of this deal, Google
acquired a 15.7% stake in Arris Group valued at $300Million.[113]
On June 5, 2012, Google announced it acquired Quickoffice, a company widely known for their mobile productivity suite for both iOS and Android. Google plans to integrate Quickoffice's technology into its own product suite.[114]
On February 6, 2013, Google announced it has acquired Channel Intelligence for $125 million. Channel Intelligence, a technology company that helps customers buy products online, is active globally in 31 different countries and works with over 850 retailers. Google will use this technology to enhance it's ecommerce business.
自2001年始，Google已收购了许多企业，其中尤以小型风投公司为主。

2004年7月13日，Google收购照片整理与编辑软件Picasa，[75]同年10月又吞并了Keyhole公司（英语：Keyhole, Inc）。

[76]这家初创公司开发出一个名为Earth Viewer的产品，供用户以3D的视
等十余家美国和欧洲的企业或团队招致麾下。

2011年8月15日，Google官方宣布将以每股40美元现金，总额约125亿美元收购摩托罗拉移动。

[87]
除了收购的方式以外，Google也积极地与其
Products and services Advertising
In 2011, 96% of Google's revenue was derived from its advertising programs.[118] For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.[119] Google has implemented various innovations in the online advertising market that helped make it one of the biggest brokers in the market. Using technology from the company DoubleClick, Google can determine user interests and target advertisements so they are relevant to their context and the user that is viewing them.[120][121]Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining
click rates for all the links on a page.[122] Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Google's AdWords allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website, and earn money every time ads are clicked.[123]
One of the disadvantages and criticisms of this program is Google's inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script "clicks" on advertisements without being interested in the product, which causes that advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid.[124]Furthermore, there has been controversy over Google's "search within a search", where a secondary
search box enables the user to find what they are looking for within a particular website. It was soon reported that when performing a search within a search for a specific company, advertisements from competing and rival companies often showed up along with those results, drawing users away from the site they were originally searching.[125]
Another complaint against Google's advertising is its censorship of advertisers, though many cases concern compliance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. For example, in February 2003, Google stopped showing the advertisements of Oceana, a non-profit organization protesting a major cruise ship's sewage treatment practices. Google cited its editorial policy at the time, stating "Google does not accept advertising if the ad or site advocates against other individuals, groups, or organizations."[126] The policy was later changed.[127]In June 2008, Google reached an advertising agreement with
Yahoo!, which would have allowed Yahoo! to feature Google advertisements on its web pages. The alliance between the two companies was never completely realized due to antitrust concerns by the U.S. Department of Justice. As a result, Google pulled out of the deal in November 2008.[128][129]
In an attempt to advertise its own products, Google launched a website called Demo Slam, developed to demonstrate technology demos of Google Products.[130] Each week, two teams compete at putting Google's technology into new contexts. Search Engine Journal said Demo Slam is "a place where creative and tech-savvy people can create videos to help the rest of the world understand all the newest and greatest technology out there.
AdWords广告
Google九成以上的营收来自其广告系统。

[94]如2006年财政年度，公司财报显示104.92亿美元的收入中只有1.12亿来自于非广告收入。

[95]为了保持在网络广告代理市场中执
牛耳的地位，Google不断实施各种新的手段。

例如Google在收购DoubleClick后获取技术，得以获取用户兴趣和确定广告目标。

[96][97]Google Analytics可以让网站站长们查看并追踪访问者在何时，以何种方式访问自己的网站，如检查某一页面上所有链接的点击等。

[98]Google的广告系统由两个部分组成，通过第三方网站来放置。

AdWords为广告客户提供在网络中展示广告的服务，按点击或显示收费；AdWords的姊妹项目AdSense，允许网站站长在自己的网页中提供广告展示的位置，并参与分成。

[99]
但Google也由于在网络广告系统中反点击欺诈（英语：Click fraud）管理的无力而饱受诟病——当一个并不是出于对广告中产品感兴趣的访客或一个自动脚本故意点击该则广告后，会引起广告客户过多支付广告费用。

2006年的行业报告指出，约有14%至20%的点击属于欺诈点击或无效点击。

[100]另一个对Google广告业务的批评来自于对广告客户的审查，有些被怀疑违反数字千年版权法。

2003年2月，Google停止了对一个
到网站上。

《搜索引擎杂志》撰文写道：Demo Slam是“创作者和技术娴熟的人们制作视频来使世界上其他人类了解最新最伟大技术的地方”
Search engine
On February 14, 2012, Google updated its
homepage with a minor twist. There are no red lines above the options in the black bar, and there is a tab space before the "+You". The sign-in button has also changed, it is no longer in the black bar, instead under it as a button. Google Search, a web search engine, is the company's most popular service. According to market research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%.[132]Google indexes billions[133]of web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators.
Despite its popularity, it has received criticism from a number of organizations. In 2003, The New York Times complained about Google's indexing, claiming that Google's caching of content on its site infringed its copyright for the content.[134] In this case, the United States District Court of Nevada ruled in favor of Google in Field v. Google and Parker v.
Google.[135][136]Furthermore, the publication 2600: The Hacker Quarterly has compiled a list of words that the web giant's new instant search feature will not search.[137]Google Watch has also criticized Google's PageRank algorithms, saying that they discriminate against new websites and favor established sites,[138]and has made allegations about connections between Google and the National Security Agency(NSA) and the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA).[139]Despite criticism, the basic search engine has spread to specific services as well, including an image search engine, the Google News search site, Google Maps, and more. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which allowed users to upload, search, and watch videos from the Internet.[140] In 2009, however, uploads to Google Video were discontinued so that Google could focus more on the search aspect of the service.[141]The company even developed Google Desktop, a desktop search
application used to search for files local to one's computer (discontinued in 2011). Google's most recent development in search is its partnership with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to create Google Patents, which enables free access to information about patents and trademarks.
One of the more controversial search services Google hosts is Google Books. The company began scanning books and uploading limited previews, and full books where allowed, into its new book search engine. The Authors Guild, a group that represents 8,000 U.S. authors, filed a class action suit in a New York City federal court against Google in 2005 over this new service. Google replied that it is in compliance with all existing and historical applications of copyright laws regarding books.[142] Google eventually reached a revised settlement in 2009 to limit its scans to books from the U.S., the UK, Australia and Canada.[143] Furthermore, the Paris Civil Court
ruled against Google in late 2009, asking it to remove the works of La Martinière (Éditions du Seuil) from its database.[144] In competition with , Google plans to sell digital versions of new books.[145]
On July 21, 2010, in response to newcomer Bing, Google updated its image search to display a streaming sequence of thumbnails that enlarge when pointed at. Though web searches still appear in a batch per page format, on July 23, 2010, dictionary definitions for certain English words began appearing above the linked results for web searches.[146] Google's algorithm was changed in March 2011, giving more weight to high-quality content[147]possibly by the use of n-grams to remove spun content.
2011年Google的新主页，顶部的导航条变成黑色。

[107]
Google搜索是Google公司重要也是最普及的一项功能，是多个国家内使用率最高的互
联网搜索引擎。

根据comScore（英语：comScore）2009年11月公布的市场统计，Google在美国搜索引擎市场上占有率为65.6%。

[108]Google抓取数十亿的互联网网页，因此用户能通过搜索关键词等操作较为轻松地获取想要搜寻的信息。

[109]除了最基本的文字搜索功能之外，Google搜索还提供至少22种特殊功能，[110][111]如同义词、天气预报、时区、股价、地图、地震数据、电影放映时间、机场、体育赛事比分等。

Google 搜索在搜索与数字相关的信息时又会有另一些特殊功能：如单位换算、货币换算、数字运算、包裹追踪、地区代码。

[110]同时，Google也为搜索页面提供语言翻译功能。

2011年，Google先后推出语音搜索和图片搜索。

[112]
Google两个案件，Google成功地为自己作了辩护，推翻了指控。

Productivity tools
In addition to its standard web search services, Google has released over the years a number of online productivity tools. Gmail, a free webmail service provided by Google, was launched as an invitation-only beta program on April 1, 2004,[149] and became available to the general public on February 7, 2007.[150] The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009,[151]at which time it had 146 million users monthly.[152]The service would be the first online email service with one gigabyte of storage, and the first to keep emails from the same conversation together in one thread, similar to an Internet forum.[149] The service currently offers over 7600 MB of free storage with additional storage ranging from 20 GB to 16 TB available for US$0.25 per 1 GB per year.[153]Furthermore, software
developers know Gmail for its pioneering use of AJAX, a programming technique that allows web pages to be interactive without refreshing the browser.[154]One criticism of Gmail has been the potential for data disclosure, a risk associated with many online web applications. Steve Ballmer(Microsoft's CEO),[155]Liz Figueroa,[156]Mark Rasch,[157] and the editors of Google Watch[158]believe the processing of email message content goes beyond proper use, but Google claims that mail sent to or from Gmail is never read by a human being beyond the account holder, and is only used to improve relevance of advertisements.[159]
Google Docs, another part of Google's productivity suite, allows users to create, edit, and collaborate on documents in an online environment, not dissimilar to Microsoft Word. The service was originally called Writely, but was obtained by Google on March 9, 2006, where it was released as an invitation-only。