中考英语书面表达议论文观点论证方法单选题40题

中考英语书面表达议论文观点论证方法单选题40题
1. In the argumentative essay, which of the following is an example of using an example to support the main point?
A. "I think studying hard is important because it leads to success."
B. "For instance, Thomas Edison invented the light bulb through countless experiments, which shows that perseverance pays off."
C. "Everyone should exercise regularly to stay healthy."
D. "In conclusion, we need to work together to solve the problem."
答案：B。

本题主要考查举例论证的方法。

选项A 是在陈述观点，没有具体例子。

选项C 是在提出建议，并非举例。

选项D 是在总结，没有举例。

而选项B 中“For instance, Thomas Edison invented the light bulb through countless experiments, which shows that perseverance pays off.”明确给出了托马斯·爱迪生发明灯泡的例子来支持观点，所以选B。

2. Which of the following is a good example for an argumentative essay about the importance of reading?
A. "Reading can improve our knowledge and imagination."
B. "For example, J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series has inspired millions of children to love reading and sparked their creativity."
C. "We should read more books to enhance our language skills."
D. "To sum up, reading is beneficial for us."
答案：B。

在本题中，选项 A 只是在说明阅读的作用，没有具体
例子。

选项C 是在倡导多读书，不是举例。

选项D 是在总结，并非举例。

而选项B 中“For example, J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series has inspired millions of children to love reading and sparked their creativity.”通过J.K.罗琳的《 哈利·波特》系列作为例子，来说明阅读的重要性，所以选B。

3. When writing an argumentative essay on the benefits of traveling, which one is an example of using an example to prove the point?
A. "Travelling allows us to experience different cultures and broaden our horizons."
B. "For instance, my friend visited Paris and was deeply impressed by the art and architecture there."
C. "We all need to travel to relax and have fun."
D. "In short, traveling is very rewarding."
答案：B。

选项A 是在陈述旅行的好处，没有具体事例。

选项C 是在说旅行的目的，不是举例。

选项D 是在做简短总结，不是举例。

选项 B 中“For instance, my friend visited Paris and was deeply impressed by the art and architecture there.”以朋友去巴黎的经历为例，证明旅行的好处，所以选B。

4. In an argumentative essay about the importance of sports, which statement is an example?
A. "Playing sports can make us stronger and healthier."
B. "For example, Usain Bolt's amazing speed and achievements prove
that hard work and dedication in sports can lead to great success."
C. "We should take part in sports activities regularly."
D. "Finally, sports are essential for a balanced life."
答案：B。

选项A 是在阐述运动的好处，未给出具体例子。

选项C 是在提倡参加运动，不是举例。

选项D 是在总结，并非举例。

选项 B 中“For example, Usain Bolt's amazing speed and achievements prove that hard work and dedication in sports can lead to great success.”以尤塞恩·博尔特为例，证明运动的重要性，所以选B。

5. Which of the following is an example used in an argumentative essay discussing the value of teamwork?
A. "Teamwork helps us achieve common goals more efficiently."
B. "For instance, the success of the Apollo moon landing mission was due to the excellent teamwork of scientists and engineers."
C. "We must work as a team to complete tasks."
D. "All in all, teamwork is very important."
答案：B。

选项A 是在说明团队合作的作用，不是具体例子。

选项C 是在强调要团队合作，不是举例。

选项D 是在总结，不是举例。

选项B 中“For instance, the success of the Apollo moon landing mission was due to the excellent teamwork of scientists and engineers.”以阿波罗登月任务的成功为例，体现团队合作的价值，所以选B。

6. In the essay, the author compared the old way of doing things ______ the new one to show the advantages of the new.
B. to
C. for
D. at
答案：A。

本题考查固定短语“compare...with...”，表示“把......和......相比较”，B 选项“compare...to...”意为“把......比作......”，C 和D 选项与“compare”搭配不当。

这里是比较新旧做事方式，所以用“with”。

7. When writing an argumentative essay, it's better to contrast the benefits of exercise ______ the drawbacks of a sedentary lifestyle.
A. with
B. to
C. from
D. of
答案：A。

“contrast...with...”是固定搭配，表示“把......与......对比”，B 选项“contrast...to...”用法错误，C 选项“from”和 D 选项“of”与“contrast”搭配不符合表达习惯。

此题是对比运动的好处和久坐生活方式的弊端，用“with”。

8. The writer made a clear contrast between the efficient work method ______ the inefficient one.
A. and
B. or
C. but
答案：A。

“between...and...”是常用的固定搭配，表示“在......和......之间”，B 选项“or”表示选择，C 选项“but”表示转折，D 选项“so”表示因果，都不符合此处对比两种工作方法的语境，所以用“A”。

9. To strengthen the argument, we should contrast the positive effects of reading ______ the negative effects of spending too much time on electronic devices.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. by
答案：B。

“contrast...with...”意为“把......与......对比”，A 选项“contrast...to...”用法不正确，C 选项“for”和D 选项“by”与“contrast”搭配不当。

这里是对比阅读的积极影响和花太多时间在电子设备上的消极影响，用“with”。

10. In the debate, he effectively contrasted his proposal ______ the opponent's to highlight the superiority of his idea.
A. with
B. to
C. from
D. at
答案：A。

“contrast...with...”为固定短语，意思是“把......和......对
比”，B 选项“contrast...to...”用在此处不正确，C 选项“from”和D 选项“at”与“contrast”搭配不符合语法规则。

此题是将他的提议和对手的提议进行对比，突出自己想法的优越性，应选“A”。

11. I got up late this morning, ______ I was late for school.
A. so
B. but
C. or
D. and
答案：A。

本题考查因果关系。

“I got up late this morning”是原因，“I was late for school”是结果，“so”表示“所以”，连接因果关系。

选项B“but”表示转折；选项C“or”表示选择；选项D“and”表示并列，均不符合题意。

12. She studies hard, ______ she always gets good grades.
A. because
B. so
C. but
D. or
答案：B。

“She studies hard”是原因，“she always gets good grades”是结果，“so”表示“因此”，体现因果关系。

“because”虽然也表示原因，但此处需要一个表示结果的词，A 不符合；“but”表转折；“or”表选择，
C、D 均不符合。

13. He was ill, ______ he didn't go to school.
A. so
B. but
C. because
D. or
答案：A。

“He was ill”是原因，“he didn't go to school”是结果，“so”表示“所以”，符合因果逻辑。

“because”引导原因，这里需要结果连词；“but”转折；“or”选择，B、C、D 不合适。

14. It was raining heavily, ______ we stayed at home.
A. so
B. but
C. because
D. or
答案：A。

“It was raining heavily”是原因，“we stayed at home”是结果，“so”表示“因此”，是因果关系连词。

“because”引导原因；“but”转折；“or”选择，B、C、D 不符。

15. I was very tired, ______ I went to bed early.
A. so
B. but
C. because
D. or
答案：A。

“I was very tired”是原因，“I went to bed early”是结果，“so”表示“所以”，表明因果关系。

“because”用于引导原因；“but”表示
转折；“or”表示选择，B、C、D 均不正确。

16. Which of the following is an example of using citation to support an argument?
A. "Honesty is the best policy." -Benjamin Franklin
B. I think honesty is very important.
C. Honesty makes people happy.
D. We should be honest.
答案：A。

本题考查引用论证的运用。

A 选项直接引用了本杰明·富兰克林的名言“Honesty is the best policy.”来支持论点，属于引用论证。

B 选项只是个人的想法陈述，C 选项是对诚实作用的直接描述，
D 选项是提出应该诚实的观点，均未引用他人言论。

17. In an argumentative essay, which citation is more effective?
A. "A friend in need is a friend indeed." -Unknown
B. My friend told me that friendship is important.
C. Friendship is a valuable thing.
D. We all need friends.
答案：A。

A 选项引用了一句广为流传的谚语“ A friend in need is a friend indeed.”来增强关于友谊论述的说服力，是有效的引用论证。

B 选项是朋友的个人观点，
C 选项是对友谊的一般性描述，
D 选项是关于需要朋友的一般性陈述，均不如 A 选项有权威性和说服力。

18. The following citation is used in an essay: "Where there is a will, there is a way." What does it support?
A. The importance of having a goal.
B. The difficulty of achieving success.
C. The need for hard work.
D. The power of will.
答案：D。

这句引用“Where there is a will, there is a way.”强调的是意志的力量，支持了关于意志作用的论述。

A 选项目标的重要性并非此引用直接支持的，B 选项成功的困难与此引用无关，C 选项努力工作的需要也不是重点。

19. Which citation is suitable for an argument about perseverance?
A. "Practice makes perfect."
B. "Knowledge is power."
C. "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise."
D. "Never give up."
答案：D。

“Never give up.”直接表达了不放弃，与坚持不懈、坚韧不拔的论述相关，适用于关于毅力的论证。

A 选项强调练习的作用，
B 选项强调知识的力量，
C 选项强调良好作息的益处。

20. When using a citation in an argumentative essay, what should we pay attention to?
A. The length of the citation.
B. The source of the citation.
C. The popularity of the citation.
D. Whether it is relevant to the argument.
答案：D。

在议论文中使用引用时，我们应注意引用是否与论点相关，A 选项引用的长度不是关键，B 选项引用的来源重要性相对较低，C 选项引用的流行度并非首要考虑因素。

21. In the essay, the author compared the importance of studying to the need for food. This is an example of _____.
A. analogy
B. metaphor
C. simile
D. personification
答案：A。

本题考查类比论证的概念。

类比是将两个本质上不同但具有相似特征的事物进行比较。

A 选项“analogy”是类比；B 选项“metaphor”是隐喻；C 选项“simile”是明喻；D 选项“personification”是拟人。

文中将学习的重要性与食物的需求进行比较，属于类比，所以选A。

22. The writer said, "Learning is like a journey." This statement shows _____.
A. an analogy
B. a metaphor
C. a simile
D. personification
答案：C。

此题考查类比论证的形式。

“Learning is like a journey.”
是明喻，使用了“like”这个词来表明比较，A 选项“an analogy”是类比，没有使用“like”或“as”；B 选项“a metaphor”是隐喻，不使用“like”或“as”；D 选项“personification”是拟人，不符合题意。

所以选C。

23. "A book is a friend." This sentence represents _____.
A. an analogy
B. a metaphor
C. a simile
D. personification
答案：B。

本题考查不同论证方法的区别。

“A book is a friend.”是隐喻，直接将书说成是朋友，没有使用“like”或“as”来表明比较。

A 选项“an analogy”是类比；C 选项“a simile”是明喻，会使用“like”或“as”；
D 选项“personification”是拟人。

所以答案是B。

24. The author wrote, "Life is a race, and we should keep running." This is _____.
A. an analogy
B. a metaphor
C. a simile
D. personification
答案：A。

此题考查类比论证。

“Life is a race, and we should keep running.”将生活比作赛跑，是类比论证。

A 选项“an analogy”是类比，符合题意；B 选项“a metaphor”是隐喻；C 选项“a simile”是明喻；D 选项“personification”是拟人。

故选A。

25. "The wind whispered through the trees." This is an example of _____.
A. an analogy
B. a metaphor
C. a simile
D. personification
答案：D。

本题考查修辞手法。

“The wind whispered through the trees.”风被赋予了人的低语动作，是拟人。

A 选项“an analogy”是类比；
B 选项“a metaphor”是隐喻；
C 选项“a simile”是明喻。

所以选D。

26. In the argumentative essay, which of the following is the best way to support the main point?
A. Using only personal experiences.
B. Presenting a lot of data without explanation.
C. Combining examples, reasons and expert opinions.
D. Repeating the same idea over and over.
答案：C。

本题考查综合论证方法的运用。

选项A 仅使用个人经历，可能缺乏普遍性和说服力；选项B 呈现大量数据但无解释，难以让读者理解其意义；选项D 重复同一观点，显得单调且缺乏深度。

选项C 结合实例、理由和专家观点，能够从多个角度有力地支持主要观点。

27. When writing an argumentative essay, which of the following is NOT an effective way to convince readers?
A. Presenting opposing views and refuting them.
B. Making emotional appeals without any factual basis.
C. Using logical reasoning and clear examples.
D. Citing reliable sources to support the argument.
答案：B。

本题考查有效的论证方法。

选项 A 呈现对立观点并反驳，能增强论证的全面性和可信度；选项C 使用逻辑推理和清晰的例子，有助于使观点更清晰和有说服力；选项D 引用可靠来源支持论点，增加了论证的权威性。

选项B 仅进行情感呼吁而无事实依据，难以令人信服。

28. Which of the following can enhance the persuasiveness of an argumentative essay?
A. Using complex sentence structures but with grammar mistakes.
B. Presenting a one-sided view without considering counterarguments.
C. Organizing the ideas clearly and logically.
D. Including irrelevant information to make the essay longer.
答案：C。

本题考查增强议论文说服力的方法。

选项A 复杂句子结构但有语法错误，会影响表达的准确性和流畅性；选项B 只呈现单方面观点且不考虑反驳，论证不够全面；选项D 包含不相关信息使文章变长，会分散读者注意力且降低论证质量。

选项C 清晰且有逻辑地组织观点，能使读者更易理解和接受论点。

29. In an argumentative essay, which is a better way to introduce the topic?
A. Starting with a long and complicated question.
B. Presenting a controversial statement to draw attention.
C. Beginning with a general description that is not related to the topic.
D. Using a lot of technical terms that readers may not understand.
答案：B。

本题考查引入议论文主题的有效方式。

选项A 以冗长复杂的问题开头，可能使读者感到困惑；选项C 以与主题无关的一般性描述开头，难以直接引出主题；选项D 使用大量读者可能不理解的技术术语，增加阅读难度。

选项B 呈现有争议的陈述来吸引注意力，能有效引出主题并激发读者兴趣。

30. What is the most important thing when using examples to support the argument in an argumentative essay?
A. Choosing examples from a wide range of sources.
B. Making the examples as detailed as possible.
C. Selecting examples that are familiar to everyone.
D. Ensuring the examples are directly related to the argument.
答案：D。

本题考查在议论文中使用例子支持论点的关键。

选项A 从广泛来源选择例子，虽有一定帮助但不是最重要的；选项B 使例子尽可能详细，若与论点无关则意义不大；选项C 选择大家熟悉的例子，不如与论点直接相关重要。

选项D 确保例子与论点直接相关，才能有力地支持论点，是最重要的。

31. Which of the following is an example of using facts to support an argument?
A. I think the best way to solve this problem is...
B. According to a recent survey, 80% of people...
C. In my opinion, we should...
D. Everyone knows that...
答案：B。

本题考查事实论证的识别。

选项 A 是个人的想法；选项C 是个人观点；选项D 是一种笼统的说法。

而选项B“According to a recent survey, 80% of people...”通过引用近期调查的数据，属于事实论证。

32. What kind of argumentation method is used in "Many successful people have overcome difficulties through hard work. Therefore, we should also be diligent."?
A. Analogy
B. Example
C. Cause and effect
D. Comparison
答案：B。

此题考查论证方法的判断。

句子中通过列举许多成功人士克服困难的例子来论证要勤奋，属于举例论证。

选项 A 类比是通过比较相似事物来说明；选项 C 因果是阐述原因和结果的关系；选项D 比较是对比不同事物。

33. "If we don't protect the environment, our future will be in danger. This shows that..." What argumentation method is used here?
A. Hypothetical reasoning
B. Deductive reasoning
C. Inductive reasoning
D. Contrast
答案：A。

本题考查论证方法的区分。

这里“如果我们不保护环境，我们的未来将会处于危险之中”是一种假设推理。

选项B 演绎推理是从一般到特殊；选项 C 归纳推理是从特殊到一般；选项 D 对比是将两个事物进行对照。

34. "The government should invest more in education. Just like investing in infrastructure, it will bring long-term benefits." What is the argumentation method?
A. Similarity
B. Analogy
C. Contrast
D. Classification
答案：B。

此题考查论证方法的运用。

句子将在教育上的投资类比于在基础设施上的投资，属于类比论证。

选项A 相似性表述不准确；选项C 对比强调差异；选项D 分类是对事物进行归类。

35. "Some people think that playing computer games is harmful, while others believe it can improve intelligence. However, studies have shown that..." What kind of argumentation method begins here?
A. Quotation
B. Evidence
C. Counter-argument
D. Rebuttal
答案：B。

本题考查论证方法的识别。

“studies have shown that...”以研究结果作为依据，属于证据论证。

选项 A 引用是引用他人的话；选项 C 反论点是提出相反的观点；选项 D 反驳是针对他人观点进行否定。

36. In the debate, the speaker presented a strong argument by using both facts and examples. The way of presenting arguments belongs to:
A. Logical reasoning
B. Emotional appeal
C. Comparative analysis
D. Causal analysis
答案：A。

本题主要考查论证方法的识别。

使用事实和例子来支持观点属于逻辑推理，通过合理的推导来证明论点的正确性。

B 选项情感诉求侧重于通过调动情感来影响听众；C 选项比较分析是对不同事物进行对比；D 选项因果分析侧重于探讨事物的因果关系。

37. The author of the essay compared two different solutions to the problem. This method of argument is:
A. Contrast and comparison
B. Classification
C. Definition
D. Analogy
答案：A。

本题考查论证方法的判断。

将两个不同的解决方案进行对比，属于对比和比较的论证方法，突出两者的差异和优劣。

B 选项分类是将事物按照一定标准分类；C 选项定义是对概念进行清晰的界定；D 选项类比是通过相似性来进行论证。

38. The writer gave a detailed description of a successful case to support his point. What kind of argument method is this?
A. Exemplification
B. Generalization
C. Hypothesis
D. Deduction
答案：A。

本题考查论证方法的运用。

通过详细描述一个成功的案例来支持观点，这是举例论证的方法，以具体事例增强观点的可信度。

B 选项概括是对众多事物进行总结归纳；C 选项假设是提出假设情况进行论证；D 选项演绎是从一般到特殊的推理。

39. The article starts with a question and then answers it to explain the main idea. Which argument method is used?
A. Question and answer
B. Induction
C. Refutation
D. Parallelism
答案：A。

本题考查论证方法的识别。

以问题开头并回答来阐述主要观点，属于问答的论证方法，引起读者兴趣并直接针对问题进行
阐述。

B 选项归纳是从个别到一般的推理；C 选项反驳是对相反观点进行驳斥；D 选项排比是一种修辞手法，不是论证方法。

40. The passage states a common belief first and then proves it wrong. This is called:
A. Rebuttal
B. Affirmation
C. Illustration
D. Quotation
答案：A。

本题考查论证方法的判断。

先陈述一种普遍的信念然后证明其错误，这被称为反驳，通过否定错误观点来确立正确的观点。

B 选项肯定是对观点的直接支持；
C 选项说明是对事物进行解释说明；
D 选项引用是引用他人的话语或观点。