公路隧道环境场数值模拟

第三章 施工过程中隧道沥青路面环境场数值模拟.................................................. 18 3.1 沥青混合料温降试验....................................................................................... 18 3.2 无通风瞬态热扩散数值模拟........................................................................... 20 3.2.1 模型建立................................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 瞬态工况模拟........................................................................................... 20 3.2.3 瞬态模拟结果及分析............................................................................... 20 3.3 通风稳态热扩散数值模拟............................................................................... 26 3.3.1 模型建立................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2 工况模拟................................................................................................... 27 3.3.3 稳态模拟结果及分析............................................................................... 27 3.4 沥青烟扩散数值模拟....................................................................................... 32 3.4.1 模型建立................................................................................................... 33 3.4.2 工况模拟................................................................................................... 33
第二章 隧道环境场数值模拟理论与方法.................................................................... 9 2.1 有限差分方程组的建立..................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 计算区域的离散化..................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 控制方程的离散化..................................................................................... 9 2.2 代数方程组的求解方法................................................................................... 14 2.2.1SIMPLE 算法 ............................................................................................ 14 2.2.2SIMPLE 算法基本要点 ............................................................................ 17
关键词：公路隧道，数值模拟，沥青路面，沥青路面施工，隧道运营，隧道火灾
I
Abstract
In order to meet the need of the rapid and sustained growth of economy, transportation is regarded as one strategic objective of national economic development. Highway tunnel construction is into a rapid period of development: the construction technique and economic efficiency are greatly improved, while the number and length of the highway tunnel also reaches new heights. Thought developed fast, it brings the problem of environmental pollution in the tunnel. The high temperature and harmful gasses in the tunnel affect the physical and mental health of construction workers and passengers seriously, in the case of tunnel fire, they even threaten personal safety. In addition, environment in highway tunnel has become a hot research topic in the research of highway tunnel.
A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master
Candidate：Zhou Linghao Supervisor：Prof. Pei Jianzhong
Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
摘要
为了适应国民经济持续快速增长的需要，我国将交通运输列为国民经济发展的战 略目标之一。公路隧道建设进入了较快速的发展时期：不仅在施工技术和经济效益上 有很大的提高，而且在长大公路隧道的数量和长度上也屡创新高。快速发展的同时， 也带来了隧道内环境污染问题。隧道内较高的温度和大量的有毒有害气体严重影响施 工人员、司乘人员的身心健康。尤其是在火灾情况下，威胁到人员生命安全。因此， 近年来公路隧道内环境成为公路隧道科研研究热点之一。
The results show: the forced ventilation was an affective method to solve the problem of high temperature in tunnel execution area. The distribution law of harmful gasses in the tunnel was that the concentration of gasses in the middle area was higher than that on both sides; the concentration of the gasses in the bottom area was higher than that in the top area. The ventilation velocity and the vehicle speed were the major factors effecting the distribution of harmful gasses in tunnel. In the case of fire, Smoke ventilation and cooling efficiency of three draft types in the tunnel can be ordered that all horizontal ventilation is best, semi-transverse ventilation is better and longitudinal ventilation is worst. Key words: highway tunnel, Numerical simulation, asphalt pavement, asphalt pavement construction,tunnel operation, tunnel fire
II
目录
第一章 绪论.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义.............................................................................. …………...1 1.2 相关研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 隧道内环境的研究方法..................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 数学分析方法............................................................................................. 7 1.3.2 现场试测法................................................................................................. 7 1.3.3CFD 数值模拟法......................................................................................... 7 1.4 本文研究内容和方法......................................................................................... 8
分类号：U41；U2 10710-2009121212
硕士学位论文
公路隧道环境场数值模拟
周凌昊
导师姓名职称
裴建中 教授
申请学位级别
硕士
学科专业名称道路与铁道工程
论文提交日期 2012 年 5 月 11 日 论文答辩日期 2012 年 6 月 7 日
学位授予单位
长安大学
Numerical simulation of the environment in highway tunnel
Environmental pollution in the highway tunnel is divided into three parts: the pollution in the process of paving asphalt pavement, automobile exhaust in the process of tunnel operation, smoke airflow with high temperature in tunnel. Based on these patterns of pollutions, the paper discussed the distribution laws of air pollution and temperature in tunnel and proposed the factors affecting the distribution, by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics software ANSYS-FLUENT, different models of tunnel.
公路隧道内环境的污染主要分为三个类型：隧道沥青路面铺筑过程中沥青的热排 放；隧道运营时汽车尾气；隧道火灾释放的高温烟气。基于这三种隧道污染类型，本 文借助 ANSYS—FLUENT 流体计算力学软件，建立三种不同类型的隧道模型，分别 模拟计算三种情况下，隧道内温度和有害物分布规律，并分析影响其分布的因素。
研究结果表明：隧道沥青路面施工环境温度过高的问题，可以通过对施工区域通 风来得到有效的解决，达到改善施工环境的目的。隧道运营过程中，隧道内有害气体 的分布规律是：中间区域比两边区域高，底部区域比顶部区域高。通风风速和汽车车 速是影响隧道内有害气体分布的主要因素。在火灾情况时，隧道三种通风方式的排烟 降温效率依次是：全横向通风最好，半横向通风次之，纵向通风最差。