高中英语 语法规则梳理 定语从句和同位语从句的区分及化简

定语从句和同位语从句的区分
一、从结构上区分：that是否做成分。

定语从句的结构是：“名词+that+不完整的句子”
同位语从句的结构是：“名词+that+完整的陈述句”
例如：
The fact that we talked about is very important.
他们讨论的这个情况很重要。

句中that做talked about的宾语，故为定语从句。

The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
他的实验成功了，这让大家都很高兴。

句中that不充当成分，因为he succeeded in the experiment是一个完整的句子，故为同位语从句。

二、从意义上区分，that引导的从句的意义不同。

定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用。

同位语从句相当于一个名词，对其前面名词内容的具体表述，是同位关系。

例如：
The news that you heard is not true.
定语从句that you heard并不是news的内容，只是起到限制news所指的范围。

The news that he was murdered at a theater is true. 句中同位语表示news的具体内容与news构成同位关系。

定语从句的化简
一、限制性定语从句可化简为分词短语。

在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词为主语该定语从句可化简为分词短语。

规则如下：
1）、删除关系代词
2）、之后动词变成现在分词若是be动词，省略be动词。

例如：
The girl who danced here yesterday is my sister.
→The girl who danced here yesterday is my sister.
→The girl dancing her yesterday is my sister.
Who is the boy that is standing over there?
→Who is the boy that is standing over there?
→Who is that boy standing over there?
非限制性定语从句可化简为先行词的同位语
当非限制性定语从句为who/which + be+名词，结构时可化简为先行词的同位语，规则如下：
1）、删除who或which,再将be动词省略即可
例如：
I met John, who is a good friend of mine.
→I met John, who is a good friend of mine.
→I met John, a good friend of mine.
我遇到了约翰，他是我的好朋友。

先选择再把定语从句进行化简：
1.The road leads to the house is steep.
A.t hat
B.who
C.where
D.whose
1.T he artist picture won the award is my uncle.
A.t hat
B.who
C.which
D.whose
2.w e visited the place Lincoln was born.
A.w hich
B.that
C.where
D.whose
3.T he house is located on top of the hill belongs to me.
A.w hich
B.when
C.where
D.whose
4.T his is the year our sales will reach the highest point.
A.w hich
B.when
C.how
D.whose
5.C an you tell me the reason you are always late?
A.w hich
B.that
C.why
D.how
6.H e is the man factory I purchased .
A.t hat
B.who
C.where
D.whose
7.T his is I recommend you to do.
A.w hat
B.that
C.which
D.whatever
8.W here can i buy the same dictionary you have?
A.That
B.as
C.which
D.what。