学生管理系统(链表版)

福建工程学院计算机与信息科学系实验报告
代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define Null 0
struct student
{
int num;
char name[20];
float chinese,math,english,ave,sum;
struct student *next;
};
void print ()
{
printf(" |------------------------------------------------|\n");
printf(" | 欢迎光临学生成绩管理系统|\n");
printf(" |------------------------------------------------|\n");
printf(" | 1 ==> 创建学生数据|\n");
printf(" | 2 ==> 载入学生数据|\n");
printf(" | 3 ==> 添加学生数据|\n");
printf(" | 4 ==> 查询学生数据|\n");
printf(" | 5 ==> 删除学生数据|\n");
printf(" | 6 ==> 统计班级人数|\n");
printf(" | 7 ==> 排序|\n");
printf(" | 0 ==> 退出学生管理系统|\n");
printf(" |------------------------------------------------|\n");
}
struct student *init (int n)
{
int i;
struct student *head,*p,*s;
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if (i==1)
{
printf("请输入第%d个学生信息:\n",i);
p=(struct student *)malloc (sizeof(struct student));
printf("学号\n");
scanf("%d",&p->num);
printf("姓名\n");
scanf("%s",&p->name);
printf("语文\n");
scanf("%f",&p->chinese);
printf("数学\n");
scanf("%f",&p->math);
printf("英语\n");
scanf("%f",&p->english);
p->sum=p->chinese+p->math+p->english;
p->ave=p->sum/3;
head=p;
if (n==1) p->next=Null;
}
else
{
printf("请输入第%d个学生信息:\n",i);
s=(struct student *)malloc (sizeof(struct student));
printf("学号\n");
scanf("%d",&s->num);
printf("姓名\n");
scanf("%s",&s->name);
printf("语文\n");
scanf("%f",&s->chinese);
printf("数学\n");
scanf("%f",&s->math);
printf("英语\n");
scanf("%f",&s->english);
s->sum=s->chinese+s->math+s->english;
s->ave=s->sum/3;
p->next=s;
p=s;
s->next=Null;
}
}
return head;
}
void insert (struct student *head)
{
struct student *p,*pi;
int xuehao;
printf ("请问要在哪个学生后面插入数据（输入学号）:");
scanf("%d",&xuehao);
pi=(struct student *)malloc (sizeof(struct student));
p=head;
printf("学号\n");
scanf("%d",&pi->num);
printf("姓名\n");
scanf("%s",&pi->name);
printf("语文\n");
scanf("%f",&pi->chinese);
printf("数学\n");
scanf("%f",&pi->math);
printf("英语\n");
scanf("%f",&pi->english);
pi->sum=pi->chinese+pi->math+pi->english;
pi->ave=pi->sum/3;
if (head==Null)
{
head=pi;
pi->next=Null;
}
else
{
while ((p->num!=xuehao)&&(p->next!=Null))
{
p=p->next;
}
if (p->next!=Null)
{
pi->next=p->next;
p->next=pi;
}
else
{
p->next=pi;
pi->next=Null;
}
}
}
void search (struct student *head)
{
int no;
struct student *p;
p=head;
int n=0;
printf("1 按学号查找\n");
printf("2 按分数段查找\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
switch(n)
{
case 1:
printf("请输入要查找同学的学号:");
scanf("%d",&no);
while(p!=Null)
{
if(p->num==no)
{
printf("------------------学生成绩表-----------------------\n");
printf("===================================================\n");
printf("%-5s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","总分","平均分");
printf("===================================================\n"); printf("%-5d%-8s%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f\n",p->num,p->name,p->chinese,p->ma th,p->english,p->sum,p->ave);
printf("===================================================\n");
break;
}
p=p->next;
}
break;
case 2:
{
float a,b;
int choose;
char c;
for(;;)
{
printf("\t|---------------------------------------|\n");
printf("\t| 分数段查询|\n");
printf("\t|---------------------------------------|\n");
printf("\t| 1 ==> 按总分成绩查询|\n");
printf("\t| 2 ==> 按语文成绩查询|\n");
printf("\t| 3 ==> 按数学成绩查询|\n");
printf("\t| 4 ==> 按英语成绩查询|\n");
printf("\t| 0 ==> 返回上一级菜单|\n");
printf("\t|---------------------------------------|\n");
printf("请输入你要执行的操作:");
scanf("%d",&choose);
while(getchar()!='\n');
switch(choose)
{
case 1:
{
p=head;
printf("请输入所要查找的分数段:\n");
printf("请输入第一个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("请输入第二个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&b);
printf("%-5s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","总分","平均分");
while(p!=Null)
{
if (p->sum>=a&&p->sum<=b)
{
printf("%-5d%-8s%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f\n",p->num,p->name,p->chinese,p->ma th,p->english,p->sum,p->ave);
}
p=p->next;
}
}
break;
case 2:
{
p=head;
printf("请输入所要查找的分数段:\n");
printf("请输入第一个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("请输入第二个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&b);
printf("%-5s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","总分","平均分");
while(p!=Null)
{
if (p->chinese>=a&&p->chinese<=b)
{
printf("%-5d%-8s%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f\n",p->num,p->name,p->chinese,p->ma th,p->english,p->sum,p->ave);
}
p=p->next;
}
}
break;
case 3:
{
p=head;
printf("请输入所要查找的分数段:\n");
printf("请输入第一个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("请输入第二个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&b);
printf("%-5s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s\n","学号","姓名","语文
","数学","英语","总分","平均分");
while(p!=Null)
{
if (p->math>=a&&p->math<=b)
{
printf("%-5d%-8s%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f\n",p->num,p->name,p->chinese,p->ma th,p->english,p->sum,p->ave);
}
p=p->next;
}
}
break;
case 4:
{
p=head;
printf("请输入所要查找的分数段:\n");
printf("请输入第一个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&a);
printf("请输入第二个分数:\n");
scanf("%f",&b);
printf("%-5s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","总分","平均分");
while(p!=Null)
{
if (p->english>=a&&p->english<=b)
{
printf("%-5d%-8s%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f\n",p->num,p->name,p->chinese,p->ma th,p->english,p->sum,p->ave);
}
p=p->next;
}
}
break;
case 0: return ;
default: printf("\n\n您的输入有误!请重新输入：\n\n");break;
}
}
}
}
}
struct student *del (struct student *head,int n)
{
struct student *p,*q;
p=head;
if (head==Null)
{
printf("没有学生的资料要删除!\n");
return head;
}
while (p->num!=n&&p->next!=Null)
{
q=p;
p=p->next;
}
if (p->num==n)
{
if (p==head)
head=p->next;
else
q->next=p->next;
free (p);
}
else
printf("找不到相应的学生资料!\n");
return head;
}
void list(struct student *head)
{
int i=0;
struct student *p;
p=head;
printf("------------------学生成绩表-----------------------\n");
printf("===================================================\n");
printf("%-5s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s%-8s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","总分","平均分");
printf("===================================================\n");
while (p!=Null)
{
printf("%-5d%-8s%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f\n",p->num,p->name,p->chinese,p->ma th,p->english,p->sum,p->ave);
p=p->next;
}
printf("===================================================\n");
printf("\n\n");
}
void tongji (struct student *head)
{
int i=0;
struct student *p;
float chinese1=0,math1=0,english1=0;
p=head;
while(p!=Null)
{
i=i+1;
chinese1=chinese1+p->chinese;
math1=math1+p->math;
english1=english1+p->english;
p=p->next;
}
printf("班级总人数为：%d\n",i);
printf("班级语文平均分为：%4.1f\n",chinese1/i);
printf("班级数学平均分为：%4.1f\n",math1/i);
printf("班级英语平均分为：%4.1f\n",english1/i);
printf("\n");
}
student *sort(student *head,int choose)
{
student *p1,*p2=head,*pm,*px;
student mid;
if (!p2) return head;
for(p1=p2;p1->next!=NULL;p1=p1->next)
{
pm=p1;
for(p2=p1->next;p2!=NULL;p2=p2->next)
switch(choose)
{
case 1:if (pm->num>p2->num) pm=p2;break;
case 2:if (pm->sum<p2->sum) pm=p2;break;
case 3:if (pm->chinese<p2->chinese) pm=p2;break;
case 4:if (pm->math<p2->math) pm=p2;break;
case 5:if (pm->english<p2->english) pm=p2;break;
}
if (pm!=p1)
{
mid=*pm;
*pm=*p1;
*p1=mid;
px=pm->next;
pm->next=p1->next;
p1->next=px;
}
}
printf("\n排序后的成绩表为:\n");
list(head);
return head;
}
student *sort_all(student *head)
{
int choose;
for(;;)
{
printf("\t|---------------------------------------|\n");
printf("\t| 学生成绩统计排序|\n");
printf("\t|---------------------------------------|\n");
printf("\t| 1 ==> 按学生学号排序|\n");
printf("\t| 2 ==> 按学生总分排序|\n");
printf("\t| 3 ==> 按学生语文成绩排序|\n");
printf("\t| 4 ==> 按学生数学成绩排序|\n");
printf("\t| 5 ==> 按学生英语成绩排序|\n");
printf("\t| 0 ==> 返回上一级菜单|\n");
printf("\t|---------------------------------------|\n");
printf("请输入你要执行的操作:");
scanf("%d",&choose);
while(getchar()!='\n');
switch(choose)
{
case 1:head=sort(head,choose);break;
case 2:head=sort(head,choose);break;
case 3:head=sort(head,choose);break;
case 4:head=sort(head,choose);break;
case 5:head=sort(head,choose);break;
case 0:return head;
default: printf("\n\n您的输入有误!请重新输入：\n\n");break;
}
}
}
void save(struct student *head)
{
int i,j;
FILE *fp;
student *p;
p=head;
char c; //head 头指针
if((fp=fopen("c:\\stu_list","wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(0);
}
while(p){
fwrite(p,sizeof(student),1,fp);
p=p->next;
}
fclose(fp);
}
struct student* read()
{
int i=0,j;
FILE *fp;
struct student *p; //工作指针
student *last,*head; //最后一项的指针
head=(student*)malloc(sizeof(student));
last=head;
if((fp=fopen("c:\\stu_list","rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
getch();
exit(0);
}
while(!feof(fp))
{
p=(student*)malloc(sizeof(student));
if(fread(p,sizeof(student),1,fp)==1)
{
last->next=p;
last=last->next;
}
}
fclose(fp);
return head=head->next;
}
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char ch,c;
int n=0;
struct student *head,*r;
print();
while((ch=tolower(getchar()))!='0')
{
switch(ch)
{
case '1':
{
printf("请问有多少个学生的资料要输入?\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
head=init(n);
list(head);
save(head);
break;
}
case '2':
{
head=read();
list(head);
break;
}
case '3':
{
insert(head);
list (head);
save(head);
break;
}
case '4':
{
search(head);
break;
}
case '5':
{
int num;
printf("请输入要删除学生的学号:\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
head=del(head,num);
list (head);
save(head);
break;
}
case '6':
{
tongji(head);
break;
}
case '7':
{
head=read();
sort_all(head);
break;
}
default:break;
}
printf("\n\n\t======>按Enter键返回主菜单\n");
fflush(stdin);
c=getchar();
system("cls");
print();
}
}。