形容词和副词的用法

形容词和副词的用法
作用：
1.形容词：
(1)形容词在句中常修饰名词和代词。

A good boy. Something important
(2)形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)
The meal is delicious. (作表语)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)
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3.副词：
（1）副词在句中修饰动词、副词、形容词、全句（Luckily）。

She speaks English well. Luckily, I passed the exam.
（2）副词在句中可作状语、表语、和定语。

He studies very hard. (作状语) When will you be back.（作表语）
注意：
常用来修饰原级的词有：very，too, so, really, quite, pretty等
一、位置
1.形容词：通常要放在所修饰的名词之前，但要放在不定代词（something、anything…）之后。

2.副词：
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1）多数副词作状语时放在行为动词之后。

如果动词带宾语，则放在宾语之后。

Mr. Smith works very hard. She speaks English well.
2) 频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、be动词和助动词之后。

He usually gets up early. I am never late for school.
3) 程度副词一般放在所修饰的名词前面。

He runs very fast.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。

大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。

原级指形容词和副词的原形；比较级用来表示“较……”或“更……一些”；最高级则表示“最……”
一、形容词和副词的原级：
1.表示两者（A与B）在某一方面相同时用句型：
】
A + 谓语 + as + 形容词或副词的原形 + as+ B.
eg: ① Tom 和 Sam 一样高。

Tom is as tall as Sam.
② Tom 和 Sam 跑得一样快。

Tom runs as fast as Sam.
③英语和数学一样重要。

English is as important as math.
2. 两者（A与B）在某一方面A不如B时用句型：
A + 谓语+ not as / so + 形容词或副词的原形 + as+ B.
eg: 1）. Tom 不如 Sam 高。

Tom is not as / so tall as Sam.
2）. Lucy 不如Lily 学习好。

Lucy doesn’t study as / so well as Lily.
二、形容词和副词的比较级：
形容词和副词的比较级表示两个事物在进行比较时，一者比另一者较/更……。

常用句型：#
A + 谓语 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B.
eg: ① Tom 比 Sam 高。

Tom is taller than Sam.
② Tom 比 Sam 跑得快 Tom runs faster than Sam.
1、形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化：
①一般直接在词尾加er或 est
tall
light
②以字母e结尾的直接加r或st
fine
nice
`
③以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要变y为i再加er或est
busy
heavy
④以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的
形容词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加er或 est
big
hot
⑤多音节词或部分双音节词的比较级和最高级在其前面加more或most。

interesting– more interesting– most interesting
Interesting– more interesting– most interesting
&
Interesting– more interesting– most interesting
2、不规则形容词的比较级最高级
练习：列形容词的比较级和最高级
（1）ill/bad /badly （2） busy
（3）big （4） rude
（5）hot （6） easy
（7）little （8） fast
（9）hard （10） many/much
（11）happy （12）far
？
（13） careful （14）good/well
（15） difficult （16）small
（17）quiet （18） old
3、形容词比较级的用法:
（1）两者（A与B）进行比较，“A比B较/更……”。

A + 谓语 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B.
eg: 1). 英语比数学重要。

English is more important than math.
2). Lucy 比Lily 学习好。

Lucy studies better than Lily.
（2）两者（A与B）进行比较，“A比B大/长/高……”
A+谓语+数量词+形容词或副词的比较级+than+ B
,
eg: Tom比Sam大两岁。

Tom is two years older than Sam.
（3）两者（A与B）进行比较，“哪一个更/较……”
Which/Who 谓语 + 比较级, A or B
eg:数学和英语哪一科较简单 Which is easier, math or English Tom和Sam谁跑得更快 Who runs faster, Tom or Sam
（4）两者（A与B）进行比较，“其中A是两者中较…”
A+谓语 + the +比较级 + of the two.
eg：Tom is the taller of the two boys. 汤姆是这两个男孩中最高的 .（5）比较级+ and + 比较级，表示“越来越…”
>
eg：Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热。

more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
（6）The + 比较级…，the + 比较级…“越…，就越…”
eg：越多越好。

The more , the better. 你吃的越多，你就越胖。

The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
（7）用形容词的比较级来表达最高级的概念：
A+谓语+比较级+than any (other) +可数名词单数+范围。

“A是……中最……的”或“A比(其他)任何……都……”
注：当A在范围内比较时，必须加other;当
`
A不在范围内比较时，去掉other.
eg：上海比中国其他的任何一个城市都大
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
上海比日本的任何一个城市都大
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan.
（8）修饰比较级的词
much(…的多)、far (…的多)、 a lot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（仍然）、 any (任何)
a bit(…一点儿) a little (…一点儿)
eg: ① This city is much more beautiful than that one. 这座城市比那座城市漂亮的多。

② Today is even hotter than yesterday.
￥
（9）修饰形容词原级的词： very、rather、pretty、so、quite、too
He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

三、形容词、副词的最高级
形容词和副词的最高级常用来表示三者或三者以上人或物的比较。

形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the, 而副词的最高级前可以不加定冠词the。

但是当形容词的最高级前已经有了作定语用的形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格时，不在加the。

1、主语+谓语+the +形容词或副词的最高级 +of/in短语。

表示“主语是……中最……的”。

① My mother is the busiest in my family. 我妈妈是家中最忙的。

② I jump (the) farthest in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。

2、one of the+形容词最高级+cn.复数“最……之一”。

Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大城市之一。

3、the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词
…
表示“第几大／长／高……”
The Yellow River the second longest river in China．黄河是中国第二长河。

4、Which/Who +谓语+ the +形容词或副词最高级, A ,B or C
表示“三者中哪一个更、最……”
Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun
月球、地球和太阳哪一个更大
四、比较级与最高级的互换
Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高) = Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)
= Jim is the tallest in our class.（吉姆是我们班最高的）
I.用形容词的正确形式填空
，
1. Which do you like _________ (well), apples, pears or bananas
2. I think this story is __________________ (interesting) than that one.
3. In the morning he is __________ (early). His father is _________ (early) than he.
His mother is the ____________ (early) of the three.
4. The Yellow River is the second ____________ (long) river in China.
5. This road is ___________ ( wide )than the other one.
6. I feel math is ______________ (difficult) than Chinese.
7. My sister is ________ than I. ( young )
8.In summer it is _______ in Wuhan than in Beijing. ( hot )
( ) 1. Yang won the women’s500 meters in the sports meeting. She did _______ of all.
、
A. best
B. better
C. well
D. good
( ) 2. –It’s so cold today. –Yes, it’s_______ colder than it was yesterday.
A. some
B. more C . very D. much
( ) 3. Tom does his homework _______ Lucy.
A. as carefully as
B. so careful as
C. as careful as
D. so carefully as
（）4. You must drive _______ next time, or there may be another accide nt.
A. more carefully
B. carefully
C. c areful
D. more careful
( ) 5. This question is _______ more difficult than that one.
A. really
B. quite
C. very
D. a little
( )6. I got to the station _______ than Jim.
A. early 20 minutes
B. earlier 20 minutes
C. 20 minut es early
D. 20 minutes earlier
( )7. Now China has joined WTO, so I think English is _______ useful than before.
A. more
B. most
C. much
D. many
( ) 8. Jane’s brother didn’t work so _______ as the others di d in his class.
A. harder
B. hard
C. hardest
D. hardly
( )9. I was ill(病的yesterday. But now I feel much _____. I think I can go to scho ol tomorrow.
A. worse
B. bad
C. better
D. well。