动词ing综合讲解

动词-ing 形式综合讲解
【学习指南】
一、-ing形式的构成
1、如果-ing分词表示的是一般性动作，不表示动作的先后或与谓语所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，这时要用-ing的一般形式。

“Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.
“你自己不能看吗？”玛丽生气地指着布告说。

2、-ing分词的完成式
如果-ing分词所表示的动作先于句子谓语发生，就要用(not)having+-ed分词来表达。

They had come from England, having heard the strange news that Dr. Manetee, Lucy’s father, was still alive and was living in Paris.
他们听到一个离奇的消息，说露西的父亲曼奈特医生还活着，而且住在巴黎，就从英国来了。

3、ing分词的被动语态一般式
被动语态-ing的一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时进行的。

它一般用作句子的定语或状语。

Being asked to give a performance, Jane couldn’t very well refuse.
有人请简表演个节目，她不好拒绝。

4、-ing分词的被动完成式
表示一个被动动作发生在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
人家给了她这样一个机会，她怎么能轻易放过？
5、-ing分词的否定式
-ing分词的否定形式是在其前加上not 。

Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她取得联系。

6、-ing分词的复合结构。

在-ing分词前加物主代词或名词的所有格便构成分词的复合结构。

What’s troubling them is workers’ not having enough time.
使他们烦恼的是工人们没有足够的时间。

Would you mind my (me) using your telephone？我用用你的电话可以吗？
二、-ing 形式的用法
1．作宾语
【百宝箱】
在英语中，一些动词后面通常需要接-ing分词作宾语。

admit 承认advise 建议appreciate感激avoid 避免allow 允许consider 考虑
defer 推迟deny 否认delay 推迟enjoy 喜欢escape逃脱excuse 原谅
finish 完成forgive宽恕imagine想象keep (on)继续mention 提到mind 介意miss 没赶上permit允许postpone 延期practise练习resist 抵制risk 冒险suggest 建议give up 放弃cannot help 忍不住
*前面省略了介词in的习惯用法。

John had a hard time passing his maths examination. 约翰毫不容易把数学考及格。

She had no problem (in) answering the teacher’ s question. 她能回答老师的问题。

Father had some trouble/difficulty (in) reading his son’ s letter.
父亲相当困难地读了儿子的信。

Mike has spent a lot of time preparing the exam. 迈克花了很长时间来准备考试。

You’ll have a hard job convincing your wife. 你很难让你妻子信服。

There is no problem in doing the job.这工作能干。

2．作宾语补足语
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell. watch等后的宾语可以用-ing分词作宾语补语。

He saw the children playing in the yard. 他看见孩子们在院子里玩。

(2)表示“致使”等意义的动词catch, have, get, keep, set, leave等。

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for me for so long. 对不起，让你久等了。

What she has told left us thinking that she experienced much when she was young.
她告诉我们的话使我们觉得她年轻的时候经历了不少。

3．作状语 ,它可以表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况、条件等。

（1）表示时间
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 看书的时候，他不停地点头。

（2）表示原因：表原因的分词短语一般置于句首。

Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.
在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。

（3）表示结果多置句尾
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。

（4）表示方式或伴随情况多置句尾
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。

Tom stood at the school gate waiting for Jack..汤姆站在校门口等着杰克。

（5）表示条件一般置于句首
Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.
(6) 表示让步一般置于句首
Even if coming by taxi, I will arrive in at least 45 minutes. 即使乘出租车来也要45 分钟。

四、不定式与-ing形式的区别
1、-ing形式与不定式在句中作宾语的区别
(1) 一般说来，-ing分词所表示的动作在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的，时间概念不强，不是指某一次的动作。

而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为。

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim today. 我喜欢游泳，但是今天不想游。

（2）在allow, advise, forbid, permit 等动词的后面直接跟动词作宾语时，要用-ing分词。

如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再接动词作宾语补足语时，应跟带to的不定式。

We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这吸烟。

His mother doesn’t allow him to smoke. 他妈妈不允许他抽烟。

（3）need, require, want动词作“需要”解时，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用-ing分词，或不定式的被动式。

这时，-ing分词的主动形式表示被动意义。

The window needs ( requires, wants) cleaning.
The window needs( requires, wants) to be cleaned. 窗子要擦了。

（4）及物动词remember, forget, regret, mean后接-ing分词和不定式都可以，但含义不同。

She remember seeing him somewhere before. 她记得以前在什么地方见过他。

Please remember to bring me the photo next time. 请记住下次把照片带来。

Doing like that means cheating. 那样做就等于是欺骗。

David regretted missing such a good chance. 大卫遗憾失去了这么好的一个机会。

(5) stop, go on, try后接-ing分词形式时，为及物动词，-ing分词为宾语。

如果后接不定式，则为不及物动词，动词不定式为其目的状语。

Please stop talking. 请不要讲话了。

As he was busy that day, he didn’t stop to talk with me.那天他因为忙，就没停下跟我说话。

If nobody answers at the front door, try knocking at the back door. 若前门叫不开，敲后门试试。

2、-ing形式与不定式作定语的区别
（1）作定语时，-ing分词表示正在进行的动作，用-ing分词的完成式表示动作的完成；不定式表示将要发生的动作。

The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirt. 坐在桌旁的老人穿着白衬衫。

The applicants to be interviewed are required to bring all the necessary papers two days later. 将
接受面试的求职者两天后要把所有材料带来。

（2）-ing分词和不定式作名词的定语时，他们与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系有所不同。

-ing分词所修饰的名词一定是其逻辑主语。

不定式所修饰的名词可以是它的逻辑主语，也可以是其逻辑宾语。

被修饰的名词还可表示时间、地点或方式等关系。

The man writing (who is writing) on the blackboard is our headmaster.
正在黑板上写字的是我们的校长。

He is the person to write (who can write) the book. 他是写那本书的合适人选。

The newly married couple are finding a house to live in. (where they can live).
这对新婚夫妇正在找房子住。

3.-ing形式与不定式作宾语补足语的区别
在see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have等动词后，如果用形式作宾语补足语，表动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式所表示的是一个动作的全过程。

I saw him waiting at the bus stop. 我看见他在等车。

We saw her enter the building just now. 我们刚刚看见她进了大楼。

4、-ing形式与不定式作状语的区别
-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式和伴随状况等。

不定式常用来表示目的、结果和原因等。

（1） -ing形式与不定式作原因状语的区别
不定式多用在形容词后，即位于句末较多。

而-ing形式作原因状语时，多用于句前。

We are all glad to know you are fine. 听说你很好，我们都很高兴。

Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.
由于没受到回信，他决定给他们再写一封。

（2） -ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别
用不定式时，尤其是状语前有副词never,only修饰时，表示一个意外的结果。

He left, leaving nothing but debt. 他走了，什么也没留下，除了一屁股债。

He hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday. 他匆匆赶到学校，却发现今天是星期天。

练一练
1．Having been ill in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard time________ the exam.
A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing (福建04高考)
2． ________ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared （湖北04高考）
3．________ straight on and you’ll see a church . You won’t miss it .
A．Go B．Going C．If you go D．When going （湖北04高考）
4. It’s such a small point that it’s hardly worth ________________.
A. troubling about
B. to trouble about
C. being troubled about
D. trouble about
5. ---What do you think of “Supergirl”, the reality TV show?
---I can’t help ________ it. I got ________ whenever I watched it!
A. to love; exciting
B. to love; excited
C. loving; exciting
D. loving; excited
6. _________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president’s attending
7.The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
8. ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given（北京2000年春考）
9．After being interviewed, the man nodded his head and rose, still _______ his bag.
A. hold
B. held
C. holding
D. to hold （06 木椟期末考试）
10. His little daughter ________for more than two days, Martin reported it to the police
that started a general search for the girl at once.
A. having missed
B. having been missing
C. has been missed
D. had been missing
11. I cannot help ________ myself on passing the examination.
A. greeting
B. congratulating
C. pleasing
D. celebrating
12._______ the right decisions ________ the future is probably the most important thing we'll
ever do in our lives. （南通九校联考）
A. Making; concerned
B. Make; concerning
C. To make; concerned
D. Making; concerning
13. ---How do you deal with a disagreement between the company and its customers?
---The key ___ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; make
14.He’ll never forget the days he spent_____ in the army.
A. being trained
B. training
C. to be trained
D. to train
15.The policeman came up to the lonely house, whose door was open, ___ there for a while, and
then entered it.
A. to stand
B. stand
C. stood
D. standing （06鲁东南三市四地联考）
A. had run out
B. running out
C. having been run out
D. having run out
16．What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday _________ her dead on her bed.（2006年安徽省皖南部分重点学校高三联考）
A. to find
B. finding
C. found
D. find
17. Though _____in a big city, Bill always prefers to sing the songs of country life.
A. bringing up
B. grown
C. raised
D. keeping
18. For many weeks we had horses and oxen from heat,thirst,and starvation A．been accustomed to seeing；suffering B.been accustomed to see；suffer
C．been accustomed to see；suffering D．been accustomed to seeing；suffer
19. Now many families have cars of their own, _____it convenient to travel around the country.
A. makes
B. making
C. made
D. to make
20. I couldn't help but ______ that it was a mistake to lend him the money.（上海师大附中）
(A) think (B) thought (C) to think (D) thinking
21．Just after finishing the washing-up, _____.
(A) the door bell rang (B) Susan heard the door bell ring
(C) someone knocked at the door (D) the door bell was rung
22. It is reported that the man ______ of shooting 16 schoolchildren was arrested and returned to Anhui Province by Beijing police on Friday. （山东泰安）
A. suspected
B. suspecting
C. being suspected
D. to be suspected。