lesson 7翻译与文化

• （3）辜负了，红粉朱楼春色阑 • 杨译：Her power and red chamber, her youth and beauty wasted. • 霍译：All the sweets of spring untasted. • （4）红颜薄命古今同 • 杨译：From the old lovely girls have shared a sorry fate. • 霍译：For the fair are mostly ill-fated, as has been said often before. • （5）红袖楼上夜倚栏 • 杨译：In red sleeves she lean over her balustrade at night. • 霍译：A lady leans out from her casement high.
Warm-up
《红楼梦》：啼笑皆非的人名翻译 1. 袭人，袭击男人？。 2. 司棋，是国际象棋？ 3. 绮霞，变成了一条鱼？！ 4. 鸳鸯，变成了鹅？ 5. 黛玉，成了放荡的女人？ 6. 李纨成了女裁缝？ 7. 兴儿，成了“大鬼”？
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Lesson 7 Translation and Culture Translation Tips Translation and Culture “翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。”（王佐 良） • “如同在做心脏手术时人们不能忽略心脏以外的 身体其他部分一样，我们在翻译时也不能冒险将 翻译的语言内容和文化分开来处理。”（巴思内 特） • For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) • （对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至 比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为词语只有在其作 用的文化背景中才有意义。）
• D. Religious Culture（宗教文化） • （1）可怜辜负好时光，于国于家无望。 • 杨译：He wastes his time and his ability, • Failing his country and his family. • 霍译：So shamefully the precious hours he‟d waste • That both indoors and out he was disgraced. • （2）你倒也“三从四德”，只是这贤惠也太过了！ • 杨译：Quite a model of wifely submission and virtue, aren‟t you? Only you carry this obedience too far. • 霍译：I must congratulate you on your wifely virtue – though I must say, I think that in this case you are carrying wifeliness a little far.
• 1 Implication of Culture（文化的定义） • Culture… is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Tylor) • （文化和文明，是由知识、信念、艺术、伦理、 法律、习俗以及作为社会成员的人所需要的其他 能力和习惯所构成的综合体。） • “文化，从广义上说，指人类社会历史实践过程 中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。从狭义 上来说，指杜会的意识形态，以及与之相适应的 制度和组织机构。”（《辞海》）
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（3）谋事在人，成事在天。 杨译：Man proposes, Heaven disposes. 霍译：Man proposes, God disposes. （4）世人都晓神仙好，唯有功名忘不了。 杨译：All men long to be immortals, Yet no riches and rank each aspires. 霍译：Men all know that salvation should be won, • But with ambition won‟t have done, have done.
• C. Social Culture（社会文化） • （1）凤姐道：“明儿宝玉圆了房，亲家太太抱了外孙子， 那时侯不是更是笑话了吗？” • 杨译：His-feng said, “Soon Pao-yu will have consummated his marriage, and then Aunt Hsueh will have a grandson to dandle – won‟t that be a still better joke? • 霍译：“Soon there will be no lack of them,” replied Xifeng. “When their marriage is consummated, and Bao-yu presents his mother-in-law with a grandchild.” • （2）黛玉道：“你也不用起誓，我知道，你心里有‘妹 妹’，但只见了‘姐姐’就把‘妹妹’忘了。” • 杨译：“There‟s no need for you to swear,” said Dai-yu, I know very well that Cousin Dai has a place in your heart. The trouble is tha as soon as Cousin Chai comes along, Cousin Dai gets forgotten. • 霍译：“There‟s no need to swear, I know I have a place in your heart. But whenver you see her, you forget all about me.
• B. Material Culture（物质文化） • （1）‘巧媳妇做不出没米的饭菜’，叫我怎么样 呢？ • 杨译：Even the cleverest housewife can‟t cook a meal without rice. What do you expect me to do. • 霍译：I don‟t see what I am supposed to do without any capital. Even the cleverest housewife can‟t make bread without flour • （2）就是嫂子见了，‘生米做成熟饭’也只得罢 了。 • 杨译：When Aunt His-fen sees that the rice is already cooked, she‟ll have to put up with it. • 霍译： When she sees that the rice is cooked and knows that it can‟t be uncooked, she‟ll have to put up with随鸡，嫁狗随狗’。 • 杨译：Surely you know the saying marry a cock and follow the cock, marry a dog and follow the dog. • 霍译：You must know the old rhyme: • When a rooster crows at break of day, • All his hen folk must obey, • No choice for a dog‟s life, • But to make the best of a dog‟s life. • （4）气质美如兰，才华阜比仙。 • 杨译：By nature fair as an orchid, • With talents to match an immortal. • 霍译：Heaven made you like a flower, • With grace and wit to match the gods.
• （3）将道人肩上褡裢抢了过来背着。 • 杨译：He transferred the sack from the Taoist‟s shoulders to his own. • 霍译：But Shi-yin merely snatched the satchel that hung from the other‟s shoulder and slung it from his own. • （4）人家是醋罐子，她是醋缸，醋瓮！ • 杨译：If other women are jealous, she‟s a hundred times… • 霍译：They call jealous people „vinegar bottles‟, don‟t they? Well, she‟s not just a bottle full of vinegar; she‟s a storage jar – a whole cistern – full of it !...
• E. Linguistic Culture（语言文化） • （1）至于才子佳人等书，……更有一种风月笔 墨，…… • 杨译：As for books of the beauty-and-talented type…Even worse are those writers of the breeze-and-moonlight school. • 霍译：And the boudoir romances,… Still worse is the erotic novel,… • （2）薛蟠本是个心直口快的人，见不得这样藏头 露尾的事。 • 杨译：Blunt, outspoken Hsueh Pan could not stand such insinuations. • 霍译：Xue Pan, for all his faults, was a forthright, outspoken sort of fellow, unused to such ostrich-like avoidance of the issue.
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2 Classification of Culture（文化的分类） Dr. Nida把翻译中的文化因素分为五类： A. Ecology（生态文化） （1）真是‘天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福’。 杨译：Truly, „storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight‟ 霍译：I know „the weather and human life are both unpredictable‟ （2）对立东风里，主人应解怜。 杨译：Facing each other in the soft east wind, They surely bring their mistress peace of mind. 霍译：Their Mistress, satnding in the soft summer breeze, Finds quiet content in everything she sees.
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（6）因此上，演出这悲金悼玉的《红楼梦》 杨译：By singing this Dream of Red Mansions To mourn the Gold and the Jade. 霍译：And so perform This Dream of Golden Days And all my griefs for my lost lives disclose. （7）怡红公子 杨译：The happy red prince 霍译：Green boy （8）怡红快绿 杨译：HAPPY RED AND DELIGHTFUL GREEN 霍译：The House of Green Delights