20-21版：Reading and Thinking—Language Points（步步高）

Reading and Thinking—Language Points
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．parcel n．包裹v t.裹好；打包
2．jam n．果酱；堵塞
3．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政v t.邮寄；发电邮给
4．clay n．黏土；陶土
5．weed n．杂草；野草v t.& v i.除杂草
6．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团v t.合唱；齐声说
7．cotton n．棉布；棉花
8．uniform n．校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的
9．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片
10．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
11．washroom n．洗手间；厕所
12．rigid adj.死板的；固执的
13．tube n．管子；管状物
14．circus n．马戏团
15．shade v t.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗
n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分
16．jaw n．颌；下巴
17．wrinkle v t.& v i.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n．皱纹
18．forehead n．额；前额
19．housing n．住房；住宅
20．platform n．平台；站台；舞台
21．saucer n．茶碟；杯托
22．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶
23．pan n．平底锅；烤盘
24．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
25．drag v t.拖；拽v t.& v i.缓慢而费力地移动
26．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权
27．secondary adj.中学的；次要的→secondly ad v.第二；其次
28．dust n．沙土；灰尘v i.& v t.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
29．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的
掌握规律巧记单词
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．(be) dying to极想；渴望
2．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声
3．not to mention 更不用说；且不说
4．adapt to 适应
5．the other day不久前的一天
6．come across偶然遇到
7．be relevant to...和……有关
8．to be honest说实在的
9．get through完成；穿过
10．participate in参与；参加
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It takes sb.some time to do sth.
It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
我只要几分钟就走到学校，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。

2．be doing...when...
The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅得到处都是！
3．from where引导定语从句
Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first，up a mountain from where we had fantastic views，and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
我和另外一个老师走了两个半小时才到了那儿——先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏
到了优美的风景，然后又沿着一条阴凉的小路下到下面的山谷。

重点词汇
It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
我只要几分钟就走到学校，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。

dusty adj.布满灰尘的
※a dusty answer (对要求的)轻率的回绝；淡然的拒绝
not so dusty 还好；还不坏
※dust n．灰尘，尘土v.将尘土从……抹去或拂去
dust sb. down/off 将尘土从某人身上抹去或拂去
dust sth. off 开始复习某事(尤指一段时间内搁置不用的技艺或语言)
(1)History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.(2019·天津)
历史不仅仅是研究尘封已久的旧物件和很久以前的事件。

(2)How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it’s so dirty and dusty?
在这么脏且又积满灰尘的房间里琳达怎么能康复？
(3)Why did you give the investors a dusty answer when they offered us fundraising?
当投资方给我们提供筹款时，你为什么这么轻率地回绝了呢？
(4)Mr Smith told his colleague to dust himself down because he was covered in chalk.
史密斯先生告诉他的同事掸掸自己身上，因为他身上全是粉笔灰。

(5)I will have to dust off my French if we are going to move to Paris.
我们要是搬到巴黎去，我就得把法语重新拾起来。

There’s no electricity or running water and not even textbooks，not to mention laptops，tablets，or other modern devices！
这儿没有电，也没有自来水，甚至连课本也没有，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备了！
not to mention更不用说；且不说
mention sb./sth.to...向……提起某人/某物
mention doing sth.提到做某事
mention that提到……
Don’t mention it.不客气。

as mentioned above如上所述
(1)You shouldn’t think of a free day，not to mention flying off for a month’s vacation.
你别想有一天的空闲时间，更别说乘飞机去度一个月的假了。

(2)He mentioned to John that he had seen you somewhere in joint.
他跟约翰说他以前在某个公共场所见过你。

(3)As mentioned above，the function of the device is wonderful.
如上所述，这个设备功能良好。

[名师点津]not to mention“更不用说”，相当于一个插入语，但其后所接的词的形式要求与前面的词平行一致，一般用于否定句之后。

表达“更不用说”的短语还有：①let alone②not to speak of。

Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students—few will ever become chemists—and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生究竟有多大用处，很少有人会成为化学家，并且他们中的大多数人学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。

relevant adj.有关的；切题的
※be relevant to与……有关
※relevance n．关联；切题
have (no) relevance to和……(无)有关
注意：“与……有关”的其他表达形式还有：be related to；be connected with；be associated with 等。

(1)I completed the senior courses of Computer Basics，plus five relevant pre-college courses.
我完成了计算机基础的高等课程，外加五门相关的大学预科课程。

(2)You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.
只要有趣味性和知识性，你可以写任何相关的东西。

(3)I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.
我觉得他说的和我们正在讨论的话题不相关。

他已经跑题了。

[一句多译]
(4)这部电影与课堂上正在讨论的事情有关。

①The film is relevant to what is being discussed in class.(relevant)
②The film has relevance to what is being discussed in class.(relevance)
③The film is related to what is being discussed in class.(relate)
④The film is connected/associated with what is being discussed in class.(connect/associate)
Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first，up a mountain from where we had fantastic views，and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
我和另外一个老师走了两个半小时才到了那儿——先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着一条阴凉的小路下到下面的山谷。

shade n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗
※in the shade在阴凉处
under the shade of...在……的阴凉下
put ...in the shade使……黯然失色
※shade ...from/against ...给……遮挡……
shade ...with ...用……遮挡……
(1)I’ve heard that，in the Sahara，there is no shade during the day，and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights.
我听说在撒哈拉，白天没有阴凉之处，在晴朗的夜晚星星看起来格外灿烂。

(2)Water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.
水通常是在阳光直射的地方比在阴凉处温度高。

(3)Its long branches and leaves shade them from/against the sun.
它长长的树枝和树叶为他们遮挡了阳光。

(4)I saw that merchant sitting under the shade of a tree，reading a book.
我看见那个商人坐在树荫下读书。

[易混辨析]shadow，shade
※shadow常指光线被物体挡住所产生的轮廓清晰的影子。

※shade指阳光被遮挡后出现的阴凉处，即背阴处，无一定的轮廓或边界。

[选词填空]shadow，shade
(5)The building cast a shadow across the narrow street.
(6)The old oak tree provided a pleasant shade for local people in summer.
[图解助记]
My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.我们下山回家往回走的时候，我的肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。

drag vt.拖；拉；扯vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动
drag sb.down使某人沮丧
drag over拖过
drag ...out of ...把……从……中拖出来
drag sb.into (doing) sth.把某人拖入到(做)某事中
(1)Within a moment or two，the whale’s body was dragged swiftly by the killer whales down into the depths of the sea.
过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速地拖到深海中去了。

(2)I dragged the chair over to the window to enjoy the beautiful view.
为了欣赏美景，我把椅子拖到了窗边。

(3)The self-discipline is required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual.
我需要这种自律——比平时早11分钟把自己从床上拽起来。

(4)He has nothing to do with the murder case; don’t drag him into trouble.
这件凶杀案与他无关，不要把他拖入麻烦中。

It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.能与汤贝一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。

privilege n．特权；优惠待遇v．给予特权；特别优待
※It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。

have the privilege to do/of doing sth.有特权做某事
※privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的
be privileged to do sth.有幸做某事
(1)Education should not be a privilege in the modern society，for everyone has the right to do so. 在现代社会，教育不应该是一种特权，因为每一个人都有权利接受教育。

(2)It’s a privilege to meet(meet) you；I’d like to introduce myself.
见到你很荣幸，我来自我介绍一下。

(3)We are privileged(privilege) to welcome you as our speaker this evening.
我们荣幸地欢迎您今晚来演讲。

(4)Ladies and gentlemen，I have the great privilege of introducing/to introduce our speaker for you tonight.女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。

经典句式
The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！
不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅得到处都是！
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。

be doing...when...正在做……突然……
be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……
had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
(1)One day，the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.
一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然下起了大雨。

(2)We were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room. 我们正要离开时隔壁突然发出了巨大的响声。

(3)The prime minister had just arrived at his office when the bell rang.
总理刚到办公室，这时门铃突然响了。

Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first，up a mountain from where we had fantastic views，and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
我和另外一个老师走了两个半小时才到了那儿——先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着一条阴凉的小路下到下面的山谷。

句中from where引导定语从句，相当于and from here/there。

[名师点津]from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。

(1)She climbed up to the top of the hill，from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全镇的风光。

(2)It was a friendship from which a romance was nurtured.
这是一种友谊，它孕育了一段浪漫。

(3)Alice stood at the window，from where she could watch her classmates playing football.
艾丽丝站在窗边，从那里她可以看到同学们踢足球。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good singer.
2．It is said that only members have the privilege to use(use) the submersible.
3．I casually mentioned(mention) that I might be interested in working abroad.
4．For the concert，he dusted off some of his hits.
5．He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take something on the desk. 6．The manned tram lost control and slipped down the hill dragging(drag) the horses with it.
Ⅱ.完成句子
7．Mother was cooking in the kitchen when the telephone rang.
妈妈正在厨房做饭，这时电话铃响了。

8．Her age isn’t relevant to/has no relevance to her capability.
她的年龄与她的能力无关。

9．I’ve got tired of looking at the nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.
我厌倦了透过肮脏的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然。

10．His head soon appeared out of one of the second-storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees.
他的头很快就在第二层的某个窗户伸出来，在那里除了树他什么也看不见。