部编五年级【英语】英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导

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部编五年级【英语】英语阅读理解题型过关技巧指导
一、培养正确的阅读习惯
有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯,如一个词一个词地读,且常伴有一些习惯动作:用手指、摆头等,这就是速读的障碍,并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。

有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读,我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式:(1)用手指或笔指词阅读;(2)逐词阅读;(3)复读;(4)声读;(5)心译。

这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度,不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。

应当指出,孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视,但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。

二、加强按意群阅读的训练
按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。

它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群,目光要尽可能少地停顿。

试比较:(1)I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.(目光停顿7次),(2)I usually / go to school / by bike.(目光停3次)。

其中,(1)为逐词读,(2)为按意群读。

具体说来,读的时候我们要指导学生,不要把目光停在某一个词上,而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词,眼睛不要盯在字行上,要高一些,这样,映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词;读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头,只要眼球来回转动就可以了;保持坐姿端正,书本应放到眼睛正前方,眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为宜,这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息,正确的读书写字姿势,如下图:关键在于它既不是默读(心读)更不是朗读,而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系,即外语思维。

这是一个简捷快速的过程,非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之?因此,我们在平常可以教给学生试试以下两个方法:1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料(最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度)。

通过这种练习,对什么是意群,怎样区分意群,如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上,逐步就会有所实际地感受。

2. 把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来,再用目光扫读,使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。

随着阅读的深入,熟练的孩子在阅读过程中能根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度,并利用头脑中已有的相关知识,借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选择、推测和推理,必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。

也就是说一些孩子能过渡到跳读和略读环节。

我们必须明确地告诉孩子,跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。

主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。

三、培养语言预测能力
所谓语言预测,就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识(词法和句法),凭借上文,猜测出下文可能出现的内容,达到“未睹先知”的目的。

例如,利用词法的搭配习惯,在读到I go to school by ... 时,我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词;利用句法知识,在我们读到Thank you for ... 时,我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词,这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。

熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。

例如读到He likes listening ... 时,就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构;读到Little Water Drop goes higher and ... 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。

眼未到心先知,眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了,这样读起来,自然就会快多了。

四、避免翻译
在开始的时候,逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。

但如果总要依赖翻译,养成习惯了,势必影响到阅读速度。

当然用英文直接思维,这不是一下子就可以完全做到的,但可以循序渐进,例如我们学了apple这个单词,我们在文章中见到它时,并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解,而是可以直接由英语到实物。

再如读到She was flying a kite.时,我们就可以直接体会到“一个女孩子手中拿着线,天上风筝飘呀飘呀”的画面,避免了译成中文“她正在放风筝”后,再到画面的中间环节,那么就节省了时间。

在英语的阅读理解中,孩子往往会或多或少地遇到各种各样的生词,这是影响孩子阅读速度的最大障碍了。

若把阅读过程比作一条奔流的小溪,那么生词便是顽石、沟坎,使溪流不断回漩激起浪花;冲过去便渐入佳境,冲不过去便成为一潭死水。

跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。

猜测词义的方法有很多,有的时候不靠查字典,的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义,其实这时只要孩子能看出它的词性、在句中的作用,不影响阅读就足够了。

例如:PEP教材六上活动手册第38页第5题Read and answer中有这样的句子:Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明显,instruments没学过,是生词,但并不影响学生的阅读,学生通过上文中的violin下文中的music,能明白。

这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时,碰到不认识的字词,并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思,而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义,不求甚解。

生词问题解决了,就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。

阅读理解猜词六技巧介绍如下:
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。

有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如:
You shouldn"t have blamed him for that,for it wasn"t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。

通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些新词汇,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought意思为"久旱","旱灾"。

而a dry period和drought是同义语。

这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。

从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。

例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。

后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

二、阅读理解
2.阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每小题的三个选项中选出最佳选项。

(1)—Is the boy riding a bike?

A. Yes, he is.
B. No, he isn't.
C. Yes, I am.
(2)Look at the three birds. They now.
A. are sing
B. are singing
C. singing
(3)—What are the dogs doing?

A. They are sleeping.
B. They are running.
C. They are flying
(4)Which one is right (正确的)?
A. The rabbit is eating.
B. The girl is flying a kite in the park.
C. The turtles (乌龟)are swimming in the water.
【答案】(1)A
(2)B
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】这是看图选择正确选项的题目.
(1)题目的问题是: —男孩在骑自行车吗? — ...... 根据图片, 男孩在骑自行车. A选项是: 是的, 他是. B选项是: 不, 他没有. C选项是: 是, 我是. 故答案为: A.
(2)题目的问题是: 看那三只鸟. 现在它们...... 根据图片正在唱歌, 有now这里用现在进行时, 选项中A和C选项的结构不正确. 只有B选项正确. 故答案为: B.
(3)题目的问题是:—狗们在做什么? — ...... 根据图片正在奔跑. A选项的意思是: 它们在睡觉. B选项的意思是: 它们在奔跑. C选项的意思是: 它们在飞. 故答案为: B.
(4)题目的问题是: 哪句是正确的? A选项的意思是: 兔子在吃东西. 根据图片在奔跑, 错误. B选项是: 那位女孩正在公园里放风筝. 根据图片在跳舞,错误. C选项的意思是: 乌龟正在水里游泳. 根据图片正确. 故答案为: C.
【点评】这是考查阅读能力的题目. 根据图片结合问题, 选择合适的选项即可.
3.阅读理解阅读理解
Peter is eleven years old .He is in Grade Five this year. He likes playing football and watching football matches. And he often reads newspapers . He does his best(尽全力) to know(知道)when and where a football match is going to be. Now Peter is having a match .He is listening to the radio, too. He is very happy because there is going to be a nice football match on TV at four this afternoon. He wants to watch it very much .But he is going to have English and Chinese lessons. He thinks hard and finds a way(想出一个办法).
"Hello, Mrs Black," Peter says to his teacher on the telephone ."Peter is ill in bed .He wants to ask for half a day's leave(请半天假).
"Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," says Mrs Black ."But who is that?"
"It's my father, Mrs Black."
(1)Peter is a .
A. student
B. teacher
C. worker
(2)Peter will be in next year.
A. Grade Two
B. Grade Six
C. Grade Four
(3)Peter often reads newspapers because .
A. he likes to read news
B. his father wants him to read them
C. he wants to know when and where a football match will be
(4)Peter wants to ask for half a day's leave because .
A. he is ill in bed.
B. he wants to watch the football match
C. he doesn't want to have English or Chinese lessons
(5)Which of the following is right?
A. Peter is not an honest (诚实的)boy.
B. Peter likes to watch TV at five in the afternoon.
C. Mrs Black is going to take Peter to see a doctor.
【答案】(1)A
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
(5)A
【解析】【分析】(1)句意:皮特是一个学生。

由He is in Grade Five this year可知,故用stusent.
(2)句意:他下一年会是六年级。

由He is in Grade Five this year可知,故用Grade Six。

(3)句意:皮特经常读报纸因为他想知道足球比赛会是什么时候在哪。

由He does his best(尽全力) to know(知道) when and where a football match is going to be.可知,故用he wants to know when and where a football match will be
(4)句意:皮特想请一天假因为他想去看足球比赛。

由He is very happy because there is going to be a nice football match on TV at four this afternoon可知,故用he wants to watch the football match
(5)句意:下面哪一项是对的?由文章句意可知他假装他的爸爸给老师打电话说自己生病要请假可知,他不是一个诚实的男孩,故用Peter is not an honest (诚实的)boy.
4.阅读理解Look, read and order.阅读短文,根据短文内容用A,B,C,D,E给图画排序。

The Double Ninth Festival
The Double Ninth Festival is a traditional (传统的) Chinese festival. It usually comes in October. On this day, people usually go on an outing or climb mountains. Sometimes they go to see flower shows. People eat Double Ninth cakes at this festival. The cakes are sweet(甜的) and nice. It's also a festival for old people. On this day, people go to see their parents and grandparents. Many students(学生) visit old people in Old People's Homes. They get together and have a good time.
________
________
________
________
________
【答案】 E;A;B;D;C
【解析】【分析】大意:短文讲述了重阳节。

(1)根据短文内容顺序The Double Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It usually comes in October.可知重阳节是在十月,与图片表示日历是10月份,相匹配,排序为A;(2)根据On this day, people usually go on an outing or climb mountains.可知重阳节那天,人们通常去郊游或爬山,与图片一些人在爬山,相匹配,排序为B;
(3)根据People eat Double Ninth cakes at this festival. The cakes are sweet and nice.有时可知在这个节日人们吃重阳蛋糕,与图片重阳蛋糕,相匹配,排序为C;
(4)根据 It's also a festival for old people. On this day, people go to see their parents and grandparents. 可知重阳节是老年人的节日,人们去看望他们的父母和祖父母,与图片一位妈妈给老人捶背,一个男孩给也在给妈妈捶背,相匹配,排序为D;
(5)根据 Many students visit old people in Old People's Homes. They get together and have a good time.可知许多学生到老人院探望老人,他们很愉快,与图片一些学生和老人很高兴在一起,相匹配,排序为E。

故答案为E,A,B,D,C.
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解,先翻译短文,然后观察图片,根据短文先后顺序把图片从新排序。

5.阅读理解阅读理解
Linda and Mary are good friends. They are both twelve years old now. Linda's birthday is on 9th September and Mary's birthday is on Teachers' Day. Their homes are both in Sunflower Estate(住宅区) but in different blocks(栋). Linda lives in Block 8 and Alice lives in Block11. They are classmates. They usually go to school together. They both like sports. But their favourite spots are
different. Linda likes table tennis. Mary likes volleyball. Where are they now? Oh! They are playing basketball together in the playground now. How happy they are!
(1)How old is Linda?
A. 8.
B. 11.
C. 12.
D. 9
(2)When's Mary's birthday?
A. On 9th September.
B. On 10th September.
C. On 11th September.
D. On 10th October.
(3)Where do Linda and Mary live?
A. In Sunflower Estate.
B. In Block 8.
C. In Block 11.
D. In Block 9.(4)What's Mary's favourite sport?
A. Volleyball.
B. Table Tennis.
C. Basketball.
D. Football.
(5)Which(哪一个) one is right(正确的)?
A. Linda and Mary are in different classes.
B. Linda's birthday and Mary's birthday are both in September.
C. Linda and Mary are playing football now.
D. Both Linda and Mary like playing basketball.
【答案】(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)A
(5)B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍Linda和Mary这对好朋友情况的短文。


(1)根据短文句子 They are both twelve years old now. (她们现在都12岁了。

)可知12岁,C选项正确。

故答案为:C。

(2)根据短文句子 Mary's birthday is on Teachers' Day. (玛丽的生日在教师节。

)可知是9月10日。

B选项正确。

故答案为:B。

(3)根据短文句子 Their homes are both in Sunflower Estate but in different blocks.(她们家都在太阳花住宅区在不同的大楼。

)可知在太阳花住宅区。

故答案为:A。

(4)
根据短文句子 Mary likes volleyball. (玛丽喜欢排球。

)可知是排球。

故答案为:A.
(5)根据短文句子 Linda's birthday is on 9th September and Mary's birthday is on Teachers' Day. (琳达的生日在9月9日,玛丽的生日在教师节。

)可知两个人都是九月份生日,相差一天。

B选项正确。

故答案为:B。

【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。

首先仔细阅读短文,注意细节叙述,然后根据短文叙述回答问题。

6.阅读理解判断下列句子是否与短文相符。

Hi, I'm Tom. I'm a student. I'm eleven. My birthday is on 12th July. I go to school by bike. My father is a fireman. He uses water to put out fires. He's brave. He goes to work by bus. My mother is a doctor. She works in a hospital. She helps people. She goes to work by car. I like helping people, too. I want to be a doctor in the future. But my brother wants to fly a plane. He wants to be a pilot in the future.
(1)Tom is eleven. His birthday is on 12th June.
(2)Tom's father is a doctor. He helps people.
(3)Tom's mother is a doctor. She goes to work by car.
(4)Tom's brother wants to fly a plane. He wants to be a pilot.
【答案】(1)0
(2)0
(3)1
(4)1
【解析】【分析】短文描述了作者汤姆是一个十一岁学生,生日是在7月12日,他骑自行车上学,父亲是一名消防员,他坐公共汽车去上班,妈妈是医生,在医院工作,开车去上班,作者也喜欢帮助别人,将来想成为一名医生,作者的哥哥想将来想当一名飞行员。

(1)根据所给的短文,I'm Tom. I'm a student. I'm eleven. My birthday is on 12th July.我叫汤姆。

我是一个学生。

我十一岁了。

我的生日是7月12日。

可知汤姆11岁生日在7月12日,故答案为错误。

(2)根据所给的短文,My father is a fireman. 我父亲是一名消防员。

可知汤姆的父亲是一名消防员,故答案为错误。

(3)根据所给的短文,My mother is a doctor. She works in a hospital. She helps people. She goes to work by car.我妈妈是医生。

她在医院工作。

她帮助别人。

她开车去上班。

可知汤姆的妈妈是一名医生,她乘小汽车去工作,故答案为正确。

(4)根据所给的短文,But my brother wants to fly a plane. He wants to be a pilot in the future.但是我哥哥想驾驶飞机。

他将来想当一名飞行员。

可知汤姆的哥哥想乘飞机想当飞行员,故答案为正确。

【点评】理清了线索,理解文章就不是问题,看题时注意确定关键词,然后在文章中定位,找到与选项的一致的内容,就可以轻松的判断句子是否正确。

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