【解析】上海市浦东新区建平中学2020届高三上学期开学摸底英语试题

2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三上学期英语摸底考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods.___1___ method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree ___2___ a discussion takes place.
Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom ___3___ not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time ___4___(deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish ___5___listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view ___6___ someone is listening.___7___ of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of ___8___ is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion,___9___ everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works ____10____ (well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.
【答案】1. Whichever
2. how
3. should
4. denies
5. to be listened
6. unless
7. None
8. what 9. in which
10. better
本文为说明文。

本文主要说明如何在课堂进行有效讨论的方法。

一个富有成效的讨论，孩子和老师应该就如何进行讨论达成一致。

讨论要遵循两个基本的原则，即一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。

民主社会中的个人享有平等权利，人人都有话语权。

第二是每次只能听一个人讲话，要学会倾听，每个人都能回答问题。

这样才会使讨论更有效。

【1题详解】
考查让步状语从句。

句意：无论采用哪种方法，都应有助于儿童之间以及教师与儿童之间的对话，并使之富有成效。

根据语境可知，此空格是修饰名词different methods。

根据前句中有different methods，本句是指上文中提到的不同方法中的无论哪一种，有范围中的无论哪一种，应该用whichever，表示无论哪一种方法。

故填Whichever。

【2题详解】
考查宾语从句。

句意：在现实环境中，孩子和老师应该就讨论的方式达成一致。

根据上下文可知，此处是指就讨论的方式达成一致，即如何讨论达成一致，表方式，故填how。

【3题详解】
考查情态动词。

句意：最好的原则当然是一个人自己的自由不应妨碍他人的自由。

根据语境可知，此处表示一种建议，即应该如何做。

should 表示提出建议，表示“应该，可以”。

故填should。

【4题详解】
考查谓语动词。

句意：一个总是说话的孩子会剥夺他人的发言权。

分析句子可知，本句的主语是三人称单数a child，根据全文可知，此处要用一般现在时，即用denies，故填denies。

【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。

句意：如果我们希望别人倾听，我们就应该倾听别人。

“wish to do sth”为固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。

但是也要注意此处用动词不定式的被动，由语境可知，此处表示我们希望被倾听，表示方式。

故填to be listened。

【6题详解】
考查条件状语从句。

句意：除非有人在听，否则发表观点是没有意义的。

分析句子结构可知，此处缺少连词。

根据句意，表示除非有人倾听，否则发表意见也没有意义的。

连词unless意为“除非”，故填unless。

【7题详解】
考查不定代词。

句意：我们没有人能够同时听一个以上的人讲话，所以另一个黄金规则应该是:一次只能听一个人讲话。

根据后面的“另一个黄金规则是一次只有一个人说话” ，可知没有人(none)能够一次同时倾听很多人讲话。

故填None。

【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。

句意：倾听意味着不仅要听单词，而且要注意所说内容的意思。

分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语，名词从句中缺少主语一般用what，用what表示正在被说的事情。

故填what。

【9题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。

句意：在理想的讨论中，每个人都听演讲者的讲话，允许每个人作出回应。

分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。

the ideal discussion是先行词，在定语从句中作状语，即in the discussion，要用in which，故填in which。

【10题详解】
考查形容词比较级。

句意：当遵守了某些基本的讨论规则时，讨论会更有效。

根据语境可知，前后句暗含比较，主要强调后句的方法更好。

故填better。

Section B(10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Ho nnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for ___11___.
Honnold could not ___12___ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fi ngers free of moisture. There was no
rope to ___13___him if he fell. After a four-hour ___14___ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed ___15___ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he ha s. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its ___16___. In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was ___17___ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wal l, EI Capitan’s ___18___part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was ___19___ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
T hese have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more ___20___to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.
【答案】11. C 12. D
13. F 14. G
15. H 16. E
17. I 18. J
19. A 20. B
本文为记叙文。

本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EI Capitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。

2015年，美国人汤米·考德威尔（Tommy Caldwell）和凯文·乔格森（Kevin Jorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。

Alex Honnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩
里程碑中的最新成就。

随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。

【11题详解】
考查名词。

句意：今年6月，Alex Honnold 成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。

分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。

故填C项。

【12题详解】
考查动词。

句意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。

从后文That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. 说明Honnold could not (2)______ any slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。

由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。

“could not afford sth..”意为”无法承担的起”，故选择D项。

【13题详解】
考查动词。

句意：如果他摔倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。

to do sth, 可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。

故选择F。

【14题详解】
考查名词。

句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。

分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。

故选G。

【15题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：EI Capitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。

EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the w ay he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. 可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。

【16题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。

在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。

根据In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support.
“ Solo” means free of protection. 可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。

at its purest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意，故选E。

【17题详解】
考查分词。

句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。

根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与相匹配，配的上）符合题意。

故选I。

【18题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔奇森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EI Capitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(Dawn Wall)的路线。

In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s (8)______part, after years of attempts. 多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI Capitan 以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。

对应 blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pulling on edges barely big enough for ___1___.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。

可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。

【19题详解】
考查副词。

句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。

根据“accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020”可知，在2020 年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing 成为一个项目存在，即被正式的(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。

故选A。

【20题详解】
考查形容词。

句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。

“accessible to”为固定搭配，意为“对是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的” ordinary people. 现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。

以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。

现在对大众来说也可以接触到。

故B项合适。

故选B项。

III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
There was once a time that I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me. Stuck in a continuous cycle of repetitive choices, I knew what was____21____when it came to making decisions. I knew wh at wouldn’t ___22___me too much, what would me glued to the floor of where I already was____23____ little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me.
After living the same type of life for so long I decided bat there was more for me. Although it was uncomfortable at first, I pushed myself to get___24___ in things that I wouldn't normally do, I decided to open up and talk to other people that I didn’t think I would have the___25___ to show my face to, and I started to share more about myself with others that already knew me. By doing these things, I ___26___ to find more parts of life to open myself up to.
A quote said"Life begins at the end of your comfort zone."Reading the quote made me realize that I was stuck in a life that wasn't truly mine. I was bound by chains that made me ___27___ to experience life, so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my____28____.
There are a few ways you can begin to push past your comfort zone. First, make a bucket list. All you need to do is write down a list of things that you want to ___29___ in your lifetime, but make sure you do them. A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___30___ going to try and achieve it.
Secondly, if you want, ask someone to tag along(H E). If you have a friend who is also interested in experiencing more of their life then you can join ___31___ and work together. That way, you can push each other to actually go out and experience.
Finally, ____32____ yourself. Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself. Maybe you have always been interested in bungee jumping, but have been toe afraid. Put it on the list and promise yourself a shopping trip or anything else to ___33___ yourself into doing it.
Life is about ____34____ it up with as many experiences as possible, so don’t miss out on an amazing opportunity to ____35____ yourself or lean something valuable.
21. A. safe B. sensitive C. alternative D. greedy
22. A. tempt B. exclude C. scare D. impose
23. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However
24. A. absorbed B. participated C. can D. involved
25 A. confidence B. benefit C. burden D. passion
26. A. claimed B. strived C. hesitated D. pretended
27. A. excited B. curious C. flexible D. afraid
28. A. imagination. B. control C. limits D. expectation
29. A. accomplish B. combine C. cultivate D. ensure
30. A. accidentally B. desperately C. actually D. consequently
31. A. ideas B. forces C. factors D. effects
32. A. behave B. engage C. treat D. help
33. A. bribe B. trap C. cheat D. shape
34. A. making B. taking C. pilling D. filling
35. A. satisfy B. relax C. identify D. better 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29.
A 30. C 31.
B 32.
C 33. A 34.
D 35. D
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。

文章主要讲了生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。

【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：在一个不断重复选择的循环中，我知道在做决定时什么是安全的。

A. safe安全的；B. sensitive 敏感的；C. alternative供选择的；D. greedy贪婪的。

根据前文I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me, 得出此处为安全的决定。

故选A。

【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才
是对的。

A. tempt诱惑；B. exclude 排除；C. scare害怕；D. impose利用。

根据上文的what was safe, 推知此处what wouldn’t scare, 与安全的决定表示相同的含义。

故选C。

【23题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。

句意：我知道什么不会让我太害怕，虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的。

A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover而且；D. However然而。

此处需要however作为关系副词，表示转折。

However little did I realize at the time that this was not the right path for me. 本句是倒装句+宾语从句，表示“虽然这时我很少能意识到哪条路才是对的”。

故选D。

【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。

get involved in涉及，卷入，该短语是固定搭配，故选D。

【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：虽然起初很不舒服,我将自己卷入我通常不会做的事情,我决定打开心扉和我认为我没有信心展示我的脸的人们交谈。

A. confidence自信；B. benefit好处；
C. burden 负担；
D. passion热情。

从上下文得知，我没有抛头露面的自信。

故选A。

【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：通过做这些事情，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。

A. claimed 宣称；B. strived努力；C. hesitated犹豫；D. pretended假装。

文中表示通过和熟悉的人分享经历，我努力寻找生活可以展示的部分。

故选B。

【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。

A. excited兴奋的；B. curious好奇的；C. flexible 灵活的；D. afraid害怕的。

根据so I always keep it as a reminder to myself to go beyond my____8____.可知我害怕体验生活。

故选D。

【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我被锁链束缚着，这让我害怕体验生活，所以我总是把它作为一个提醒，提醒自己要超越自己的极限。

A. imagination.想象；B. control控制；C. limits 极限；D. expectation.期待。

文中表示“提醒自己要超越自己的极限。

”故选C。

【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单，但一定要做到。

A. accomplish完成；B. combine结合；C. cultivate培养；D. ensure保证。

根据A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___10___ going to try and achieve it.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。

故选A。

【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：除非你真的想要实现它，否则遗愿清单是没有用的。

A. accidentally 意外地；B. desperately拼命地；C. actually实际上；D. consequently结果。

此处理解为除非真正完成了任务，否则列表只能是列表，因此只有actually符合题意。

故选C。

【31题详解】
考查固定短语。

句意：如果你有一个朋友也对体验他们的生活感兴趣，那么你可以加入他们一起工作。

A. ideas观点；B. forces力量；C. factors因素；D. effects影响。

join forces 协力，团结与work together 并列，故选B。

【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：最后,犒劳自己。

A. behave表现；B. engage参与； C. treat 对待；D. help帮助。

由倒数第二段推知，如果完成列表任务，可以对自己好点，也就是给自己一些奖励，因此这里是treat yourself犒劳自己。

故选C。

【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：把它列在清单上，答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。

A. bribe诱哄；B. trap捕捉；C. cheat欺骗；D. shape塑造。

根据Make yourself a promise that if you check something off your bucket list then you will do something nice for yourself.可知这里意思是答应自己一次购物之旅或其他任何可以诱哄自己去做的事情。

故选A。

【34题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。

make up 组成； take up 占据；pile up 堆起；fill up填补。

文中表示“生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它”。

故选D。

35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：生活就是用尽可能多的经历填满它，所以不要错过一个让你变得更好或学到一些有价值的东西的绝佳机会。

A. satisfy满足；B. relax放松；C. identify 识别；D. better改善。

此处理解为不要错过任何一个完善自己，学习有价值事情的机会。

故
选D。

【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。

同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。

例如，第1小题根据前文I would only do what I knew was comfortable for me, 得出此处为安全的决定。

故选A。

第9小题根据A bucket list isn't useful unless you are ___10___ going to try and achieve it.可知这里意思是你所需要做的就是写下你想在有生之年完成的事情的清单。

故选A。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years. Before I became the village schoolmistress here, the Flower Show appears to have been an event of some importance and people came from miles around to enjoy a day at Fairacre.
I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school, I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecti ng wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.
It was a freezing, starlit night. By the time I arrived at the Village hall, there were about ten people already there. The doctor was chairman of the meeting. A few men were warming their hand over the rather smoky oil stove, which was trying, somewhat inefficiently, to warm the room. The meeting was called for seven thirty---a most inconvenient time in my private opinion as it successfully upsets the evening and puts back the time of one’s evening meal. By a quarter to eight only fifteen people had arrived.
“I think we must begin,” the doctor said, turning his gentle smile upon us. He gave a short sp eech about the past glories of Fairarce’s Flower Show an d his hopes
that it might take place again. “Perhaps someone would put forward the suggestion that the Flower Show be restarted?” he suggested. There was a heavy silence, broken only by the movement of feet from the bench at the back. All fifteen of us, I noticed, were middle-aged. John Pringle, Mrs. Pringle’s only child, must have been the youngest among us and he is a man of nearly thirty. It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request.
“I’ll do it,” he said. “Propose we have a Flower Show then.” He sat down, pink and self-conscious, and the doctor thanked him sincerely. “Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?” Again that painful silence. It seemed as though we sat in a dream.
“I’ll do it,” I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully. “Let’s take a vote here then.” All fifteen raised their hands doubtfully. To look at our faces an outsider might reasonably have thought we were having the choice of hanging or the electric chair.
36. What is the purpose of the meeting?
A. To make arrangements for the next Flower Show.
B. To get people’s ideas about the next Flower Show.
C. To decide whether a Flower Show would be held again.
D. To find out whether people would help with the Flower Show.
37. What was the reason for the author’s attendance?
A. The school children has always taken part in the Flower Show.
B She wanted to find out what the children could do to help.
C. She wanted to know what special lessons to give the children.
D. The school children might do more work in the school garden.
38. Why did the author declare her support for Mr. Pringle’s proposal?
A. It had become fairly clear that nobody else would.
B. She was in hurry to go home.
C. She was the only one really interested in the matter.
D. She felt sorry for the doctor.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. A
【分析】
本文为记叙文。

本文记叙了作者村里召开会议讨论是否要再次举办Flower Show时，对于普林格尔先生提出建议的建议，在没人同意的情况下，作者表达了自己对他的支持。

【36题详解】
推理判断题。

第一段的第一句“Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years.”中提到召集村庄里所有的人开会商讨一年一度的Flower Show——花展，而这个花展已经有好几年没在Fairacre举办了。

由此可推断开会是为了讨论是否再次举办Flower Show，故答案是C。

【37题详解】
推理判断题。

文章第二段中的“I decide d to go to the meeting, as the children in my school , I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens an d so on, included in the program.”可知，作者参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在这种活动中起了很大的作用。

由此可推断出学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。

【38题详解】
推理判断题。

文章最后三段描述了普林格尔先生提出建议时，倒数第三段中的“he suggested. There was a heavy silence,”“It was John who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request. 倒数第二段中的‘I’ ll do it,’”、“‘Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?’ Again that painful silence.”以及最后一段中的“‘I’ll do it, I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully.”可知，他提出建议时一片沉寂，由此可推断出，除了作者，没有人愿意站出来支持Mr. Pringle举办花展的提议，故答案是A。

【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。

这种题型包括判断题和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

根据事实细节，推断合理信息。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根
据表面文字信息做多步推理。

也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。

切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

如第2小题属于推理判断题。

文章第二段的“I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school , I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the program.”可知，作者决定参加这次会议是因为他是学校的学生，作者知道学生以前在
这种活动中起了很大的作用。

由此可知作者学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，
故答案是A。

(B)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful con tinent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times rhe size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s va st interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center(PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard
work, but really an incre dible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
39. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctica was on the map in the 1500s when________.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.
B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita
C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to
40. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.
B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.
C. It is relatively easy to map Antarct ica’s coastline by ship.
D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.
41. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially_________.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View
B. to test the company’s Trekker technology
C. to create educational apps for museums
D. to hike for an incredible experience
42. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice
B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researcher’s fie ld camp and the balloon
D. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staff
【答案】39. C 40. B 41. A 42. D
【分析】
本文为说明文。

文章主要说明了如何绘制南极洲地图。

南极洲很早就在地图上了，但那时只是一块未知的大陆，充满了神秘。

直到19世纪探险家们踏上这块陆地后，才开始绘制南极洲地图。

但绘制南极洲地图绘制不仅需要飞机、卫星及绘制人员大量的野外工作，还需要高度专业化的绘制团队。

【39题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第一段中的“In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica——that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent”可知在16世纪，地图绘制者经常在他们的地图底部绘上一个他们称为“未知大陆”的奇特大陆。

但是直到19世纪，在探险家们发现并踏上南极洲之后，绘制者才着手绘制这块大陆的地图。

由此推断出南极洲在16世纪的时候在地图上只是一块未知的大陆，在19世纪时探险家们才去过后，才开始了解。

由此可推断出在16世纪时没有人见过或去过那个大陆，故选C。

【40题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段的“While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or car tographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.”可知，海岸线可以由在南极洲航行的船只绘制，但它需要飞机和后来的卫星来绘制南极洲广阔的内陆。

这项工作今天仍在继续。

可知这是一项仍然需要地图制作者，或制图师，穿上靴子，走向野外的工作。

由此可知，由船只来绘制海岸线相对容易些，绘制南极洲地图不仅需要飞机和卫星，还需要。