lrac和lrmc的公式

lrac和lrmc的公式
英文回答：
LRAC (Long Run Average Cost) and LRMC (Long Run
Marginal Cost) are two important concepts in economics that are used to analyze the cost structure of a firm in the
long run.
LRAC represents the average cost per unit of output in the long run. It is calculated by dividing the total cost
of production by the quantity of output. The LRAC curve shows the lowest average cost at which a firm can produce a given quantity of output in the long run. It is U-shaped, indicating economies of scale at low levels of output and diseconomies of scale at high levels of output.
For example, let's consider a car manufacturing company. Initially, when the company starts producing cars, it may have high fixed costs for setting up the production
facility and purchasing machinery. As the production volume
increases, the fixed costs are spread over a larger number
of cars, leading to a decrease in average cost. This is known as economies of scale. However, if the company continues to expand its production beyond a certain point,
it may face issues such as overcrowding, coordination problems, and increased management complexity, leading to
an increase in average cost. This is known as diseconomies
of scale.
On the other hand, LRMC represents the additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of output in the long run. It is calculated by dividing the change in total cost by the change in quantity of output. The LRMC curve shows the minimum cost at which a firm can produce an additional unit of output in the long run.
Continuing with the car manufacturing example, let's
say the company is currently producing 10,000 cars per year. If it decides to increase its production to 10,001 cars, it will incur additional costs such as hiring an extra worker
or purchasing additional raw materials. The LRMC curve shows the cost of producing that one extra car.
The relationship between LRAC and LRMC is important for firms to make production decisions. If LRMC is lower than LRAC, it indicates that the firm can produce additional units of output at a lower average cost. This suggests that the firm should expand its production. On the other hand,
if LRMC is higher than LRAC, it indicates that the firm is producing additional units of output at a higher average cost. This suggests that the firm should reduce its production.
To summarize, LRAC represents the average cost per unit of output in the long run, while LRMC represents the additional cost of producing one more unit of output in the long run. Understanding the relationship between LRAC and LRMC helps firms make optimal production decisions.
中文回答：
LRAC（长期平均成本）和LRMC（长期边际成本）是经济学中两个重要的概念，用于分析企业的长期成本结构。

LRAC代表单位产出的长期平均成本。

它的计算方法是将总生产
成本除以产出数量。

LRAC曲线显示了企业在长期内可以以最低平均
成本生产一定数量产出的成本水平。

该曲线呈U形，表明在产出水
平较低时存在规模经济，而在产出水平较高时存在规模不经济。

例如，我们考虑一个汽车制造公司。

当公司开始生产汽车时，
可能会有较高的固定成本，用于建立生产设施和购买机械设备。

随
着产量的增加，固定成本分摊到更多的汽车上，导致平均成本下降。

这被称为规模经济。

然而，如果公司继续扩大生产超过一定点，可
能会面临拥挤、协调问题和管理复杂性增加等问题，导致平均成本
上升。

这被称为规模不经济。

另一方面，LRMC代表生产一单位额外产出所需的成本。

它的计
算方法是将总成本的变化除以产出数量的变化。

LRMC曲线显示了企
业在长期内生产额外一单位产出所需的最低成本。

继续以汽车制造为例，假设该公司目前每年生产1万辆汽车。

如果决定将生产增加到1万零1辆汽车，将会产生额外的成本，如
雇佣额外的工人或购买额外的原材料。

LRMC曲线显示了生产这一额
外汽车的成本。

LRAC和LRMC之间的关系对企业进行生产决策非常重要。

如果
LRMC低于LRAC，则表明企业可以以较低的平均成本生产额外的产出
单位。

这表明企业应该扩大生产。

另一方面，如果LRMC高于LRAC，则表明企业以较高的平均成本生产额外的产出单位。

这表明企业应
该减少生产。

总之，LRAC代表单位产出的长期平均成本，而LRMC代表生产
一单位额外产出的长期成本。

了解LRAC和LRMC之间的关系有助于
企业进行最优生产决策。