【2018年秋季课程人教版高三英语】复习被动语态教案

【2018年秋季课程人教版高三英语】复习被动语态教案
4. deal with/do with
词形变化
1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的
2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界universal adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的
3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现外表; 外貌; 外观
重点单词
1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和
2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件
3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标
4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯
5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现；发生
重点词组
1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的
2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说
3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看
4. make up 化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）
重点句子
1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered
if I would grow larger!
2. However，this reality also worried my designers
三、知识讲解
知识点1
主动语态和被动语态的区别：
1.Many people speak Chinese.
2. Chinese is spoken by many people.
1句是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者。

即speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

2句是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

主语English是动词speak的承受者。

知识点2
被动语态的构成：
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

1．一般现在时：am/is/are＋done
2．一般过去时：was/were＋done
3．一般将来时：will/shall be＋done
4．现在进行时：am/is/are being＋done
5．现在完成时：have/has been＋done
6．含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋done
知识点3
何时使用被动语态：
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Some new bikes were stolen last night.
This house was built in 1981.
2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

The glass was broken by Tom.
This book was written by him.
Your homework must be finished on time.
知识点4
主动语态变被动语态的方法：
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

知识点5
由主动语态变被动语态时应注意的问题：
1．主动语态和被动语态的动词时态应保持一致
He bought a new car last month.→
A new car was bought by him last month.
2.含有短语动词的被动语态
一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。

另外，许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，后面也可加宾语。

在变被动语态时，注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，常见的这类短语动词有：take care of，look after，take off，look at，listen to，laugh at 等。

She is looking for you now.→
You are being looked for by her now.
They laughed at him at the meeting.→
He was laughed at by them at the meeting.
3. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。

例如：He told us a story. → We were told a story (by him).或：A story was told to us by him.
Her mother bought her a new pen. → A new pen was bought for
her by her mother．
【注意】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save.
4. 表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to,look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。

如：
I saw him g o into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’ office.
Someone saw him swim in the Lake yesterday．→ He was seen to swim in the Lake yesterday．
5．含有被动意义的[have/get+宾语＋过去分词]
I had(got) my hair cut. He had his money stolen.
Mike had his leg hurt while playing the game.
常见搭配：get arrested, get caught, get confused, get divorced, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get killed, get lost, get married等。

知识点6
主动形式表被动意义：
1. 连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。

如：The building looks very beautiful. Your idea proved / turned out to be wrong.
2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，而且它们的状语一般是表示效果或程度的副词，如：well, easily, smoothly。

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The book sells quickly/ well. 比较：The books were sold in the Shenzhen Bookshop.
The cloth washes easily. 比较：My clothes are washed by my mother.
3. There be结构中的不定式做定语时，用主动形式表被动意义。

如：In the past, there were too many people to feed.
There are many clothes to wash today.
4. 不定式to blame用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。

如：
Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？
If anyone is to blame, it’s me.
Which driver was to blame for the accident?
5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：
The book is difficult to understand. The music isn’t pleasant to listen to.
The picture is interesting to look at.
注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。

这类形容
词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant...
6. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：
Do you have time to help us? I have some clothes to wash.
I want something to drink.
注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。

(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。

(指请人打字)
7. 在too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。

如：
The writing is too faint to read. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。

These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 8. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。

如：
This movie is worth seeing.
9. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。

The house needs cleaning. These children require looking after. This wall requires/wants repairing.
注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。

如：
The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
【答案】B
【解析】因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

【例题2】
This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing 【答案】C
【解析】Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet.
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
【答案】D
【解析】decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。

从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

五、课堂运用
【基础】
1. ---- Have you moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the rooms _____.
A. are being painted
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painting
【答案】A
【解析】A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。

后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。

不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

2. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.
A. was booked
B. had been booked
C. were booked
D. have been booked
【答案】B
【解析】B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

3.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. Seen
【答案】B
【解析】B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it 是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

4. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuaded
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
【答案】C
【解析】C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

5. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame
【答案】A
【解析】A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame，to let等。

6. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to 【答案】A
【解析】A 噪音应该是被阻止，该句为if引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”的语法现象。

【拔高】
7.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
【答案】C
【解析】C 由now可知为现在进行时，电脑应该是被发展。

8.--- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told 【答案】A
【解析】A 由题意可知，“我”应该被告知，由might be可知此事已发生，故用完成时。

9. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is
completed
【答案】D
【解析】 D before引导的时间状语从句符合“主将从现”的语法现象，邮票应该是被收集。

课程小结
本节课我们学习了被动语态，重点学习了被动语态的结构以及被动语态与各种时态相结合的用法。

其中要注意用主动形式表达被动含义的几种常见用法
第 11 页。