应对区爱护学校高考英语陷阱题中的略情况例析专题辅导
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应对区爱护学校高考英语陷阱题中的省略情况
例析
省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段,在语言应用中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。
在英语考试中,也经常会采用微型语境的方法,使用省略手段来设计考试陷阱,增加考试的难度。
在考试陷阱中,所涉及的省略情况一般有:词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。
一、承前省略陷阱
二、语境省略陷阱
三、结构省略陷阱
1. —Who has eaten all the cake, Jim?
—Oh,________must be your two pet dogs.
A. it
B. they
C. that
D. which
【分析】许多学生可能认为此题应选 B,因为其后的 your two pet dogs 为复数。
但实际上,此题的最佳答案就是 A,此句实为强调句型 It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake 的省略形式。
2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better_____it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget
B. forgot
C. forgetting
D. to forget
【分析】此题最佳答案为 A。
考查 had better 后接动词原形的用法。
但是考题中将you had better 这一结构省略成 better,致使许多同学一时看不出来。
又如:
Better go with him. 最好同他一起去。
Better have the operation right now. 你最好还是现在就动手术。
3. Why______skating there with us this afternoon?
A. don’t go
B. not to go
C. not go
D. go not
【分析】许多学生会认为否定式须在 go 前加助动词及否定词或在不定式的小品词to前加否定词,
从而将答案误选为A 或 B。
其实,此题答案应该选 C。
当询问情况、提出建议或征求意见时,人们通常将Why don’t you do...省略成 Why not do...,故答案选 C。
四、状语从句省略陷阱
为了简洁起见,有的状语从句(如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等)有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语(尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包括有动词 be 时)。
While (he was) waiting, he saw Jim pass by. 他在等时见到吉姆路过。
He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他张开口好像要说话似的。
Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一个人时,常常哭泣。
I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient.你方便时我想来看看你。
有些由 if 构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如 if any, if necessary, if possible, if not,if so。
如:
There are few, if any, mistakes in that book. 那本书就是有错误也不多。
If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要,可以打电话到我家找我。
If possible, I wish to come next time. 如果可能,我希望下次能来。
He may be busy. If so,I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?他可能很忙,要是这样,我以后再来拜访。
要是不忙,我现在可以见他吗?
请看下面的考题:
1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ______to.
A. spoken
B. speaking
C. speak
D. be spoken
【分析】此题容易误选 B,认为 until 是介词,后接动词时用动名词形式。
其实,此题应选 A,until spoken to 为 until he is spoken to之省略。
句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人,别人不同他说话,他也很少同别人说话”。
2. If ______carefully , the experiment will be successful.
A. do
B. does
C. done
D. doing
【分析】答案选C,为if it is carefully done 之省略。
3. The research is so designed that once______nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
【分析】答案选 D,为 once it is begun 之省略。
五、虚拟语气省略陷阱
在虚拟条件句中,有时可将引导条件从句的连词 if 省略,而将从句中的 were, should, had 等提到句首。
如:
Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。
I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。
值得注意的是,若条件从句为否定句,否定词 not 应置于主语之后,而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t 而置于句首。
另外,有时省略if 后提前的 had 不是助动词。
如:
Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。
(=If I had time...)
请看一道试题:
It______very silly to argue any more against each other about it______true.
A. will be; could that be
B. must be; could that be
C. should be; was that to be
D. would be; should that be
【分析】有些同学会认为主句表示推测,从而将答案误选为 B。
其实,只要分析一下句子成分就很简单了。
四个选项均为谓语动词,且第 2 空所给选项为倒装,这正好与虚拟语气中省略 if 时倒装结构一致。
由此可知该题考查与将来相反的虚拟语气的用法。
故答案选 D。
六、让步从句省略陷阱
在由 though, as 引导的让步状语从句中,如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词 a 须省略。
如:
Child as[though]he is, he knows much about the society.= Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.尽管他还是个小孩,但他对社会的了解不少。
请看两道试题:
1.______as it is, it can understand you.
A. A dog
B. Dog
C. Dogs
D. The dog
2. ______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005重庆卷)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
【分析】根据前面的分析,这两道题的答案均为B。