数学英语词汇表

一般词汇
o 数学mathematics, maths(BrE),
math(AmE)
o 公理axiom
o 定理theorem
o 计算calculation
o 运算operation
o 证明prove
o 假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)
o 命题proposition
算术arithmetic
o 加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)
o 被加数augend, summand
o 加数addend
o 和sum
o 减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)
o 被减数minuend
o 减数subtrahend
o 差remainder
o 乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) o 被乘数multiplicand, faciend
o 乘数multiplicator
o 积product
o 除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)
o 被除数dividend
o 除数divisor
o 商quotient
o 等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
o 大于is greater than
o 小于is lesser than
o 大于等于is equal or greater than
o 小于等于is equal or lesser than
o 运算符operator
o 数字digit
o 数number
o 自然数natural number
o 整数integer
o 小数decimal
o 小数点decimal point
o 分数fraction
o 分子numerator
o 分母denominator
o 比ratio
o 负negative
o 零null, zero, nought, nil
o 十进制decimal system
o 二进制binary system
o 十六进制hexadecimal system
o 权weight, significance
o 进位carry
o 截尾truncation
o 四舍五入round
o 下舍入round down
o 上舍入round up
o 有效数字significant digit
o 无效数字insignificant digit
代数algebra
o 公式formula, formulae(pl.)
o 单项式monomial
o 多项式polynomial, multinomial
o 系数coefficient
o 未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor o 等式，方程式equation
o 一次方程simple equation
o 二次方程quadratic equation
o 三次方程cubic equation
o 四次方程quartic equation
o 不等式inequation
o 阶乘factorial
o 对数logarithm
o 指数，幂exponent
o 乘方power
o 二次方，平方square
o 三次方，立方cube
o 四次方the power of four, the fourth power
o n 次方the power of n, the nth power o 开方
evolution, extraction
o 二次方根，平方根square root
o 三次方根，立方根cube root
o 四次方根the root of four, the fourth root
o n 次方根the root of n, the nth root
o 集合aggregate
o 元素element
o 子集subset
o 交集intersection
o 并集union
o 补集complement
o 映射mapping
o 函数function
o 定义域domain, field of definition
o 值域range
o 常量constant
o 变量variable
o 单调性monotonicity
o 奇偶性parity
o 周期性periodicity
o 图象image
o 数列，级数series
o 微积分calculus
o 微分differential
o 导数derivative
o 极限limit
o 无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)
o 无穷小infinitesimal
o 积分integral
o 定积分definite integral
o 不定积分indefinite integral
o 有理数rational number
o 无理数irrational number
o 实数real number
o 虚数imaginary number
o 复数complex number
o 矩阵matrix
o 行列式determinant 几何geometry o 点point
o 线line
o 面plane
o 体solid
o 线段segment
o 射线radial
o 平行parallel
o 相交intersect
o 角angle
o 角度degree o 弧度radian o 锐角acute angle o 直角right angle o 钝角obtuse angle o 平角straight angle o 周角perigon o 底base o 边side o 高height o 三角形triangle o 锐角三角形acute triangle o 直角三角形right triangle o 直角边leg o 斜边hypotenuse o 勾股定理Pythagorean theorem o 钝角三角形obtuse triangle o 不等边三角形scalene triangle o 等腰三角形isosceles triangle o 等边三角形equilateral triangle o 四边形quadrilateral o 平行四边形parallelogram o 矩形rectangle o 长length o 宽width o 菱形rhomb, rhombus,
rhombi(pl.), diamond o 正方形square o 梯形trapezoid o 直角梯形right trapezoid o 等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid o 五边形pentagon o 六边形hexagon o 七边形heptagon o 八边形octagon o 九边形enneagon o 十边形decagon o 十一边形hendecagon o 十二边形dodecagon o 多边形polygon o 正多边形equilateral polygon o 圆circle o 圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE) o 半径radius
o 直径diameter o 圆周率pi o 弧arc o 半圆semicircle o 扇形sector o 环ring o 椭圆ellipse o 圆周circumference o 周长perimeter o 面积area o 轨迹locus, loca(pl.) o 相似similar o 全等congruent o 四面体tetrahedron o 五面体pentahedron o 六面体hexahedron o 平行六面体parallelepiped o 立方体cube o 七面体heptahedron o 八面体octahedron o 九面体enneahedron o 十面体decahedron o 十一面体hendecahedron o 十二面体dodecahedron o 二十面体icosahedron o 多面体polyhedron o 棱锥pyramid o 棱柱prism o 棱台frustum of a prism o 旋转rotation o 轴axis o 圆锥cone o 圆柱cylinder o 圆台frustum of a cone o 球sphere o 半球hemisphere o 底面undersurface o 表面积surface area o 体积volume o 空间space o 坐标系coordinates o 坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis
o 横坐标x-coordinate
o 纵坐标y-coordinate
o 原点origin
o 双曲线hyperbola
o 抛物线parabola 三角trigonometry
o 正弦sine
o 余弦cosine
o 正切tangent
o 余切cotangent
o 正割secant
o 余割cosecant
o 反正弦arc sine
o 反余弦arc cosine
o 反正切arc tangent
o 反余切arc cotangent
o 反正割arc secant
o 反余割arc cosecant
o 相位phase
o 周期period
o 振幅amplitude
o 内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)
o 外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)
o 旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)
o 垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)
o 重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)
o 内切圆inscribed circle
o 外切圆circumcircle
统计statistics
o 平均数average
o 加权平均数weighted average
o 方差variance
o 标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation o 比例propotion
o 百分比percent
o 百分点percentage
o 百分位数percentile
o 排列permutation
o 组合combination
o 概率，或然率probability
o 分布distribution
o 正态分布normal distribution
o 非正态分布abnormal distribution
o 图表graph
o 条形统计图bar graph
o 柱形统计图histogram
o 折线统计图broken line graph
o 曲线统计图curve diagram
o 扇形统计图pie diagram
English Chinese abbreviation 简写符号；简写abscissa横坐标absolute complement 绝对补集absolute error 绝对误差absolute inequality 绝不等式absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute monotonic 绝对单调absolute value 绝对值accelerate 加速acceleration 加速度acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation 累积accumulative 累积的accuracy 准确度act on 施于action 作用; 作用力acute angle 锐角acute-angled triangle 锐角三角形add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律addition law(of probability) (概率)加法定律additive inverse 加法逆元; 加法反元additive property 可加性adjacent angle 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint matrix 伴随矩阵algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式
algebraic nu mber 代数数algebraic operati on 代数运算algebraically closed 代数圭寸闭algorithm算法系统；规则系统alternate angle （交）错角alter nate segme nt 内错弓形alter nat ing series 交错级数alternative hypothesis择一假设；备择假设；另一假设altitude
高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case两义情况；
二义情况amou nt本利和；总数an alysis分析；解析analytic geometry 解析几何an gle 角an gle at the centre 圆心角an gle at the circumfere nee 圆周角an gle betwee n a line and a pla ne 直与平面的交角an gle betwee n two pla nes 两平面的交角an gle bisect ion 角平分an gle bisector角平分线；分角线
an gle in the alter nate segme nt 交错弓形的圆周角an gle in the same segme nt同弓形内的圆周角an gle of depressi on 俯角an gle of elevati on 仰角angle of friction静摩擦角；极限角an gle of greatest slope 最大斜率的角angle of inclination 倾斜角an gle of in tersecti on 相交角；交角an gle of project ion 投射角an gle of rotatio n 旋转角an gle of the sector 扇形角an gle sum of a tria ngle 三角形内角禾口an gles at a point 同顶角an gular displaceme nt 角移位an gular mome ntum 角动量an gular moti on 角运动angular velocity 角速度annum（X% per annum）年（年利率X%）an ti-clockwise directi on 逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-clockwise moment 逆时针力矩anti-derivative反导数；反微商an ti-logarithm 逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric 反对称apex顶点
approach接近；趋近approximate value 近似值approximati on 近似；略计；逼近Arabic system阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary con sta nt 任意常数arc弧arc len gth 弧长arc-cos ine fun cti on 反余弦函数arc-sin function反正弦函数arc-ta ngent fun cti on 反正切函数area面积
Argand diagram阿根图，阿氏图argument (1)论证；(2)辐角argument of a complex number 复数的辐角argument of a function 函数的自变量arithmetic 算术arithmetic mea n算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progressi on 算术级数；等差级数arithmetic seque nee 等差序歹U arithmetic series 等差级数arm 边array数组；数组arrow前号asce nding order 递升序asce nding powers of X X 的升幕assertion断语; 断定associative law 结合律assumed mean假定平均数assumpti on假定；假设asymmetrical 非对称asymptote 渐近asymptotic error con sta nt 渐近误差常
数at rest静止augme nted matrix 增广矩阵auxiliary an gle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 辅
助方程average平均；平均数；平均值average speed 平均速率axiom公理axiom of existe nee 存在公理axiom of exte nsion 延伸公理axiom of inclusion 包含公理
axiom of pairing 酉己对公理axiom of power 幕集公理axiom of specification 分类公理axiomatic theory of probability 概率公理论axis 轴axis of parabola拋物线
的轴axis of revolution 旋转车由axis of rotation 旋转车由axis of symmetry 对称车由back substitution 回代
bar chart棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图base（1）底；（2）基；基数base an gle 底角base area 底面base line 底线base nu mber底数；基数base of logarithm 对数的底basis 基
Bayes' theorem贝叶斯定理bearing方位（角）；角方
向（角）bell-shaped curve 钟形图bel ong to 属于Bernoulli distributio n 伯努利分布Bernoulli trials伯努利试验bias偏差；偏倚biconditional双修件式；双修件句bijection对射；双射；单满射bijective function对射函数；只射函数billion 十亿bimodal distribution 双峰分布binary nu mber 二进数binary operati on 二元运算binary scale 二进法binary system 二进制bino mial 二项式binomial distribution 二项分布bino mial expressi on 二项式bino mial series 二项级数bino mial theorem 二项式定理bisect平分；等分bisect ion method分半法；分半方法bisector等分线；平分线Boolean algebra 布尔代数boundary condition 边界条件
boundary line 界（线）；边界
boun ded有界的
boun ded above 有上界的；上有界的bou nded below 有下界的；下有界的boun ded fun cti on 有界函数boun ded seque nee 有界序歹U brace大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度broke n line graph 折线图ealeulati on 计算calculator计算器；计算器calculus （1）微积分学；（2）演算cancel消法；相消canellation law 消去律canonical典型;标准capacity 容量cardioid 心脏Cartesian coord inates 笛卡儿坐标Cartesia n equati on 笛卡儿方程Cartesia n pla ne笛卡儿平面Cartesia n product 笛卡儿积category类型；范畴cate nary 悬链Cauchy seque nee 柯西序歹U
Cauchy's principal value 柯西主值
Cauchy-Schwarz in equality柯西-许瓦尔兹不等式
central limit theorem 中心极限定理
central line 中线
cen tral tendency 集中趋
cen tre中心；心
cen tre of a circle 圆心centre of gravity 重心centre of mass质量中心centrifugal force 离心力centripedal acceleration 向心加速度centripedal force force 向心力cen troid形心；距心certa in event必然事件chain rule 链式法则cha nee机会
cha nge of axes坐标轴的变换
cha nge of base基的变换
change of coord inates 坐标轴的变换
cha nge of subject 主项变换
cha nge of variable 换元；变量的换characteristic equati on 特征（征）方程characteristic function 特征（征）函数characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数;对数的定位部characteristic root 特征（征）根chart图；图表check digit检验数位check ing 验算chord 弦chord of contact 切点弦circle 圆circular圆形；圆的
circular function圆函数；三角函数
circular measure 弧度法circular motion 圆周运动circular permutation环形排列；圆形排列；循环排列circumce ntre外心；外接圆心circumcircle 外接圆circumfere nee 圆周circumradius夕卜接圆半径circumscribed circle 夕卜接圆
cissoid 蔓叶
class区；组；类class boun dary 组界class in terval组区间；组距class limit组限；区限class mark组中点；区中点classical theory of probability 古典概率论classificati on 分类cln ometer测斜仪clockwise direct ion 顺时针方向clockwise moment顺时针力矩closed convex region 闭凸区域closed in terval 闭区间coaxial 共车由coaxial circles 共轴圆coaxial system 共轴系coded data编码数据codi ng method 编码法co-doma in 上域coefficie nt 系数coefficie nt of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of restitution 碰撞系数；恢复系数coefficient of variation 变差系数cofactor余因子；余因式cofactor matrix 歹U矩阵coin cide迭合；重合collection of terms 并项colli near 共线colli near pla nes 共线面collision 碰撞column⑴列；纵行；（2）柱column matrix 歹U矩阵column vector 歹U向量comb in ati on 组合com mon chord 公弦com mon denomin ator 同分
母；公分母com mon differenee 公差com mon divisor 公约数；公约com mon factor公因子；公因子com mon logarithm 常用对数com mon multiple公位数；公倍com mon ratio 公比com mon tangent 公切commutative law 交换律comparable可比较的compass 罗盘compass beari ng罗盘方位角compasses 圆规compasses con structi on 圆规作图compatible可相容的compleme nt 余；补余compleme nt law 补余律compleme ntary an gle 余角compleme ntary equati on 补充方程compleme ntary eve nt 互补事件complementary function 余函数complementary probability 互补概率complete oscillation 全振动completi ng the square 酉己方complex conjugate 复共轭complex nu mber 复数complex un mber pla ne 复数平面complex root 复数根comp onent 分量component of force 分力composite function复合函数；合成函数composite nu mber复合数；合成数composition of mappings 映射构合composition of relations 复合关系compo und an gle 复角compound angle formula 复角公式compo und bar chart 综合棒形图compo und disco unt 复折扣compo undin terest 复禾U; 复禾U息compound probability 合成概率compound statement复合命题;复合叙述computati on 计算
computer计算机；电子计算器
concave 凹
con cave dow nward 凹向下的con cave polyg on 凹多边形con cave upward 凹向上的concentric circles 同心圆con cept 概念con clusi on 结论con curre nt 共点con cyclic 共圆con cyclic points 共圆点con diti on 条件con ditio nal条件句；条件式conditional identity 条件恒等式con diti onal in equality 条件不等式conditional probability 条件概率cone锥；圆锥（体）con fide nee coefficie nt 置信系数con fide nee in terval 置信区间
con fide nee level 置信水平con fide nee limit 置信极限confocal section共焦圆锥曲con grue nee （1）全等；（2）同余con grue nee class 同余类con grue nt 全等con grue nt figures 全等图形con grue nt tria ngles 全等三角形conic二次曲；圆锥曲conic section二次曲;圆锥曲
coni cal pen dulum 圆锥摆conjecture 猜想conjugate 共轭conjugate axis 共轭
conjugate diameters 共轭车由
conjugate hyperbola 共轭（直）径
conjugate imaginary / complex number 共轭双曲
conjugate radical 共轭虚/复数
conjugate surd共轭根式；共轭不尽根conjun ctio n 合取conn ective 连词conn ector box 捙接框con secutive in tegers 连续整数con secutive nu mbers 连续数；相邻数con seque nee结论；推论con seque nt 条件；后项con servati on of energy 能量守恒conservation of momentum 动量守恒con served 守恒con siste ncy con diti on 相容条件con siste nt —贯的；相容的con siste nt estimator 相容估计量con sta nt 常数con sta nt accelerati on 恒加速度con sta nt force 恒力con sta nt of in tegrati on 积分常数con sta nt speed 恒速率con sta nt term 常项con sta nt velocity 怛速度con strai nt约束；约束条件con struct 作con struct ion 作图con struct ion of equati on 方程的设立continued proport ion 连比例continued ratio 连比continuity 连续性continu ity correct ion 连续校正con ti nu ous 连续的con ti nu ous data 连续数据continuous function 连续函数continu ous proport ion 连续比例con ti nu ous random variable 连续随机变量contradiction 矛盾con verge 收敛con verge nee 收敛性con verge nt 收敛的con verge nt iterati on 收敛的迭代con verge nt seque nee 收敛序歹U
con verge nt series 收敛级数
con verse 逆（定理）
con verse of a relati on 逆关系
con verse theorem 逆定理
con versio n 转换
convex 凸convex polygon 凸多边形convexity 凸性coord in ate 坐标coord in ate geometry解析几何；坐标几何coordi nate system坐标系系定理；系；推论copla nar 共面copla nar forces 共面力copla nar lines 共面co-prime互质；互素corollary系定理；系；推论correct to准确至；取值至correlati on 相关correlation coefficient 相关系数corresp ondence 对应corresponding angles （1）同位角；（2）对应角corresp onding eleme nt 对应边corresp onding sides 对应边coseca nt 余割cos ine余弦cos ine formula 余弦公式cost price 成本cota ngent 余切coun table 可数coun table set 可数集countably infinite 可数无限coun ter clockwise direct ion 逆时针方向；返时针方向coun ter example 反例coun ti ng数数；计数couple力偶
Carmer's rule克莱玛法则criterio n 准贝U critical point 临界点critical region 临界域cirtical value 临界值cross-multiplication 交叉相乘
cross-section横切面；横截面；截痕cube正方体；立方；立方体cube root立方根
cubic三次方；立方；三次（的）
cubic equati on 三次方程
cubic roots of unity 单位的立方根
cuboid长方体；矩体cumulative 累积的cumulative distributi on fun cti on 累积分布函数cumulative frequecy累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲cumulative frequc ncy distributi on 累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon累积频数多边形；累积频率直方图curvature of a curve 曲线的曲率curve曲线curve sketching 曲线描绘（法） curve tracing曲线描迹（法） curved line 曲线curved surface 曲面
curved surface area 曲面面积cyclic expressi on 输换式cyclic permutation 圆形排列cyclic quadrilateral 圆内接四边形cycloid旋输线；摆线cyli nder柱；圆柱体cylindrical圆柱形的damped oscillati on 阻尼振动data数据
De Moivre's theorem 棣美弗定理
De Morga n's law 德摩根律decago n十边形decay衰变decay factor 衰变因子decelerate 减速decelarati on 减速度decile十分位数decimal 小数decimal place 小数位decimal point 小数点decimal system 十进制decisi on box 判定框declarative sentence 说明语句declarative stateme nt 说明命题decodi ng 译码decrease 递减decreas ing function递减函数；下降函数decreas ing seque nee递减序列；下降序歹U
decreasing series 递减级数；下降级数decrement 减量deduce 演绎deduction 推论deductive reasoning 演绎推理definite 确定的；定的definite integral 定积分definition 定义degenerated conic section 降级锥曲线degree (1) 度; (2) 次degree of a polynomial 多项式的次数degree of accuracy 准确度degree of confidence 置信度degree of freedom 自由度degree of ODE 常微分方程次数degree of precision 精确度delete 删除; 删去denary number 十进数denominator 分母dependence (1)相关; (2) 应变dependent event(s) 相关事件; 相依事件; 从属事件dependent variable 应变量; 应变数depreciation 折旧derivable 可导derivative 导数derived curve 导函数曲线derived function 导函数derived statistics 推算统计资料; 派生统计资料descending order 递降序descending powers of x x 的降序descriptive statistics 描述统计学detached coefficients 分离系数(法) determinant 行列式deviation 偏差; 变差deviation from the mean 离均差diagonal 对角线diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diagram 图; 图表diameter 直径diameter of a conic 二次曲线的直径difference 差difference equation 差分方程difference of sets 差集differentiable 可微
differential 微分differential coefficient 微商; 微分系数differential equation 微分方程differential mean value theorem 微分中值定理differentiate 求...的导数differentiate from first principle 从基本原理求导数differentiation 微分法digit 数字dimension 量; 量网; 维
（数） direct impact 直接碰撞direct image 直接像direct proportion 正比例direct tax, direct taxation 直接税direct variation 正变（分）directed angle 有向角directed line 有向直线directed line segment 有向线段directed number 有向数direction 方向; 方位direction angle 方向角direction cosine 方向余弦direction number 方向数direction ratio 方向比directrix 准线
Dirichlet function 狄利克来函数discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous 间断（的）;连续（的）; 不连续（的） discontinuous point 不连续点discount 折扣discrete 分立; 离散discrete data 离散数据; 间断数据discrete random variable 间断随机变数discrete uniform distribution 离散均匀分布discriminant 判别式disjoint 不相交的disjoint sets 不相交的集disjunction 析取dispersion 离差displacement 位移disprove 反证distance 距离distance formula 距离公式distinct roots 相异根distincr solution 相异解
distribution 公布distributive law 分配律diverge 发散divergence 发散(性) divergent 发散的divergent iteration 发散性迭代divergent sequence 发散序列divergent series 发散级数divide 除dividend (1) 被除数；(2)股息divisible 可整除division 除法division algorithm 除法算式divisor 除数；除式；因子divisor of zero 零因子dodecagon 十二边形domain 定义域dot 点dot product 点积double angle 二倍角double angle formula 二倍角公式double root 二重根dual 对偶
duality (1) 对偶性; (2) 双重性due east/ south/ west /north 向东/ 南/
西/ 北dynamics 动力学eccentric angle 离心角eccentric circles 离心圆eccentricity 离心率echelon form 梯阵式echelon matrix 梯矩阵edge 棱；边efficient estimator 有效估计量effort 施力eigenvalue 本征值eigenvector 本征向量elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic force 弹力elasticity 弹性element 元素elementary event 基本事件elementary function 初等函数
elementary row operation 基本行运算elimination 消法elimination method 消去法；消元法ellipse 椭圆ellipsiod 椭球体elliptic function 椭圆函数elongation 伸张；展empirical data 实验数据empirical formula 实验公式empirical probability 实验概率；经验概率empty set 空集encoding 编码enclosure 界限end point 端点energy 能; 能量entire surd 整方根epicycloid 外摆线equal 相等equal ratios theorem 等比定理equal roots 等根equal sets 等集equality 等（式）equality sign 等号equation 方程equation in one unknown 一元方程equation in two unknowns （variables）二元方程equation of a straight line 直线方程equation of locus 轨迹方程equiangular 等角（的） equidistant 等距（的） equilateral 等边（的） equilateral polygon 等边多边形equilateral triangle 等边三角形equilibrium 平衡equiprobable 等概率的equiprobable space 等概率空间equivalence 等价equivalence class 等价类equivalence relation 等价关系equivalent 等价（的） error 误差error allowance 误差宽容度error estimate 误差估计
error term 误差项error tolerance 误差宽容度escribed circle 旁切圆estimate 估计；估计量estimator 估计量Euclidean algorithm 欧几里德算法Euclidean geometry 欧几里德几何Euler's formula 尤拉公式；欧拉公式evaluate 计值even function 偶函数even number 偶数evenly distributed 均匀分布的event 事件exact 真确exact differential form 恰当微分形式exact solution 准确解；精确解；真确解exact value 法确解；精确解；真确解example 例excentre 外心exception 例外excess 起exclusive 不包含exclusive disjunction 不包含性析取exclusive events 互斥事件exercise 练习exhaustive event(s) 彻底事件existential quantifier 存在量词expand 展开expand form 展开式expansion 展式expectation 期望expectation value, expected value 期望值；预期值experiment 实验；试验experimental 试验的experimental probability 实验概率explicit function 显函数exponent 指数exponential function 指数函数exponential order 指数阶; 指数级express …in terms of 以....... 表达
expression 式；数式extension 外延；延长；扩张；扩充extension of a function 函数的扩张exterior angle 外角
exter nal an gle bisector 夕卜分角external point of division 夕卜分点extreme point 极值点extreme value 极值extremum 极值face 面factor因子；因式；商
factor method因式分解法
factor theorem因子定理；因式定理factorial 阶乘
factorization因子分解；因式分解factorizati on of polyno mial 多项式因式分解fallacy 谬误
FALSE 假（的） falsehood 假值family 族
family of circles 圆族
family of concen tric circles 同心圆族
family of straight lines 直线族feasible solution可行解；容许解Fermat's last theorem费尔马最后定理
Fibonacci number斐波那契数；黄金分割数
Fib on acci seque nee斐波那契序歹U fictitious mea n假定平均数figure （1）图（形）；⑵数字fin al velocity 末速度finite有限
finite dimensional vector space 有限维向量空间finite population 有限总体
finite probability space 有限概率空间fin ite seque nee 有限序歹U fin ite series有限级数
finite set有限集
first approximation 首近似值
first derivative ——阶导数
first order differe ntial equati on ——阶微分方程first projection第——投影；第——射影first quartile第——四分位数
first term 首项
fixed deposit定期存款
fixed point 定点
fixed point iteration method 定点迭代法
fixed pulley 定滑轮flow chart流程图
focal axis 焦轴focal chord 焦弦focal length 焦距focus(foci) 焦点folium of Descartes 笛卡儿叶形线foot of perpendicular 垂足for all X 对所有X for each /every X 对每一X force 力forced oscillation 受迫振动form 形式；型formal proof 形式化的证明format 格式；规格formula(formulae) 公式four leaved rose curve 四瓣玫瑰线four rules 四则four-figure table 四位数表fourth root 四次方根fraction 分数；分式fraction in lowest term 最简分数fractional equation 分式方程fractional index 分数指数fractional inequality 分式不等式free fall 自由下坠free vector 自由向量; 自由矢量frequency 频数；频率frequency distribution 频数分布；频率分布frequency distribution table 频数分布表frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形friction 摩擦; 摩擦力frictionless motion 无摩擦运动frustum 平截头体fulcrum 支点function 函数function of function 复合函数；迭函数functional notation 函数记号fundamental theorem of algebra 代数基本定理fundamental theorem of calculus 微积分基本定理gain 增益；赚；盈利gain perent 赚率；增益率；盈利百分率game (1)对策；( 2)博奕
Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Gaussian elimination 高斯消去法general form 一般式；通式
gen eral solution 通解；一般解
gen eral term 通项
generating function 母函数;生成函数
generator⑴母线；⑵生成元geoborad几何板geometric distribution 几何分布geometric mea n几何平均数；等比中项geometric progressi on几何级数；等比级数geometric seque nee 等比序歹U geometric series 等比级数geometry几何；几何学give n给定；已知global全局；整体global maximum全局极大值；整体极大值global minimum 全局极小值；整体极小值golde n section 黄金分割grade等级gradie nt （1）斜率；倾斜率；（2）梯度grand total 总计graph 图像；图形；图表graph paper 图表纸graphical method 图解法graphical represe ntati on 图示；以图样表达graphical solution 图解gravitati onal accelerati on 重力加速度gravity 重力greatest term 最大项greatest value 最大值grid lines网网格线group 组；grouped data分组数据；分类数据group ing terms 并项；集项growth增长growth factor增长因子half an gle 半角half angle formula 半角公式half closed in terval 半闭区间half open interval 半开区间harmonic mean⑴调和平均数；（2）调和中项harm onic progressi on 调和级数
head正面（钱币）
height 高（度）helix螺旋线hemisphere半球体；半球
heptago n七边形
Heron's formula 希罗公式
heterogeneous (1)参差的；(2)不纯一的
hexago n六边形
higher order derivative 高阶导数
highest common factor(H.C.F)最大公因子；最高公因式；最高公因子Hindu-Arabic numeral 阿刺伯数字
histogram组织图；直方图；矩形图
Holder's In equality赫耳德不等式
homoge neous 齐次的
homoge neous equatio n 齐次方程
Hooke's law虎克定律
horizo ntal水平的；水平
horiz on tal asymptote 水平渐近线
horizontal component 水平分量
horizontal line横线；水平线
horiz on tal range 水平射程
hyperbola双曲线
hyperbolic function 双曲函数
hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布hypocycloid 内摆线
hypote nuse 斜边
hypothesis 假设
hypothesis test ing 假设检验
hypothetical syllogism 彳假设三段论hypotrochoid次内摆线idempote nt全幕等的ide ntical全等；恒等iden tity 等(式) iden tity eleme nt 单位元identity law 同一律identity mapping 恒等映射identity matrix 恒等矩阵identity relation 恒等关系式if and only if/iff当且仅当；若且仅若if…,ther若….则；如果…..则illustration 例证；说明image像点；像image axis 虚轴imaginary circle 虚圆imaginary number 虚数imaginary part 虚部imaginary root 虚根imaginary unit 虚数单位impact 碰撞implication 蕴涵式；蕴含式implicit definition 隐定义implicit function 隐函数imply 蕴涵；蕴含impossible event 不可能事件improper fraction 假分数improper integral 广义积分; 非正常积分impulse 冲量impulsive force 冲力incentre 内力incircle 内切圆inclination 倾角；斜角inclined plane 斜面included angle 夹角included side 夹边inclusion mapping 包含映射inclusive 包含的；可兼的inclusive disjunction 包含性析取；可兼析取inconsistent 不相的(的)；不一致(的) increase 递增；增加increasing function 递增函数increasing sequence 递增序列increasing series 递增级数increment 增量indefinite integral 不定积分idenfinite integration 不定积分法independence 独立；自变independent equations 独立方程independent event 独立事件independent variable 自变量；独立变量indeterminate (1) 不定的；(2)不定元；未定元indeterminate coefficient 不定系数；未定系数indeterminate form 待定型；不定型index,indices 指数；指index notation 指数记数法induced operation 诱导运算induction hypothesis 归纳法假设inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞inequality 不等式；不等inequality sign 不等号inertia 惯性；惯量infer 推断inference 推论
infinite 无限；无穷infinite dimensional 无限维infinite population 无限总体infinite sequence 无限序列；无穷序列infinite series 无限级数；无穷级数infinitely many 无穷多infinitesimal 无限小；无穷小infinity 无限（大）；无穷（大） inflection （inflexion） point 拐点；转折点inherent error 固有误差initial approximation 初始近似值initial condition 原始条件；初值条件initial point 始点；起点initial side 始边initial value 初值；始值initial velocity 初速度initial-value problem 初值问题injection 内射injective function 内射函数inner product 内积input 输入input box 输入inscribed circle 内切圆insertion 插入insertion of brackets 加括号instantaneous 瞬时的instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度in sta ntan eous speed 瞬时速率instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度integer 整数integrable 可积
integrable function 可积函数integral 积分integral index 整数指数integral mean value theorem 积数指数integral part 整数部份integral solution 整数解integral value 整数值integrand 被积函数integrate 积；积分； ...........的积分
integrating factor 积分因子integration 积分法integration by parts 分部积分法integration by substitution 代换积分法；换元积分法
in tegrati on con sta nt 积分常数
in teracti on相互作用
in tercept截距；截段
in tercept form 截距式
in tercept theorem 截线定理
in tercha nge 互换
in terest 禾U息
in terest rate 禾U率
in terest tax 利息税
interior angle 内角
in terior an gles on the same side of the tran sversal 同旁内角interior opposite angle 内对角
in termediate value theorem 介值定理
internal bisector 内分角
internal division 内分害9
internal en ergy 内能
internal force 内力
internal point of divisi on 内分点
interpolating polynomial 插值多项式
in terpolati on 插值
in ter-quartile range 四分位数间距
in tersect 相交
intersection⑴交集；（2）相交；（3）交点
in terval 区间
interval estimation 区间估计；区域估计
intuition 直观
in valid失效；无效
in varia nee 不变性
invariant （1）不变的；（2）不变量；不变式
in verse反的；逆的
in verse circular fun cti on 反三角函数
in verse cos ine fun ctio n 反余弦函数
in verse fun ctio n反函数；逆函数
in verse cos ine fun ctio n 反三角函数
in verse fu nctio n反函数；逆映射
in verse mapp ing反向映射；逆映射
in verse matrix 逆矩阵
in verse problem 逆算问题
in verse proporti on 反比例；逆比例
in verse relati on 逆关系
in verse si ne fun ctio n 反正弦函数
in verse tangent fun ctio n 反正切函数
in verse variati on 反变（分）；逆变（分）
invertible 可逆的
invertible matrix 可逆矩阵irrational equation 无理方程irrational number 无理数irreducibility 不可约性irregular 不规则isomorphism 同构isosceles triangle 等腰三角形iterate (1) 迭代值; (2)迭代iteration 迭代iteration form 迭代形iterative function 迭代函数iterative method 迭代法jet propulsion 喷气推进joint variation 联变(分)；连变(分) kinetic energy 动能kinetic friction 动摩擦known 己知L.H.S. 末项L'Hospital's rule 洛必达法则Lagrange interpolating polynomial 拉格朗日插值多项代Lagrange theorem 拉格朗日定理Lami's law 拉密定律Laplace expansion 拉普拉斯展式last term 末项latent root 本征根; 首通径lattice point 格点latus rectum 正焦弦; 首通径law 律；定律law of conservation of momentum 动量守恒定律law of indices 指数律；指数定律law of inference 推论律law of trichotomy 三分律leading coefficient 首项系数leading diagonal 主对角线least common multiple, lowest common multiple (L.C.M) 最小公倍数；最低公倍式least value 最小值left hand limit 左方极限lemma 引理lemniscate 双纽线length 长(度) letter 文字；字母like surd 同类根式like terms 同类项limacon 蜗牛线
limit极限
limit of seque nee序列的极限
limiti ng ease极限情况
limit ing frieti on 最大静摩擦
limiting position 极限位置
line线；行
line of action作用力线
line of best-fit 最佳拟合
line of greatest slope最大斜率的直；最大斜率
line of interseetion 交线
line segme nt 线段
linear线性；一次
lin ear con verge nee 线性收敛性
linear differeantial equation 线性微分方程
lin ear equation线性方程；一次方程
linear equation in two unknowns 二元一次方程；二元线性方程linear in equality 一次不等式；线性不等式
lin ear mome ntum 线动量
linear programming 线性规戈U
lin early depe nde nt 线性相关的
linearly independent 线性无关的
literal eoeffieient 文字系数
literal equati on 文字方程
load负荷
loaded eoin不公正钱币
loaded die不公正骰子
loeal maximum局部极大（值）
loeal minimum局部极小（值）
loeus, loei 轨迹
logarithm 对数
logarithmie equation 对数方程
logarithmie funetion 对数函数
logie逻辑
logieal deduetion逻辑推论；逻辑推理
logieal step逻辑步骤
long division method 长除法
loop回路
loss赔本；亏蚀
loss per cent赔率；亏蚀百分率
lower bound 下界
lower limit 下限
lower quartile下四分位数
lower sum 下禾口
lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵
lowest common multiple（L.C.M）最小公倍数mach ine 机械
Maclauri n expa nsion麦克劳林展开式Maclaurin series麦克劳林级数magn itude 量；数量；长度；大小major arc优弧；大弧major axis 长轴major sector优扇形；大扇形major segme nt优弓形；大弓形man tissa 尾数mantissa of logarithm 对数的尾数；对数的定值部many to one 多个对一个many-sided figure 多边形man y-valued 多值的map into 映入map on to 映上mapp ing 映射marked price 标价Markov chain马可夫链mass质量mathematical an alysis 数学分析mathematical induction 数学归纟纳法mathematical sentence 数句mathematics 数学matrix阵；矩阵matrix addition 矩阵加法matrix equati on 矩阵方程matrix multiplicati on 矩阵乘法matrix operati on 矩阵运算maximize 极大maximum absolute error 最大绝对误差maximum point 极大点maximum value 极大值mean平均（值）；平均数；中数mea n deviation中均差；平均偏差mea n value theorem 中值定理measure of dispers ion 差的量度measureme nt 量度mecha nical energy 机械能media n⑴中位数；（2）中线meet相交；相遇men surati on计量；求积法method方法method of completing square 酉己方法
method of interpolation 插值法; 内插法method of least squares 最小二乘法; 最小平方法method of substitution 代换法；换元法method of successive substitution 逐次代换法; 逐次调替法method of superposition 迭合法metric unit 十进制单位mid-point 中点mid-point formula 中点公式mid-point theorem 中点定理million 百万minimize 极小minimum point 极小点minimum value 极小值
Minkowski Inequality 闵可夫斯基不等式minor (1) 子行列式；(2) 劣；较小的minor。