2019-2020学年济宁市任城区第一中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年济宁市任城区第一中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答
案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
If you are looking for recommendations on biographies(传记) that will educate you, comedies that will make your belly ache or stories that present the unique challenges women face every day, read on.
“Pride and Prejudice”by Jane Austen
A classic thatnever gets old. Set in ruralEnglandin the early 19th century, this tale centers around the Bennet family, a family of five daughters and their two parents who are desperate to find at least one of the daughters a wealthy match. Austen’s story focuses on the tension between marrying for love instead of just for power and fame, and also the unique pressure on women to find financial security by way of marriage at the time.
“Women in Science: 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the WorldWomen in Science: 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World”by Rachel Ignotofsky
It is a sweetly illustrated and educational book that highlights the contributions of 50 women in the fields of technology, science, engineering and mathematics, from present day all the way back to 360 AD.
“Good Night Stories for Rebel GirlsGood Night Stories for Rebel Girls”by Elena Favilli
It tells the stories of female heroes from years ago and present day. With color1 portraits and biographies that are short and sweet, this book is a page-turner for anyone wanting to learn about influential women in the past and present.
“Becoming”by Michelle Obama
We wouldn’t be able to write this list without including Michelle Obama’s memoir. “Becoming” has the former FLOTUS discussing her childhood, family, motherhood, her own FLOTUS impact, the pressures of being part of the first Black family in the White House and balancing her public life now. And of course she writes all about meeting her husband and the many unique challenges they faced too.
1. What didthe Bennetsintend to do?
A.To marry their daughters to rich men.
B.To lessen pressure on their daughters.
C. To help their daughters marry for true love.
D. To make their daughters financially independent.
2. Whose book will attract a teen interested in science?
A. Jane Austen’s.
B.Rachel Ignotofsky’s.
C.Elena Favilli’s.
D.Michelle Obama’s.
3.What do the four books have in common?
A.They are all classics.
B.They are all biographies.
C.They are all related to the female.
D. They are all about heroes.
B
Every day in the United States animals are beaten, ignored, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in poor conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the mercy they deserve. Some are found and rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be; others aren't so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused(受虐待的) animals’ rights and seriously punish heartless owners.
One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is to know what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. The first involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of ignorance or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less serious, but that is not the case; it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and finally death. Examples include starvation, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty is sometimes due to the owner's ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate ignorant owners on how to properly care for animals before giving them a citation(传票) or putting them in prison.
Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well-known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abuse involves purposeful harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person has serious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence---possibly against humans.
It is hard to tell just what drives people to harm innocent animals. Most animal abusers find some sort of achievement or power in torturing a victim that they know can't fight back. While not all animal abusers become serial killers, it is important to take every case seriously.
As a nation we need to make it our right to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
4. What is the first step to do with the passive cruelty abusers?
A. To throw them into prison.
B. To bring the case to the court.
C. To teach them how to treat animals.
D. To give them a strong warning.
5. We can learn from Para.3 that active cruelty ______.
A. is actually a sign of power or control
B. has been taken seriously in the nation
C. may lead to serious psychological problems
D. may cause acts of violence against humans
6. What is the author’s attitude towards animal cruelty?
A. Uncertain.
B. Doubtful.
C. Concerned.
D. Pessimistic.
7. The author wrote this passage to ______.
A. warn those heartless pet owners
B. tell people the harm of animal cruelty
C. explain the reasons why people harm animals
D. call on people to fight for the abused animals
C
Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.
All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.
But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.
It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about
feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.
In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.
We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?
An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.
If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.
However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.
8. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?
A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.
B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.
C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.
D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.
9. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?
A. The public.
B. The incentive initiators.
C. The peer researchers.
D. The high-impact journal editors.
10. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.
B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.
C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.
D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.
11. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?
A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.
B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.
C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.
D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.
D
Poaching and habitat loss have threatened Africa's two species of elephants, taking them closer toward the edge of disappearance, according to a new report released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).
Before this update, Africa's elephants were grouped together and were evaluated as vulnerable by the IUCN. This is the first time the two species have been sorted separately. In the past, elephants were mostly considered as either Asian elephants or African elephants. Forest and savanna elephants were typically classified as subspecies of African elephants.
The African forest elephant is now listed as critically endangered and the African savanna elephant as endangered. The number of African forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a 31 -year assessment period. The population of African savanna elephants dropped by at least 60% over the last 50 years, according to the IUCN, which tracks the assessment risk of the world's animals. Africa currently has an estimated 415,000 elephants, counting the two species together.
Both elephant species experienced significant population decreases because of poaching. Although it peaked in 2011, illegal hunting still happens and continues to threaten elephant populations. African elephants also face continued habitat loss as their land isconvertedfor agriculture or other uses.
There is some good conservation news, the IUCN points out. Anti-poaching measures, combined with better land use planning to support better human-wildlife relationships, have helped conservation efforts. Some forest elephant population figures have stabilized in well-managed areas in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and savanna population figures have remained stable or have been growing, particularly in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area in southern Africa.
But with constant demand for ivory and increasing human pressures on Africa's wild lands, concern for
Africa's elephants is high, and the need to creatively conserve and wisely manage these animals and their habitats is more severe than ever.
12. What can be inferred from the new report about African elephants?
A. They are divided into three kinds.
B. They are dying out.
C. Their threat is mainly from poaching.
D. Their population has grown in Africa.
13. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 3?
A. The detailed number of African elephants.
B. The similarities of African elephants.
C. The different types of African elephants.
D. The present situation of African elephants.
14. What does the underlined word "converted" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Expanded.
B. Protected.
C. Transformed.
D. Forbidden.
15. What's the authors attitude to the present situation of African elephants?
A. Hopeless.
B. Optimistic.
C. Uncertain.
D. Worried.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Columbus Day is on the second Monday of October, in the United States.____16____.That means mostfederal offices are closed.
The holiday honors the first visit to America by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. Columbus thought he could reach the Far East by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe. He was right, but he was also wrong. He thought the world was much smaller than it is.____17____.
Columbus and his crew arrived in October 1492 on an island they called San Salvador, in today's Bahamas. They explored that island and nearby islands now known as Cuba and Hispaniola.____18____. That is why he called the people who lived on the islands “Indians”。

____19____, even though local plants where he explored were unknown in Europe or Asia, and native people did not understand any languages spoken in the East.
Columbus made several other trips to what was called the New World. He saw the coast of South America and the island of Jamaica.
During his trips, Columbus explored islands and waterways, searching for a passage to the Indies. He never found it.____20____. Yet, he always believed he had found the Indies.
A. It is a federal holiday
B. Columbus treated native people badly
C. He refused to accept he was wrong about the geography
D. Nor did he find spices or great amounts of gold as he had hoped
E. Other European explorers did land inwhat is now the United States
F. He did not imagine that another continent lay between Europe and East Asia
G. Columbus believed these were the coastal islands of East Asia, then called the Indies
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I was walking home from school one day and it happened to be a particularly cold and windy day. It was____21____and I was crazy enough to forget my hats and scarf. You can imagine my cheeks were rosy____22____and my hands were as numb as they can be.
All of a sudden, an old lady____23____up beside me and asked if I would like a ride____24____. I said it was OK and her____25____smile melted (融化) away the thought that I should never talk to____26____! We had an amazing chat and she was just____27____a good woman. She told me her____28____and she dropped me off.
I didn’t see her or talk to her for about a month and one night as I____29____herkind gesture, I decided to return the favor. So, I made a lot of______30______and walked down to her house with my friend. At first I was a bit______31______she wouldn’t remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies but luckily, I was______32______wrong. She was so happy, and she hugged me and kissed me and seemed so______33______that someone would do something like that!
When I got home my mom told me that she______34______and told my mom on the phone that she______35______because she was so touched. She said she would never______36______the kindness that was given to her! That filled me with such______37______! There really is nothing else joyful like helping______38______and making someone’s day______39______!
Let us never______40______the joy we get by giving others a hand!
21. A. blowing B. freezing C. flowing D. flying
22. A. red B. pure C. white D. pale
23. A. picked B. turned C. drove D. took
24. A. hospital B. family C. school D. home
25. A. warm B. easy C. simple D. strange
26. A. women B. drivers C. strangers D. neighbors
27. A. so B. such C. that D. as
28. A. numbers B. car C. family D. address
29. A. remembered B. forgot C. repeated D. regretted
30. A. bread B. salad C. cookies D. sweets
31. A. upset B. disappointed C. confused D. worried
32. A. generally B. completely C. hardly D. usually
33. A. puzzled B. surprised C. satisfied D. fearful
34. A. visited B. came C. drove D. called
35. A. cried B. slept C. left D. laughed
36. A. permit B. pardon C. forget D. imagine
37. A. sadness B. interest C. puzzle D. happiness
38. A. others B. the other C. another D. other
39. A. busier B. brighter C. easier D. harder
40. A. expect B. take C. forget D. misunderstand
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
My friend and I took a two-hour ferry ride from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to Stone Town, Zanzibar. We headed to its famous spice (香料) farms. Cloves, peppers, cinnamon and ginger___41.___(be) just a few of the spices___42.___grow there and we learned a lot about them. After the tour, we went to the seafood market.___43.___was satisfying to pick out some crab and fish for the cooks to prepare. Then we went to bed fat and happy. The next day we went to stay at a beach___44.___(call) Paje. We swam, read and danced to African music there.
Very early on the morning of the third day, we___45.___(journey) to the island’s southern tip. The guide told us the dolphin came every morning to eat and play. So we rode out and waited in the boat until we saw a dolphin fin. The guide drove the boat near the dolphins and asked us___46.___(jump) in. So we did! The dolphin was shy, but___47.___(eventual) they swam closer. One came so close and I could have touched it!
After that, we returned to Stone Town to explore the big old houses. Hundreds of years ago, the city was a huge trading port. All shipments___48.___(go) east to the Indian Ocean stopped in Stone Town. The city was rich, and___49.___(wealth) people built big houses with beautiful doors. I also visited a museum there and learned how Zanzibar had been influenced by the Kingdom of Oman. That is___50.___the people look like they are from North Africa.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改:在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Jack,
Welcome to my school! Upon your arrival, there will be a party for you organizing by my classmates. You may attend to English classes to feel a differently learning style. After that, you can go to your host family that you can experience the Chinese way of life. You can have meals together chatting about whatever interest you.
The host family will also show you off some famous scenic spots. You can see people selling kites everywhere because our city was home to kites．There are varieties of kites to choose. So isn’t that a good idea to buy some for your friends? Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule．
Yours,
Li Hua 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，是新华中学高二・2班学生。

你校最近举行了学校篮球赛，你班获得冠军。

请你给英国笔友Alan写一封邮件，介绍篮球赛决赛情况。

邮件内容包括：
1.比赛的经过；
2.你在比赛中担任的角色（如球员、观众等）；
3.你的感受。

注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.结尾已为你写好。

Dear Alan,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
A B C
[语篇导读]
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. D
9. A 10. D 11. B 12. A
16. A 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. D
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32.
B 33. B 34. D 35. A 36.
C 37.
D 38. A 39. B 40. C
41. are
42. that/which
43. It 44. called
45. journeyed
46. to jump
47. eventually
48. going 49. wealthy
50. why
51.(1).organizing→organized
(2).attend 去掉to
(3).differently→different
(4).that→where
(5).interest→interests
(6).off→around
(7).was→is
(8). choose 后加from
(9). that→it
(10). unless→if/when
52.略。