Media Fact or Fable(2)
2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)试卷与参考答案
2025年研究生考试考研英语(二204)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word or phrase to fill in each of the blanks. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose one answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The rise of the Internet and social media has dramatically changed the way people communicate. (1) __________, these technological advancements have brought both benefits and challenges.1.A. HoweverB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. ThereforeIn the past, communication was primarily (2)__________through letters and phone calls, which were time-consuming and limited in terms of (3) __________.2.A. conductedB. transmittedC. exchangedD. achieved3.A. speedB. reachC. clarityD. frequencyToday, (4)__________communication is instantaneous and allows for global connectivity. People can (5)__________with anyone, anywhere in the world, in just a few clicks.4.A. oralB. writtenC. digitalD. visual5.A. interactB. correspondC. correspond withD. communicateHowever, (6)__________these advantages, there are concerns about the quality of communication. The (7)__________of communication through social media can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations.6.A. DespiteB. In light ofC. ConsideringD. Given7.A. speedB. volumeC. diversityD. complexityFor instance, (8)__________language often lacks the nuances and subtleties that are present in face-to-face interactions, which can (9)__________to miscommunication.8.A. informalB. formalC. writtenD. spoken9.A. contributeB. resultC. leadD. deriveMoreover, the (10)__________of social media can also have negative impacts on mental health. Excessive use of social media can lead to (11)__________and feelings of isolation.10.A. convenienceB. popularityC. accessibilityD. prevalence11.A. anxietyB. depressionC. fatigueD. stressTo mitigate these negative effects, it is important for individuals to(12)__________their use of social media and focus on(13)__________communication.12.A. controlB. reduceC. manageD. limit13.A. digitalB. writtenC. verbalD. face-to-faceIn conclusion, while the Internet and social media have revolutionized communication, it is crucial to recognize both the benefits and the challenges they present. By being mindful of our communication habits and seeking a balance, we can harness the power of technology while protecting our mental well-being.14.A. HoweverB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Therefore15.A. conductedB. transmittedC. exchangedD. achieved16.A. speedB. reachC. clarityD. frequency17.A. oralB. writtenC. digitalD. visual18.A. interactB. correspondC. correspond withD. communicate19.A. DespiteB. In light ofC. ConsideringD. Given20.A. speedB. volumeC. diversityD. complexityAnswers:1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.A7.B8.A9.C10.D11.B12.C13.D14.A15.A16.B17.C18.A19.A20.B二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way people shop, creating both opportunities and challenges for businesses. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, wide variety of products, and competitive pricing. However, this shift has also led to the closure of many brick-and-mortar stores and has raised concerns about the future of traditional retail.1、Why has online shopping become increasingly popular?A. It is less convenient than traditional shopping.B. It offers a wider variety of products.C. It is more expensive than traditional shopping.D. It is less competitive than traditional shopping.2、What is one of the main reasons for the closure of many brick-and-mortar stores?A. The rise of e-commerce.B. Increased competition from other businesses.C. Higher operating costs.D. Lack of customer interest.3、What concerns have been raised about the future of traditional retail?A. The decline in sales at physical stores.B. The potential loss of jobs in the retail sector.C. The reduction in customer satisfaction.D. The increase in the number of online scams.4、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of online shopping?A. It requires customers to leave their homes.B. It offers limited customer service options.C. It can lead to a decrease in the variety of products.D. It is more time-consuming than traditional shopping.5、What is the author’s main point about the impact of e-commerce on traditional retail?A. E-commerce is solely beneficial to consumers.B. E-commerce is causing the demise of traditional retail.C. E-commerce and traditional retail are complementary to each other.D. The impact of e-commerce on traditional retail is minimal.Answers:1.B2.A3.B4.B5.B第二题Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions below.In the age of information, the way we consume and process information has undergone a dramatic transformation. The advent of the internet and digital technology has revolutionized the way we access knowledge, communicate, and learn. One of the most significant changes is the shift from traditional print media to digital media.1、The first paragraph of the passage introduces the topic of:A. The impact of digital technology on traditional media.B. The evolution of information consumption over time.C. The role of the internet in modern society.D. The challenges of digital literacy in the information age.2、According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the transformation in information consumption?A. There has been a gradual shift from print media to digital media.B. There has been a complete elimination of print media.C. The consumption of both print and digital media has decreased.D. The popularity of print media has remained consistent.3、The author mentions “the advent of the internet and digital technology” as a significant factor. What does this imply about their impact?A. They have had a minimal impact on our lives.B. They have revolutionized the way we access and process information.C. They have only affected certain segments of the population.D. They have been detrimental to our ability to learn.4、The passage suggests that the shift to digital media has led to:A. An increase in the amount of time people spend reading.B. A decrease in the quality of information available.C. A more diverse range of information sources.D. A reliance on technology for all forms of learning.5、What is the overall tone of the passage?A. CriticalB. NeutralC. EnthusiasticD. PessimisticAnswers:1、B2、A3、B4、C5、B第三题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has dramatically changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe. However, this convenience has come at a cost, as social media has also been linked to various negative effects on mental health.1、The passage mentions several social media platforms. Which of the following is NOT mentioned?A. FacebookB. LinkedInC. TwitterD. Instagram2、According to the passage, what is the primary concern regarding social media’s impact on mental health?A. It increases productivity in the workplace.B. It enhances social connections.C. It has a negative impact on mental health.D. It improves communication skills.3、The author suggests that the convenience of social media is:A. the only benefit of using these platforms.B. outweighed by its negative effects.C. a minor aspect of social media use.D. the main reason for its widespread popularity.4、Which of the following is an example of a negative effect of social media on mental health mentioned in the passage?A. Improved job opportunities.B. Increased self-esteem.C. Higher levels of stress and anxiety.D. Enhanced creativity.5、The author’s tone towards social media can best be described as:A. enthusiastic and supportive.B. critical and concerned.C. neutral and objective.D. negative and dismissive.Answers:1、B2、C3、B4、C5、B第四题Reading Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.In the United States, the history of women’s education dates back to thecolonial period. During this time, most women were educated at home, with the help of their mothers and other family members. However, as the country grew and the demand for educated women increased, the need for formal education for women also grew. The first women’s college, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, w as founded in 1837 by Mary Lyon. This college was a significant step in the history of women’s education, as it provided a place for women to receive a higher education.After the Civil War, the number of women’s colleges in the United States increased dramatically. Many of these colleges were founded by women who were educated themselves and believed that education was essential for women’s advancement. One of the most influential women’s colleges during this time was Vassar College, founded in 1861. Vassar was the first college in the United States to offer a co-educational curriculum.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the role of women in society began to change. As more women entered the workforce, the need for higher education became even more important. Women’s colleges began to offer more professional and vocational programs to prepare women for careers in medicine, law, and other fields. This period also saw the rise of the women’s suffrage movement, which advocated for women’s right to vote. The fight for suffrage brought women together and highlighted the importance of education in achieving equality.The 20th century was a time of significant change for women’s education. The number of women attending college increased dramatically, and the numberof women earning college degrees also grew. In 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments was passed, which prohibited discrimination based on sex in any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. This law had a profoun d impact on women’s education, as it opened the door for more women to participate in higher education and pursue their careers.Today, women’s education has become an integral part of American society. Women are attending college and earning degrees in all fields of study. The history of women’s education in the United States is a testament to the determination and resilience of women who have fought for the right to be educated.1、What was the main purpose of the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary?A、To educate men.B、To provide a place for women to receive a higher education.C、To train women for teaching.D、To offer vocational programs.2、What was the significance of Vassar College during the post-Civil War period?A、It was the first college to offer a co-educational curriculum.B、It was the first women’s college to offer professional and vocational programs.C、It was the first college to admit African American students.D、It was the first college to offer a degree in women’s studies.3、What impact did the women’s suffrage movement have on women’s education?A、It led to the creation of more women’s colleges.B、It highlighted the importance of education in achieving equality.C、It resulted in the passage of Title IX.D、It reduced the number of women attending college.4、How did Title IX of the Education Amendments affect women’s education?A、It increased the number of women attending college.B、It reduced the number of women attending college.C、It had no impact on women’s education.D、It increased the number of women earning college degrees.5、What is the main point of the passage?A、The history of women’s education in the United States is a testament to the determination and resilience of women.B、Women’s education has always been a prio rity in the United States.C、The United States has always had a high percentage of women attending college.D、The role of women in society has not changed over time.三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Reading Comprehension Part B (New Type)PassageIn the era of digital transformation, the role of data analytics indecision-making has become increasingly significant. Organizations across various sectors are leveraging data analytics to gain insights, predict trends, and improve their operations. However, with the exponential growth of data, the need for skilled professionals in data analytics has surged. This passage discusses the importance of data analytics in modern business and the skills required to excel in this field.QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.PassageData analytics is the process of examining large sets of data to uncover meaningful patterns, trends, and insights. It involves various techniques, such as statistical analysis, data mining, and machine learning, to extract valuable information from raw data. In today’s business environment, data analytics plays a crucial role in several aspects:1.Strategic Decision-Making: Data analytics enables businesses to make informed decisions based on factual evidence rather than intuition or guesswork. By analyzing historical data, companies can identify trends and patterns that may not be apparent through traditional analysis methods.2.Customer Insights: Understanding customer behavior is vital for businesses to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance customer satisfaction. Data analytics can help businesses uncover insights into customer preferences, buying habits, and feedback, leading to personalized marketing campaigns and improved customer experiences.3.Operational Efficiency: Data analytics can streamline business operations by identifying inefficiencies and suggesting improvements. For instance, analyzing supply chain data can help organizations optimize inventory levels and reduce costs.4.Predictive Modeling: Predictive analytics, a subset of data analytics, involves using historical data to make predictions about future events. This can be particularly useful in industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail, where anticipating future trends can lead to competitive advantages.Questions1.What is the primary purpose of data analytics in business decision-making?A. To enhance creativity and innovation.B. To base decisions on factual evidence.C. To eliminate the need for research.D. To provide entertainment for employees.2.According to the passage, how can data analytics benefit customer satisfaction?A. By reducing customer interaction.B. By providing personalized marketing campaigns.C. By increasing the number of competitors.D. By decreasing customer feedback.3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect where data analytics can improve business operations?A. Supply chain management.B. Marketing strategies.C. Employee training.D. Inventory optimization.4.What is the main advantage of predictive analytics over traditional analysis methods?A. It requires less historical data.B. It can be used for a wider range of industries.C. It provides more accurate predictions.D. It is less time-consuming.5.Why is data analytics becoming increasingly important in modern business?A. Due to the decline in data availability.B. Due to the rise in data volume.C. Due to the decrease in skilled professionals.D. Due to the elimination of traditional analysis methods.Answers1.B. To base decisions on factual evidence.2.B. By providing personalized marketing campaigns.3.C. Employee training.4.C. It provides more accurate predictions.5.B. Due to the rise in data volume.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题3分，共15分）第一题Translate the following passage into English.原文：“随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的渠道越来越多样化。
专题05 非谓语动词(原卷版)-三年(2022-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编
7.（2023年新高考I卷语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
年份
卷别
动词不定式
三年（16考）
过去分词
三年（10考）
现在分词与动名词
三年（15考）
命题趋势
2024
新高考I卷
to give
closed
engineering
动词不定式：
1.考查不定式的句法功能（做目的状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。
2.不定式的固定搭配和句型。
过去分词：
1.考查过去分词形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语）。
浙江卷1月
to continue
changing
北京卷
supposed
天津卷
To keep
allowing
考点01动词不定式
2024届高三英语一轮复习人教版(2019)必修第三册单词汇总听写课件
• faint
[feɪnt]
• illustrate
[ˈɪləstreɪt]
• precious
[ˈprɛʃəs]
• entrust
[ɪnˈtrʌst]
• carry...through...
• marriage
[ˈmærɪʤ]
• majority
[məˈʤɒrɪti]
• complain
[kəmˈpleɪn]
• n.&vt.尊重、尊敬 • adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏
的
• 成人节
Unit2 Morals and Virtues
Words and Expressions
• moral
[ˈmɒrəl]
• virtue
[ˈvɜːtjuː]
• dilemma
[dɪˈlɛmə]
• moral dilemma [ˈmɒrəl dɪˈlɛmə]
(在一定范围内)变化 • 包括从……到……之间 • n.起源；起因；出身 • n.宗教；宗教信仰 • adj.宗教的，笃信宗教的
• n.人物；数字；身材；vt.认为；认 定
• n.魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 • n.高兴；喜悦 • adj.高兴的；快乐的 • n.感激之情；感谢 • n.收获季节；收货；收成；vi.收割
vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是 • n.袍服；礼袍 • n.雕 • n.优美；优雅；高尚 • adv.绝对地；完全地
• n.片刻；瞬间 • n.帐篷 • n.罐； 壶； 锅 • adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的 • n.树枝；分支；又流 • n.婚礼；结婚庆典 • vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌；n.鼓掌；
拍手；掌声
• fable
[ˈfeɪbl]
主讲课文 What Makes Mainstream Media Mainstream
Unit 1: Fact or FableText I What Makes Mainstream Media Mainstream1Noam Chomsky[1] Part of the reason why I write about the media is because I am interested in the whole intellectual culture, and the part of it that is easiest to study is the media. It comes out every day. You can do a systematic investigation. You can compare yesterday’s version to today’s version. There is a lot of evidence about what’s played up and what isn’t and the way things are structured.[2] My impression is the media aren’t very different from scholarship or from, say, journals of intellectual opinion—there are some extra constraints—but it’s not radically different. They interact, which is why people go up and back quite easily among them. You want to study the media the way, say, a scientist would study some complex molecule or something. You take a look at its internal institutional structure and then make some hypothesis based on the structure as to what the media product is likely to look like. Then you investigate the media product and see how well it conforms to the hypotheses. Virtually all work in media analysis is this last part—trying to study carefully just what the media product is and whether it conforms to obvious assumptions about the nature and structure of the media.[3] Well, what do you find? First of all, you find that there are different media which do different things, like the entertainment/Hollywood, soap operas, and so on, or even most of the newspapers in the country (the overwhelming majority of them). They are directing the mass audience.[4] There is another sector of the media, the elite media, sometimes called the agenda-setting media because they are the ones with the big resources, they set the framework in which everyone else operates. The New Y ork Times and CBS, that kind of thing. Their audience is mostly privileged people. The people who read the New York Times—people who are wealthy or part of what is sometimes called the political class—they are actually involved in the political system in an ongoing fashion. They are basically managers of one sort or another. They can be political managers, business managers (like corporate executives or that sort of thing), doctoral managers (like university professors), or other journalists who are involved in organizing the way people think and look at things.[5] The elite media set a framework within which others operate. If you are watching the Associated Press, who grind out a constant flow of news, in the mid-afternoon it breaks and there is something that comes along every day that says "Notice to Editors: Tomorrow’s New York Times is going to have the following stories on the front page." The point of that is, if you’re an editor of a newspaper in Dayton, Ohio○1 and you don’t have the resources to figure out what the news is, or you don’t want to think about it anyway, this tells you what the news is. These are the stories for the quarter page that you are going to devote to something other than local affairs or diverting your audience. These are the stories that you put there because 1This text is adapted from “What Makes Mainstream Media Mainstream” by Noam Chomsky, Z Magazine, Oct. 1997.that’s what the New York Times tells us is what you’re supposed to care about tomorrow. If you are an editor in Dayton, Ohio, you would sort of have to do that, because you don’t have much else in the way of resources. If you get off line, if you’re producing stories that the big press doesn’t like, you’ll hear about it pretty soon. In fact, what just happened at San Jose Mercury News is a dramatic example of this○2. So there are a lot of ways in which power plays can drive you right back into line if you move out. If you try to break the mold, you’re not going to last long. That framework works pretty well, and it is understandable that it is just a reflection of obvious power structures.[6] The real mass media are basically trying to divert people. Let them do something else, but don’t bother us (us being the people who run the show). Let them get interested in professional sports, for example. Let everybody be crazed about professional sports or sex scandals or the personalities and their problems or something like that. Anything, as long as it isn’t serious. Of course, the serious stuff is for the big guys. "We" take care of that.[7] What are the elite media, the agenda-setting ones? The New York Times and CBS, for example. Well, first of all, they are major, very profitable, corporations. Furthermore, most of them are either linked to, or outright owned by, much bigger corporations, like General Electric, Westinghouse○3, and so on. They are way up at the top of the power structure of the private economy which is a very tyrannical structure. Corporations are basically tyrannies, hierarchic, controlled from above. If you don’t like what they are doing you get out. The major media are just part of that system.[8] What about their institutional setting? Well, that’s more or less the same. What they interact with and relate to is other major power centers—the government, other corporations, or the universities. Because the media are a doctrinal system they interact closely with the universities. Say you are a reporter writing a story on Southeast Asia or Africa, or something like that. Y ou’re supposed to go over to the big university and find an expert who will tell you what to write, or else go to one of the foundations, like Brookings Institute○4or American Enterprise Institute○5 and they will give you the words to say. These outside institutions are very similar to the media.[9] The universities, for example, are not independent institutions. There may be independent people scattered around in them but that is true of the media as well. And it’s generally true of corporations. It’s true of Fascist states, for that matter. But the institution itself is parasitic. It’s dependent on outside sources of support and those sources of support, such as private wealth, big corporations with grants, and the government (which is so closely interlinked with corporate power you can barely distinguish them), they are essentially what the universities are in the middle of. People within them, who don’t adjust to that structure, who don’t accept it and internalize it (you can’t really work with it unless you internalize it, and believe it); people who don’t do that are likely to be weeded out along the way, starting from kindergarten, all the way up. There are all sorts of filtering devices to get rid of people who are a pain in the neck and think independently. Those of you who have been through college know that the educational system is very highly geared to rewarding conformity andobedience; if you don’t do that, you are a troublemaker. So, it is kind of a filtering device which ends up with people who really honestly (they aren’t lying) internalize the framework of belief and attitudes of the surrounding power system in the society. The elite institutions like, say, Harvard and Princeton and the small upscale colleges, for example, are very much geared to socialization. If you go through a place like Harvard, most of what goes on there is teaching manners; how to behave like a member of the upper classes, how to think the right thoughts, and so on.[10] Okay, you look at the structure of that whole system. What do you expect the news to be like? Well, it’s pretty obvious. Take the New York Times. It’s a corporation and sells a product. The product is audiences. They don’t make money when you buy the newspaper. They are happy to put it on the worldwide web for free. They actually lose money when you buy the newspaper. But the audience is the product. The product is privileged people, just like the people who are writing the newspapers, you know, top-level decision-making people in society. You have to sell a product to a market, and the market is, of course, advertisers (that is, other businesses). Whether it is television or newspapers, or whatever, they are selling audiences. Corporations sell audiences to other corporations. In the case of the elite media, it’s big businesses.[11] Well, what do you expect to happen? What would you predict about the nature of the media product, given that set of circumstances? What would be the null hypothesis, the kind of conjecture that you’d make assuming nothing further. The obvious assumption is that the product of the media, what appears, what doesn’t appear, the way it is slanted, will reflect the interest of the buyers and sellers, the institutions, and the power systems that are around them. If that wouldn’t happen, it would be kind of a miracle.(Total Words: 1463)New Words and Expressionsmolecule/ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/ n. the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature分子outright /'autrait/ a. & ad. complete and total 完全的（地）doctrinal /dɒkˈtraɪnl/ a. (formal) relating to a doctrine or doctrines教义的，学说的parasitic /ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk/ a. (of a person) always relying on or benefiting from other people and giving nothing back寄生的conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃə(r)/ n. & v. an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing猜想slanted /ˈslɑːntɪd/a. tending to be in favor of one person or thing in a way that may be unfair to others 有倾向性的play sth up to try to make sth seem more important than it is 夸大…的重要性；渲染grind sth out to produce sth with great efforts 努力地制造出get off line to become strayed from the guidelines or rules 偏离正轨be crazed about having strong feelings and lacking control with sth为…狂热、着迷Fascist states countries that follow facism法西斯国家weed sth/sb out to remove or get rid of people or things from a group because they are not wanted or are less good than the rest 清除；淘汰a pain in the neck sth/sb that is unpleasant to deal with 令人讨厌的人或事gear sth to/towards[usually passive]to make, change or prepare sth so that it is suitable for a particular purpose 适应null hypothesis the idea that an experiment that is done using two groups of people will show the same results for each group无效假设有缘学习更多＋谓ｙｇｄ３０７６考证资料。
四级考试英语词汇速记18-女明星
f是“范”的拼音首字母，可以联想成范范。
娱乐圈里就有一个很火的女明星姓范，所以我给范范创造了一个御姐的角色，就是下面这个角色啦。
fable [ˈfeɪbl]n. 传说；寓言，童话；无稽之谈；v. 讲故事=f + able=范范+ 有能力联想：范范有能力讲故事和寓言。
例句：Fables can be understood on various levels. 寓言可从不同的角度去理解。
fold [foʊld]v. 折叠；抱住；笼罩；n. 褶痕=f + old=范范+ 老联想：范范帮助老人折叠衣服。
例句：The table folds up when not in use. 这桌子不用时可以折叠起来。
fear [fɪr]n./v. 害怕；n. 可能性；v. 敬畏；忧虑=f + ear=范范+ 耳朵联想：范范耳朵没了，她害怕了。
例句：I could feel a knot of fear in my throat. 我很害怕，感到喉咙发紧。
fearful [ˈfɪrfl]adj. 胆怯的；害怕的，担心的；吓人的，可怕的=fear + ful形容词后缀=害怕+ 的=害怕的例句：She was fearful that she would fail. 她生怕失败。
fair [fer]adj. 合理的；恰当的；适当的；公平的；美丽的；浅色的；白皙的=f + air=范范+ 空中联想：范范在空中唱歌是非常公平合理的，也是非常恰当而美丽的。
例句：They'll respect you as long as you play fair. 只要为人正直，别人就会尊敬你。
fairly [ˈferli]adv. 公平地；适当，相当地；完全，简直；清楚地=fair + ly副词后缀=公平的变副词=公平地例句：We'll have to leave fairly soon. 我们不久得离开。
affair [əˈfer]n. 事情，事件；事务；风流韵事；私事=af + fair=阿芙拼首+ 美丽的联想：阿芙和美丽的人有风流韵事，但这个事情是她的私事。
新人教版教材高中英语必修三词汇表
实用文档新人教版教材高中英语必修三词汇表-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1人教版高中英语新教材词汇表必修三Unit 1ntern n. 灯笼;提灯2.carnival n. 狂欢节;嘉年华3.costume n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏装4.dress (sb) up穿上盛装;装扮5.march vi.＆n.行进;前进;示威游行6.congratulation n. 祝贺;恭喜7.congratulate vt. 向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪8.riddle n. 迷语;神秘事件9.ceremony n. 典礼;仪式10.s amba n. 桑巴舞;桑巴舞曲11.m ake-up n. 化妆品;性格;构成方式12.a fter all毕竟;别忘了13.r ange n. 一系列;范围，界限vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化14.r ange from…to…包括从…到…之间15.o rigin n. 起源;起因;出身16.r eligion n. 宗教;宗教信仰17.r eligious adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的18.f igure n. 人物;数字;身材vt.认为;认定19.c harm n. 魅力;迷人的特征;咒语20.j oy n. 高兴;喜悦21.j oyful adj. 高兴的;快乐的22.g ratitude n. 感激之情;感谢23.h arvest n. 收获季节;收获;收成vi，＆vt.收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼)24.a gricultural adj. 农业(劳动/生产)25.a griculture n. 农业;农艺26.c rop n. 庄稼;作物;一季的收成27.g ather vi. 聚集;集合vt.聚集;搜集;收割28.g rateful adj. 感激的;表示感谢的29.f eature n. 以…为特色n.特色;特征;特点30.d ecorate vt. 装饰;装潢31.c hurch n. (基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂32.s ignificant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的33.f ade vi.＆vt.逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱34.f ade away逐新消失;(身体)变得虚弱35.t ypical adj. 典型的;有代表性的;平常的36.f irecracker n. 鞭炮;爆竹37.e vil adj. 邪恶的;有害的;罪恶的n.邪恶;罪恶;恶行38.i n spite of 不管;尽管39.c ommercial adj. 商业(化)的;以获利为目的的40.c ommercialise vt. 使商业化;利用……牟利41.c ommercialization n. 商业化42.t ake advantage of利用;欺骗;占…的便宜43.m edium n. (pl. media )媒介;手段;方法a.中等的;中号的44.t he media 大众传播媒介45.r eflect vt. 显示;反映;反射46.b elief n. 信仰;信心;信任47.f aith n. 宗教信仰;信任;相信48.o ccasion n. 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会49.h ave sth in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同;有相同的特征50.a tmosphere n. 气氛;氛围;(地球的)大气(层)51.l unar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的52.e ve n. 前タ;前一天53.e nvelope n. 信封;塑料封套54.C hristmas carol圣诞颂歌55.m erry adj. 愉快的;高兴的56.M erry Christmas!圣誕快乐!57.p umpkin n. 南瓜58.p udding n. 布丁;(餐末的)甜食59.m ashed potatoes土豆泥60.r oast adj. 烤的;焙的vi.＆vt.烘烤;焙61.t urkey n. 火鸡;火鸡肉62.r oast turkey烤火鸡肉63.p leased adj 高兴的;满意的64.f irework n. 烟火;烟花; pl.烟花表演65.f rank adj 坦率的;直率的66.t o be frank坦白说;坦率地说67.g o off爆炸;走火;离开68.e xcept for除…之外69.i nner adj. 内部的;里面的;内心的70.a utonomous adj. 自治的;有自治权的71.r egion n. 地区;区域;地带72.r epresent vt. 象征;代表;相当于73.w restling n. 摔跤运动74.w restle vi.＆vt.摔跤;奋力对付75.w restler n. 摔跤运动员76.a rchery n. 射箭术;射箭运动77.s et off出发;动身;启程78.f ancy adj. 花哨的;精致的;昂贵的vt.想要;傾慕;自认为是79.r obe n. 袍服;礼袍80.e agle n. 雕81.g race n. 优美;优雅;高雅82.a bsolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地83.m oment n. 片刻;瞬间84.t ent n. 帐篷85.p ot n. 罐;壶;锅86.b rief adj. 简洁的;简单的;短暂的87.b ranch n. 树枝;分支;支流88.w edding n. 婚礼;结婚庆典89.c lap vt. 鼓掌;拍手;击掌n.鼓掌;拍手;掌声90.r espec t n.＆vt.尊敬;尊重91.h orrible adj. 令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的92.C oming-of- Age Day 成人节93.R io (全称 Rio de Janeiro) 里约热内卢(巴西城市)94.C arlal 卡拉95.H alloween n. 万圣节前タ96.T hanksgiving (Day)感思节97.L a Tomatina 番茄大战98.B unol 布尼奥尔(西班牙小镇)99.t he Naadam Festival “那达幕”大会100.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region内蒙古自治区101.Mongolian ad. 蒙古人的;蒙古的;蒙古语的n.蒙古语;蒙古人Unit 21.moral adj. 道德的;道义上的n，品行;道德;寓意2.virtue n. 高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质3.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地;困境4.moral dilemma道德困境5.faint vi. 昏倒;晕厥adj.不清楚的;微弱的6.illustrate vt. (举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图7.precious adj. 珍稀的;宝贵的8.entrust vt. 委托;交付9.carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关10.m arriage n. 结婚;婚烟11.m ajority n. 大部分;大多数12.c omplain vi.＆vt.抱怨;发牢骚13.t uition n. (小组)教学;讲课14.f ee n. 专业服务费;报酣15.t uition fees学费16.r espond vt. 回答;回复vi做出反应;回应17.r esponse n. 反应;回答;回复18.u nion n. 协会;联合会;工会19.s cholarship n. 奖学金20.h ire vt. 聘任;雇用;租用n.租借;租用21.p hysician n. 医师;(尤指)内科医生22.r esident physician住院医师23.c olleague n. 同事;同像24.r eject vt. 拒绝接受;不录用25.r ejection n 拒绝接受;否决26.a ppoint vt. 任命;委派27.c linic n. 诊所;门诊部28.a raway adj. 遥远的29.e lect vt. 选举;推选30.e lection n. 选举;推选;当选31.d ecade n. 十年;十年期32.e lsewhere adv. 在别处;去别处33.t end vt. 照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于34.t end to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事35.p ublish vt. 发表(作品);出版36.s taff n. 员工;全体职员37.r etire vi＆vt.退体;退职;退出38.s aving n. 节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款39.k indergarten n. 学前班;幼儿园40.p rinciple n. 道德原则;法则;原则41.p assive adj. 被动的;顺从的42.s cared adj. 害怕的;对…感到惊慌或恐惧的43.s care vt. 惊吓;使害怕vi受惊吓44.s harp adj. (増长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;adj明显的45.i nsurance n 保险;保险业46.e nergetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的47.r eplace vt. 接替;取代;更换48.a ccident n. 事故;车祸;失事49.o peration n. 手术;企业;经营50.w hisper vi.＆vt.悄声说;耳语;低语n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传51.m idnight n. 子夜;午夜52.i mport n. 进口;进口商品vt.进口;输入;引进53.e xport n. 出ロ;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播54.p ole n. (行星的)极;地极55.l ap n. (坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈56.b ite vt.＆vi.( bit，bitten)咬;叮;蜇n.咬;(咬下的)-口;咬伤57.l ip n. 嘴唇58.a ssist vt. 帮助;援助59.f irst aid急救60.p ass away去世61.c hairman n. 主席;主持人;董事长62.m emory n. 记忆力:回忆63.i n memory of 作为对……的纪念64.c hain n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条65.c afe n. 咖啡馆;小餐馆66.w aitress n. (餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者67.p regnant adj. 怀孕的;妊娠的68.d isguise vt. 装扮;假扮;掩盖n.伪装;化装用具69.m aple n. 枫树;械树70.c art n. 手推车;运货马车71.s pill vt& vi. spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled使)酒出;(使)滋出72.t rip over 被…绊倒73.l imp vt. 跋行:一瘸一拐地走74.t ear n. 眼泪;泪水75.i n tears流着泪;含着泪76.h arm n.＆vt.伤害;损害77.d espair n. 绝望,绝望;感到无望78.i n despair 处于绝望中79.m ight n. 力量;威力80.a great deal of 大量81.f able n. 寓言;寓言故事82.c ourt n. (网球等的)球场;法院;法庭83.f lexible adj. 灵活的;可变通的84.i ncome n. 收入;收益85.p er prep.每;每一86.t herefore adv. 因此;所以87.t ension n. 紧张关系;紧张;焦虑88.P eking Union Medical College北京协和医学院89.t he Wenhai Scholarship “文海”奖学金90.t he OB- GYN department (全称 Department of Obstetrics andGynecology)妇产科91.t he People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国92.t he National People’s Congress/kongres全国人民代表大会93.t he North/ South Pole北极/南极94.H enry Norman Bethune 亨利・诺曼·白求恩Unit 31.diverse adj 不同的;多种多样的2.diversity n. 差异(性);不同(点);多样性3.fortune n. 机会;运气4.fortune cookie幸运曲奇5.gumbo n. 秋葵汤(用秋葵英做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤6.nachos n. [pl]墨西哥玉米片7.chip n. (英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片8.cheese n. 干酪;奶酪9.spicy adj. 加有香料的;辛辣的10.e thnic adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的11.a dmit vi.＆vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)12.d efinitely adv. 肯定;确实13.o ccur vi. 发生;出现14.d owntown adv. 在市中心;往市中心15.m ission n. 传教(区);重要任务;使命16.d istrict n. 地区;区域17.g raffiti n. [pl]涂鸦;胡写乱画18.c omic n. 连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的19.a fterwards ad. 以后;后来20.h ead to(朝…)前进;(向…)去21.h istorical adj. (有关)历史的22.s eek vt& vi(sought/s3: t/ sought)寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求23.s eek one’ s fortune寻找成功致富之路;闯世界24.e arn vt.vi.挣得;赚得;赢得;博得25.e arn a living谋生26.i mmigrant n. (外来)移民;外侨27.s elect vt. 选择;挑选;选拔28.c hina n. 瓷;瓷器29.J azz n. 爵士乐30.b ar n. 酒吧;小吃店;小馆子31.d iagram n. 简图;图解;图表;示意图32.j ournal n. 日志;日记;报纸;刊物33.c laim vt.＆n.夺取【生命);宣称;断言34.s eries n. 一系列;连续;接连35.s eries of一系列或一连串(事件)36.a part from( especially NAME aside from 除了……外(还);此外37.m inority n. 少数民族;少数派;少数人38.e scape vi..＆vt.逃走;逃脱;避开n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱39.b ring about导致;引起40.A tlantic adj 大西洋的41.f inancial adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的42.p oetry n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作43.j eans n. 牛仔裤44.b oot n. 靴子45.m ushroom n. 蘑菇;46.p oisonous adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的47.p oison n. 毒物;毒药;毒素W.毒死;毒害48.f old v. 包;裹;折叠vt.＆vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平49.s uper adv 特别;格外adj，顶好的;超级的50.c ollection n. 作品集;收集物;收藏品51.a ccessory n. 配饰;附件;配件52.s ouvenir n. 纪念物;纪念品53.p ercentage n. 百分率;百分比54.c limate n. 气候55.m ild ad. 温和的;和善的;轻微的56.s ettle vt.＆vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷57.c onstruction n. 建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构58.m aterial n. 材料;布料;素材adj.物质的;实际的59.t o name but a few仅举几例60.t ai chi n. 太极拳61.c lothing n. 衣服;服装62.h erbal adj. 药草的;香草的63.s uit vt. 适合;满足…需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装64.a t first hand第一手;亲自65.i tem n. 项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻)66.c ontain vt. 包含;含有;容纳67.n eat adj 极好的;整洁的;整齐的68.S an Francisco 圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)(美国城市)69.N apa Valley 纳帕谷(美国)70.t he Golden Gate Bridge金门桥71.t he Mission District教会区(旧金山)72.M exico 墨西哥(北美洲国家)73.C alifornia 加利福尼亚(美国州名74.C antonese adj. 广东的;语的n.粤语;广东人75.t he Richmond District里士满区(旧金山)76.H uangguoshu Waterfal 黄果树瀑布77.J ourney to the West《西游记》78.T in How Temple 天后古庙79.B ank of Canton 广东银行80.P ortsmouth Square 花园角广场(旧金山)81.R obert Louis Stevenson 罗伯特・路易斯・斯蒂文森(英国作家)Unit 41.astronaut n. 宇航员;太空人2.procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续3.m ental adj 精神的;思想的4.cm abbr (centimetre/ senti: (r)or centimeter)厘米5.intelligent adj. 有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的6.rocket n. 火箭;火箭弹7.gravity n. 重力;引力8.frontier n. 边境;国界;边远地区9.vehicle n. 交通工具;车辆10.u niverse n. 宇宙;天地万物11.d etermined adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的12.d etermine vt. 查明;确定;决定13.s atellite n. 人造卫星;卫星14.a unch n. 发射;发起;上市15.o rbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.＆vi.沿轨道运行;环绕…运行16.g iant adj. 巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人17.l eap n. 跳跃;剧增;剧变(leapt, leapt /lept/orleaped, leaped vt.＆vi.跳过;跃过18.m ankind n. 人类19.a gency n. (政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处20.t ransmit vt.＆vi.传输;发送21.d ata n. [pl.]资料;数据22.d isappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的23.d esire n. 渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望24.c arry on继续做，坚持干25.o ngoing adj. 持续存在的;仍在进行的;不新发展的26.o n board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上27.i ndependently adv. 独立地;自立地28.i ndependent adj. 独立的;自立的29.s pacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船30.s pacewalk n. 太空行走;太空行走的时间31.j ade n. 玉;翠;玉器32.d ock vi.＆vt.(两架航天器)对接;(使)……进港.码n头;船坞33.s ignal vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志34.i n the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望35.s o as to (do sth)为了;以便36.r ecycle vt. 回收利用;再利用37.m uscle n. 肌肉;实力;影响力38.l ack n. 缺乏;短缺.没有;缺乏39.f loat vi. 浮动;源流;源浮；vt使浮动;使漂流40.o therwise adv. 否则;要不然41.b eyond prep.在更远处;超出42.s olar adj. 太阳的;太阳能的43.s olar system太阳系;类太阳系44.c urrent adj. 当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮45.f igure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白46.s ufficient adj. 足够的;充足的47.s oap n. 肥皂48.t owel n. 毛巾;抹布49.m icrowave n.( also microwave oven)微波炉50.t issue n. 纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的组织)51.f acility n. 设施;设备52.k een adj. 热衷的;渴望的53.g lobe n. 地球;世界;地球仪54.a rgue vt.＆vi.论证;争辩;争论55.a rgument n. 争论;争吵;论点56.f atal adj. 致命的;灾难性的57.s hallow adj. 肤浅的;浅的58.r esult in导致;造成59.p attern n. 模式;图案;模范60.a nalysis n (pl analyses )(对事物的)分析;分析结果61.a s a result 所以;结果(是)62.h igh- end adj. 高端的63.m onitor n. 监视器;监测仪vt.监视;监测;监控64.r egularly adv. 经常;定期地65.r egular adj. 定期的;经常的;正常的66.f oam n. 泡沫橡胶;泡沫67.p illow n. 枕头68.s martphone n. 智能手机69.r esource n. 资源;财力;物力70.i mited adj. 有限的71.p rovide for sb提供生活所需72.c losing adj. 结尾的;结東的n.停业;关闭;倒闭73.i n closing 最后74.m ystery n. 神秘事物;迷75.r un out用完;耗尽76.a ttach vt. 系;綁;贴77.o xygen n. 氧;氧气78.S putnik 1 “旅伴一号”(苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星)79.t he USSR abbr. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联80.Y uri Gagarin 尤里・加加林(苏联宇航员)81.N eil Armstrong/'niol ' a: strop/尼尔・阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员)82.N ASA abbr. National Aeronautics andSpaceAdministration (美国)国家航空与航天局83.V oyager1 “旅行者一号”84.S oyuz 11 “联盟11号85.C hallenger “挑战者”号航天飞机86.t he International Space Station国际空间站87.J ade Rabbit “玉兔”月球车88.M ars n. 火星89.J upiter n. 木星90.T yphoon Goni 合风天鹅91.G PS abbr. global positioning system全球(卫星)定位系统Unit 51.basis n. 基础;根据;基点2.on the basis of 在某事的基础上;根据某事3.loan n. 货款;借款4.take out a loan 取得货款5.plastic n. 塑料adj.塑料制的;望料的6.apologise vi. 道款;谢罪7.ignore vt. 忽视;对…不子理会8.in return作为回报;作为回应9.judge vt.＆vi.评价;评判;判断n.法官;审判员;裁判员10.s cene n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面11.n arrator n. (书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员12.n arration n. 叙述;讲述;解说13.b et n. 打赌;赌注(bet，bet) vi.＆vt.下赌注;用…打赌；敢说14.m ake a bet打个赌15.s ervant n. 仆人;用人16.a s a matter of fact事实上;其实;说真的17.b y accident偶然地;意外地18.s ail vi.＆vt.(船)航行;(人)乘船航行19.s pot vt. 看见;注意到;发现n.地点;处所;斑点;污迹20.c onsulate n. 领事馆21.d are vi.＆ modal v. 胆敢;敢于22.s ort n. 种类;类别23.m ining n. 采矿;采矿业24.p atience n. 耐心;忍耐力;毅力25.t o be honest说实话;坦率地说26.o ught to 应该;应当27.b e about to do sth即将或正要(做某事28.i ndicate vt.＆vi.表明;显示w.象征;暗示29.b eneath adv.＆prep.在(或往)…下面;在…“的表面之下30.p ostpone vt. 延迟;延期;延缓31.o dd adj. 奇怪的;怪异的;反常的32.o bligation n. 义务;职责;责任33.i ntention n. 打算;计划;意图;目的34.n owhere adv. 无处;哪里都不35.i n case以防;以防万36.e xtent n. 程度;限度;大小;范围37.t o... extent到…程度;在…程度上38.o pera n. 歌剧39.m usical n. 音乐剧adj.音乐的40.d inosaur n. 恐龙41.h ug vt.＆vi.拥抱;抱紧42.p ursue vt. 追求;致力于43.d uty n. 责任;义务;职责;值班44.o n duty 值班;值勤45.h esitate vi. 犹豫;迟疑;顾虑46.s equence vt. 按顺序排列n顺序;一系列47.e ventually adv. 最后;终于48.t ailor n. (男装)裁缝vt.专门制作;定做49.c lerk n. 职员;文书;店员50.m anner n. 举止;行为方式;方法;[pl]礼貌;礼仪51.i n a. manner以一种…的方式;带着一副“…的样子52.d ownstairs adv. 顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下53.s tair n. 楼梯:梯级54.a side adv. 到旁边;在旁边;留;存55.f rown n.＆vi眉56.i n that case既然那样;假使那样的话57.o ption n. 可选择的事物;选择;选择权58.b road adj. 宽国的;广因的;广泛的59.i ndeed adv. 其实;实际上;当然;确实60.n ormal adj. 典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的n.常态;通常标准;一般水平61.w illing adj. 愿意;乐意62.b e willing to do sth意意或乐意做某事63.e lement n. 要素;基本部分64.p lot n. 故事情节;布局;阴课65.a mbassador n. 大使;使节;代表66.u pper- class adj. 上流社会的;上等阶层的67.u pper adj. 上面的;上层的;靠上部的68.t he upper class 上流社会;上等阶层69.m aintain vt. 维持;保持;维修;保养70.p ermission n. 准许;许可;批准;许可证71.p ermit vt.＆vi.允许;准许;使有可能72.s aying n. 谚语;格言;警句73.e xternal adj. 外部的:外面的:外来的74.R oderick 罗德里克75.O liver 奥利弗76.H enry Adams 亨利·亚当斯77.T he Phantom of the Opera《歌剧魁影》(音乐剧78.R eid 里德79.T odd 托德80.P ortia Langham genom波希亚·兰厄姆。
第三道数字鸿沟_互联网上的知识沟
第三道数字鸿沟:互联网上的知识沟韦路张明新内容提要此前关于数字鸿沟的研究皆聚焦于数字技术的接入和使用上,即所谓的第一道和第二道数字鸿沟。
对数字鸿沟的这两个维度的研究,的确较为清晰地勾勒出了数字技术的分布和应用不平等的社会景象。
然而,一个更为重要的问题,即数字技术接入和使用上的鸿沟,是否导致了人们知识上的鸿沟,却被研究者们忽略了;在当今信息社会,这直接关涉到个人与社区的生存和发展。
考虑到数字技术的接入和使用鸿沟对社会的影响往往被研究者视为是理所当然的,且从未被纳入到相关研究设计中这一事实,本研究假设:(1)由互联网的接入差异可预测人们政治知识的获取,(2)由人们对互联网上政治信息的使用可预测其政治知识的获取,(3)互联网使用比互联网接入能更佳预测人们政治知识的获取。
对一个在美国进行的全国性调查数据的再分析,结果在不同程度上支持了上述三个假设。
本研究的发现为/数字技术的分布和使用的不公带来了不利的社会影响0这一论断提供了经验证据,譬如,知识沟便是这种负面社会影响的一个方面。
更重要的是,相对于互联网接入而言,互联网使用对于人们的知识获取有更大影响。
因此,在互联网接入日渐普及的今天,有关政策应对人们的互联网使用予以更多关注。
此外,就传播理论而言,知识沟一方面可被视为是数字鸿沟研究的一个方向,是一个介于接入沟、使用沟和其他社会不公之间的中间变量;另一方面,借助于对数字鸿沟的研究,知识沟研究亦有了不断发展的潜能,在各种影响知识沟的因素之中,新媒介技术成为一个显著影响和型塑知识沟的变量。
在这样的意义上,可将数字鸿沟理论与知识沟理论贯通起来。
一、引言作为一个比喻,/数字鸿沟0(digital divide)使人们有机会认识到技术富有者和技术贫穷者之间存在的不平等。
在过去的10年中,不论在学术界还是业界,这一概念十分流行;它成功地将这一不平等的议题引入社会、政治与学术领域的讨论之中,成为社会政策甚至政治主张中的一种关怀(金兼斌,2003)。
《综合商务英语4》课程教学大纲
《综合商务英语4》教学大纲一、基本信息二、课程描述“综合商务英语”是商务英语专业的学科基础课，为商务英语专业基础阶段的必修课。
它旨在让学生通过对不同商务领域主题的学习，通过听、说、读、写、译以及讨论、解决问题和角色扮演等方面的训练，加强对英语语言知识的运用能力，培养商务情景中的口头交流、阅读和书写能力，提高处理商务领域实际问题的能力，增强学生综合素质。
“综合商务英语”课程分为二个阶段：“综合商务英语（4）”在商务英语专业二年级第二学期开设，为商务英语专业第四学期的综合语言技能类课程。
本课程着重打牢语言基本功，商务专业素质与人文素养并重，强调语言、文化与商务三者的有机融合，注重培养学生跨文化交际能力，兼顾同其他商务技能课程和商务专业课程的衔接。
三、教学目标通过本课程的理论教学和相关实验训练，使学生具备如下能力：1、以听说读写译为基础的英语综合应用能力:培养学生从事国际商务专业所需的英语听力、口语、阅读理解和写作的基本专业英语技能。
通过学习，学生能在未来国际商务常见的场景中熟练地进行口头交流，流利地阅读和书写有关文字材料，帮助学生不仅体会国际商务专业英语语体的一些特点，而且了解国际商务工作中常见工作环节。
2、培养和提升跨文化商务交际能力：a. 使学生具备在跨文化商务场合中进行语言及非语言交际的能力；了解并掌握解决实际跨文化商务问题所应具备的知识及技能（如商务会话、谈判、跨文化商务冲突处理等）；提高跨文化交际意识；b. 掌握课文内容涉及到的经济、法律、商务、管理等领域的术语，拓展知识面；3、培养对时事的敏感度、批判性思维能力、解析与评论商务现象的能力，与时俱进。
四、课程目标对毕业要求的支撑五、教学内容第1章Media: Fact or Fable（支撑课程目标1, 2, 3）重点内容：mainstream media, elite media, mass media, media relations, new media难点内容：institutional structure of media, power play, textual analysis, writing styles教学内容：Reading: reading for general ideas, specific information, implied meaning, textual analysis Speaking: discussion, survey, presentation skillsListening: listening for the gist and listening for specific information, note-takingWriting: book reviewBusiness-oriented skills: case study, researchStudy skills: how to distinguish between argumentative and expository essays第2章Originality and Fair Play（支撑课程目标1, 2, 3）重点内容：Web 2.0, democratization, intellectual property, copyright for traditional cultural expressions难点内容：demerits of the latest web technology, survey report, quotation教学内容：Reading: reading for general ideas, specific information, implied meaning, critical thinking Listening: listening for the gist and listening for specific information, note-takingSpeaking: discussion, role-play, survey reportWriting: quoting effectively and avoiding plagiarismBusiness-oriented skills: case study, researchStudy skills: etymology第3章National Interest in a World Community（支撑课程目标1, 2b, 3）重点内容：Fortune 500, national prejudices, corporate social responsibility难点内容：cultural intelligence, textual analysis, case study教学内容：Reading: reading for general ideas, specific information, reading criticallyListening: listening for general ideasSpeaking: discussion, survey, presenting one’s own opinions, giving commentsWriting: choice of vocabulary: formality, certainty and strengthBusiness-oriented skills: cultural intelligence in multinational environmentStudy skills: use of indices第4章Who Wins the Lion’s Share（支撑课程目标1, 2, 3）重点内容：monopoly, antitrust, intervention, industrial policy难点内容：market competition models, antitrust regulators, survey教学内容：Reading: reading for general ideas, specific information, implied meaningListening: listening for the gist and listening for specific information, note-takingSpeaking: discussion, presentation skillsWriting: indirect speech and reporting verbsBusiness-oriented skills: case study, researchStudy skills: understanding argumentation by tracing cause-effect analysis第5章Conflict and Compromise （支撑课程目标1, 2, 3）重点内容：international trade, import, export, economics, currency难点内容：implications of protectionism, trade war, persuasion in speaking and writing 教学内容：Reading: reading for general ideas, specific information, implied meaningListening: listening for the gist and listening for specific information, note takingSpeaking: discussion, persuasion, presentation skillsWriting: how to persuadeBusiness-oriented skills: critical thinking, researchStudy skills: compound adjectives第6章Law and Order （支撑课程目标1, 2, 3）重点内容：economic sanction, embargo, boycott, restriction难点内容：controversies about economic sanction, summarization, use of corpus教学内容：Reading: reading for attitudesListening: listening for implied meaningSpeaking: making commentsWriting: ways to end a paragraphBusiness-oriented skills: case study, researchStudy skills: use of corpus六、教学安排该课程每周6学时，16周，48学时为课堂授课教学时间，48学时为课内实验教学时间。
2024-2025学年上外版高三上学期期末英语试卷及解答参考
2024-2025学年上外版英语高三上学期期末模拟试卷及解答参考一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、W: Which book are you reading, John? M: I’m reading Twilight. It’s very interesting. W: Can I have a look at it? M: Certainly. You can read it now. Q: What are the two speakers talking about?•A: A movie. (Wrong: They were discussing a movie.)•B: A book. (Correct: John is reading a book called Twilight, and they are discussing this book.)•C: A TV show. (Wrong: They were not talking about a TV show.)2、M: I wonder what you think of this new board game. Do you take an interest in it? W:I haven’t tried it, but I think it’s not a good one. It is quite difficult and boring. M: That sounds bad. Q: What does the woman think of the game?•A: It’s interesting. (Wrong: The woman thinks the game is difficult and boring.)•B: It’s difficult and boring. (Correct: The wom an thinks the game is difficult and boring.)•C: It’s not enjoyable. (Correct: The woman considers the game difficult and boring, which means it’s not enjoyable.)The questions are designed to test the students’ ability to understand conversations indifferent contexts and to infer the speakers’ thoughts and feelings based on the dialogue.3.W: I can’t find my textbook. Do you think it could be in the library?M: I think you should check your bag first. We left it there this morning.Question: Where does the conversation hint that the textbook was last seen?A)In the library.B)In the speakers’ bag.C)During the morning.Answer: B) In the speakers’ bag.Explanation: The man suggests that the woman first checks her bag, implying that they left the textbook there earlier that morning.4.M: How was your job interview? Did everything go smoothly?W: It went okay, but I didn’t get the job. The company is looking for someone with more experience than I have.Question: What is the main concern expressed by the woman about the job interview?A)She believes the interview didn’t go well.B)She didn’t receive any feedback on the interview.C)She doesn’t have the required experience.Answer: C) She doesn’t have the required experience.Explanation: The woman explicitly states that the company is looking for more experienced candidates, indicating that her lack of experience is the concern that prevented her from getting the job.5、听下面一段对话。
2019版人教版新课标高中英语必修3第三册单词表-英译汉-默写-
2019版人教新课标必修3单词表英译汉默写检查unit1lantern n____________carnival n________________costume n__________________________________dress...up______________march vi.&n______________________congratulation n____________congratulate vt________________________riddle n________________ceremony n____________samba n__________________make-up n________________________after all____________range n vi__________________________range from...to...____________________origin n__________________religion n________________religious adj____________________figure n vt_____________________________charm n________________________joy n____________joyful adj________________gratitude n________________harvest n vi__________________________agricultural adj____________________agriculture n____________crop n________________________gather vi vt________________________________ grateful adj____________________feature vt n_________________________decorate vt____________church n__________________________significant adj______________________fade vi.&vt________________________________fade away__________________________typical adj____________________________firecracker n____________evil adj n___________________________________in spite of__________commercial adj______________________________ commercialise vt________________________ commercialisation n________take advantage of________________________medium n.(pl.media)________________the media____________reflect vt__________________belief n__________________faith n______________________occasion n________________________have...in common__________________________________ atmosphere n__________________________________ lunar adj________________________eve n______________envelope n________________Christmas carol______________merry adj________________Merry Christmas!__________pumpkin n____________pudding n______________________mashed potatoes____________roast a dj vi.&vt________________________turkey n______________roast turkey________pleased adj________________firework n ________________________frank adj________________to be frank________________go off________________except for__________inner adj________________________ autonomous adj____________________region n__________________represent vt____________________wrestling n__________wrestle vt________________wrestler n____________archery n__________________set off________________fancy adj vt_______________________________ robe n____________eagle n__________grace n__________________absolutely adv________________moment n____________tent n____________pot n________________brief adj________________________branch n__________________wedding n________________clap vt n___________________________respect n.&vt____________horrible adj____________________________ unit2moral adj n_____________________________ virtue n____________________________ dilemma n______________________moral dilemma______________faint vt adj___________________________________ illustrate vt______________________________ precious adj________________entrust vt____________carry...through...________________marriage n____________majority n________________complain vi.&vt______________tuition n____________________fee n__________________tuition fees__________respond n vi________________response n__________________union n____________________scholarship n______________hire vt n________________________________physician n_______________________resident physician n__________colleague n____________reject vt__________________rejection n________________appoint vt____________clinic n______________faraway adj________elect vt____________election n__________________decade n______________elsewheren________________tend vt n__________________________tend to do...__________________________publish vt____________________staff n________________retire vi.&vt__________________saving n__________________________________ kindergarten n________________principle n______________________passive adj__________________scared adj________________________________scare vt vi________________________sharp adj________________________________________ insurance n______________energetic adj________________________replace vt__________________accident n__________________operation n__________________whisper vi.&vt n____________________________________import n vt____________________________________ export n vt____________________________________ pole n____________________lap n________________________________________ bite vi.&vt.(bit，bitten）n__________________________ lip n______assist vt____________first aid__________pass away__________chairman n______________________memory n______________in memory of________________chain n______________________________cafén________________waitress n____________________________pregnant adj________________disguise vt n______________________________ maple n____________cart n__________________spill vi.&vt______________________trip over__________limp vi____________________tear n____________in tears______________harm vi.&vt____________despair n vi___________________in despair__________might n____________a great deal of____court n_____________________________flexible adj__________________income n____________per prep__________therefore adv____________tension n______________________unit3diverse adj____________________diversity n________________________________fortune n____________fortune cookie________gumbo n______________________________________nachos n.[pl]____________chip n____________________________________cheese n____________spicy n____________________ethnic adj________________________________________admit vi.&vt________________________________definitely adv____________occur vi____________downtown adv____________________mission n____________________________district n____________graffiti[pl__________________comic n adj___________________________________________ afterwards adv____________head to____________________________historical adj________________seek vi.&vt.(sought，sought）___________________________ seek one's fortune________________________earn vi.&vt______________________earn a living__________immigrant n____________________select vt__________________china n__________jazz n______________bar n______________________diagram n__________________________journal n________________________claim vt.&n____________________________series n____________________series of______________________apart from________________________minority n__________________________escape vi.&vt n________________________________ bring about________________Atlantic adj________________financial adj________________________poetry n__________________jeans n______________boot n____________mushroom n__________poisonous adj________________________________poison n vt________________________________fold vt vi.&vt________________________________________ super adv adj______________________________collection n________________________accessory n__________________souvenir n________________percentage n________________climate n____________mild adj________________________settle vi.&vt_____________________________ construction n________________________________ material n adj________________________________ to name but a few______________tai chi n______________clothing n____________herbal adj________________suit vt n___________________________________ at first hand____________item______________________________________ contain vt__________________neat adj________________________unit4astronaut n________________proceduren__________________mental adj________________cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)__________ intelligent adj____________________________ rocket n______________gravity n____________frontier n________________________vehicle n________________universe n________________determined adj______________________determinevt__________________satellite n________________launch n.&vt__________________orbit n vi.&vt___________________________giantadj n____________________________________leap n vi.&vt__________________________________ mankind n____________agency n_________________________________transmit vi.&vt____________data n.[pl________________disappointed adj________________desire n vt__________________________carry on______________ongoing adj________________________________________on board______________________________independently adv________________independent adj________________spacecraft n____________________spacewalk n__________________________jade n________________dock vi.&vt n_____________________________________ signal vi.&vt n______________________________________ in the hope of doing...______________so as to do...____________recycle vt____________________muscle n____________________lack n vt__________________________float vi vt__________________________________otherwise adv______________beyond prep________________solar a dj__________________solar system________________current adj n____________________________________ figure out____________________sufficient adj________________soap n______towel n____________microwave n.(also microwave oven)______________ tissue n__________________________________ facility n____________keen adj________________globe n____________________argue vt.&vi__________________argument n__________________fatal adj____________________shallow adj______________result in__________pattern n__________________analysis n.(pl.analyses)__________________________as a result________________high-end____________monitor n vt_________________________________ regularly adv______________regular adj________________________foam n__________________pillow n____________smartphone n__________resource n__________________provide for...____________closing adj n_______________________________ in closing__________mystery n________________run out________________attach vt____________oxygen n__________unit5basis n__________________on the basis of________________________loan n____________take out a loan______________plastic n__________________________________ apologise(also apologize) vi____________ignore vt______________________in return__________________judge vi.&vt_________________________________ scene n________________________________ narrator n_____________________________________ narration n__________________bet n (bet，bet)vi.&vt _______________________ make a bet____________servant n____________as a matter of fact____________________by accident______________sail vi.&vt____________________________spot vt n___________________________________dare v____________sort n____________mining n______________patience n____________________to be honest________________ought to__________be about to do...____________________indicate vt.&vi vt__________________________ beneath adv.&prep______________________________ postpone vt__________________odd adj________________________obligation n__________________intention n__________________________nowhere adv________________in case______________extent n________________________to...extent________________________opera____________musical n adj__________________dinosaur n______hug vi.&vt____________pursue vt______________duty n________________________on duty__________hesitate vi__________________sequence vt n____________________________ eventually adv____________tailor n vt________________________________ clerkn__________________manner n_______________________________in a...manner______________________________ downstairs adv____________________________ stair n______________aside adv________________________frown n.&vi______in that case______________________option n____________________________ broad adj________________________indeed adv__________________________normal adj n______________________________ willing adj____________be willing to do...________________element n________________plot n______________________ambassador n__________________upper-class adj________________________ upper adj__________________________the upper class__________________maintain vt________________________ permission n__________________________ permit vi.&vt______________________saying n__________________external adj________________________。
The Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion
The Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion The role of media in shaping public opinion is a topic that has been widely debated in recent years. With the rise of social media and the 24-hour news cycle, the influence of media on public perception and attitudes has become increasingly significant. Media outlets have the power to shape public opinion through the stories they choose to cover, the way they frame those stories, and the language they use to describe events and individuals. This influence can have both positive and negative effects on society, as media can be used to inform and educate the public, but it can also be used to manipulate and mislead.One perspective on the role of media in shaping public opinion is that it serves as a vital source of information and a platform for public discourse. In a democratic society, a free and independent media is essential for holding those in power accountable and providing citizens with the information they need to make informed decisions. Through investigative journalism and in-depth reporting, media outlets can bring important issues to the forefront and spark meaningful conversations about topics that affect the public. This can lead to positive change and progress in society, as it allows for a diversity of voices and perspectives to be heard.However, there is also a darker side to the influence of media on public opinion. With the rise of clickbait headlines and sensationalist reporting, media outlets are increasingly focused on generating views and engagement rather than providing accurate and balanced information. This has led to the spread of misinformation and the amplification of divisive and polarizing narratives. In the age of social media, anyone can be a \"journalist\" and share their opinions and beliefs with a wide audience, leading to the spread of fake news and conspiracy theories that can have real-world consequences.Another perspective to consider is the role of media in shaping public opinion through the use of framing and language. The way in which a story is presented and the language used to describe it can have a significant impact on how the public perceives it. For example, the choice to use certain words like \"terrorist\" or \"freedom fighter\" can influence whether an individual or group is seen as a threat or a hero. Additionally, the framing of astory can shape how the public understands and interprets events, leading to biased or one-sided perspectives that may not accurately reflect reality.Moreover, the influence of media on public opinion can also be seen in the way it shapes cultural norms and values. Through the portrayal of certain groups and individuals, media can perpetuate stereotypes and prejudices that can influence how the public views and interacts with others. This can have real-world consequences, as it can lead to discrimination and marginalization of certain groups within society. On the other hand, media can also be used to challenge and change social norms by highlighting diverse perspectives and experiences that may not have been previously represented.In conclusion, the role of media in shaping public opinion is complex and multifaceted. While media can serve as a valuable source of information and a platform for public discourse, it also has the power to manipulate and mislead. The way in which stories are framed and the language used to describe them can influence how the public perceives events and individuals, and can shape cultural norms and values. It is important for media consumers to critically evaluate the information they are presented with and seek out diverse sources of news and information in order to form a well-rounded and informed perspective. Ultimately, the influence of media on public opinion is a reflection of the power and responsibility that comes with the freedom of the press in a democratic society.。
2019人教版高中英语必修三单词表带音标
2019人教版高中英语必修三单词表UNIT 1 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS默写lantern /ˈlæntən/ n.灯笼；提灯carnival /ˈkɑːnɪvl/ n.狂欢节；嘉年华costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/ n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装dress (sb) up穿上盛装；装扮march /mɑːtʃ/ vi. & n.行进；前进；示威游行congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ n.祝贺；恭喜congratulate /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt/ vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪riddle /ˈrɪdl/ n.谜语；神秘事件ceremony /ˈserəməni/ n.典礼；仪式samba /ˈsæmbə/ n.桑巴舞；桑巴舞曲make-up /ˈmeɪk ʌp/ n.化妆品；性格；构成方式after all 毕竟；别忘了range /reɪndʒ/ n.一系列；范围；界限.ⅵ. 包括；(在一定范围内)变化range from….to…. 包括从…...到……之间origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n.起源；起因；出身religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ n.宗教；宗教信仰religious /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/ adj.宗数的；笃信宗数的figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n.人物；数字；身材. vt.认为；认定charm /tʃɑːm/ n.魅力；迷人的特征；咒语joy /dʒɔɪ/ n.高兴；喜悦joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl/ adj.高兴的；快乐的gratitude /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n.感激之情；感谢harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ n.收获季节；收获；收成.vi. &vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物，鱼)agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj.农业(劳动)生产agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n.农业；农艺crop /krɒp/ n.庄稼；作物；一季的收成gather /ˈɡæðə(r)/ vi.聚集；集合. vt.聚集；搜集；收割grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj.感漱的；表示感谢的feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ vt.以……为特色. n.特色；特征；特点decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ vt.装饰；装潢church /tʃɜːtʃ/ n. (基督数的)数堂；礼拜堂significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj.有重大意义的；显著的fade /feɪd/ vi. & vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱fade away 逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱12345678910upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的upper /ˈʌpər/adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的the upper class 上流社会；上等阶层maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ vt.维持；保持；维修；保养permission /pəˈmɪʃn/ n.准许；许可；批准；许可证permit /pəˈmɪt/ vt. & vi.允许；准许；使有可能saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ n.谚语；格言；警句external /ɪkˈstɜːnl/ adj.外部的；外面的；外来的Roderick /'rɔdərik/ 罗德里克Oliver /ˈɑːlɪvər/ 奥利弗Henry Adams /ˈhenri ˈædəmz/ 亨利·亚当斯The Phantom /ˈfæntəm/ of the Opera 《歌剧魅影》(音乐剧)Reid /reɪd/ 里德Todd /tɔd/托德Portia Langham /ˈpɔ:ʃəˈlæŋəm/ 波希亚·兰厄姆。
media 英语作文
The media plays a pivotal role in shaping our perceptions,informing our decisions, and connecting us to the world.Here are some key points to consider when writing an essay on the media in English:1.Introduction to Media:Begin by defining what media encompasses,including television,radio,newspapers,magazines,and the internet.Discuss the evolution of media from traditional forms to digital platforms.2.Impact on Society:Explore how media influences public opinion,social norms,and cultural values.Discuss both positive and negative impacts,such as raising awareness on important issues and perpetuating stereotypes.3.Role in Democracy:Discuss the medias role as the fourth estate,its responsibility to keep the public informed,and its function in holding governments and institutions accountable.4.Media Bias:Address the issue of bias in media reporting.Explain how personal, political,or corporate interests can influence the way news is presented.5.The Rise of Social Media:Discuss the impact of social media on traditional media and its role in the dissemination of news and information.Include the benefits,such as instant updates,and the challenges,such as the spread of misinformation.6.Media Literacy:Emphasize the importance of media literacy,which is the ability to access,analyze,evaluate,and create media in a variety of forms.Discuss how it helps individuals to be critical consumers of media.7.Ethical Considerations:Discuss ethical dilemmas faced by journalists and media organizations,such as the balance between freedom of speech and the right to privacy.8.The Future of Media:Speculate on the future of media,considering technological advancements like artificial intelligence,virtual reality,and the potential for personalized news feeds.9.Conclusion:Summarize the main points and reiterate the significance of media in modern society.Encourage readers to consider their own relationship with media and the responsibility they have in shaping its future.Remember to use clear,concise language and provide examples to support your arguments.Additionally,ensure that your essay is wellstructured with a clearintroduction,body paragraphs for each main point,and a conclusion that ties everything together.。
2006年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案
2006年6月英语六级真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversationand the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) She met with Thomas just a few days ago.B) She can help with the orientation program.C) She is not sure she can pass on the message.D) She will certainly try to contact Thomas.2. A) Set the dinner table.B) Change the light bulbC) Clean the dining room.D) Hold the ladder for him.3. A) He’d like a piece of pi e.B) He’d like some coffeeC) He’d rather stay in the warm room.D) He’s just had dinner with his friends.4. A) He has managed to sell a number of cars.B) He is contented with his current position.C) He might get fired.D) He has lost his job.5. A) Tony’s secretary.B) Paul’s girlfriend.C) Paul’s colleague.D) Tony’s wife.6. A) He was fined for running a red light.B) He was caught speeding on a fast lane.C) He had to run quickly to get the ticket.D) He made a wrong turn at the intersection.7. A) He has learned a lot from his own mistakes.B) He is quite experienced in taming wild dogs.C) He finds reward more effective than punishment.D) He thinks it important to master basic training skills.8. A) At a bookstore.B) At the dentist’s.C) In a restaurant.D) In the library.9. A) He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.B) He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.C) He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.D) He believes most college students are running wild.10. A) It was applaudable.B) It was just terrible.C) The actors were enthusiastic.D) The plot was funny enough.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Social work.B) Medical careC) Applied physicsD) Special education.12. A) The timely advice from her friends and relatives.B) The two-year professional training she received.C) Her determination to fulfill her dream.D) Her parents’ consistent moral support.13. A) To get the funding for the hospitals.B) To help the disabled children there.C) To train therapists for the children there.D) To set up an institution for the handicapped.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) At a country school in Mexico.B) In a mountain valley of Spain.C) At a small American college.D) In a small village in Chile.15. A) By expanding their minds and horizons.B) By financing their elementary education.C) By setting up a small primary school.D) By setting them an inspiring example.16. A) She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers.B) She was a talented designer of original school curriculums.C) She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman.D) She made outstanding contributions to children’s education.17. A) She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.B) She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.C) She translated her books into many languages.D) She advised many statesmen on international affairs.Passage ThreeQuestion 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.B) How animals alter colors to match their surroundings.C) How animals protect themselves against predators.D) How animals learn to disguise themselves effectively.19. A) Its enormous size.B) Its plant-like appearance.C) Its instantaneous response.D) Its offensive smell.20. A) It helps improve their safety.B) It allows them to swim faster.C) It helps them fight their predators.D) It allows them to avoid twists and turns.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies. Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment. Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, sch ool, and community factors” as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality (因果关系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including theAmerican Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies… point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtfu l measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read ‘aggressive’ or ‘non-aggressive’ words from a list, can we be sure what they are actua lly measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate ster would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is,of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.21. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?A) There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B) Something has gone wrong with today’s society.C) Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.D) Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.22. What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para.3) view of media violence?A) Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D) The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.23. The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para.5) to refer to those who ______.A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviorD) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior24. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging____.A) the source and amount of their dataB) the targets of their observationC) their system of measurementD) their definition of violence25. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B) It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.C) The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.D) He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top ＄2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can’s afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why can’t we?” Even to whisper that thought provokes anger.“Un-American!”And-the propagandists’trump card (王牌)—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Super-size drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up. Common sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding. Say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should ourhealth-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies(药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those whodare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we’ll find, But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buyingcross-border.Most users of prescription drugs don’s worry about costs a lot.They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay.The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.26. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A) A quarter of Americans c an’t afford their prescription drugs.B) Many Americans can’t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C) Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D) The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.27. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaring drug prices by _____.A) encouraging people to buy prescription drugs onlineB) extending medical insurance to all its citizensC) importing low-price prescription drugs from CanadaD) exercising price control on brand-name drugs28. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A) Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C) Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D) High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.29. What should be the priority of America’s health-care system according to the author?A) To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system.B) To ma intain America’s lead in the drug industry.C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.D) To quicken the pace of new drug development.30. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A) Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.B) Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Age has its privileges in America. And one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age-in some cases as low as 55-is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses-as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them；yet，millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent (有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous (同义的).Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and manyolder Americans are poor, But most of them aren’t. It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense.Directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits，which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point, Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against-discrimination by age.31. We learn from the first paragraph that____.A) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practiceB) senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent lifeC) giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderlyD) senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount32. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?A) Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society in return.B) Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made to society.C) The elderly, being financially underprivileged，need humane help from society.D) Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Security system.33. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will___.A) make old people even more dependent on societyB) intensify conflicts between the young and the oldC) have adverse financial impact on business companiesD) bring a marked increase in the companies revenues34. How does the author view the Social Security system?A) It encourages elderly people to retire in time.B) It opens up broad career prospects for young people.C) It benefits the old at the expense of the youngD) It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions35. Which of the following best summarizes the a uthor’s main argument?A) Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.B) The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.C) Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.D) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for ＄500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual.”But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century. The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of “structural racism” the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellowcitizens?This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights,but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. The promise of “40 acres and a mule (骡子)”was for most blacks a dream deferred (尚未实现的).The Second Reconstruction (1954-1968), or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights . But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulated disadvantage that remain central to black Americans’ lives.The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.Demanding reparations (赔偿) is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, m ore important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism’s barriers include “equity inequity.” the absence of black ca pital formation that is a direct consequence of America’s history. One third of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family’s net wealth was ＄16,400, less than one fifth that of white families.Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.Blacks remain the last hired and first fired during recessions.During the 1990-91 recession. African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black, Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.36. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical example of____.A) crime against humanityB) unfair business transactionC) racial conflicts in GeorgiaD) racial segregation in America37. The barrier to democracy in 21st century America is____.A) widespread use of racist stereotypesB) prejudice against minority groupsC) deep-rooted socio-economic inequalityD) denial of legal rights to ordinary blacks38. What problem remains unsolved in the two Reconstructions?A) Differences between races are deliberately obscured.B) The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor.C) There is no guarantee for blacks to exercise their rights.D) The interests of blacks are not protected by law.39. It is clear that the wealth enjoyed by most whites____.A) has resulted from business successes over the yearsB) has been accompanied by black capital formationC) has derived from sizable investments in educationD) has been accumulated from generations of slavery40. What does the author think of the current situation regarding racial discrimination?A) Racism is not a major obstacle to blacks’ employment.B) Inequality of many kinds remains virtually untouchedC) A major step has been taken towards reparations.D) Little has been done to ensure blacks’ civil rights.Part III V ocabulary (20 minutes)Direction: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.41. Because of the of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.A)originality B) subjectivityC) generality D) ambiguity42. With its own parliament and currency and a common ___ for peace, the European Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—open for business.A) inspiration B) assimilationC) intuition D) aspiration43. America has now adopted more _________ European-style inspection systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.A) discrete B) solemnC) rigorous D) autonomous44. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an ___ spur to efficiency and innovation.A) extravagant B) exquisiteC) intermittent D) indispensable45. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are ___ today.A) transient B) commonplaceC) implicit D) elementary46. I was so ___ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.A) immersed B) assaultedC) thrilled D) dedicated47. His arm was ___ from the shark’s mouth and reattached, but the boy, who already died, remained in a delicate condition.A)retrieved B) retainedC) repelled D) restored48. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has ___ to be the Greatest American.A) appointed B) appeasedC) nicknamed D) dominated49. The ___ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.A) overflowing B) overwhelmingC) prevalent D) premium50. We will also see a ___ increase in the number of televisions per household, as small TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors.A) startling B) surpassingC) suppressing D) stacking51. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ___ values and ideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A) enriched B) enlightenedC) cherished D) chartered52. Researchers have discovered that ___ with animals in an active way may lower aperson’s blood pressure.A) interacting B) integratingC) migrating D) merging53. The Beatles, the most famous British band of the 196.s, traveled worldwide for many years, _________ cultural barriers.A) transporting B) transplantingC) transferring D) transcending54. In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ___ him of much of hissight.A) relieved B) jeopardizedC) deprived D) eliminated55. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bones become denser and less ___ to injury.A) attached B) proneC) immune D) reconciled56. He has ___ to museums hundreds of his paintings as well as his entire personalcollection of modern art.A) ascribed B) attributedC) designated D) donated57. Erik’s website contains ___ photographs and hundreds of articles and short videosfrom his trip around the globe.A) prosperous B) gorgeousC) spacious D) simultaneous58. Optimism is a ___ shown to be associated with good physical health, less depressionand longer life.A) trail B) traitC) trace D) track59. The institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students make a successful ___ into college life.A) transformation B) transmissionC) transition D) transaction60. Philosophers believe that desire, hatred and envy are “negative emotions” which ___the mind and lead it into a pursuit of power and possessions.A) distort B) reinforceC) exert D) scramble61. The term “glass ceiling” was first used by the Wall Street Journal to describe the apparent barriers that prevent women from reaching the top of the corporate ___.A) seniority B) superiorityC) height D) hierarchy62. Various efforts have been made over the centuries to predict earthquakes, including observing lights in the sky and ___ animal behavior.A) abnormal B) exoticC) absurd D) erroneous63. Around 80 percent of the ___ characteristics of most white Britons have beenpassed down from a few thousand Ice Age hunters.A) intelligible B) randomC) spontaneous D) genetic64. Picasso gained popularity in the mid-20th century, which was ___ of a new attitude towards modern art.A) informative B) indicativeC) exclusive D) expressive65. The country was an island that enjoyed civilized living for a thousand years or more with little ___ from the outside world.A) disturbance B) discriminationC) irritation D) irregularity66. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and ________ .A) stability B) capabilityC) durability D) availability67. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ___ theworld with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.A) inhibited B) extinguishedC) quenched D) stunned68. If we continue to ignore the issue of global warming, We will almost certainly suffer the_________ effects of climatic changes worldwide.A) dubious B) drasticC) trivial D) toxic69. According to the theory of evolution, all living species are the modified ___ of earlier species.A) descendants B) dependantsC) defendants D) developments70. The panda is an endangered species, which means that it is very likely to become ___ without adequate protection.A) intact B) insaneC) extinct D) exemptPart ⅣError Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a。
湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末联考英语试卷
武汉市部分重点中学20232024学年度上学期期末联考高二英语试卷命审题单位：武汉六中英语学科组审题单位：圆创教育研究中心湖北省武昌实验中学本试卷共10页，67题。
满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
考试时间：2024年1月24日下午14：0016：00★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1. 答题前，先将自己已的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
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第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15.B. ￡9. 18.C. ￡9. 15.答案是C。
1. What will the speakers do on Thursday?A. Play football.B. Watch a movieC. Go hiking.2. What does the man want to do?A. Place an order.B. Design a uniform.C. Form a team.3. What is Sally’s favorite city?A. Paris.B. Madrid.C. Venice.4. Where will the speakers go?A. To a cafe.B. To a dessert shop.C. To a bookstore.5. What relation is Mr. Gomez to the man?A. His teacher.B. His client.C. His boss.第二节(共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试-15_真题-无答案
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试-15(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Grammar and VocabularyA. ProofreadingFor a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word. Mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word. Cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Although cosmetic surgery( and non-surgically cosmetic 1 ______ procedures, such as Botox injections)sometimes procedure negativeoutcomes—media often highlights surgery" disasters"— 2 ______ in the most part, the health risk for cosmetic procedures 3 ______is low and patient satisfaction is high. Often, people who have beenhobbled By poor body image all of their life, walk away from 4 ______ cosmetic surgery in confidence and the motivation to lead 5 ______ healthier lives. In addition, reconstructive surgery for burning 6 ______and accident victims or to those disfigured from disease restore 7 ______self-esteem and well-being in the way that other therapy cannot. 8 ______In my professional opinion, it is a time for members of the 9 ______**munity to examine the benefits and results ofcosmetic surgery with prejudice and jealousy. 10 ______1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.B. Choose the word or phrase that can be used to replace the underlined part in each sentence1. Because noises modulate radiofrequency, radio stations use a band of frequencies to prevent interference with other stations.A. govern B. adapt C. temper D. renovate2. A fossil is a remnant of a once-living organism.A. bone B. solvent C. picture D. vestige3. When squashed the stem and the leaves of the jewelweed exude a juice that soothe some skin irritations.A. boiled B. aged C. crushed D. chopped4. The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.A. tradition B. rule C. observance D. maneuver5. Ocean waves can cut imposing cliffs along coastlines.A. immobile B. impermeable C. impressive D. imaginative6. Mergers may be effective to revive or rejuvenate failing business by the infusion of new management and personnel.A. inspection B. introduction C. evaluation D. concentration7. A fable is a didactic tale focus on a single character trail.A. an authentic B. a muddied C. an instructive D. an old—fashioned8. **pact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions.A. complete B. tiresome C. reliable D. cumbersome9. Author Katherine Sherwood Mcdowell had a knack for converting almost every experience into marketable prose.A. an aptitude for B. an obsession with C. an alternative to D. a purpose for10. South Carolina's mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined.A. profitably B. safely C. easily D. extensively11. Ravaged by pollution and war, many famous monuments have become eroded and stained.A. discolored B. dismembered C. displaced D. distinctive12. Orioles are arboreal birds, and when they descend to the ground, it is mainly together nest materialsA. territorial B. tree-dwelling C. consummate D. grumpy13. Lousia may Alcott' s novel Little Women, which recounts the experiences of the four marchsisters during the American civil war, is largely autobiographical.A. praises B. narrates C. exaggerates D. classifies14. Fertilizer applied to soil can replace depleted nutrients.A. organic B. acidic C. exhausted D. desirable15. Galena, the chief ore of lead, is a brittle mineral with a metallic luster.A. hazel B. dense C. breakable D. sparking16. In Hawaii, endemic birds, such as the omao and the apapane, dwell in the volcanic highlands and tropical rain forests.A. alluring B. dense C. graceful D. native17. Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.A. determined B. argued C. hypothesized D. griped18. Pocahomta, a seventeenth century Powhatan Indian, went to the Jamestown colony as her father's emissary.A. ward B. attendant C. messenger D. translator19. Neon light is utilized in airport because it can permeate fog.A. pass through B. transmit C. suspend D. break up20. Alxender Woollcott's flamboyant **bined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.A. devious B. humorous C. singular D. showyC. Choose the word or phrase that **pletes each sentence1. The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the ______ in which they develop : for example, leaves display a wider range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.A. relationship B. sequence C. patterns D. environment2. Since most, if not all learning occurs through ______, relating one observation to another, it would be strange indeed if the study of other cultures did not also illuminate the study of our town.A. assumptions B. experiments C. comparisons D. repetitions3. He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered ______ bordering on hostility.A. patience B. discretion C. ineptitude D. indifference4. Although Simpson was ingenious at ______ to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.A.intending B. contriving C. forbearing D. declining5. Because modern scientist find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as only of ______ interest.A. historical B. intrinsic C. experimental D. superfluous6. In spite of the increasing ______ of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented.A. impartiality B. judiciousness C. polarity D. consistency7. Ironically, the proper use of figurative language must be based on the denotative meaning of the words, because it is the failure to recognize this ______ meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their attendant incongruity.A. esoteric B. literal C. allusive D. symbolic8. Although any destruction of vitamins caused by food irradiation could be ______ the use of diet supplements, there may be no protection from carcinogens that some fear might be introduced into foods by the process.A. counterbalanced by B. attributed to C. augmented with D. stimulated by9. Data concerning the effects on an small population of high concentrations of a potentially hazardous chemical are frequently used to ______ the effects on a large population of lower amounts of the same chemical.A. verify B. redress C. predict D. realize10. Early critics of Emily Dickinson's poetry mistook for simplemindedness the surface of artlessness that in fact she constructed with such ______.A. astonishment B. vexation C. allusion D. cunning11. After a show sales start early in the year, mobile homes have been gaining favor as ______ to increasingly expensive conventional housing.A. a reaction B. an addition C. an introduction D. an alternative12. Although adolescent maturational and development states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing ______ with regard to onset and duration.A. lasts B. varies C. falters D. accelerates13. Psychology has slowly evolved into an ______ scientific discipline that now function autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.A. independent B. unusual C. outmoded D. uncontrolled14. Noting the murder victim's flaccid musculature and pear-like figure, she deduced that the unfortunate follow had earned his living in some ______ occupation.A. treacherous B. ill-paying C. illegitimate D. sedentary15. The discovery that, fiction excluded, all bodies fall at the same rate is so simple to state and to grasp that there is a tendency to ______ its significance.A. underrate B. reassess C. praise D. eliminate16. The painting was larger than it appeared to be, for hanging in a darkened recess of the chapel, it was ______ by the perspective.A. improved B. diminished C. embellished D. jeopardized17. Because folk art is **pletely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art historians, their final evaluations of it necessarily remain ______.A. arbitrary B. estimable C. equivocal D. orthodox18. Although economists have traditionally considered the district to be solely an agricultural one, the ______ of the inhabitants' occupations makes such a classification obsolete.A. productivity B. diversity C. predictability D. profitability19. Although specific concerns may determine the intent of a research project, its results are often ______.A. unanticipated B. beneficial C. spectacular D. specialized20. The notion that a parasite can alter the behavior of a host organism is not mere fiction; indeed, the phenomenon is not even ______.A. observable B. real C. comprehended D. rarePart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionRead each of the following passages, choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence or answer the question, and answer the question or write a summary as is required.Passage ANotation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have originated half a millennium and more in the past—to be effectively, ageless. Early medieval chants sprang from the whole time of eternal sameness, rhythm. Then measure came. And with it came the first identifiable and precisely datable works.Where chant was of a piece with other musical traditions in being self-sufficient melody, working within a modal system, belonging to no creator (but to God) and designed for worship, the new music of the twentieth century opened a distinctively western path. The measuring of time was the beginning not only of rhythmic notation—known, far beyond Europe, to the Indian theorist Sarngadeva in the first haft of the thirteenth century—but also of music involving coordination among singers carrying different melodies, of polyphony. This, too, was by no meansconfined to the wedge of land between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: the gamelan music of Bali, a tradition independent of Europe, is comparable with early western polyphony in its superposition of different time streams, fast and slow, while the music of many sub- Saharan African peoples often piles up dissimilar rhythmic layers in ways foreign to Europe outside certain special repertories(fourteenth-century song and some music since 1950). But, from the twelfth century to the fifteenth, polyphony in the west gradually moved away from the repetitive structures that were retained on Bali or in central Africa as Europeans discovered how harmony could result in continuous flow.The source, as of so much in western culture, was a misunderstanding of classical Greek knowledge, again acquired through Boethius. He had nothing to say about harmony in the sense of chords, but he conveyed a Geek satisfaction in the primacy of the octave and the fifth, which medieval musicians took as models of consonance (the **bining notes). Just as essential were **binations, lacking euphony, for these would intensity the need of for consonance. A dissonance placed immediately before a final consonance would produce a firmly conclusive ending—a cadence, such as became an essential of western music. Extending back from the cadence, the forces of harmony, marshaled through relationships between each chord and the next, could amplify the last note. Thus time measured became time decisively having a goal, and music could emulate the progress in every human soul towards eternity.Music mirrored, too, how time generally was being told. Guido's staff notation came roughly when water clocks were reintroduced from Byzantium and Islam, enabling monks to know when a service was due from the level reached by water slowly filling a vessel. Thus reading, whether of a chant book or a water gauge, substituted for memory and intuition. Exact synchrony between music and time was lost a little when clockwork mechanisms appeared in the mid—thirteenth century, half a century later than the gear-driven music produced at Notre Dame in Paris. However, the perfection of hour-chiming with hour-chiming capabilities, in the astronomical clock made by Richard Wallingford for St. Albans Abbey (1327-1336), strikingly coincided with the perfection of rhythmic notation that spread from Paris and gave music its own machinery of time lengths.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to answer the question or complete the sentence.1. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?A. The development of rhythm B. Time measured C. Notation and time D. Music and civilization2. It can be inferred from the passage that before notation appeared ______.A. music was always renewed and could last only as long as memory B. music presented people with three times at once : the now in which they heard it, the then in which it was made, and the further then of when the piece **posed C. polyphony had already been developed to such a degree that different melodies carried by different singers could form a coordinated harmony D. music mostly was not improvised and was not dated with precision3. The author would most likely consider Western music and the music of non- Western cultures as ______.A. respectively revolutionary and conservative B. equal but distinct C. both homogeneous and heterogeneous D. illustrative of advancement and backwardness4. The passage states that ______.A. music and **plement each other and contradict each other B.rhythmic notation appeared because human beings could tell time in a new way C. notation appeared when musical works were no longer anonymous and non- datable D. the appearance of rhythmic notation manifests a new stage of human being's quantitative method of thought5. Write a summary.Summarize the passage in 4 or 5 sentences.Passage BFrench toys: one could not find a better illustration of the fact that the adult Frenchman sees the child as another self. All the toys **monly sees essentially a microcosm of the adult world: they are all reduced copies of human objects, as if in the eyes of the public the child was, all told, nothing but a smaller man, a homunculus to whom must be supplied objects of his own size.Invented forms are very rare: a few sets of blocks, which appeal to the spirit do-it- yourself, are the only ones which offer dynamic forms, as for the others. French toys always mean something, and this something is always entirely socialized, constituted by the myths or the techniques of modern adult life: the army, broadcasting, the post office, medicine (miniature instrument-cases, operating theaters for dolls), school, hair styling ( driers for permanent-waving ), the air force ( parachutists ), transport (trains, Citroens, Vedettes, Vespas, petrol stations), science(Martian toys).The fact that French toys literally prefigure the world of adult functions obviously cannot but prepare the child to accept them all, by constituting for him, even before he can think about it, the alibi of a Nature which has at all times created soldiers, postmen, and Vespas. Toys here reveal the list of all the things the adults does not find unusual: war, bureaucracy, ugliness, Martians, etc. It is not so much, in fact, the imitation which is the sigh of an abdication, as its literalness: French toys are like a Jivaro head, in which one recognizes, shrunken to the size of an apple, the wrinkles and hair of an adult. There exist, for instance, dolls which urinate; they have an esophagus, one gives them a bottle, they wet their nappies; soon, no doubt, milk will turn to water in their stomachs. This is meant to prepare the little girl for the causality of housekeeping, to "condition" her to her future role as a mother. However, faced with this world of faithful **plicated objects, the child can only identify himself as owner, as user, never as creator; he does not invent the world, he uses it : There are, prepared for him, actions without adventure, without wonder, without joy. He is turned into a little stay-at-home householder who does not even have to invent the mainsprings of adults causality; they are supplied to him ready-made: He has only to help himself, he is never allowed to discover anything from start to finish. The merest set of blocks, provided it is not too refined, implies a very different learning of the world: Then, the child does not in any way create meaningful objects, it matters little to him whether they have an adult name; the actions he performs are not those of a user hut those of a demiurge. He creates forms which walk, which roll, he creates life, not property: Objects no, act by themselves, they are no longer than inert **plicated material in the palm of his hand. But such toys are rather rare ~ French toys are usually based on imitation, they are meant to produce children who are users, not creators.The bourgeois status of toys can be recognized not only in their forms, which are all functional, but also in their substances. Current toys are made of a graceless material, the product of chemistry, not of nature. Many are now molded **plicated mixtures; the plastic material ofwhich they are made has an appearance at once gross and hygienic, it destroys all the pleasure, the sweetness, the humanity of touch. A sign which fills one with consternation is the gradual disappearance of wood, in spite of its being an ideal material because of its firmness and its softness, and the natural warmth of its touch. Wood removes, from all the forms which it supports, the wounding quality of angles which are too sharp, the chemical coldness of metal. When the child handles it and knocks it, it neither vibrates nor grates, it has a sound at once muffled and sharp. It is a familiar and poetic substance, which does not sever the child from close contact with the tree, the table, the floor. Wood does not wound or break down: it does not shatter, it wears out, it can last a long time, live with the child, alter little by little the relations between the object and the band. If it dies, it is in dwindling, not in swelling out like those mechanical toys which disappear behind the hernia of a broken spring. Wood makes essential objects, objects for all time. Yet there hardly remain any of these wooden toys from the Yoseges, these fretwork farms with their animals, which were only possible, it is true, in the days of the craftsman. Henceforth, toys are chemical in substance and color; their very material introduces one to a coenaesthesis of use, not pleasure. These toys die in fact very quickly, and once dead, they have no posthumous life for the child.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence.1. In this passage, the author analyzes French toys for clues that reveal ______.A. how toys prevent children from getting access to social reality and being educated in earlier ways of life B. toys as barriers between the real cultural and ideological functions of toys and their functions of replicating nature C. how French toys in substance, from, and material reconfirms French values and ways of life D. toys as ideologically constituted loaded with the myths or traditions of modern adult life2. The passage is overall ______.A. informal and ironic B. critical yet sympathetic C. academic and philosophic D. observant and satiric3. By "it is not so much, in fact, the imitation which is the sign of an abdication, as its literalness" in Paragraph 2, the author means to say that the ______ of French toys is the sign of an abdication.A. literariness B. precision C. verbatim D. verisimilitude4. The author of the passage believes that more ______ toys are less likely to carry the ideological signs of the culture and thus allow for more freedom and creativity on the part of the child.A. primitive B. sophisticated C. abstract D. elaborate5. Answer the question according to the passage.According to the passage, in what ways are French toys problematic? Answer the question in 4 or 5 sentences.Passage CAmerican ethnocentricity, while manifest in general attitudes toward others is, of course, tempered somewhat by the very heterogeneity of the population that we have been examining. Thus, while there are the broad standard-expressed in the ways most Americans set goals for theirchildren, organize their political lives, and think about their society in contrast to others-living in our racial and ethnic mosaic makes us more inclined to think in terms of layers or circles of familiarity. A black from Chicago feels and thinks very American in Iago or Nairobi as does an Italian from Brooklyn when visiting relatives in Calabria or Sicily. But when they get home, they will generally reveal to feeling "black" in contrast to " white" and Italian in comparison to other Americans in their **munities.Ethnocentrism is found in political as well as in ethnic contexts. Much of the discussion of patriotism and loyalty is couched in language that reflects rather narrow culture-bound thinking. At various periods in our history this phenomenon has been particularly marked—we remind ourselves of the nativistic movements of the pre-Civil War period, of the anti-foreign organizations during the time of greatest immigration, and the McCarthyism of the early 1950s. During the McCarthy era there was a widespread attempt to impose the notion that anyone who had ever joined a Marxist study group, supported the Loyalist in the Spanish Civil War, or belonged to any one of a number of liberal organizations was "un-American."It is clear that not only those "over the sea" are viewed (and view others) ethnocentrically. These distinctions between "they" and "we" exist within societies as well. In modem industrial societies most individuals belong to a wide array of social groups that differentiate them from others—familial, religious, occupational, recreational, and so on. Individuals are frequently caught in a web of conflicting allegiances. This situation is often surmounted by a hierarchical ranking of groups as referents for behavior. In most societies, including our own, the family is the primary reference group. As we have seen in the U. S. , ethnic or racial identity and religious groups are often judged on the basis of how closely they conform to the standards of the group passing judgment.Thus, several studies have shown that in American society many whites holding Christian beliefs, who constitute both the statistical majority and the dominant group, rank minorities along a continuum of social acceptability. They rate members of minority groups in descending order in terms of how closely the latter approximate their image of "real Americans." Early studies of "social distance" indicated that most ranked groups in the following manner- Protestants from Europe at the top, then, Irish Catholics, Iberians, Italians, Jews, Spanish-Americans. American-born Chinese and Japanese, blacks, and foreign-born Asians. A 1966 study suggested the following rank order: English, French, Swedes, Italians, Scots, Germans, Spaniards, Jews, Chinese, Russians, and blacks. While, over the years, most Americans generally have considered those of English or Canadian ancestry to be acceptable citizens, good neighbors, social equals, and desirable marriage partners, relatively few feel the same way about those who rank low in scales of social distance.There is an interesting correlate to this finding. Investigators have found that minority-group members themselves tend to accept the dominant group's ranking system—with one exception, each tends to put his or her own group at the top of the scale.Ranking in one characteristic of ethnocentric thinking- generalizing is another. The more another group differs from one's own, the more one is likely to generalize about its social characteristics and to hold oversimplified attitudes towards its members. When asked to describe our close friends, we are able to cite their idiosyncratic traits, we may distinguish among subtle differences of physiognomy, demeanor, intelligence, and interests. It becomes increasingly diffcult to make the same careful evaluation of casual neighbors; it is almost impossible when we think ofpeople we do not know at first- hand. Understandably, the general tendency is to assign strangers to available group categories that seem to be appropriate. Such labeling is evident in generalized images of "lazy" Indians, " furtive " Japanese, " passionate " Latins, and " penny-pinching" Scots.Ranking others according to one's own standards and categorizing them into generalized stereotypes together serve to widen the gap between "they" and "we." Freud has written that "in the undisguised antipathies and aversions which people feel toward strangers with whom they have to do we may recognize the expression of self- love—of narcissism," in sociological terms, a function of ethnocentric thinking is the enhancement of group cohesion. There is a close relationship between a high degree of ethnocentrism on the part of one group and an increase of antipathy toward others. This relationship tends to hold for ethnocentrism of both dominant and minority groups.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence.1. The author of the passage means to say that ______.A. ethnocentrism is a psychological problem B. ethnocentrism exists parochially C. ethnocentrism varies in degree and intensity in different social groups D. ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon2. According to the passage, all of the following have ethnocentric implications EXCEPT ______.A. nationalism B. family feuds C. class snobbishness D. the Holocaust3. The author states that ______.A. the minority group tends to internalize the mainstream discriminatory ideas B. less space between and among people would prevent discrimination C. treating narcissism psychoanalytically would reduce the degree of ethnocentrism D. judging people from their point of view tends to remove ethnocentrism4. The disciplinary, background of the author is most likely to beA. political science B. psychology C. sociology D. anthropology5. Answer the question according to the passage.What ideas are behind the generalized image of "lazy" Indians? Answer the question in 4 or 5 sentences.Passage DNearly a century ago, biologists found that if they separated an invertebrate animal embryo into two parts at an early stage of its life, it would survive and develop as two normal embryos. This led them to believe that the ceils in the early embryo are undetermined in the sense that each cell has the potential to develop in a variety of different ways. Late biologists found that the situation was not so simple. It matters in which plane the embryo is cut. If it is cut in a plane different from the one used by the early investigators, it will not form two whole embryos.A debate arose over what exactly was happening. Which embryo cells are determined, just when do they become **mitted to their fates and what are the "morphogenetic determinants" that tell a cell what to become? But the debate could not be resolved because no one was able to ask the crucial questions in a form in which they could be pursued productively. Recent discoveriesin molecular biology, however, have opened up prospects for a resolution of the determinants in early development. They have been able to show that, in a sense, ceil determination begins even before an egg is fertilized.Studying sea urchins, biologist Paul Gross found that an unfertilized egg contains substances that function as morphogenetic determinants. They are located in the cytoplasm of the egg cell, i.e. , in that part of the cell's protoplasm that lies outside of the nucleus. In the unfertilized egg, the substances ate inactive and are not distributed homogeneously. When the egg is fertilized, the substances become active and, presumable, govern the behavior of the genes they interact with. Since the substances are unevenly distributed in the egg, when the fertilized egg divides, the resulting cells are different from the start and so can be qualitatively different in their own gene activity.The substances that Gross studied are maternal messenger RNA's—products of certain of the maternal genes. He and other biologists studying a wide variety of organisms have found that these particular RNA's direct, in large part, the synthesis of histones a class of proteins that bind to round them to form a structure that resembles beads, or knots, on a string. The beads are DNA segments wrapped around the histone; the string is the intervening DNA. And it is the structure of these beaded DNA strings that guides the fate of the cells in which they are located.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence or answer the question.1. The passage is most probably directed at which kind of audience?A. State legislators deciding about funding levels for a state-funded biological laboratory. B. Readers of an alumni newsletter published by the college that Paul Gross attended C. Marine biologists studying the processes that give rise to new species. D. Undergraduate biology majors in molecular biology course2. It can be inferred form the passage that the morphogenetic determinants present in the early embryo are ______.A. evenly distributed unless the embryo is not developing normally B. inactive until the embryo cells become **mitted to their final function C. identical to those that were already present in the unfertilized egg D. present in larger quantities than is necessary for the development of a single individual3. The main topic of the passage is ______.A. the main contribution of modern embryology to molecular biology B. the role of molecular biology in disproving older theories of embryonic development C. cell determination as an issue in the study of embryonic development D. scientific dogma as a factor in the recent debate over the value of molecular biology4. According to the passage, the morphogenetic determinants present in the unfertilized egg cell are which of the following ?A. histones B. maternal messenger RNA' s C. cytoplasm D. nonbeaded intervening DNA5. Write a summarySummarize the passage in 4 or 5 sentences.Part Ⅲ Writing。
管理沟通的要素
反馈(freeback)----偏差与局限性
所谓反馈,就是 将系统的输出通过一定 通道回输到系统的输入端,从而对系统的 输入和再输出施加影响的过程.反馈的形 式是多种多样的,可以是有形的,也可以 是无形的(如通信或社会反响).
正反馈: 经过一系列输出之后,反馈系统的输 出与目标偏差越来越大.
负反馈: 经过一系列输出之后,反馈系统的输 出与目标偏差减小
表达能力包括语言表达能力和非语言表 达能力
第30页，此课件共43页哦
语言表达的基本原则：
1、简明扼要原则
要做到语言简练，其一要抓住内容的核心，有条理组织语言 其二是少用或最好不用套
话、空话和俗话，不要重复没有内容、新信息的话语。其三是不要担心对方接收理解能力，
没有必要解释的概念直接提出来就可以了。
来表达？
第7页，此课件共43页哦
我的建议是为了听众的利益吗？
●听众的需要和动机是什么？ 成就需要、交往需要、权力需要
●激发你的听众： 明确他们的利益 给予更高的可信度 提供新的信息
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结论
●进行客体导向沟通（站在听众的角度、 了解客体）。
●与听众沟通的关键是，他获得了什么 （利益），而不是沟通内容本身。
２ 性格（广）人与其他人不同的心理特征．（狭）人对现实的稳定度以及与之相 适应的习惯了的行为方式．性格表现既包括行为的方式又包括实践的方式和思维， 意志，情感等心理活动的方式．
性格矛盾具有完整性和矛盾性 性格结构的确定性，指的是一个人对周围事物所持有的恒常的态度倾向． 性格结构具有复杂性和主导性． 性格结构具有表层和深层的特征
第14页，此课件共43页哦
信息的设计应考虑什么？
●针对特定的听众，何种信息可以实现你 的目标？
新课标2019版人教版高中英语必修三单词表
memory
n.记忆力;回忆
161
in memory of
作为对……的纪念
162
chain
n.一连串（人或事）；链子；链条
163
café
n.咖啡馆;小餐馆
164
waitress
n.(餐馆的}女服务员;女侍者
165
pregnant
adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
166
disguise
vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖。n.伪装；化妆用具
n.诊所;门诊部
126
faraway
adj.遥远的
127
elect
选举；推选
128
election
n.选举；推选;当选
129
decade
n.十年；十年期
130
elsewhere
n.在别处；去别处
131
tend
vt.照顾、照料；n.倾向;趋于
132
tend to do sth
易于做某事;往往会发生某事
140
scared
adj.害怕的;对......感到惊慌或恐惧的
141
scare
vt.惊吓；使害怕。vi.受惊吓
142
sharp
adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的;锋利的；明显的
143
insurance
n.保险;保险业
144
energetic
adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的
145
replace
vt.接替；取代;更换
n.绝望。vi.绝望；感到无望
176
in despair
处于绝望中
177
migh
n.力量;威力
literary genres英语文学体裁介绍
/wiki/English_f olklore
Historical Fiction
Story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting.
Mythology
Legend or traditional narrative, often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods.
e.g. the four tragedies by W. Shakespeare: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear
Fable
Narration demonstrating a useful truth, especially in which animals speak as humans; legendary, supernatural tale.
e.g. The Roman Mythology The Greek Mythology
Poetry
Verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that creates emotional responses.
e.g. the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey Shakespeare’s sonnets poets: Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Alfred Tennyson, John Donne, Ben Jonson, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walt Whitman, William Bulter Yeats, John Keats, John Milton, Edmund Spencer,
泡泡屋,鹿特丹,荷兰
泡泡屋,鹿特丹,荷兰尚晋【期刊名称】《世界建筑》【年(卷),期】2016(000)011【总页数】4页(P96-99)【作者】尚晋【作者单位】【正文语种】中文泡泡屋是世界上最轻巧、最短暂的建筑，它全部由肥皂泡制成。
泡泡屋促使人们去动手和交往，因为它只有在游人亲自、集体动手建造时才会出现。
泡泡屋由16个六边形水池组成；这是水泡挤在一起时的天然形式。
这些钢水池在一起形成了35m2的反射面。
游人可以穿上橡胶靴，小心地踏在上面。
那是一种超现实的景象，仿佛人们在水面上行走。
这座建筑本身是无法直接看到的；只有几个把手控制着秘密。
当每个人都站好自己的位置，拉起钢架时，就会在一瞬间创造出瞬时的奇观。
巨大的彩虹色泡泡墙从地上升起，犹如用流动的玻璃造出的水立面，而且永不重复。
一旦泡泡消失，无论童叟都会意犹未尽：重建，然后再重建。
虽然这座建筑是临时性的，但所体现的建筑主题却是纪念性的。
它能让人触摸到建筑和重建的永恒循环。
反复消失的泡泡暗示着经济的危机及其对房地产业乃至建筑的影响。
在这个思路上，泡泡屋也与集体建造的新形式有关，因为建造一个单元至少需要两个人。
参加的人越多，建筑就越大。
来此参观的游客可以照下泡泡，使他们自己的纪念版永久保留。
社交媒体上的泡泡屋层出不穷。
这座建筑真正的美就在这些照片中：记忆。
泡泡屋归根结底是关于美的。
鹿特丹哲学家伊拉斯谟曾说“人就是肥皂泡”。
生命稍纵即逝，昙花一现更美丽，因为她只存在于一瞬中。
所以尽情享受吧！（尚晋译）项目信息/Credits and Data客户/Client: 鹿特丹节庆委员会与鹿特丹国际建筑双年展/Rotterdam Festivals & IABR (International Architecture Biennial Rotterdam)项目团队/Project team: Hans Vermeulen, Martine de Wit, Hedwig Heinsman, Inara Nevskaya, Jan Haeck, Martijn van Wijk摄影/Photos: DUS ArchitectsThe World's Most Temporary PavilionThe Bubble Building is the world's most delicate and temporary pavilion,made entirely of soap film. It instigates action and interaction, as it only appears when visitors build it themselves, yet collectively. The Bubble Building consists of 16 hexagonal shaped ponds; a form found naturally in clustered bubbles. Together, the steel ponds add up to 35m2of reflective surface. Visitors can carefully tread on here, wearing rubber boots. It's a surreal image, as if they are walking on water. The building itself is nowhere to be seen just yet; only a few handle bars hint at what needs to be done. Once everyone positions themselves and pulls up the steel frames, the pavilion shows. It is an instant spectacle. Immense iridescent soap walls appear, like a wafer thin facade of fluid glass, each time different. Once the bubble pops, what remains is the enthusiasm in young and old to do it again. And again.While the building is temporary, the architectural themes it refers to aremonumental. It makes tangible the eternal cycle of building and rebuilding. Additionally, the popping bubble alludes to the economic crisis and its effects on the real estate sector and consequently, architecture. Continuing this thought, the Bubble Building is also about emerging new forms of collective building, as it takes at least two persons to erect one cell of the pavilion. The more people join in, the larger the pavilion can potentially become.Visitors of the pavilion are invited to eternalize their own momentary version of the pavilion in a bubble snapshot. With the aid of social media numerous different bubble buildings are joined. It is in these pictures that the true beauty of the pavilion is found: the remembrance. As ultimately, the Bubble Building is about beauty. Rotterdam philosopher Erasmus once said "homo bulla est", or "man is a soap bubble". Life is ephemeral. It is said that a temporary experience is more delightful, because of the fact that it is only temporary. So enjoy it to the fullest!评论青锋：表面看来，如果我们以维特鲁威的三原则为准绳的话，泡泡建筑几乎在各个方面都代表着建筑的对立面。
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Media: Fact or Fable(2)Part One1Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given.1、 speculateA. Neither model considers growth in the size of ______ markets such as that experienced by many of the new financial futures markets.B. President Obama's promised "crackdown" on ______ is another example of his using government to strangle markets and increase control over the private economy.2、 involveA. Washington has denied any ______ in the murders and Israel has declined to comment.B. Rather, the legal analysis was strengthened to reflect the extremely high legal thresholds ______.3、 parasiteA. It becomes a ______ relationship, with all of the affection going to the narcissist.B. This thought has been ______ attached to my brain for the last several weeks.4、 supposeA. Another video has appeared that ______ breaks clown the original video as a hoax.B. Once you discredit what the witnesses said, you have nothing left on which to base your own theory except ______ and conjecture which is less reliable than witness statements.5、 slantA. In 1882 Charles Dow and Edward Jones founded Dow Jones & Company on the premise that business news could be reported in a lively but level-headed, ______ style.B. The ancient Colosseum of Rome, where gladiators fought for their lives, is ______ about 40cm lower on the south side than on the north.6、 conformA. Women of the late fifties largely spent all their time trying to look conservatively, ______ beautiful.B. ______ is best explained in relation to peer pressure, especially when large groups of people hold the same opinions.7、 conserveA. Some ______ seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism and seek a return to "the way things were".B. Roosevelt was deeply committed to ______ natural resources, and is considered to be the nation's first ______ President.8、 saturateA. ______ fat in meat is the primary danger to the heart.B. Clouds form where and when the air drops to a temperature below the ______ point.9、 adverseA. One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards ______.B. Today, the press reports on the president's every movement, which at times has resulted in an ______ relationship between the two.10、 counselA. Program provides grants to state and regional organisations to provide free rural financial ______ to primary producers, fishers and small rural businesses who are suffering financial hardship.B. Many people waste a lot of time and money with a ______ or therapist who is not a "good fit" for them, resulting in very little progress or even negative changes in their lives.2Judge which of the following underlined parts is wrong and make corrections.11、 There are great impediments to the general use of a standard inpronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling. One is the fact thatpronunciation is learned "naturally" and unconsciously, and orthography is learned deliberately and consciously.A. impedimentsB. comparableC. existingD. and12、 Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds like when we speak, and it often comesas a shock when we first hear a recording of ourselves.A. remainB. withC. likeD. recording13、 Woodchoppers and the Iron Horse had not thus greatly damaged the beautyof its setting. A boy could go to the pond and lie on his back against the seat of a boat, lazily drifting from shore to shore while the loons dived and the swallows dipped around him.A. thusB. settingC. lie on his backD. around14、 This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam. Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O.A. ofB. ChemicallyC. whichD. is15、 During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the verylifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and theprice of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.A. wasB. yieldC. inD. feelingPart TwoClozeDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks."ZUCKERBERG'S rocket, ready for 16 " was the title of our article about Facebook's upcoming initial public offering (IPO) that ran in last week's 17 of The Economist. As the first day of trading in its shares, expected to be May 18th, 18 , the rocket's payload is getting bigger. On May 16th the social network revealed it was 19 the number of shares available by 25%, to 421m, on the back of increased demand. On May 17th it set the price of its 20 at $38 each, 21 the company at $104 billion. The IPO is expected to raise more than $18 billion, making it one of the biggest in American 22 history.The fact that Facebook's 23 is already said to be heavily oversubscribed is remarkable for a couple of reasons. One is that it is taking place 24 the 25 of a turbulent global economy, with 26 in the euro-zone helping to depress stock markets almost everywhere. The other is that 27 continue to be raised about the company's ability to 28 huge growth in its core online advertising business, which accounts 29 more than four-fifths of its revenues. Yet this will be essential if thefirm 30 its lofty valuation.The 31 case for Facebook 32 on the belief that the company canhit a mother-lode of ad dollars by finding new advertising 33 in the sameway that, say, Google has minted money from text ads 34 alongside searchresults. But some companies are clearly not 35 by the social network's efforts so far.16、 A. embarkation B. lift-off C. blast D. shooting17、 A. issue B. copy C. volume D. article18、 A. coming B. yet C. still D. approaches19、 A. boost B. boosted C. boosting D. boosts20、 A. shares B. security C. bonds D. stocks21、 A. to value B. valuing C. valued D. values22、 A. corporate B. business C. shares D. economic23、 A. shares B. lift-off C. offering D. rocket24、 A. at B. in C. against D. on25、 A. backdrop B. base C. decline D. plunge26、 A. exchanges B. chaos C. disruptions D. relevance27、 A. doubts B. skepticism C. question D. rumours28、 A. make B. convince C. fulfill D. generate29、 A. in B. for C. to D. with30、 A. being justified B. justifies C. is to be justified D. is to justify31、 A. bearish B. bullish C. optimistic D. pessimistic32、 A. based B. proves C. set D. rests33、 A. layout B. field C. formats D. websites34、 A. listing B. writing C. placed D. put35、 A. convinced B. benefited C. believed D. establishedGrammar and VocabularyChoose one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.36、 But these ideas have been much slower to take ______ where they matter most: the state laws and policies that overwhelmingly shape our nation's school; too many interest groups maintain full-time presence in the policy making process.A. chanceB. holdC. controlD. place37、 He said he firmly expected the following Monday would bring the ______ down on his crime.A. curtainB. showC. verdictD. screen38、 They initiate their conspiracies against their ______ enemies and persevere despite widespread hostility from society.A. imaginingB. imaginativeC. imaginableD. imaginary39、 A little planning with some minor changes can help you eat healthy without ______ your budget.A. hurtingB. outstandingC. breakingD. experienced40、 This policy ______ be valid ______ all the particulars remain unamended and the policy is issued with the Agent's signature or the seal of the branch of the issuing company.A. shall, evenB. shall not, unlessC. shall, unlessD. shall not, only if答案:Part One11、 speculative, speculators2、 involvement, involved3、parasitic, parasitically4、 supposedly, supposition5、unslanted, slanting6、 conformingly, Conformity7、conservatives, conserving, conservation8、 Saturated, saturation9、 adversity, adversarial 10、 counseling, counsellor211、 D and→whereas/but/yet 12、 B with→of 13、 A thus→yet 14、 D is→are 15、 C in→withPart TwoCloze16、B 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、A 21、B 22、A 23、C 24、C 25、A 26、B 27、A 28、D 29、B 30、D 31、B 32、D 33、C 34、C 35、A Grammar and Vocabulary36、B 37、A 38、D 39、A 40、B。