高考英语北师大版一轮单元复习学案BOOK8Unit22《EnvironmentalProtectio

话题词汇
1．circumstance n．情况；形势；环境
2．conservation n．保存；保护
3．protect v．保护
4．recycle v．回收；再循环
5．waste v．浪费
6．pollution n．污染
8．run out of用完；用尽
9．realize the importance of environment 意识到环境的重要性
10．arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection提高人们的环保意识经典语篇(2013·重庆)
调查显示，中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目
前总数不足1 000只。

假设你是李华，请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基
金组织)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。

内容应包括：
·说明写信目的
·简述江豚现状
·希望WWF如何帮助(比如：资助江豚保护项目等)
·表示感谢并期待回复
注意：1.词数不少于80；
2．书信格式及开头均已给出(不计入总词数)。

Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m a student from Chongqing，China.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
佳作欣赏
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m a student from Chongqing，China.Today I am writing to you to ask for your help to improve the situation the finless porpoise is faced with in the Yangtze River.
Because of the behavior of our human beings，the finless porpoise in the Yangtze River has been greatly influenced and will be endangered.① According to the report，its total number is less than 1,000 now.② In order to prevent them from dying out，we have founded a project，but we have difficulty in running it for lack of fund.
If you would like to help，you can provide it with necessary money.Besides，you can give us relevant training in protecting them.With your help，we believe we can improve the living environment of the finless porpoise soon，thus increasing its number.③
If we can get you help，we will be very thankful.④ We’re looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
思维发散
1．用定语从句合并第①、②两句
As is reported，the finless porpoise in the Yangtze River，whose total number has been reduced to less than 1,000，has become endangered due to human activities.
2．仿照第③句用现在分词作结果状语完成句子
More children in Beijing will reach school age next year，creating a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.
明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上学的年龄，这导致首都小学教师短缺。

(·江西南昌模拟) 3．用appreciate改写第④句
We would appreciate it if we could get your help.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A．写作单词
1．beyond (prep.)超出
2．refer (v.)指，意即
reference (n.)提到，谈及；参考，查询
3．recycle (v t.)回收利用
4．changeable (adj.)多变的
change (v.&n.)变；改变
5．arm (v t.)武装
6．separation (n.)分离，分开
separate (adj.)分开的
(v.)分离，分开
7．means (n.)方法
8．politics (n.)政治(活动)
political (adj.)政治的；政治上的
politician (n.)政治家
9．calculate (v t.)计算，算出
calculator (n.)计算器
B．阅读单词
10．trap (v t.)使困住
(n.)陷阱，夹子
11．reserve (n.)保护区
(v.)保护
reservation (n.)保护
12．principle (n.)原则，道德准则
13．relevant (adj.)有关的
14．coincidence (n.)巧合
15．condemn (v t.)迫使(某人)陷入不幸的境地；谴责16．sacrifice (v t.&v i.)牺牲；献出
17．advocate (v t.)主张，提倡
18．substitute (n.)代替品，代用品
(v.)替代
19．threaten (v t.)威胁
threat (n.)威胁
20．seize (v t.)依法没收；(用武力)夺取21．behalf (n.)代表
22．construct (v t.)建造
construction (n.)建造
23．potential (n.)可能性；潜在性
24．adopt (v t.)采用
25．considerate (adj.)想得周到的，体贴的consider (v t.)考虑
consideration (n.)考虑
26．finance (n.)资金
financial (adj.)财务的，金融的
27．allocate (v t.)分配
28．sharpen (v t.)削尖
sharp (adj.)尖的
29．rough (adj.)艰难的
30．valid (adj.)有充分理由的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．a number of一些
2．beyond one’s control超出/不受……的控制3．look ahead展望未来
4．in turn依次；轮流
5．lead to导致；通向；引起
6．take action采取行动
7．ahead of在……前面
8．apart from除……以外
9．answer for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任10．call for an end to sth.要求结束……
11．or else否则，不然
12．wrap up包起来；席卷而去；结束13．on one’s behalf代表某人；代表
14．for good永远
15．carry off掠走，夺走
16．all in all总的来说
17．result in导致
18．earn one’s living谋生
19．plug one’s ears塞住耳朵
20．all the best祝一切顺利
21．sum up总结，概括
22．as a matter of fact实际上
23．break away from摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.
如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。

2．In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate...
在过去几十年里，科学家们已达成一致并报道说人类正改变着地球的气候……
3．Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.
鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。

4．The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.
近几年一些环境灾难大面积地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。

5．There has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania.
亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过可怕的洪涝灾害。

Ⅳ.课文语法填空
In the last few decades，it has been reported that Earth’s climate is being changed and human beings will face 1.global(globe) warming.Global warming refers to 2.an average increase in the Earth’s temperature 3.that, in turn，leads to climate change.Over the last 100 years，the global average temperature has increased 4.by 1 and many experts insist that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned 5.on human activities.6.The link between human activities and 7.rising(rise) global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.8.If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge 9.quantities(quantity), we are condemning life on ernments all over the world have a 10.responsibility(responsible) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide.
1
trap n.夹子；陷阱；困境；圈套；v.使困住，使陷于；使落网
应试指导]非谓语动词句法功能的考查
(1)She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。

(2)She was trapped in the burning house at that moment.
那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。

多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision?
②Her mother Donna was trapped(trap) in the destroyed building.
③Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into it.
(2)同义句改写
He was trapped in a traffic jam，so he had to be patient，waiting.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) Trapped in a traffic jam，he had to be patient，waiting.
2
应试指导]作为高级词汇替换book
(1)Firstly，an effective way，I think，is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use.
首先，我认为一个有效的方法就是用科学的方法把水贮存起来以备将来使用。

(2)Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?
你需要提前订票吗？
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve.
(2)She told me all about it without reserve.
(3)I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
3
(1)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
任何司机被发现醉酒驾驶将被罚款。

(2)It’s beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff.
我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。

多维训练
选词填空
comprehension，reach，expression，control，recognition
(1)The car was beyond control and ran into a tree.
(2)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition.
(3)His behaviour was completely beyond comprehension.
(4)You’d better put the bottle of medicine beyond the children’s reach.
(5)To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me. 4
应试指导](1)后跟非谓语动词的考查；(2)倡议类写作高频词汇
他是自由市场政策和多党派制度的坚决拥护者。

(2)Mr.Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business.
威廉斯先生是个保守派，主张政府应减少对商业的控制。

特别提醒]
advocate后不跟不定式，跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。

多维训练
同义句改写
(1)They advocates reducing military spending.(用it作形式主语改写)
It is advocated that they should reduce military spending.
(2)The tax policy was advocated by the Opposition and was welcomed by the local people.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)
The tax policy advocated by the Opposition was welcomed by the local people.
5
应试指导]作为高级词汇替换replace
水不是酒的适当代用品。

(2)They were substituting violence for dialogue.
他们在用暴力取代对话。

词义辨析]substitute，replace
(1)这两个词的含义略有不同，substitute强调“代替，顶替”；而replace强调“替换，更换”，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的(通常用take the place of更通俗些)。

(2)在句型结构上，通常是：substitute A for B“用A代替B”(使用A)；replace A with/by B“用B替换A”(使用B)。

多维训练
(1)用substitute，replace的正确形式填空
①The driver replaced the worn-out tires with new ones.
②He substituted for the teacher who was in hospital.
(2)单句语法填空
①Can you replace the light with/by a brighter one?
②There’s no substitute for that watch.
6
(1)The strikers were threatened with dismissal if they didn’t return to work.
罢工者受到威胁说，如果它们不复工，就会被解雇。

(2)David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
大卫恐吓说，如果不赔偿他的损失，就要把他的邻居告到警察那里。

多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Terrorism is a threat to the whole country.
②He tied her up and threatened her with a six-inch knife.
③The boys stopped playing ball in the street because of the policeman’s threats to arrest(arrest) them.
(2)单句改错
While the killer goes free，he is a threat of everyone in the town.of→to
7
应试指导](1)by no means位于句首时倒装；(2)by all means交际用语的用法
(1)Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.
科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种动力的方法而工作。

(2)Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
而且，惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。

(3)—Can I see it?
—By all means.
——我可以看看吗？
——当然可以。

特别提醒]
(1)means作主语且有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

(2)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。

多维训练
(1)短语填空
①He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
②He succeeded by means of perseverance.
③—May I borrow your bicycle?
—By all means.
④She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.
(2)同义句改写
By no means is she an inexperienced teacher.(把上题句④改为倒装句)
8
应试指导]非谓语动词作定语或状语的考查
(1)Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.
应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。

(2)He couldn ’t adapt his way of life to the company.
他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。

多维训练
(1)用adopt ，adapt
的正确形式填空
The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a few months ，the child came to adapt to his new life.
(2)单句语法填空
①Having adopted(adopt) a new method ，they worked more efficiently.
②They treated their adopted(adopt) son as their own son.
9
(1)I gave away a great number of books to the children there.
我向那儿的孩子捐献了许多书。

(2)Large quantities of food and vegetables are sent to southern China where people have been
suffering from snow storms since mid-January.
大量的食物和蔬菜被送往中国南方，那里人们从一月中旬就一直遭受暴风雪。

特别提醒]
(1)a number of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多；大量”。

(2)the number of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“……的数量”。

(3)large quantities of＋名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

(4) large amounts of＋不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Large quantities of land in the area have been reserved(reserve) for national parks these years，which are(be) now home to bears，wolves，and other wild animals.
②The number of books stolen from the library is (be) large.
③A large number of books have been stolen(steal) from the library so far.
(2)单句改错
①More than one doctor were involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.were→was
②A large amount of people have known about it，so it is no secret at all.amount→number
10
应试指导]非谓语动词句法功能的考查
(1)In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada.
他在演讲中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。

(2)Our economy is referred to as a free market.
我们的经济被称作自由市场经济。

(3)In reference to your question about cost，the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.
关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。

(4)The result of the research is for reference only.
这个研究结果仅供参考。

多维训练
(1)用refer的正确形式填空
①Complete the exercises without referring to a dictionary.
②The book referred to last time has been sold out.
③There is no direct reference to her own childhood in the novel.
(2)单句改错
①The book he referred to being interesting.being→is
②The question referred at the meeting is hard to answer.referred后加to
11
all in all总而言之，总的来说
多词一义]all in all，in short，in conclusion，to conclude，in a word，in brief above all最重要的是
at all根本；全然
in all总共
after all毕竟；终究；到底
(1)All in all，you cannot be satisfied enough to get it.
总而言之，买到它你是再满意不过了。

(2)So you made it after all!
你毕竟成功了！
多维训练
用all的短语填空
(1)Children need many things；above all，they need love from their parents.
(2)In all,24 people were found guilty.
(3)What is personal development after all?
(4)There was only one who did not look at all unhappy.
12
relevant adj.重要的；有关的；相关的；切题的
单句语法填空
(1)What you said has no relevance(relevant) to the subject.
(2)It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not relevant to me.
13
多维训练
(1)It was simply one of those things，pure coincidence.
这是没办法的事，纯属巧合。

(2)By coincidence’s go together.
碰巧我也去，咱们一同走吧。

(3)It is a coincidence that he was born on his mother’s birthday.
他在他母亲生日那天出生，真是巧事。

14
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)They were condemned to a life of hardship.
(2)We condemned him for his bad behavior.
(3)If you don’t learn from the past，you are condemned(condemn) to repeat its mistakes.
15
多维训练
(1)He sacrificed a promising career to look after his handicapped daughter.
他为了照顾残疾女儿牺牲了有前途的事业。

(2)It’s not worth sacrificing your health for wealth.
你为财富牺牲健康是不值得的。

(3)He saved the child at the sacrifice of/sacrificing his life.
他为了救那个孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。

16
单句语法填空
(1)The boss was rough on him，which made him angry.
(2)Your hand was rough but strong and warm.
(3)There are roughly(rough) half a million people in the city.
17
多维训练
(1)用consider的正确形式填空
①What a pity！Considering his ability and experience，he might have done better.
②I’ve always understood one should try to be considerate of other people.
③He said there should be careful consideration of the future role of the BBC.
④Everything taken into consideration，it’s practical.
(2)同义句改写
If you take all things into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.
①All things considered，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用独立主格结构改写)
②With all things taken into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用with复合结构改写)
18
多维训练
(1)The manager allocates duties to the clerks.
经理为职员分配工作。

(2)They will allocate fund for housing.
他们将拨出建房经费。

19
多维训练
(1)用in turn，in return填空
①Increased production will，in turn，lead to increased profits.
②Can I invite you to dinner in return for your kind help?
(2)同义句改写
They took turns to drive the car.(用turn短语改写)
They drove the car by turns.
20
lead to引起，导致；造成(后果)(result in)；通往(go in a particular direction)
多维训练
(1)根据提示语填空
With him ①leading the way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which ②would lead to(导致) serious consequences.His action ③led us to believe(使我们相信) that he was our true friend.
(2)一句多译
这个政策将给这个地区带来更大的不稳定(instability)。

①This policy will lead to greater instability in the region.(lead)
②This policy will result in greater instability in the region.(result)
③This policy will contribute to greater instability in the region.(contribute)
④This policy will give rise to greater instability in the region.(rise)
21
as a matter of fact实际上
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①As a matter of fact，I’ve never been there before.
②In fact，I don’t know the truth.
(2)单句改错
He appears to be strong，but，in a matter of fact，he suffers a weak heart.in→as
22
break away from摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)；打破(陈套)
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly.
②Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
③My girlfriend had broken up with me.
④Robbers broke in and made off with 8,000.
⑤Protesters tried to break through a police cordon(警戒线)．
(2)单句改错
—I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken in.
—So am I．They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.in→up
23
Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太
空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。

句型公式：without引导的含蓄条件句
介词短语Without these naturally occurring gases代替虚拟条件句，用来表达虚拟的事实。

有时表假设的情况隐含在一些词或短语中(如otherwise，but for，or等)。

(1)Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night would be freezing cold，too cold for us to live on.
如果没有大气保持太阳的热量，夜晚的地球将会非常寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。

(2)He was busy yesterday，or he would have helped you with your experiment.
昨天很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验的。

多维训练
同义句改写
I couldn’t have finished the work so soon without your help.
(1)I couldn’t have finished the work so soon if you hadn’t helped me.(用if从句改写)
(2)I couldn’t have finished the work so soon if it hadn’t been for your help.(用if it had not been for改写)
(3)I couldn’t have finished the work so soon but for your help.(用but for改写)
24
The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.在过去的几年里，人们已经经历了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的
灾难即将来临。

句型公式：时间作主语，谓语动词see表示“经历，目睹”
see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。

与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。

(1)The following year saw the death of her parents.
第二年她的父母去世了。

(2)China has witnessed sound development in its economy.
目前中国的经济发展态势良好。

多维训练
(1)用see的正确形式填空
①Next year will see the century of Verdi’s death.
②Our hometown has seen great changes since the reform and opening-up policies started.
③The year 1949 saw the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
(2)The National Day of witnessed so many traffic jams on the expressway.
年的国庆节见证了高速路上大量的拥堵事件。

——单句语法填空
(1)Your work must be finished (finish) by tomorrow.
(2)I was made to copy (copy) ten pages of the book.
(3)The film is worthy to be seen/of being seen (see)．
(4)He said he would go (go) to Beijing the next day.
(5)He begged his father not to give(give) the puppy away.
(6)He offered to lend(lend) me some books.
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．One day，armed(配备) with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜)．(·四川)
2．For Internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid(有效的) if they can defeat academic cheating.(2013·广东)
3．While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces，roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed(建造) until there was plenty of demand for them.(2013·重庆)
4．Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice(牺牲) their lives to help defeat an enemy.(·安徽)
5．Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle(回收利用) waste(e.g.glass，paper) where possible.(·江苏)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The author writes the passage mainly to advocate teaching(teach) literature to touch the heart.(2012·江苏)
2．According to him，the weather in England is very changeable(change) and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.(2013·重庆)
3．For disabled people，“adopting(adopt) a wheelchair” is not a temporary experiment.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)
4．It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.(2012·新课标全国)
5．They can also make people feel trapped(trap) and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.(2012·江苏)
6．I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.(·湖北)
7．Projects include monitoring wildlife，path building and water and soil conservation(conserve)．(2014·广东)
8．One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly(rough) 10 jackscrews.(·湖南)
9．It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(·福建) 10．The separation(separate) between us has proved to be a blessing for me.(2014·天津)
Ⅲ.短语填空
a number of，in turn，lead to，ahead of，apart from，on behalf of，result in，as a matter of fact
1．I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.(·福建)
2．The thing is，a number of them have admitted that despite their success，they aren’t happy.(·浙江)
3．Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach，the forest was silent.(2014·重庆) 4．The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor，and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.(·湖北)
5．A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems.(2014·福建) 6．Once，I took part in a national hostess speaking contest on behalf of our school and won the first place.(·陕西)
7．There’s no reason to be disappointed.As a matter of fact，this could be rather amusing.(2014·浙江)
8．The U．S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”(·江苏)
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The snow lasted a week，resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。

2．Given their inexperience，they’ve done their best.
考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了。

3．In the last few years，China has made great achievements in environmental protection.
在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。

(·北京)
4．The city has witnessed many changes in the last five years.
这座城市见证了最近五年的许多变化。

5．There has been a general falling in ticket sales，especially among smaller clubs.
门票销售已普遍下降，尤其是在小俱乐部中间。

(2011·江西)
写作素材(关于自然灾害问题)
1．这个地区经常遭受干旱，干旱导致了贫困。

2．解决干旱问题对这个地区的人们非常重要。

3．经过顾问们的仔细考虑，人们采纳了将此灌溉工程建设在山区的建议。

4．将此工程建在山区除了可以解决干旱问题外，对于生态环境的保护也能起一定的作用。

提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用which引导的定语从句，that引导的同位语从句。

连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇60词左右的英语短文)
The area often suffered from drought，which resulted in’s very important for people in this area to solve the problem.After careful consideration of the consultants，people adopted the suggestion that this irrigation project be constructed in the mountainous area.In this way，apart from solving the drought problem，it could play a part in protecting the ecological environment.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(建议用时8′)
The African elephant，the largest land animal remaining on earth，is of great importance to African ecosystem.Unlike other animals，the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment.As a big plant-eater，it largely shapes the forest and savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives，therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day，it kills small trees and underbushes，and pulls branches off big trees.This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example.In their natural state，the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor.By pulling down trees and eating plants，elephants make open spaces，allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.In such situations，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species.If the elephant disappears，scientists say，many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of
forest and savanna，greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Disappearance of African elephants.
B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
C．The effect of African elephants’ search for food.
D．The eating habit of African elephants.
答案 C
解析主旨大意题。

本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用。

它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其它动物的生存空间。

故C正确。

2．What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?
A．Fixing the time.
B．Worsening the state.
C．Improving the quality.
D．Deciding the conditions.
答案 D
解析词义猜测题。

根据第一段中的“As a big plant-eater，it largely shapes the forest and savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives，therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”可知非洲大象塑造了草原的环境，也决定了其它动物的生存条件。

故D项正确。

3．What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?
A．They result from the destruction of rain forests.
B．They provide food mainly for African elephants.
C．They are home to many endangered animals.
D．They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.”可知开放的空间对于其它的食草动物也很重要。

故D项正确。

4．The passage is developed mainly by .
A．showing the effect and then explaining the causes
B．pointing out similarities and differences
C．describing the changes in space order
D．giving examples
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

本文先描述大象的行为带来的具体影响再分析产生这些影响的原因。

故A 正确。

B
(建议用时7′)
Strange Baby-Naming Laws
Germany
Parents are banned by law from using last names and the names of objects and products as first names.A child’s first name must clearly indicate his or her sex，and all names must be approved by the office of vital statistics(人口统计) in the area in which the child was born.
Iceland
The country’s naming committee consults the National Register of Persons to determine if a name is acceptable.If parents prefer a name which is not on the list，they must apply for approval and pay a fee，and the name must contain only letters in the Icelandic alphabet.
New Zealand
The country’s Births，Deaths，and Marriages Registration Act of 1995 doesn’t allow parents to choose a name that “might cause offense to a reasonable person；is unreasonably long；or is，includes，or is similar to an official title or rank，” including，apparently，Adolf Hitler and Yeah Detroit—both names recently rejected.
Denmark
If Danish parents prefer a name not on the list of 7,000 preapproved baby names，they must get permission from local church and government officials.15 to 20 percent of the 1,100 reviewed names—including creative spellings of common names，last names as first names，and unusual names—are rejected each year.
5．You can tell whether a baby is a girl or a boy according to the first name in . A．Germany B．New Zealand
C．Iceland D．Denmark
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据Germany中第二句“A child’s first name must clearly indicate his or her sex...”可知A正确。

6．In Iceland，the names should .
A．be on the name list without exception
B．be paid a large amount of money for
C．contain only letters in the Roman alphabet
D．be accepted by the National Register of Persons
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据Iceland部分的第一句“The country’s naming committee consults the National Register of Persons to determine if a name is acceptable.”可知B正确。

7．In New Zealand the naming law .
A．used to forbid the use of the name of Adolf Hitler
B．allows names similar to an official title or rank
C．is considerate as to how other people feel about the names
D．doesn’t allow using last names as first names
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据New Zealand部分的第一句“The country’s Births，Deaths，and Marriages Registration Act of 1995 doesn’t allow parents to choose a name that ‘might cause offense to a reasonable person...’”可知C正确。

8．It can be learned from the text that .
A．each year about 160—220 reviewed names are rejected in Denmark
B．babies’ names should be allowed by the office of vital statistics in Iceland
C．Adolf Hitler is a name that is banned in all the European countries
D．parents must give up babies’ names if the names are not on the list in Ireland
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句计算可知A正确。

Ⅱ.完形填空(建议用时17′)
Lauren Singer has produced almost no waste in the past two years.It proves that a waste-free 9 is possible.
Lauren studied environmental science at NYU，and it was during her student years that she began working towards a zero-waste 10 .Today，she has learned to 11 all of her own everyday eco-friendly products，such as toothpaste，shampoo，kitchen cleaner and the like.She also 12 her own eco-friendly company，“The Simple Co”，through which she plans to 13 her homemade products.
Lauren regularly writes about her 14 of a zero-waste life on her blog.She 15 that the past two years haven’t been 16 .“I stopped buying 17 products and began 18。