物流与货运国际论文行业动态客户配送与供应链环境集成

Designing a consumer products retail chain inventory replenishment policy with the consideration of transportation costs
International Journal of Production Economics
During the designing phase of a retail chain，a very important decision appears to fulfil the client service target with the total minimum cost as a trade—off between inventory management policies for each shop and delivery policies from the central warehouse。

This balance is the basis for key decisions，such as inventory planning，space allocated to the shops，delivery management and customer responsiveness。

In this paper，we （a) analyze and model this problem, including some usual operational constraints at the shop level; (b）apply to a realistic example；and （c）find that，in some instances, total costs can be lowered while increasing customer responsiveness.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2。

Literature review on VRP
3。

The retail chain inventory management problem
3.1。

Demand characteristics
3。

2. Demand pattern
3.3. Client service
3。

4。

Shop inventory policies
3。

5. Shop operational constraints
3。

6. Chain inventory holding costs
3。

7. Chain transportation costs
4. The retail chain inventory and transportation problems
5。

Numerical results
6。

Conclusions and further research
Acknowledgements
References
Environmental principles applicable to supply chains design and operation
Journal of Cleaner Production
this paper we deal with the problem of identifying environmental principles for the design and operation of supply chains。

The operations that are included in supply chains are briefly described along with the approaches that are applied in order to improve their environmental performance。

A background of environmental principles for achieving eco—efficiency and building of environmentally friendly organizational systems is presented and emphasis is put on the application of such principles “from cradle to grave”. Then，environmental principles applicable to particular objects of logistics networks planning are identified and commented upon。

In addition, selective case studies from the literature，which show the applicability of the formulated principles and their relevance to practice, are discussed。

The paper concludes with some remarks regarding the benefits for companies and societies, in general, that occur as a result of the application of the formulated principles.
Article Outline
1。

Introduction
2。

The management of materials’ flows from an environmental perspective
3. Environmental principles applicable to logistics networks planning
3。

1。

Product design
3.1.1. Design and develop recoverable products，which are technically durable，repeatedly usable, harmlessly recoverable after use and environmentally compatible in disposal ［21］
3。

1。

2。

Produce using minimum energy and materials
3.1。

3. Secondary raw materials should be given priority in usage
3.1。

4. Use eco-friendly energy production，reduce water usage and keep control of pollution sources 3.1.
5. Use standardized parts
3.1.6. Provide for easy disassembly of the product
3.1。

7. Reduce by-products and get the best out of them
3.2。

Packaging
3。

2。

1. Limit packaging to the necessary size
3。

2。

2. Design packaging for refilling or recycling and use standardized packaging when applicable
3.3. Collection and transportation
3.3.1。

Formulate a policy for the recovery of used products
3.3。

2. Consider using existing forward supply chain facilities and transportation system as much as possible for the reverse supply chain
3.3.3。

Classify used products as early in the recovery chain as possible
3。

3。

4. Treat hazardous materials safely
3。

4。

Recycling and disposal
3。

4。

1。

Close the supply loop by recycling effectively and efficiently
3.4。

2. Reduce the volume and amount of materials going to landfill ［5] and consider alternative uses of used products or wastes
3。

4.3. Support the development of markets for recovered components and materials
3。

4。

4。

Locate recycling facilities close to customer markets ［2］
3.5。

Greening the internal and external business environment
3.5.1。

Impose higher (and greener）standards on suppliers ［7］and have a close cooperation with them
3。

5。

2。

Indicate the return, reuse and recovery possibilities [21], make available the necessary information of your products concerning recycling and provide adequate safety instructions [7]
3.5。

3. Motivate customers and keep records of where they deliver used products or packages
3.5.
4. Introduce the eco—objectives to the personnel
3。

6. Other management issues
3。

6.1。

Establish flexible manufacturing and management policies [30]
3。

6。

2. Use effective accounting systems and management tools
3.6。

3。

Extend service and enhance product function at the usage phase to improve eco—efficiency 3.6.4。

Establish product update policies
4。

Conclusions
References
A planning and management infrastructure for large, complex，distributed projects—beyond ERP and SCM
Computers in Industry
Enterprises which are distributed in space and/or which are composed as a temporary joint venture of
legally different units recently often called virtual （extended) enterprises. Planning，design and operation (management) goals and requirements of such firms are generally different from those of single, centralized enterprises. The basic feature of an extended (virtual) enterprise is that the co—operating units of it keep their independence during the life—cycle of the co-operation—what is well regulated by the rules of the given conglomerate. It has to be accepted—on the other hand—that several basic functionalities and goals are the same for all types of distributed, large, complex organizations，which are the targets of our recent study。

The evolution of web-based manufacturing design/planning and operation system philosophies can be followed through the works presented in this paper. We intend to give software solutions for design，planning and operation （management) of complex，networked organizations represented as nodes of networks. In the first part of the paper, solutions are given to manage complex logistics flows of distributed SMEs, giving more sophisticated solutions than the commonly used supply-chain management (SCM) packages available in the market。

The second problem we solve is a complex, web—based solution to manage large，expensive, multi—site，multi-company projects using any type of Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP）and flow management solutions。

Our goal is to integrate as many available solutions as possible and to make only the appropriate frameworks including
decision-support systems where necessary。

The first part of the work means the establishment and application of a web server at each node of the co-operating network，while the second approach uses only one, joint web server and each node communicates with it through the network. These architectures are easy to be integrated if needed，i.e. logistic flows and project management can be solved together。

Article Outline
1。

Introduction
2. Management of complex logistic flows
3. A novel supply network/flow control model
4。

System software requirements and possibilities
4.1。

Software requirements
4.2. Software capabilities and components
5。

Project management issues
5。

1. Supporting integrated planning, deployment and monitoring of large engineering projects
5.2. The main advantages and their measurement for project management
5.2.1. Improved planning and budgeting
5.2。

2。

Improved monitoring, cost and risk assessment
5。

2.3。

Effective contingency management
5.2。

4。

Higher flexibility and efficiency
6。

System software environment issues
7. Some innovative features of the project management system
8。

The structure and relationships of the system components
8.1。

Network architecture and software components
8。

1.1。

Approach and results
8。

1.2. Software design and development and deployment
8.2. Business cases analysis，implementation and evaluation
9. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Vitae
Modelling a rail/road intermodal transportation system
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
This paper deals with the problem of optimally locating rail/road terminals for freight transport. A linear
0-1 program is formulated and solved by a heuristic approach。

The model is applied to the rail/road transportation system in the Iberian Peninsula。

Five planning scenarios are considered。

It is shown that modal shares are very sensitive to the cost of rail and to that of track gauge changes at the Spanish border. Conversely，the location of the terminals has little or no impact on the market shares of the combined traffic，but location changes in the Peninsula generate consequences on the entire European transportation system。

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Intermodal terminals location formulations
3. Heuristic procedure
4。

Application to the Iberian multimodal network
4.1。

Studied area
4。

2。

Definition of the inputs
4.3. Definition of the scenarios
4.4. Modelling results
4。

4。

1. Reference situation
4.4。

2。

Scenario 1––variation of the relative cost of rail transport
4。

4。

3。

Scenario 2––variation of the costs of transhipping at terminals
4。

4。

4. Scenario 3––variation of the rail border effect
4.4。

5. Scenario 4––location of new terminals
4。

4。

6. Scenario 5––optimisation of the location of the existing terminals
5。

Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Remanufacturing for the automotive aftermarket—strategic factors: literature review and future research needs
Journal of Cleaner Production
While the concepts of remanufacturing and reverse logistics are gaining popularity in practice，the available literature and theory on strategic decision making in these areas are limited. This paper is designed to address this gap，in particular，for the automotive industry aftermarket。

In doing so, the authors reviewed literature pertaining to：customer demand(s)，product design and development, cost-benefit analysis of reman, core （i.e。

, used product）supply management, reman competencies and skills，product life cycle strategies，reman and reverse logistics network design, relationships among key stakeholders，environmental considerations，regulations, and impact of emerging economies. The literature findings along with our experience in working with automotive reman products
were used as inputs to guide the formulation of seven major propositions for the strategic factors in decision making within reman。

The propositions were then tested through a case study。

The case study reconfirmed many of the factors like product life cycle，regulations，etc. from the literature review and also identified new factors like OE customer requirements。

Our results provide a foundation for further research for companies that deal with Original Equipment （OE）Sales, Original Equipment Service (OES）, as well as Independent Aftermarket （IAM) business in the automotive industry。

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2。

Literature review of strategic planning factors for aftermarket reman
2。

1。

Product strategic planning
2.1.1。

Global reman market and regulations
2。

1。

2. Intellectual property and non-OE reman competition
2。

1.3。

Reman economics
2。

1.4。

“Green” image and reman market demand
2.2. Physical distribution structure
2.2.1。

Reverse logistics network
2.2.2. Product value and core management
2.3. Plant location and production system
2.4。

Cooperation among reman supply chain stakeholders
2。

4.1. Design for reman
2.4.2. Organizational structure
3. Case study for testing the strategic factors in reman
3.1。

Findings and assessment of case study results
3。

1.1. Cooperation among reman stakeholders
3.1.2。

Plant location and production systems
3。

1.3。

Physical distribution structure
3.1。

4. Product strategic planning
4。

Conclusions and future research work
References
Waste biomass-to—energy supply chain management：A critical synthesis
Waste Management
The development of renewable energy sources has clearly emerged as a promising policy towards enhancing the fragile global energy system with its limited fossil fuel resources，as well as for reducing the related environmental problems。

In this context, waste biomass utilization has emerged as a viable alternative for energy production，encompassing a wide range of potential thermochemical, physicochemical and bio-chemical processes. Two significant bottlenecks that hinder the increased biomass utilization for energy production are the cost and complexity of its logistics operations。

In this manuscript, we present a critical synthesis of the relative state-of-the-art literature as this applies to all stakeholders involved in the design and management of waste biomass supply chains （WBSCs)。

We begin by presenting the generic system components and then the unique characteristics of WBSCs that differentiate them from traditional supply chains. We proceed by discussing state-of-the-art energy conversion technologies along with the resulting classification of all relevant literature. We then recognize the natural hierarchy of the decision—making process for the design and planning of WBSCs and provide a taxonomy of all research efforts as these are mapped on the relevant strategic, tactical and operational levels of the hierarchy. Our critical synthesis demonstrates that biomass-to—energy production is a rapidly evolving research field focusing mainly on biomass—to-energy production technologies. However, very few studies address the critical supply chain management issues, and the ones that do that, focus mainly on (i) the assessment of the potential biomass and （ii) the allocation of biomass collection sites and energy production facilities. Our analysis further allows for the identification of gaps and overlaps in the existing literature，as well as of critical future research areas。

Article Outline
1。

Introduction
2。

Waste biomass supply chains
3。

Biomass energy production technologies
3。

1。

Thermochemical processes
3。

2. Bio-chemical processes
4. Hierarchy of decision-making process
4.1. Strategic decision-making
4。

1.1。

Supply and demand contracts
4.1。

2。

Network configuration
4。

1.2。

1. Sourcing
4。

1.2.2。

Location of energy production facilities
4.1。

2.3. Capacity of energy production facilities
4。

1。

2。

4。

Location of storage facilities
4.1.2.
5. Network design
4。

1。

3. Ensuring sustainability
4.2。

Tactical and operational decision—making
4.2.1。

Aggregate production planning
4。

2.1.1. Inventory management and control
4。

2.1。

2。

Fleet management and vehicle scheduling
4。

2.2。

Selection of collection，storage，and pre-treatment processes
5. A critical synthesis of research efforts
6. Summary and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Sensitivity analysis of separable traffic equilibrium equilibria with application to bilevel optimization in network design
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
We provide a sensitivity analysis of separable traffic equilibrium models with travel cost and demand parameters。

We establish that while equilibrium link flows may not always be directionally differentiable (even when the link travel costs are strictly increasing)，travel demands and link costs are；this improves the general results of Patriksson [Patriksson，M.，2004。

Sensitivity analysis of traffic equilibria。

Transportation Science 37, 258–281]。

The new results contradict common belief that equilibrium cost and demand sensitivities hinge on that of equilibrium flows.
The paper by Tobin and Friesz ［Tobin, R。

L., Friesz, T。

L.，1988. Sensitivity analysis for equilibrium network flow。

Transportation Science 22, 242–250］brought the classic non—linear programming subject of sensitivity analysis to transportation science。

Theirs is still the most widely used device by which “gradients” of traffic equilibrium solutions are calculated, for use in bilevel transportation planning applications such as network design，origin–destination (OD）matrix estimation and problems where link tolls are imposed on the users in order to reach a traffic management objective。

However，it is not widely understood that the regularity conditions proposed by them are stronger than necessary。

Also, users of their method sometimes misunderstand its limitations and are not aware of the computational advantages offered by more recent methods. In fact, a more often applicable formula was proposed already by Qiu and Magnanti ［Qiu，Y.，Magnanti，T。

L。

，1989. Sensitivity analysis for variational inequalities defined on polyhedral sets. Mathematics of Operations Research 14, 410–432］，and Bell and Iida [Bell，M。

G。

H.，Iida，Y.，1997。

Transportation Network Analysis。

John Wiley & Sons，Chichester，UK] describe one of the cases in practice in which the formula by Tobin and Friesz would not be able to generate sensitivity information，because one of their regularity conditions fails to hold. This paper provides an overview of this formula，and illustrates by means of examples that there are several cases where it is not applicable. Our findings are illustrated with small numerical examples，as are our own analysis.
The findings of this paper are hoped to motivate replacing the previous approach with the more often applicable one, not only because of this fact but equally importantly because it is intuitive and also can be much more efficiently utilized: the sensitivity problem that provides the directional derivative is a linearized traffic equilibrium problem, and the sensitivity information can be generated efficiently by only slightly modifying a state-of-the-art traffic equilibrium solver。

This is essential for bringing the use of sensitivity analysis in transportation planning beyond the solution of only toy problems. We finally utilize a new sensitivity solver in the preliminary testing of a simple heuristic for bilevel optimization in continuous traffic network design, and compare it favourably to previous heuristics on known small-scale problems. Article Outline
1. Introduction and contributions
2。

The traffic model
3。

The basis for our sensitivity analysis
4。

Digestible sensitivity analysis examples
4.1. An unconstrained, parameterized quadratic program
4。

2。

A sign constrained, parameterized quadratic program
5. Sensitivity analysis of separable traffic equilibria
6. Illustrative examples
6。

1. The Braess network
6.2。

A further investigation into the analysis conditions
6.2。

1. A directional derivative exists
6。

2.2。

The sensitivity problem has a non-unique solution
6.2.3. The sensitivity problem has no solution
7。

A dissection of the sensitivity analysis of Tobin and Friesz
7。

1。

The strict complementarity condition
7.2. The linear independence condition
7.3. Examples
7.3.1. A case of differentiability where Condition 2 fails
7.3。

2. A case of differentiability where Condition 3 fails
7。

3。

3. A case of non-differentiability where the formula (28) may provide a result 7。

4。

The gradient formula of Cho，Smith，and Friesz
7.5。

Conclusion
8. A sensitivity analysis tool
8。

1. The traffic equilibrium solver
8。

2。

The sensitivity solver
9。

An application to equilibrium network design
9.1. Bilevel programming
9.2。

Solving the network design problem
9。

3。

Numerical experiments
9。

3。

1. Braess' network
9。

3.2. The Harker and Friesz network
9.3.3. The Sioux Falls network
10。

Final comments
Acknowledgements
References
Time-dependent transport network improvement and tolling strategies
Design of an IT—driven decision support system for vehicle routing and scheduling
European Journal of Operational Research
This paper presents the development of a decision support system used by an oil downstream company for routing and scheduling purposes. The studied problem refers to a complex delivery process of oil products from a number of distribution centers to all customers. The latest rapid advance of operations research （OR) applications，in the form of advanced planning and scheduling (APS）systems，has shown that OR algorithms can be applied in practice if (a）they are embodied in packaged information technology (IT）solutions，（b）the interface problems to mainstream ERP software applications are solved。

In this study the utilisation of advanced IT systems supports effectively the planning and management of distribution operations。

The combination of a supply chain management （SCM）application with a geographical information system (GIS) integrated with an enterprise resource planning （ERP) software resulted to this innovative decision support tool。

The objectives of this new tool are: optimum use of the distribution network resources, transportation cost reduction and customer service improvement。

The paper concludes with the benefits of the new system，emphasising at how new technologies can support transportation processes with the help of operations research algorithms embedded in software applications。

Article Outline
1. Physical distribution and vehicle routing
2。

The integration of information technology and OR algorithms
2.1。

Heuristics for the vehicle routing problem
2.2. Advanced planning and scheduling systems：The OR practice using IT
3. Decision support systems construction
4. Case study：An oil downstream company
4.1。

The considered distribution system
4。

2。

Problem definition
5。

Decision support system design methodology
5。

1. Data collection
5.2. Distribution system modelling
5。

3. Software market research
5.4. System requirements specification
5。

5. Software selection
5。

6。

Implementation of the new system
6。

Conclusions
A simulated annealing methodology to distribution network design and management
Abstract
This paper describes the PLOT （Production，Logistics，Outbound, Transportation）design system. The system addresses a class of distribution network design problems, which is characterized by multiple product families，a central manufacturing plant site，multiple distribution center and cross-docking sites, and retail outlets （customer zones）which demand multiple units of several commodities。

The resulting system focuses on two key stages：the planning stage where we incorporate a strategic based decision—making process of selecting the “best” set of distribution centers and cross-docks to operate。

The second phase consists of the execution stage that includes an operational based decision-making process。

In this phase，the model decides the required quantity of product families that need to be transported from the plant to distribution centers and transshipped to cross—docks from warehouses，and later distributed to customer outlets.
The distribution system design considered here is derived from current operations of a major retailing organization that manages products for nationwide distribution. The PLOT system developed to implement the model provides for a high degree of user interaction in the generation of solutions. The
overall system generates globally feasible，near optimal distribution system design and utilization strategies utilizing the simulated annealing （SA) methodology. This study makes two important contributions to the SA literature. First，we extend the breadth of applications by studying a new combinatorial problem that incorporates cross-docking in a supply chain environment。

Second, we systematically evaluate the computational performance under a variety of problem scenarios and SA control parameter settings.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2。

Background and literature overview
3。

Model-building process
4。

Model description
4。

1。

Model P1: The strategic model
4。

2。

Model P2: The executional model
5. Illustration of the methodology
5.1。

The simulated annealing
5.1.1。

CROSS-SA Heuristic steps
5.2。

Experimental design
6。

Validation of the two models using real-world data
7。

Summary and conclusions
References
Strategic design and operational management optimization of a multi stage physical distribution system
Transportation Research Part E：Logistics and Transportation Review
Design and management of logistic networks is one of the most critical issues in supply chain management。

However，the literature does not contain any effective models，methods, and applications that simultaneously support management decisions in the strategic design of the distribution
system, in the operational planning and organization of vehicles, and in container trips organization adopting different modes of transportation。

The aim of this paper is to illustrate an original framework for the design and optimization of a multi echelon and multi level production/distribution system that combines mixed-integer linear programming modeling with cluster analysis, heuristic algorithms，and optimal transportation rules。

A significant case study is illustrated revealing the effectiveness of the approach and tools proposed.
Article Outline
1。

Introduction and literature review
2. Strategic design and operational management in a distribution network
2.1. Strategic Model I
2.2。

Strategic Model II
2.3. Strategic Model III
3。

Models and methods for the operational planning and organization
3.1. A multi—period mixed integer programming model
3.2。

Short time planning and trips organization
4。

Case study from the tile industry
5. Strategic design: case study
5.1. Model I
5。

2。

Model II
5。

3。

Model III
6. Operational management optimization, case study
7. Conclusion and further research
Acknowledgements
References
Facility location and supply chain management – A review
European Journal of Operational Research
Facility location decisions play a critical role in the strategic design of supply chain networks。

In this paper，a literature review of facility location models in the context of supply chain management is given。

We identify basic features that such models must capture to support decision-making involved in strategic supply chain planning. In particular，the integration of location decisions with other decisions relevant to the design of a supply chain network is discussed. Furthermore, aspects related to the structure of the supply chain network，including those specific to reverse logistics, are also addressed. Significant contributions to the current state—of—the—art are surveyed taking into account numerous factors。

Supply chain performance measures and optimization techniques are also reviewed。

Applications of facility location models to supply chain network design ranging across various industries are presented. Finally，a list of issues requiring further research are highlighted。

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Facility location and SCM
3. Strategic supply chain planning
3.1. Network structure and basic features
3.2。

Decision variables in supply chain network design
3.3。

Reverse logistics
3。

4. Other supply chain characteristics
4。

Supply chain optimization and applications
5. Conclusions and directions for further research
References
A system dynamics modeling framework for the strategic supply chain management of food chains
Journal of Food Engineering
The need for holistic modeling efforts that capture the extended supply chain enterprise at a strategic level has been clearly recognized first by industry and recently by academia. Strategic decision—makers need comprehensive models to guide them in efficient decision-making that increases the profitability of the entire chain。

The determination of optimal network configuration, inventory management policies, supply contracts, distribution strategies，supply chain integration，outsourcing and procurement
strategies，product design，and information technology are prime examples of strategic decision—making that affect the long—term profitability of the entire supply chain. In this work, we adopt the system dynamics methodology as a modeling and analysis tool to tackle strategic issues for food supply chains。

We present guidelines for the methodology and present its development for the strategic modeling of single and multi-echelon supply chains。

Consequently，we analyze in depth a key issue of strategic supply chain management，that of long-term capacity planning。

Specifically, we examine capacity planning policies for a food supply chain with transient flows due to market
parameters/constraints. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the developed methodology on a multi—echelon network of a major Greek fast food chain。

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Problem and model description
2.1。

System dynamics methodology
2。

2。

Single—echelon model
2。

3. Multi—echelon supply chain model
3。

An illustrative real—world case study
3.1。

A fast-food supply chain
3。

2。

The simulation model
3。

3. Simulation results
4. Summary/Conclusions
Appendix A. Appendix
References
A survey on the continuous nonlinear resource allocation problem
European Journal of Operational Research
Our problem of interest consists of minimizing a separable，convex and differentiable function over a convex set, defined by bounds on the variables and an explicit constraint described by a separable convex function。

Applications are abundant，and vary from equilibrium problems in the engineering and。