2021年淮安市第一中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案

2021年淮安市第一中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Britain's brilliant bridges have supported trade, brought communities together andare always the mostexciting part of the journey. These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.
Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol
Described byits legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as “my first love, my darling", it was originally designed for horse-drawn traffic. Now, more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1,352ft-long toll（通行费）bridge over the Avon Gorge. The £ 1 toll for every journey pays for its maintenance. The history of the bridge, dating back to 1864, is kept alive through a programme of tours, events and exhibitions.
Infinity Bridge, Stockton-On-Tees
A pedestrian（行人）and cycle footbridge across the River Tees, its working title was the North Shore Footbridge, before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009. It is particularly incredible at night. The arches（拱形）of the bridge are also lit white and, on calm nights, their reflection in the water appears as an infinity（无穷大）symbol, thus inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.
Tower Bridge, London
An engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Portland stone and steel, it took construction workers eight years to complete. More than 120 years old, it's a popular tourist attraction, as well as a functional bridge. Visitors can take in the views over the capital, experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor, and visit the Victorian Engine Rooms.
Iron Bridge, Shropshire
Opened in 1781 , this is the first arch bridge in the world made out of cast iron. Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution, it transformed the craft of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire.
1. Which bridge has the longest history?
A. Clifton Suspension Bridge.
B. Infinity Bridge.
C. Tower Bridge.
D. Iron Bridge.
2. What can we know about Infinity Bridge?
A. It was originally meant for pedestrains.
B. The public give it two names.
C. Ifs well worth visiting at night.
D. Its arch is bigger than any other bridge's.
3. What makes Clifton Suspension Bridge different from the other bridges introduced?
A. It charges drivers for each passing.
B. It offers walkers a good view at night.
C. It was made from thousands of stones.
D. It's a symbol of the industrial revolution.
B
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院) have turned spider webs into music——creating an strange soundtrack that could help them better understand how the spiders output their complex creations and even how they communicate.
The MIT team worked with Berlin-based artist Tomas Saraceno to take 2D (two-dimensional) laser (激光) scans of a spider web, which were linked together and made into a mathematical model that could recreate the web in 3Din VR (virtual reality). They also worked with MIT’s music department to create the virtual instrument.
“Even though the web looks really random (随机)，there actually are a lot of inside structures and you can visualize (可视化) them and you can look at them, but it’s really hard to grasp for the human imagination or human brain to understand all these structural details,” said MIT engineering professor Markus Buehler, who presented the work on Monday at a virtual meeting of the American Chemical Society.
Listening to the music while moving through the VR spider web lets you see and hear these structural changes and gives a better idea of how spiders see the world, he told CNN. “Spiders use vibrations (振动) as a way to locate themselves, to communicate with other spiders and so the idea of thinking really like a spider would experience the world was something that was very important to us as spider material scientists,” Buehler said.
Spiders are able to build their webs without shelves or supports, so having a better idea of how they work could lead to the development of advanced new 3D printing techniques. “The reason why I did that is I wanted to be able to get information really from the spider world, which is very weird and mysterious,” Buehler explained. In addition to the scientific value, Buehler said the webs are musically interesting and that you can hear the sounds the spider creates during construction. “It’s unusual and eerie and scary, but finally beautiful.” he described.
4. What have MIT scientists done according to the passage?
A. They have translated spider webs into sounds.
B. They have made a mathematical model to produce webs.
C. They have created a soundtrack to catch spiders.
D. They have known how spiders communicate.
5. What can we know about spider webs from paragraph 3?
A. Their structures are beautiful and clear.
B. Professor Markus Buehler knows them well.
C. The American Chemical Society presents the result.
D. They are complex for people to figure it out.
6. In which field will the study be helpful?
A. virtual reality
B. printing
C. painting
D. film-making
7. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. It tells us that the music created by spiders is scary.
B. It shows how the researchers carry out the experiment.
C. It presents a new and creative way to study spiders.
D. It explains why scientists did the experiment.
C
Thermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.
“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”
Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.
Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.
Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.
Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65% of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.
8. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.
A. The wide use of thermoelectric generators
B. The devices of current thermoelectric generators
C. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectrics
D. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection
9. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?
A. Indifferent.
B. Optimistic.
C. Critical.
D. Worried.
10. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?
A. It was far from a success for practical applications.
B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.
C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devices
D. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges
11. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Recycle.
B. Produce.
C. Clean.
D. Increase.
D
Cuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.
Cuckoos are often know asparasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.
To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which
might be exactly the same to our eyes.
Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.
Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.
It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.
12. This passage can be most likely found in a ________.
A. science survey
B. nature magazine
C. zoo advertisement
D. travel journal
13. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?
A. Animals that work together to raise young.
B. Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.
C. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.
D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.
14. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?
A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.
B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.
C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.
D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.
15. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.
B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.
C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.
D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Do you ever wish you could change something about your body? If so, you’re not alone.____16____But when you get stuck on what you don’t like, it can really bring down your self-esteem (自尊). So, do you want to look and feel your best? Here are some ways:
● Accept your body
Nobody is perfect. Everybody wants to be liked and accepted just as they are. Don’t body-shame yourself. When you say something negative about your own body, it hurts your self-esteem.____17____It hurts just as much as if someone else said it. Be kind and respect yourself.
● Like your body
Find things to like about your looks. Maybe you like your hair, face or hands. What about your shape, shoulders or legs? Your eyes smile? Tell yourself what you like and why.____18____Accept those things and let yourself feel good.
● Take care of your body
Eat healthy foods. Learn what foods are good for you, and how much is the right amount. Eating right helps you lookyour best. When you treat your body right, you feel good about yourself.
____19____Your body needs to move to be strong, fit and healthy. You can be active by playing a sport. You can run, walk, swim or dance. Pick activities you like and have fun.
Keep to a healthy weight. Having a healthy weight helps you feel good about your body. But don’t try to diet on your own. Always talk to your parents or doctor first.____20____
A. Be active every day
B. Meet your body’s needs.
C. Many people feel unsatisfied with some part of their looks.
D. It is true whether you say it out loud or think it to yourself.
E. Your doctor may suggest ways you can stay at a weight proper for you.
F. If you get stuck, think of what your good friends like about your appearance.
G. Rather than waste time wishing you were prettier, pay attention to what you can change.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Nowadays___21___children go to school___22___few of them have ever asked themselves____23____they go there. Some children think that they goto school just to learn their mother tongue, English and other foreign languages, history, science,___24___and a few other___25___But why do they learn these things? Are these the only things they should learn at school?
Actually children go to school to___26___themselves for the time when they will be grown up and will have to____27____themselves. They learn their own language___28___they will be able to____29____with people in foreign countries, make friends with them and learn____30____about their culture and history. They learn mathematics in order to be able to measure the things around them and calculate sums.____31____helps them understand something about the world around them and history teaches them about the past and people. Nearly everything they study at school has some___32___use in their____33____, but there is one more____34____reason why children go to school.
It is more important to receive education that just learning____35____We go to school___36___to learn how to learn. Learning is not just for school but for life. So even after we have left school, we have to continue to learn.
A man who____37____knows how to learn will always be____38____because whenever he is faced with a completely new task or problem, he will teach himself how to deal with it in the best way.____39____, children do not go to school just to learn languages, mathematics, geography, etc. They go to school to____40____how to learn.
21. A.some B.most C.few D.all
22. A.but B.so C.and D.because
23. A.how B.when C.why D.that
24. A.cooking B.sowing C.playing D.geography
25. A.subjects B.skills nguages D.games
26. A.make B.prepare C.teach D.study
27. A.teach B.support C.live D.work
28. A.and B.in order to C.so as to D.so that
29. municate B.work C.talk D.study
30. A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
31. A.Foreign languages B.Mathematics C.History D.Geography
32. A.practical B.special C.different D.importance
33. A.work B.lives C.study munication
34. A.difficult B.unusual C.important D.kind
35. A.foreign languages B.science C.mathematics D.facts
36. A.above all B.at all C.in all D.for all
37. A.doesn't B.never C.really D.may
38. A.unsuccessful B.calm C.successful eful
39. A.Although B.But C.However D.Therefore
40. A.begin B.work C.live D.learn
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Bright and color1 ful Beijing Opera faces appear on a computer screen, A teacher asks the students, “Shall we go to see Beijing Opera?” This is the scene of___41.___online Chinese class inIndia’s Mumbai. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, online Chinese learning on a___42.___(various) of platforms is gaining popularity locally.
Eighteen year-old Drashti Gala from Mumbai is one of many online Chinese___43.___(learner) and even has a Chinese name Tang Dashi. Actually, all three sisters in her family___44.___(begin) learning Chinese after their father offered the suggestion. Within a short space of time, she has___45.___(successful) passed HSK3 (Level 3 of the International Chinese Proficiency Test) and is now preparing for the higher-level exams. At first, some students were hesitant as they were not used to___46.___(study) online, but now they realize that online learning means they can save time___47.___would have been spent on traveling. Drashti has also tried to improve her Chinese by translating some ancient Chinese poems into Hindi (印地语).
Most Chinese training institutions in Mumbai have been moved online due to the lockdown. Some people___48.___charge said, “Compared to traditional classroom teaching, our online courses are more convenient and easier___49.___(conduct), and the cost of renting classrooms_____50._____(save) too. So online learning is popular.”
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear editor,
I’m written to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about that entrance fees should be charged for parks. There are two different opinions about a question.
60% of the students is against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be freely. People need a place to rest and enjoy them. Charging entrance fees will keep some people away. And it will become necessary build gates and walls, which will be harmful to the appearance of a city.
However, 40% of the students think that fees should be charged because of money is needed to pay gardeners and other worker and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, therefore, fees shouldn’t be charged too high.
Yours,
Tom 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，上周末你班组织去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)参加志愿服务活动。

请你用英语写一篇日记，内容如下：
1.活动时间；
2.活动内容；
3.你的感受。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考答案
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. C 9. B 10. A 11. A
12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
16. C 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. E
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32.
A 33.
B 34.
C 35.
D 36. A 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. D
41. an 42. variety
43. learners
44. began 45. successfully
46. studying
47. which/that
48. in 49. to conduct
50. is saved
51.(1). written→ writing
(2).that→ whether
(3).a→ the
(4).is→ are
(5).freely→ free
(6).them→ themselves
(7).build前加to
(8).去掉of
(9).worker→ workers
(10).therefore→ however
52.略。