2020-2021【英语】培优阅读理解辅导专题训练

一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
It was the beginning of 2011. I had just finished filming the first season of Game of Thrones(《权利的游戏》). With almost no professional experience, I had been given the role of Daenerys Targaryen. The show was so successful that young girls would dress themselves up as Daenerys for Halloween.
And yet, terrified of the attention, terrified of trying to make good on the faith that the creators had put in me, I worked much harder.
On the morning of February 11, 2011, I was getting dressed in a gym when I started to feel a bad headache. I was so exhausted that I could barely put on my sneakers. I tried to ignore the pain, but I couldn't. I reached the toilet and sank to my knees. A woman came to help me. Then everything became unclear. I only remember the sound of an ambulance.
That operation lasted three hours. When I woke, the pain was unbearable. After four days, they moved me out of the I.C.U. (重症监护室). But one day when a nurse asked me, as part of a series of cognitive (认知的) exercises, " What's your name?", I couldn't remember my name and I felt terrified: I am an actor; I need to remember my lines. Now, I couldn't recall my name.
The phenomenon is called aphasia. Then I was sent back to the I.C.U. and, after about a week, I was able to speak and know my name. And I was also aware that there were people in the beds around me who didn't make it out of the I.C.U. I was continually reminded of just how fortunate I was.
I rarely gave a thought to my health. Nearly all I thought about was acting. I thought of myself as healthy. Once in a while, I would get dizzy. When I was fourteen, I had a migraine (偏头痛) that kept me in bed for a couple of days. But it all seemed manageable — part of the stress of being an actor. Now I think I might have been experiencing warning signs of what was to come.
Anyway, there is something pleasant about coming to the end of Thrones. And I'm so happy to be here to see the beginning of whatever comes next.
（1）The author felt terrified after acting in the first season of Game of Thrones because _____.
①she felt nervous about the public attention.
②she had been criticized for her lack of experience.
③she was experiencing some warning signs of a serious illness.
④she wasn't sure if she had perform ed well in Season 1.
A. ①④
B. ②③
C. ①②
D. ③④
（2）When did the author lose consciousness?
A. After she took an operation.
B. After a woman came to her rescue in a gym.
C. When trying to ignore a headache while working out.
D. When knowing many patients wouldn't survive the illness.
（3）A patient who is suffering from aphasia ______.
A. cannot move his or her body
B. will fall into serious depression
C. must undergo brain surgery at once
D. is not able to remember things from the past （4）What can you infer from the end of the passage?
A. The author feels very lucky to be an actress.
B. The author is quite confident about her role.
C. The author can't go on acting due to the illness.
D. The author will pay more attention to her health.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在作为一名演员对待工作非常认真努力却忽视了自己的身体健康，直到有一天她晕倒并进了重症病房接受治疗，她才意识到要重视身体健康。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“With almost no professional experience, I had been given the role of Daenerys Targaryen. ”由于几乎没有任何专业经验，我得到了丹妮莉丝·坦格利安这个角色。

可知作者觉得她认为自己没经验害怕不能很好完成；“And yet, terrified of the attention, terrified of trying to make good on the faith that the creators had put in me, I worked much harder.” 然而，由于害怕受到关注，害怕兑现创作者对我的信任，我更加努力地工作。

可知作者害怕公众的关注。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“A woman came to help me. Then everything became unclear.”可知，一个女人来帮助我。

然后一切都变得模糊不清。

作者是一个女人在健身房里救了她之后失去意识的。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“B ut one day when a nurse asked me, as part of a series of cognitive (认知的) exercises, ‘ What's your name?’, I couldn't remember my name and I felt terrified: I am an actor; I need to remember my lines. Now, I couldn't recall my name.”这个过程的描述可知，患有失语症者会记不得事情，哪怕是自己的姓名。

故一个患有失语症的病人会不记得过去的事情。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Anyway, there is something pleasant about coming to the end of Thrones. And I'm so happy to be here to see the beginning of whatever comes next.”可知，不管怎样，能演完《权力的游戏》是一件令人愉快的事情。

我很高兴还在这里，见证未来的开始。

所以通过这次生病，作者意识到自己的健康出了问题，但作者很感激自己身体还是很健康，判断出作者将来会更加注意她的健康。

更好地演戏。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old, I learned how to make a coin disappear. I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells (魔法) — nine being that curious age at which you're old enough to
work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but young enough to still hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found instead taught basic sleight-of-hand (戏法) technique, and I devoted the next months to practice. Initially, the magic wasn't any good. At first it wasn't even magic; it was just a trick — a bad trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and after two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the store and placed it under the mirror to eradicate the sound of the coin falling again and again.
I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice — slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted.
One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were standing by the backstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared. The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.
（1）What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do?
A. To kill his time.
B. To find a book of magic. C To read The Lord of the Rings. D. To learn knowledge of literature.（2）What does the underlined word "eradicate" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Get rid of.
B. Give out.
C. Imitate.
D. Distinguish.
（3）What contributed to the author's success?
A. His mother's help.
B. The secret of quick moves.
C. The inspiration from his father.
D. His repeated hard practice.
（4）How would the author feel about the result of his performance on the playground?
A. It's fantastic.
B. It's funny.
C. It's awkward.
D. It's disappointing.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者变成魔术师是偶然的，并且具体讲述了自己九岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“I'd read The Lord o f the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells ”我读过《魔戒》，并且冒险进入图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书，可知，作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。

原文中使用了不定式表达目的。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历，他每天要在镜子前练1000遍左右，那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。

所以划线单词所在句子句意应为：两周后，妈妈从店里买了一块地毯，把它放在镜子下面，以掩盖硬币一次又一次落下的声音。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice — slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle.”可知，作者是在父亲练习钢琴的经历的启发下，领悟到了练习的真谛，最终取得了成功。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brillian t.”，可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后，其他同学欢呼、大小并且都不知道是如何做到的，每个人都很疯狂。

作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一盘故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.
The evidence suggests that megaliths, prehistoric large stone structures, sometimes acted as graves for family groups in northwestern Europe thousands of years ago. The latest findings throw new light on the origins and social structure of the groups that built megaliths in this region—a history that has long been hidden in mystery.
For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes—the complete set of genetic material in a cell—of 24 Stone Age individuals from five megalithic burial sites in Ireland, Scotland and Gotland, a large Swedish island in the Baltic Sea.
This analysis showed that many of the individuals buried at each megalith, who all lived between 3,800 B.C. and 2,600 B.C., according to radiocarbon-dating of their remains, were closely related via family ties.
The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe but genetically distinct from other hunter-gatherers. This was particularly noticeable at the Ansarve site on the island of Gotland.
"The people buried in the Ansarve tomb are remarkably different on a genetic level compared to the individuals dug out from hunter-gather contexts, showing that the burial tradition in this megalithic tomb, which lasted for over 700 years, was performed by distinct groups with roots in the European Neolithic expansion," Magdalena Fraser, co-first author from Uppsala University, said in the statement.
（1）What's the significance of the new findings?
A. It reveals the family ties between people in Ireland and Sweden.
B. It implies that many people buried in the tombs were closely related.
C. It indicates the long-hidden mystery concerning DNA analysis.
D. It suggests that the megaliths became tombs thousands of years ago.
（2）How did the researchers reach their findings?
A.By interviewing individuals.
B.By travelling to different regions.
C.By analyzing genes.
D.By studying the burial sites.
（3）Which is true according to the latest findings?
A.Some people buried in the tombs were related to farmers.
B.Few people buried in the tombs were genetically different.
C.All the people buried at megaliths had family relationships.
D.People buried in the Ansarve tomb were dug out 700 years later.
（4）What's the main idea of this passage?
A.Megaliths served as tombs thousands of years ago.
B.People buried at the megaliths were recently analyzed.
test findings shed light on a mystery about burials.
D.Stone-Age people in Ireland and Sweden had close ties.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新一项发现显示石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可能存在亲属关系。

研究人员通过分析来自爱尔兰、苏格兰和位于波罗的海的瑞典格特兰岛的5个巨石墓葬遗址的24个石器时代个体的基因组。

发现，每座巨石下埋葬着许多人，他们都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之间根据他们遗体的放射性碳年代测定，他们的血缘关系非常密切。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.”可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之间存在家庭关系。

这项新发现意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes”可知研究人员是通过分析基因组得出这项发现的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neo lithic farmers in northern and western Europe”可知埋葬在巨石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic (巨石的) tombs in Ireland and Sweden.”以及文章主要内容可知文章中心内容主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人有密切联系展开。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
I have three kids and a great husband and I'm enjoying a career that I find challenging and fun.
This feels like "Success" to the outside world. But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be.
So I booked a trip to find out. I travelled, for the first time, without my husband or kids. I went to Iceland with a friend, who shares an appreciation for wilderness and silence.
For six days, we were immersed in wild, raw scenery and real weather—all kinds of weather. Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes.
I found silence in Iceland，and time to consider the me outside of career and the me outside of kids as I shared stories with strangers.
When I stopped talking and just listened，I became more generous. I 1earned that choosing to be generous can create more space, more food and more warmth.
But I didn't really gain any better appreciation of what I want from life or my job. I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy，and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family.
I came home to noise，rush and love; with no less confusion on who I want to be. I know the answer isn't waiting out there on the top of a mountain in Iceland. The answer is in front of me with every step on my own 1ife's path, and in every choice I make.
（1）Why did the author take a trip to Iceland?
A. To gain a new experience.
B. To enjoy family happiness.
C. To better understand herself.
D. To appreciate natural beauty.
（2）Which word can best describe the author's trip?
A. Puzzling
B. Thrilling
C. Relaxing
D. Demanding
（3）What change happened to the author after the trip?
A. She became more positive
B. She became more energetic
C. She became even lonelier
D. She became more anxious
（4）What will the author do in the future?
A. Withdraw back to nature.
B. Embrace reality bravely.
C. Travel to Iceland more often.
D. Pay less attention to her feelings.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰岛之旅。

回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段和第二段中的“But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be. So I booked a trip to find out.”可知作者心里一直有疑问，那就是"我是真正的自己吗？"，所以作者预定了旅行去寻找答案，即她去冰岛旅行的目的是寻找真正的自我，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be
uncomfortable sometimes. ”可知作者在冰岛旅行时冒雨爬山，饮食简单，并且体验到了种种不适，故推测作者的旅行是艰苦的，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“with no less confusion on who I want to be. 和 The answer is in front of me with every step on my own 1ife's path, and in every choice I make. ”可知作者不再困惑，她知道真正自我的答案就在日常生活中，就在她所做出的每个选择中，故推测作者旅行回来后变乐观了。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy，and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family. ”可知作者怀疑驱使她去冰岛的焦虑正在让她失去选择感恩和快乐的能力，也让她看不到在家庭和事业中的挑战。

故推测作者以后不会逃避生活，并且能够勇敢面对生活中暂时的困惑。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Jane Austen is loved mainly as a charming guide to fashionable life in the Regency period (英国摄政时期). She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches (四轮四座大马车). But her own vision of her task was completely different. She was an ambitious and strict moralist. She was highly conscious of human failings and she had a deep desire to make people nicer: less selfish, more reasonable and more sensitive to the needs of others.
In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bonnet start off heartily disliking each other and then, gradually realize they are in love. They make one of the great romantic couples. He is handsome, rich and well connected; she is pretty, smart and lively. But why actually are they right for one another?
Jane Austen is very clear. It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other. When Mr. Darcy arrives in the neighborhood, he feels "superior" to everyone else, because he has more money and higher status. At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance (自大) and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.
Mostly, we tend to think of love as liking someone for who they already are, and of total acceptance. But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.（1）What do we know about Jane Austen from paragraph 1?
A. She lived a fashionable life.
B. She wrote about the life of the rich.
C. She knew exactly human virtues.
D. She was nicer to less selfish people.
（2）What can we learn about Mr. Darcy from the text?
A. He dislikes Elizabeth from the beginning to the end.
B. He is handsome, rich and rather modest.
C. He is kind to everyone in the neighborhood.
D. He needs Elizabeth to point out his shortcomings.
（3）Which person is right for you according to Jane Austen?
A. A person that you like for who he or she is.
B. A person with whom you feel really relaxed.
C. A person making you become a better man or woman.
D. A person who does something similar to you.
（4）What message does the book Pride and Prejudice convey?
A. Improve yourself with your lover's help.
B. Accept the people you love totally.
C. Earn much money to make people love you.
D. Find your true love with pride and prejudice.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简·奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。

简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches.“她因描述了一个充满优雅的房子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。

可知她写了关于富人的生活。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的”At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.“在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。

这听起来很无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。

可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适的人;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良——我们需要为他们做一些类似的事情。

可知简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的”It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other.“这是一个我们今天很少想到的原因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。

可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的信息。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter!
Global Canvas Children's Art Competition
Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting
Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home.
Toyota Dream Car Art Contest
Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting
Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.
Advena World Children's Art Competition
Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks
The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium.
Progressive Young Artists Awards
Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture
PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.
（1）Which of the following favors the environment?
A. Advena World Children's Art Competition.
B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition.
C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest.
D. Progressive Young Artists Awards.
（2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?
A. A dream car.
B. A scholarship.
C. A tour of a factory.
D. An amount of cash.（3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition?
A. It has no fixed theme.
B. It has an entrance fee.
C. The prize is a scholarship.
D. Its participants are the youngest.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art
competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.
There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow.
First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language.
The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.
So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100.
Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't
decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English.
So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.
（1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow?
A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live.
B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed.
C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos.
D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow.
（2）How does the writer explain the first problem?
A. By presenting figures.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By quoting sayings.
D. By adopting idioms.
（3）The example of the west Greenlandic word 'siku' shows that .
A. the making of words varies from language to language
B. the Inuit and Yupik languages have more words for snow
C. the richness of words and phrases leads to different ideas
D. more phrases about snow are found in the English language
（4）What conclusion can we safely draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. Eskimos better understand snow than other people.
B. Languages deeply influence people's ability to think.
C. There is no point counting Eskimo's expressions for snow.
D. What comes into our mind is limited by our language.
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。

出现这一想象的原因是1. 爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会有不同的描述。

2. 词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.”可知，本身Benjamin Lee Whorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越来越夸张。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European …”，作者将英语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词
汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。

由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.
Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.
The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.
If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.
Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.
Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.
Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.
As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.。