Subjunctive.

Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
★语气 Mood 用来表示说话人对某一行为所持的态度， 是通过谓语动词的某种形式表达出来的。 1) 陈述语气(Indicative Mood) 说话人认为他说的话是客观事实，包括 肯定、否定、询问及感叹等形式。
e.g. Flowers blossom in spring. All my friends are not smokers. Where have you been recently? How pretty the flowers are!
★ 要求引起虚拟的主语从句的形容词、过 去分词及名词常见的有： ♠ necessary, natural, important, strange, better, surprising, desirable(理想的), proper, probable, preferable(更可取的), urgent, insistent(坚持的), dreadful(可怕的), incredible(难以置信的), absurd, possible, vital(极其重要的), advisable(合理的)… ♠ desired, demanded, requested, suggested, required, ordered, recommended(推荐的) ♠ a pity, no wonder
2) 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 ① 在insist, order, command, suggest, advice, ask, demand, request, require, decide, recommend(劝告)， maintain(主张), deserve(值得提起), 等动词后的宾语 从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，表 示建议、要求、命令等。
e.g. Oil floats if you pour it on water.
你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.
假若明年我有钱，我就去日本。
♠ 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不 大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结 果主句皆用虚拟语气。
1) 与过去的事实相反的假设 e.g. If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.
如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。
If I had had time last night, I should have come to see you. 昨晚如果有时间，我就会来看你。 He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.
假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？
3) 与将来事实可能相反的假设
If he should see me, he would know me.
假如他看见我， 就会认识我。
If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?
2) 祈使语气(Imperative Mood) 说话人对于对方的指示、劝告、请求、 建议、命令、警告等。
e.g. Turn on the radio, please. Take a ten-minute break now. Don’t play with fire.
3)虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood) 是说话人为表示一种假设的情况，一种 主观的愿望时所用的动词形式。
假如你不曾努力工作，你就不会做出这样大 的贡献。
Were he here, he would come to help us. Had you been here just now, you would have met her. Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it. Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.
假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。
5) 省掉 if 的条件从句结构 if从句中若含有should, had 或者were，有时把if省 去，而把should, had, were 放在句首，与主语颠 倒形成倒装。但如从句没有were, had 或should则 不能这样做。
e.g. If you had not worked hard, you would not have made such a great contribution. = Had you not worked hard, you would not have made such a great contribution.
假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的 视野吗？
4) 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为 所发生的时间不一致时（如一个是过去发生的， 一个是现在发生的） ，被称为“错综时间条件 句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相 应的调整。
e.g. If he had set out earlier, he would be home now. 如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。 If he had got up earlier, he would not be late now. 如果他能够早起，现在就不会迟到了。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes. I suggest that he (should) modify this design at once. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.
假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。
If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time. 假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。
2) 表示跟现在事实相反的假设
e.g. If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
e.g. How I wish I had gΒιβλιοθήκη ne there with you!
If he had been here, he would have agreed with me. I wish I could fly.
I. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 ♠ 条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。 真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现 的。句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述 语气。
② 在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现 在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望， 从句通常省略连词that。 ♠ 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去 式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。 e.g. I wish I knew the answer to the question.
虚拟条件句可分为三类： ♦叙述与现在事实相反的情况； ♦叙述与过去事实相反的情况； ♦叙述与将来事实可能相反的情况。
从句谓语
与过去事实
主句谓语
would / could / might / should have done
相反的假设
had done
与现在事实 did / were would / could / might / should do 相反的假设 与将来事实 did / were would / could / 可能相反的 should do might / should do 假设 were to do
e.g. It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language. It is important that we should speak politely. It is better that the patient (should) be sent to hospital at once. It is required that you (should) arrive at 8 a.m. It was ordered that the medicines be sent there by plane. It is a pity that he should be absent today. It is a great pity that she (should) be so foolish.
假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这 一切。 假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。
如果他在，他会来帮助我们。
假如你按照我说的去做，你就会成功。
6) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的 介词由with, without, but for, under等。
e.g. What would you do with a million dollars? = … if you had a million dollars. We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. = … if we hadn’t got your help. But for rain, we would have finished the work. =If it hadn’t been for the rain …. Under more favorable conditions could we have done better.
7) 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出 现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。
e.g. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. 副词 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it . 连词 A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. 定语从句 Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.
要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。
If he had time, he would go with you. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.
如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。
要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。
e.g. If he were to come, what should we say to him?
独立主格结构
II. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的用法 虚拟语气还可用来表示要求、建议、命令、 请求、提议等。它们的谓语形式通常用原形 动词(美国通用)，或者“should十动词原 形”(英国通用)。在下面几类从句中，谓语 动词都要用虚拟语气。 1) 主语从句中用虚拟语气 It’s＋要引起虚拟的形容词、过去分词或名词 ＋that时，谓语的虚拟形式用 (should)＋原形 动词，表示建议、要求、命令、遗憾、主张、 怀疑、惊奇等。