高中英语译林版选修8教学案：Unit 1 Section 3

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Pin (固定) the pieces together before sewing them.
2．He put the letter in a red envelope (信封), and mailed it.
3．Some people are still in the water, waiting to be rescued (救援)．
4．There have been rumours that the band will reunite (再联合) for a world tour.
5．The government has decided to reform (改革) the health system.
6．No matter what the results of the home-made (自制的) gift look like, remember it's the thought that counts.
7．The film ended most satisfactorily: vice (邪恶) punished and virtue rewarded.
8．The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible threat (威胁) to human beings.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．millionaire_ n．百万富翁→million n．百万
2．resist v i. &v t.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistance n．反抗；抵制
[巧记单词]
派生词
millionaire →million＋-aire
resistance →resist＋-ance
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．come to one's rescue救援某人；帮助某人
2．far from远非，几乎相反
3．as for关于
4．have great appeal to对……有极大的吸引力
5．free from免于/不受……的伤害/影响；没有……；不……
6．draw attention to引起对……的注意
7．head for向……走去
8．fall under the control of 落入……的手中，被……所控制
9．pick up拾起
10．at the sight of 看到，一看到
1．[教材原句]English literature, especially English fiction, is of great significance in the literary world.
英国文学，尤其是英国科幻小说，在文学界具有非常重要的意义。

[句型点拨]“be of＋抽象名词”结构。

[佳句赏析]They are of great help to learners of English.
他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。

2．[教材原句]Later that day, a pair of brand new sneakers lay next to his chair, and in the corner was a new soccer ball.
那天晚些时候，一双崭新的运动鞋摆在了他的椅子旁边，角落里还有个新足球。

[句型点拨]介词短语放于句首引起全部倒装。

[佳句赏析]By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

1．(教材P8)Classics are far from disappearing.
古典文学并非消失了。

far from 远非；几乎相反
①This is far from the truth today.
这与今天的现实情况几乎相反。

as far as ...就……而言
by far ……得多
far away 远离
so far 迄今为止
②Which seems better, as_far_as you are concerned?
对你来说哪一个更好？
③The scientist is doing experiments no one has so_far attempted.
科学家们正在做一项迄今为止没人做过的实验。

[名师点津]far from 后可跟形容词、名词、分词或从句。

2．(教材P9)He pities Oliver, takes him home, and tries to reform him.
他同情奥利弗，把他带回家，想让他改过自新。

reform vt.& vi.& n. (使)改过自新；改造；改革，改良
①We should try to reform criminals rather than punish them.
我们应该尽力改造罪犯，而不是惩罚他们。

economic reform经济改革
the reform of the educational system
教育体制的改革
②Both students and teachers have benefited from the_reform_of_the_educational_system.
学生和老师都在教育体制改革中受益了。

3．(教材P9)Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime, pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.
费金和他的犯罪团伙找到了他，把他拽回到了犯罪的生活中去，如果他反抗，他们就用暴力相威胁迫使他这样做。

threat n.威胁，恐吓
①The teacher told you not to make threats against him.
老师叫你不要对他进行威胁。

(1) threaten v t.威胁，恐吓
threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事，扬言要做某事
threaten ... with ...以……威胁……
(2)threatening adj. 带有威胁的
threatened adj. 受到威胁的
②His boss threatened to_fire (fire) him if he disclosed the truth.
老板威胁要开除他，如果他揭露真相的话。

③Doctors are sometimes threatened_with violence if they don't do what patients want.
医生如果不按照病人的意思去做，有时会受到暴力威胁。

④His words slowly relaxed her threatening (threat) attitude.
他的言语慢慢地缓和了她的威胁态度。

resist vi. & vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡；忍耐，忍住
⑤She tried hard to resist the temptation of delicious food in order to keep slim.
为了保持苗条身材，她极力抵制美食的诱惑。

(1)resist (doing) sth.抵制/反对(做)某事
can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事
(2)resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的；阻止的
be resistant to sth. 对……有抵抗力；抵制……
(3)resistance n. 反抗；抵制
⑥The man resist being_arrested (arrest) and held off the police for an hour.
那人拒捕与警察对抗达一小时之久。

⑦That's why many managers are_resistant_to change.
那就是很多经理反对改革的原因。

[名师点津]resist表示“忍住”，常与表否定意义的can't/can hardly/be not able to连用，resist之后常接名词、代词或动名词，而不接不定式。

4．(教材P11)“Look at you two with your stupid ball and worn-out sneakers，”Steven laughed and said.
“看看你们两个，还有你们愚蠢的球和破烂的运动鞋。

”斯蒂芬边笑边说道。

worn out adj.破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的
①They were worn out after a long day spent working in the fields.
他们在地里干了一整天的活儿，累得疲惫不堪。

wear out用坏，(使)磨损
wear sb. out 使某人极度疲乏
wear off 渐渐减少；消逝
wear away 消磨，打发，虚度；(时光等)流逝
②If you climb a lot, your shoes will wear_out easily.
如果你经常爬山，鞋就会很容易磨破。

③Apart from tears, only time could wear_everything_away.
除了眼泪，只有时间可以消磨一切。

5．(教材P12)My favourite character in ‘The Attic’ is Stuart, who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale.
在小说《阁楼》中我最喜欢的人物是Stuart。

他来营救她并给一个原本阴暗的故事增添了喜剧色彩。

rescue n.& vt.救援，营救
①The rescue workers made a lot of rescue after the big earthquake.
大地震后，营救人员做了许多次营救工作。

(1)rescue sb./sth. from把……从……(地方)营救出来
(2)come to one's rescue 来援救某人
②The dog rescued_its_owner_from the burning house. What a faithful dog!
那条狗把它的主人从着火的房子中救了出来。

多么忠诚的狗啊！
③A wealthy businessman came_to_their_rescue with a generous donation.
一位富商慷慨解囊挽救了他们。

6．English literature, especially English fiction, is of great significance in the literary world.
英国文学，尤其是英国科幻小说，在文学界具有非常重要的意义。

(1)句中is of great significance 属于“be of ＋抽象名词”结构。

be of 后可接抽象名词，用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。

常见的名词有value, importance, use, help, significance, interest, benefit 等；在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词，如：great, little, some, any, no, not much 等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度；在“be of ＋抽象名词”结构中，其意义就相当于“be ＋与该抽象名词同词根的形容词”。

①The book will be of great value/very valuable to students of history.
这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。

②This kind of activity is_of_benefit to everyone here.
这种活动对在座的每一位都有益处。

(2)“be of ＋名词”还可用来说明句子主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。

这类名词有colour, age, size, height, weight, shape, type, kind 等。

在这类名词前常用“different, all, the same, this, that, a(n) ＋形容词”等词来修饰或说明。

③These pens are of_many_different_colours.
这些钢笔有许多不同的颜色。

④Their new cars are of acolour/of the same colour.
他们的新车颜色一样。

7．Later that day, a pair of brand new sneakers lay next to his chair, and in the corner was a new soccer ball.
那天晚些时候，一双崭新的运动鞋摆在了他的椅子旁边，角落里还有个新足球。

句中介词短语in the corner 放于句首引起全部倒装。

全部倒装用法小结：
(1)以here, there, now, then等开头，谓语动词为be, come, go, lie, appear等的句子要全部倒装(如果主语是人称代词，则主谓不使用倒装结构)。

①There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.
远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。

(2)为使表达生动，以out, in, up, away, down等副词开头的句子要全部倒装(如果主语是人称代词，则主谓不使用倒装结构)。

②Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
当警察把手枪对准那个罪犯时，他就从三楼跳了下去。

(3)为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，可把介词短语和形容词提前构成全部倒装结构。

③Through the window came out the sweet music.
从窗户里传出了美妙的音乐。

④Present_at_the_meeting_were experts on AIDS.
出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were in vain.
2．He was worn out on the half way to the mountaintop, and he couldn't go any further.
3．Large areas of the jungle are now threatened with destruction.
4．We hope that all people will be able to live in a world without war and violence (violent)．
5．While shopping, can you resist being_persuaded (persuade) to buy anything that you don't really need?
6．They stated that they had made great efforts to_reform (reform) the tax system.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他花起钱来像是一个百万富翁。

He spends as if he were_a_millionaire.
2．在公共场合吐痰是不礼貌的。

It is bad manners to_spit_in_public_places.
3．他已彻底改过，目前在努力工作。

He has_completely_reformed and is working hard.
4．虽然我应该减肥，但我忍不住又吃了一块蛋糕。

I couldn't_resist_having_another_piece_of_cake even though I was supposed to lose weight.
5．他计划要回到这里和他的老朋友重新聚一聚。

He is planning to come back here to_reunite_with_his_old_friends.
6．这个地区仅存的植物受到了干旱的威胁。

The existing vegetation in this area is under_threat_of_drought.
7．直到这双鞋破得不能再穿了，我才能给你买双新的。

I won't buy a new pair of shoes for you until_this_pair_is_worn_out.
8．在屋子那黑暗的角落里，那只猫跳了上去并抓住了那只老鼠。

In the dark corner of the room, up jumped_the_cat and caught the mouse.
9．你知道表演事业为什么会吸引那么多年轻女孩吗？
Do you know why acting has_appeal_to/appeals_to_so_many_young_girls?
Ⅲ.语境翻译
很遗憾(pity)! 老板对我们所做的一点都不(far from)满意，说我们所做的没用(be of ＋n．)，我们都该受(deserve)惩罚。

我们经理忍受(resist)不了，冲进办公室(介词短语放在句首)与老板理论。

最后他辞职了。

接着，吉姆，他在组织方面很有天赋(talent)，接管了这项任务。

吉姆说服老板不要惩罚我们，把我们从麻烦中拯救(rescue)了出来。

What a pity! The boss was far from satisfied with what we had done, saying all that we had done is of no use and that all of us deserved to be punished. Our manager couldn't resist it and into the office he rushed and argued with him. At last he resigned.Then Jim, who is talented in organization, took over the task.Jim rescued us from the trouble by persuading the boss out of punishing us.
[对应学生课下能力提升(二)]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The novel, set in the Gold Rush, is popular with many people.
2．So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far from ideal. We have to work still harder.
3．David threatened to_report (report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
4．It's widely agreed that the reform of our sports system, rather than foreign coaches, will be helpful to Chinese football.
5．He was almost asleep, worn out_ with all this hard work.
6．This kind of music has great appeal to the children.
Ⅱ.选词填空
head for， be set in， far from， worn out， make an appeal to
1．Have you ever read a novel which is_set_in pre-war London?
2．Computer, far_from destroying jobs, can create employment.
3．It's time that we headed/should_head_for the market.
4．The police made_an_appeal_to the public to remain calm, saying the situation would be improved soon.
5．Worn_out after a day of shopping, I fell asleep soon.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这种药对动物无效。

→This medicine is_of_no_use to animals. (use)
→This medicine is_useless to animals.(useless)
→This medicine is_not_useful to animals. (useful)
2．获胜者坐在大厅的前面。

In the front of the hall sat_the_winner.
3．山的南面有个小村子。

South_of_the_hill_lies a village.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade had seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that
market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emission (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
错误!
1．The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ________.
A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to forests
D．it makes growth hard to continue
解析：选B细节理解题。

通读第一段我们了解到传统产业模式(traditionalbusiness model)的发展危害包括森林数量的减少、全球气候变暖并且不利于可持续发展，囊括了选项A、C、D内容，选项B的内容(消耗自然资源)不属于其危害，因而选择B。

2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy.
B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market.
C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable rainforest.
解析：选C推理判断题。

从第二段“China, for example ... It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy”可以看出，中国使用风能和太阳能是为了节能减排，并不是缺乏，排除A选项；“has set its mind on”以及“hoping”暗示中国希望在节能减排方面领先，并不是已经走在了前面，排除B；从“...which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest”一句可以看出D项错误；“and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains”暗示C 选项正确。

3．We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________.
A．develop sustainable products
B．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resources
D．deal with the major challenge
解析：选A推理判断题。

通过最后一段末句“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可以知道答案选择A。

4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business model.
B．To compare two business models.
C．To predict a change of the global market.
D．To advocate sustainable development.
解析：选D作者意图题。

全文主体的重点是呼吁人类建立一种可持续发展的产业模式，实现可持续发展，而并非简单地介绍一种产业模式或比较两种产业模式的差异，更不是预测全球市场的改变，因而排除选项A、B、C。

D选项中advocate意为“提倡，主张”。

B
More often than not, people will look at the phone screen to check for new
messages or have a quick look at Facebook. Researchers have now found why we often feel such a strong need to look at our phones. Using the mobile phone, they say, is contagious (传染的)．
A team says people are twice as likely to pull out their phones to check their text messages or e-mails if they're with someone that has just done the same. They also found that women were more likely to use their mobile phones than men. The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around the college, observing pairs of college students sitting at tables for as long as 20 minutes and recording their cellphone use. “What we found most interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones，”Dr. Daniel Kruger, the study's co­author, said.“Every person we studied used his or her phone at least once while one woman was on hers about half of the time. People saw others checking their incoming messages and began to check their own.”
“Cellphones create another choice for one's attention and may both support and disagree with live social activities，”the researchers wrote. Kruger believed this could be explained by the effects of social inclusion (包含) and exclusion (排除). If one person in a pair starts a conversation through his phone, the other one may feel excluded and then feel the need to get in touch with others so as not to feel left out.
The researchers note that they might not get the same result in a study of different people —for example, older adults, who may not have a habit of using cellphones so often.
5．From the study we can learn that ________.
A．people can affect each other in using mobile phones
B．using mobile phones has nothing to do with social activities
C．men are more likely to be affected by others' using mobile phones
D．the sound of mobile phones makes using mobile phones contagious
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据文章内容可知，这项研究发现使用手机具有传染性，由此可知答案为A。

6．If old adults are studied, the researchers ________.
A．will find that old adults don't like to use mobile phones
B．will find that mobile phones are harmful to health
C．will no longer like using mobile phones
D．may reach a different result
解析：选D细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“they might not get the same result in a study of different people”可知，研究不同的人群会得出不同的研究结果。

7．Which can best describe the author's attitude towards using mobile phones?
A．Supportive.B．Objective.
C．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
解析：选B观点态度题。

本文客观陈述了一项研究发现，由此可知答案为B。

8．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to use mobile phones correctly
B．Why college students like mobile phones
C．Relation between mobile phones and people's hobbies
D．Something interesting about the habit of using mobile phones
解析：选D标题归纳题。

本文陈述的是关于使用手机方面的一些有趣的研究结果，故Something interesting about the habit of using mobile phones最适合做文章标题。

Ⅴ.语法填空
Last week, our class was 1.on duty in the cafeteria for student self-management.On the first day, I 2.was_shocked (shock) to see so much leftover food thrown away by students.What a waste！Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had a 3.heated (heat) discussion on how 4.to_solve (solve) the problem.Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings, putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting food.Finally, we all agreed that wall newspapers would be 5.the_best (good) choice.
The next day, we put our idea into reality.Towards lunch time, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria, 6.calling (call) on students not to waste food.Many students gathered around to read and 7.expressed (express) their
support.To my great delight, there were changes soon.In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty 8.without any leftover.Food 9.was_saved (save) and the dining hall was cleaner.Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of 10.what_ we had done.。