Hugo Award雨果奖

The Hugo Awards are a set of awards given every year for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements 1of last year.The awards are named after Hugo Gernsback,the founder of the pioneering science fiction magazine
.The Hugo Awards have been termed as “among the highest honors bestowed 2in science fiction and fantasy writing ”.雨果奖，是每年为那些最佳科幻小说或者奇幻作品以及上一年度的突出成就颁发的一系列奖项。

该奖项以”雨果·根斯巴克”的名字命名，是为了纪念这位“科幻杂志之父”———他是第一本真正的科幻杂志《惊奇故事》的创办人。

雨果奖被誉为”科幻小说和奇幻小说中的最高荣誉”。

The first Hugo Awards were presented at the 11th World Science Fiction
Convention in Philadelphia in 1953.1953年，在费城举行的第11届世界科幻大会上首次颁发了雨果奖。

The 1954World Science Fiction Convention chose not to,but the awards were reinstated 3in 1955,and after that became traditional.The awards have been awarded every year since 1955.The award was called the Annual Science Fiction Achievement Award,with “Hugo Award ”being an unofficial,but better known name.1954年世界科幻大会上，雨果奖停办了一年，但是在1955年又恢复了，并且从此成为了传统奖项。

自1955年起，每年都会颁发雨果奖。

该奖项被称
为“年度科幻成就奖”，“雨果奖”是一个非官方的、但更出名的名字。

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In1959,though there were still no formal guidelines4governing the awards,
several rules were instated5which became traditional after then.
1959年，尽管还没有正式的评奖准则，之前设置的一些规则成为了之后的
传统规则。

In1961,the World Science Fiction Society was set up to oversee each World
Science Fiction Convention committee.Formal rules were set down in the World
Science Fiction Society.
1961年，世界科幻协会成立了，旨在监督每个国家的世界科幻大会委员
会，该协会还确立了正式的规则。

In1964,the guidelines were changed to allow creating additional categories.
1964年，准则经过修改，允许创建额外的奖项类别。

In1967,categories for Novelette,Fan Writer,and Fan Artist were added,and
a category for Best Novella was added the following year.
1967年，增加了中篇小说类别、“雨果范作家”和“雨果范艺术家”奖项；次
年，增加了最佳中篇小说的类别。

In1973,the World Science Fiction Society removed the category for Best
Professional Magazine.
1973年，世界科幻协会移除了奖项类别。

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In1980,the category for Book was added,followed by a
category for Best Semiprozine (semi professional magazine)in1984.
1980年，增加了最佳非小说类别，之后在1984年增加了最佳业余杂志（半
专业杂志）奖类别。

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In 1990,the Best Original Art Work Award was given as an extra Hugo Award,though not actually awarded,and then became as an official Hugo Award.
1990年，最佳原创艺术作品奖被作为了额外的雨果奖授予，虽然没有被实际颁
发，但是后来成为了一个正式的雨果奖项。

In 2003,the Dramatic Presentation Award was divided into two categories,Long Form and Short Form.This was repeated with the Best Professional Editor category in 2007.2003年，戏剧表演奖分为了两类：长形式和短形式。

这同2007年“最佳专业编辑”类别重复了。

A set of new rules,were passed in 2015and ratified 6in 2016to modify the nominations process.Intended to make sure that organized minority groups cannot dominate every finalist position in a category,the new rules define a voting system in which nominees are removed one by one,with each vote for an removed work then spread out over the unremoved works they nominated,until only the final shortlist remains.These
rules were ratified in 2016to be used for the first time in 2017.一套修订的提名程序的新规则在2015年被通过，并于2016年获得批准。

为了确保有组织的少数团体不能影响每一位进入决赛的选手的位置，新的规则规定了一个投票流程：候选人逐一被淘汰，每投票选出一个淘汰的作品后，那些提名的、未被淘汰的作品一起继续参与投票，直到最后的名单诞生。

这些规则于2016年获批准，将于2017年首次使用。

Notes:
1.achievement []成就；完成；达到；成绩
2.bestow []使用；授予
3.reinstate [
]
使恢复；使复原
4.guideline []指导方针
5.instate []任命
6.ratify []批准；认可文化长廊
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