中考英语人教版一轮复习导学案+第七讲+八年级(上)Units+7～8

第七讲八年级(上)Units7～8
重点词汇
1.future(n.)将来；未来
2．environment(n.)环境
3．planet(n.)行星
4．plant(v.)种植(n.)植物
5．shape(n.)形状；外形
6．during(prep.)在……期间
7．shake(n.&v.)摇动；抖动
8．pour(v.)倒出；倾倒
9．finally(ad v.)最后
10.salt(n.)食盐
11．machine(n.)机器；机械装
置
12．hole(n.)洞；孔；坑
13．piece(n.)片；块；段
14．traditional(adj.)传统的；
惯例的
15．celebrate(v.)庆祝
16．cover(v.)遮盖；覆盖
17．serve(v.)接待；服务
18．temperature(n.)温度词汇拓展
1.pollute→污染pollution→污
染的polluted
2．peace→peaceful
3．believe→believable→(反义
词)unbelievable
4.possible→(反义
词)impossible
5．dig→(过去式，过去分
词)dug→(现在分词)digging 重点短语
1.参与某事play a part (in)
2．处于危险中in danger
3．数百hundreds of
4．倒塌；突然倒下fall down
5．寻找；寻求look for
6．在未来in the future
7.多次over and over again
8．切碎cut up
9．按通(电流、煤气、水等)；
打开turn on
10．用……覆
盖……cover…with
11．一个接一个one by one
12．用……把……装满
fill…with…
重点句型
1.Do you thinkthere will be
robots in people’s homes?
你认为人们家里将会有机器
人吗？
2．Peoplewill live to be_200
years old.
人们将会活到200岁。

3．What's your predictionabout
thefuture?
关于未来你的预言是什么？
4.What will the futurebe like?
未来将会是什么样子？
5．How many bananas do we
need?
我们需要多少香蕉？
6．How much yogurt do we
need?
我们需要多少酸奶？
一、根据句意及汉语提示，填入恰当的单词。

1．Did you read theinstructions(说明)on the bottle?
2．Would you like some morebutter(黄油)on your bread?
3．Can you guess what is on thetop(顶部)?
4．You shouldcheck(检查)your test paper carefully before you hand it in.
5．Look！There are threeducks(鸭子)swimming in the river.
6．During(在……期间) the holiday，I went to visit my uncle.
7．David is the monitor(班长) of our class.He often helps others.
8．Finally(最后) they drank the milk shake.
9．There is going to be a heavy rain.You should take a raincoat(雨衣) with you.
10．No one knows what will happen in the future(将来)．
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

11．I think there is less airpollution(pollute) in Hangzhou than in other cities of China.
12．Don't ride your bike too fast in the street.It's very dangerous(danger)．
13．Some of thefactories(factory)closed last year，so many workers had to go home.
14．My brother thinks robots can work as a person，but Idisagree(agree)with him.
15．It'simpossible(possible)for me to finish my homework in such a short time.
一、Everything will be free.任何东西都是免费的。

【考点精讲】
everything为不定代词，意为“每件事”。

作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

eg：
Everything goes well.一切都进行得很顺利。

【拓展】(1)everything与否定词not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非每件事；并非每样东西”。

eg：
Not everything is good.并非每件事都是好的。

(2)everything被形容词修饰时，应该放在形容词的前面。

eg：
Please help me put everything necessary in the car.请帮我把每件必需品都放到车里。

Since 2000，Jingmen has become a new city. Everything________．(2014，荆门)
A．is changed B．was changed
C．had changed D．has changed
【解析】D。

句意：自从2000年，荆门已经变成了一个新城市。

所有的事物都改变了。

根据时间状语since 2000以及主语everything可知选D。

【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．A smile costs__C__，but gives so much.
A．something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
2．You look worried! Is__C__all right？(2014，杭州)
A．everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
3．When the Greens moved into the house last week，__B__was at sixes and sevens，so they
did a big cleaning.(2012，武汉)
A．something B．everything
C．anything D．nothing
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子。

4．春天到了，万物开始生长。

When_spring_comes，everything_begins_to_grow.
5．你似乎知道每件重要的事情。

It_seems_that_you_know_everything_important.
二、There will be(more/less/fewer) people.将会有(更多/更少/更少的)人。

【考点精讲】
(1)more是many和much的比较级，其后既可以跟可数名词复数，也可以跟不可数名词，意思是“更多的”。

eg：
Mr.Smith wanted to get more money.史密斯先生想得到更多的钱。

(2)less是little的比较级，其后只接不可数名词，意思是“较少的，更少的”。

eg：
There is less water in that glass.那个杯子里的水更少。

(3)fewer是few的比较级，其后只接可数名词的复数形式，意思是“较少的，更少的”。

eg：
I have fewer friends in that school.在那所学校里我的朋友比较少。

—Many people eat ________meat than they did before.
—Yes，that's why they're getting fatter and fatter.(2014，贺州)
A．more B．less C．fewer D．much
【解析】A。

考查比较级。

根据句中than可知此处应该用比较级。

根据答句：是的，那就是他们变得越来越胖的原因。

可知前一句：很多人比以前吃的肉多了。

而fewer修饰可数名词，故选A。

【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．If you want to be thinner and healthier，you'd better eat__D__food and take______exercise.
A．more；fewer B．more；less
C．fewer；more D．less；more
2．During this year's Reading Week，I read the most books in our class.No one read__B__books than I．(2014，苏州)
A．may B．more C．few D．fewer
3．Funtawild Adventure is very popular and __A__tourists visit it year by year.(2014，芜湖) A．more and more B．fewer and fewer
C．less and less D．more or less
4．He knows__B__about computer than me.
A．much B．more C．most
5．—__C__scientific attitude is needed in developing our city.
—I agree with you. In this way，we can make______mistakes.(2014，成都)
A．Fewer；less B．Less；more C．More；fewer
Ⅱ.选词填空。

6．Dale hasfewer(few；fewer) Christmas cards than I have.
7．They believe that there will befewer(less；fewer)green trees in fifty years.
8．He is ill and he can eatless(more；less)food.
9．The father said to his son，“Themore(more；much)，the better.”
10．David hasless(less；fewer)money than Anna has.
三、How much yogurt do we need？我们需要多少酸奶？
【考点精讲】
how much此处用来询问不可数名词的数量，意为“多少”。

how much可单独使用，其后也可接不可数名词。

eg：
—I want some orange juice.我想要一些橙汁。

—How much do you want？你想要多少？
How much water is there in the bottle?
瓶子里有多少水？
【拓展】how much还可用来询问价格，意为“多少钱”。

eg：
—How much is the computer?
这台电脑多少钱？
—It's four thousand yuan.四千元。

【注意】询问可数名词的数量用how many。

how many后接可数名词复数形式。

eg：How many pens does Mary have？玛丽有几支钢笔？
—________milk do you want?
—Three bottles，please.(2014，乐山)
A．How much B．How many C．What
【解析】A。

由答语“三瓶”可知提问数量。

how much提问不可数名词的数量，how many 提问可数名词复数的数量。

milk为不可数名词，故选A。

【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1.—Could you give me some money，Dad?
—__C__do you need?
—Twenty-five yuan______OK.
A．How many；is B．How much；are
C．How much；is
2．—__A__is your watch?
—It's eighty yuan.
A．How much B．What
C．How D．What color
3．How much__B__do you have?
A．sock B．water C．pear D．shirt
4．__D__socks does he want?
A．How much B．What
C．How D．How many
Ⅱ.用many，much填空。

5．How much is that skirt?
6．How many people are there in your family?
7．How much rice do you need?
8．How much bread is there in the box?
四、【辨析】already/yet/still
【考点精讲】
already，yet与still都可表示“已经；还”之意，但有所区别：
◆already意为“已经”，指事物有变化；still意为“尚且”，指事物仍维持原状。

◆already如果用于肯定的疑问句，常常表示问话人对某一动作或状态开始或完成的比预想的要快、要早而表示的惊异。

◆already多用于肯定句，而yet多用于疑问句或否定句。

eg：
My friends have not arrived yet，but they are on the way.我的朋友还没有来，不过他们已经在路上了。

◆yet有时也可用于肯定句中，意思与still相同，意为“仍然；还”，此时常放在句首。

—Who will teach________oral English next term？Can it be a new teacher?
—Perhaps.But our head teacher hasn't told us.(2012，深圳)
A．your；already B．you；yet
C．you；already D．your；yet
【解析】B。

teach后接双宾语，排除A、D；yet用于否定中，排除C。

故选B。

【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．Holly has__B__fed the dog，but she hasn't watered the plants______．(2014，青岛)
A．still；already B．already；yet
C．yet；still D．yet；already
2．The 3D Titanic is a moving film.My parents have seen it twice__B__．(2014，黄石) A．yet B．already C．never D．almost
3．The bag that my grandpa made for me gradually gets out of style，but it is__B__the best thing in my mind.
A．just B．still C．already D．yet
Ⅱ.用already，still或yet填空。

4．There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow it?
5．The actress is already 50，but she looks much younger than she really is.
6．—Come on，Dave.It's time for dinner.
—I'm not hungry yet．I've just had a hamburger.
五、【辨析】turn on/turn off/turn down/turn up/open
【考点精讲】
◆turn on意为“(把水源、煤气、电源等)打开”，其反义词组为turn off。

turn down意为“(把收音机的音量、灯等)关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。

这些短语中on，off，up，down均为副词，后接代词时，应放在词组中间；后接名词时，放中间放后面均可。

eg：The radio is very loud.Can you turn it down a little？收音机声音太大。

你能开小一点吗？
Turn up the radio.＝Turn the radio up.把收音机的声音调大一点。

◆open是指把关着或封着的门窗、箱、盒等打开，其反义词是close。

eg：
Please open the door.请打开门。

Don't close the window.别关窗。

The boy is sleeping.Please________the radio.(2013，益阳)
A．turn up B．turn down C．turn on
【解析】B。

turn up“把声音调高”；turn down“把声音调低”；turn on“打开”。

由句意“这个小男孩睡着了”可知“请把收音机声音调低”，故选B。

【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．—Would you mind__D__the music a little？Don't you think it's too loud?
—Sorry！I'll do it in a minute.(2013，台州)
A．turning on B．turning off
C．turning up D．turning down
2．It's time for CCTV news.Let's __A__the TV and watch it.(2014，嘉兴)
A．turn on B．get on
C．try on D．put on
3．Please__B__the light when you leave the classroom.(2013，吉林)
A．turn on B．turn off C．turn up
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。

4．离开教室时请关灯。

Pleaseturn off the lights when you leave the classroom.(2013，广州)
5．房间里太暗了。

请打开灯。

It's too dark in the room.Pleaseturn on the light.
★★写作专题——记叙文★★
一、要点入门
记叙文以记叙、描述为主要方式，一般是开门见山，直接交代时间、地点、人物、事件等，然后详细叙述事件发展的过程、原因等。

一个事件的组成包括许多细节，写作时，要选择与写作意图相关的主要材料。

二、典型例题
在你成长的历程中，有些日子会让你开心快乐，经久难忘。

请根据以下图示，以“My pleasant day”为题，写一篇100词左右的短文，叙述你这一天的活动和感受。

要求：1.参考所给图示，可适当发挥；
2．语句通顺，行文连贯，书写工整。

【思路点拨】
短文要求以叙事为主，可按“总——分——总”的结构来写。

先总述一下你这一天的整体感受，然后分早晨、中午、下午等时间段分别叙述你所做的开心事，最后再发表感受。

由于叙述的是过去发生的事，因此要用一般过去时。

人称用第一人称。

【写作模版】
总述感受I had a pleasant day…分述活动I…in the morning.Then…At noon，…In the afternoon，I…发表感受I felt…living happily and
actively.Ｋ
【满分范文】
My pleasant day
I had a pleasant day last Saturday. In the morning，I got up early. After breakfast I began to do my homework. It took me an hour to finish it.Next，I had fun surfing the Internet for a while.While Mom was cooking lunch，I cleaned the house and washed my clothes.After lunch I had a short rest. In the afternoon，I went to volunteer at the old people's home.After that I played tennis with Dad.When I was back home I listened to some music. I felt relaxed.I enjoyed living happily and actively.。