2021届北京市第四中学高三英语月考试题及参考答案

2021届北京市第四中学高三英语月考试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
People in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.
Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.
Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.
The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) -the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.
1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?
A. They cleaned hands before meals.
B. They used personal utensils.
C. They had to use knives at dinner.
D. They ate mostly with hands.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The order of eating foods.
B. The weight of various foods.
C. The principles of digesting foods.
D. The list of healthy foods.
3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?
A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.
B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.
C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal.
D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.
B
You’re in a crowd of people who are all asking for the same thing. How do you make your voice heard above the rest? Be different. Don’t shout. Lisa, 25, was waiting to board a plane flying fromLondontoAustriafor Christmaswhen the flight was cancelled.
“There were about a hundred of us unable to leave,” she says. “Everyone else was shouting at the airport staff. Instead of joining in, I walked up to the man behind the ticket desk very quietly and said, ‘This must be so awful for you! I don’t know how you deal with these situations—it’s not even your fault. I could never handle it as well as you are.’ Without my even asking, he found me a seat on another airline with an upgrade to first class. He was happy to do a favor forsomeone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”
Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy. “It’s human psychology that stroking a person’s ego (自我) with a few well-directed praises makes them want to prove you right,” says apsychologist. “Tell someone they’re pretty and they’ll instantly fix their hair; praise their sense of humor and they’ll tell a joke.”
You need help and there’s ly no reason that the person will want to lend a hand. Allison, 26. a lawyer, realized she’d made a huge mistake on a batch of documents. “The only way I could fix the problem was to get the help of a colleague who I knew didn’t like me,” she said.
Allison then went to the woman’s office and explained her problem. “As I was saying to the boss the other day you’re the only person who would know how to handle a situation like this, what would you suggest I do?” “Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.” Allison said.
4. Whatwould have happened at the airport according to paragraph 1?
A. The departure hall was filled with noise.
B. Someone screamed just lo be different.
C. The passengers waited on board patiently.
D. The airport stuff were rude to the passengers.
5. Why did the man put Lisa on another airline?
A. He admired Lisa’s beauty.
B. He appreciated her attitude.
C. He was ready to help others.
D. He was blamed for the cancellation.
6. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The potential benefits of ego.
B. The strategy to start small talk.
C. The great importance of flattery.
D. The value of humor in daily life.
7. What can we learn about Allison’s colleague?
A. She was a popular lawyer.
B. She was always ready to help others.
C. She always got praise from Allison.
D. She did a great favor for Allison eventually.
C
Smart speakers have proven to be handy devices in hospitals, allowing patients to control independently . And now, researchers from theUniversityofWashingtonhave developed an artificial intelligence system that enables these devices to monitor heartbeats.
Using technology to remotely monitor heart rates isn't new. These days most smartwatches and fitness trackers are capable of it. The good thing here is that researchers have figured out a way to use the microphones in smart speakers to do it without requiring physical contact.
In a study published inCommunications Biology, the researchers had the smart speakers send out signals that couldn't be heard which were then reflected off a person's body. They then analyzed these signals to identify small chest wall motions related to heartbeats, as well as separate those signals from surrounding noise and breathing.
For this particular proof — of — concept setup, the researchers tested this smart speaker on 26 healthy participants and 24 hospitalized patients with various heart conditions, including atrial fibrillation（心房颤动）and heart failure. In both cases, the smart speaker was within 28 -30 milliseconds of an ECG（心电图）,the gold standard used in hospitals to discover arrhythmia（心律不齐）.
Like smartwatches with advanced heart features, using smart speakers in this way opens up the possibility for passive, remote heart monitoring. ECGs, while highly accurate, require a visit to the doctor and several electrodes （电极）to be placed on the body. They,re not capable of continuous monitoring so you're limited to what it picks
up at that exact moment in time ——one reason why heart arrhythmia can be so hard to discover.
Smartwatches are capable of passive, remote, continuous monitoring, but they require you to wear the device at all times to be effective. It's not something that's comfortable for everyone, especially when it comes to sleep and for those with highly sensitive skin. Another issue is that these advanced smartwatches are expensive, while smart speakers are much cheaper.
“If you have a device like this, you can monitor a patient on an extended basis and then develop corresponding care plans that satisfy the patient' s needs,“ said Dr. Arun Sridhar, co — senior author on the study. "And the beauty of using this kind of devices is that they are already in people's homes.”
8. What does the author focus on in Paragraph 3?
A. How the smart speaker works.
B. Why the smart speaker is useful.
C. The advantages of smart speakers.
D. The importance of the study.
9. Why is heart arrhythmia difficult to find?
A. ECGs are not highly accurate.
B. ECGs can't monitor continuously.
C. Doctors know little about heart arrhythmia.
D. An ECG test is hard to operate and expensive.
10. Which statement best explains the characteristics of smartwatches?
A. They are comfortable to wear.
B. They are friendly to sensitive skin.
C. They are effective and cheap.
D. They are able to monitor remotely.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. We need to invent more smart devices.
B. Care plans are vital to patients with heart failure.
C. Smart speakers could be contactless heart monitors.
D. Different devices are needed to meet patients,demands.
D
For years, Zach Ault, a father of three, enjoyed being physically active. He was even training for a
half-marathon. But in 2017, he took time off to recover from an infection. After recovering, he tried to continue his runs but could not complete them. He was not able to spend time with his children. He had to cut back his job. Even sleeping as much as 16 hours a day made no difference in his condition.
“His body had literally hijacked him and it wasn't going to allow him to push through, ” said Anne Ault, his wife. After months of testing, doctors announced their result-chronic fatigue syndrome, a disease that makes an individual feel extremely tired.
This fatigue lasts more than six months and becomes worse after any kind of physical exertion (费力活动). Patients may have difficulty standing upright. They also may have trouble thinking, often described as a “brain fog”. There are no approvedtreatments, or even tests to help with diagnosis. There is no way to predict who will recover and who will have a severe case that lasts for years.
Now the doctors at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are conducting a unique study to learn more about the condition. Zach Ault is one of the subjects in the study. When Ault rides an exercise bicycle, scientists measure how his leg muscles use oxygen. Afterward, doctors fit a special cap on Ault's head to measure electrical activity in his brain. They then send him to spend the night in an air-tight room where air has been removed with pipe for additional study. Scientists measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to tell how much energy Ault is using, minute by minute. “We're figuring out how his body adjusts to an exercise load, or a stress load.”
“It's hard not knowing if or when I'm going to recover, ” he said. But Ault says the study did help him learn about the disease. And it gave him ideas about how to save up his energy.
12. What was Zach Ault's life like before 2017?
A. He was fond of exercising.
B. He won several half-marathons.
C. He spent much time lying in bed.
D. He was busy looking after his children.
13. How did the infection affect Zach Ault?
A. He lost his job.
B. He was unable to sleep.
C. He became too weak to do sports.
D. He was tired of running a half-marathon.
14. What can we learn about chronic fatigue syndrome?
A. It usually lasts no more than months.
B. It is likely to cause thinking disorders.
C. Patients with it need to stay in bed all day long.
D. Patients with it should avoid any kind of exercise.
15. What does Zach Ault think of the study?
A. It helped him cure his illness.
B. It helped him recover and stay fit.
C. It taught him how to enjoy cycling.
D. It brought him new ideas about fighting diseases.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项To an outsider，any culture can seem confusing.And the UK's got a thing or two that raises a few eyebrows.However，understand the why and things might be less puzzling.___16___.
Ina world where 61％of nations drive on the right，Brits drive on the left.Why? Most people think it goes back to Medieval，maybe even Roman times.___17___when you remember that right-handed people wear a sword on their left hip.Travelling on the left allowedyou to keep your weapon arm toward your opponent，who would be on your right.This practice continued until the 18th century when a law was passed requiring all traffic crossingLondonBridgeto keep to the left.
Visitors to the UK that have just washed their hands in an old-fashioned sink might be wondering why one tap is only for hot water，the other cold.___18___.So，why this oddity? It relates to a time when hot and cold water were kept separate to prevent pollution.Drinkable cold water came from a mainssupply，but hot water came from attic tanks and was not considered suitable for consumption.So they were kept apart.
Millions of people drink tea worldwide，but the odd Brits put milk in theirs.Why? This mysterious practice relates to the quality of china cup used in the 18th century when tea was first imposed.For the majority of Brits，the cups available couldn’t stand the heat of the boiling water and would break，so milk was added first.___19___.And this practical tweak soon became a national habit.
___20___.As you can see，these odd Brits have perfectly clear reasons for left-hand driving，two-tap sinks and tea with milk.Even if they still seem strange，at least now you’re in the know.
A. This makes it difficult to improve
B. There is a method to the madness
C.This unusual behavior makes sense
D. You can know the origins of the practices
E. Either can make washing very uncomfortable
F. This cooled the cup enough to resist the boiling water
G. Here are the reasons for three ofBritain’s more puzzling practices
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
Last Monday, to prepare a picnic, I decided to go into a superstore. I parked my car and went into the superstore, which was a____21____one. After 45 minutes of____22____to just get some tomatoes, cheese and 3 toothpicks, I got to the cashier line (收银员线), a bit____23____by the time I spent to get 3____24____. I wondered why I did not go to a small local store.
After 15 minutes of waiting in the line, the woman____25____me calls me, “Hey... you only have 3 articles?____26____before me, I have more items than you!”
It wasn’t the first time it happened to me.____27____her initiative (主动提议) was disarming, as well as was her____28____(she did not wear any____29____, so I could see it). Not knowing what else to do, I accepted her________30________. We chitchatted a bit waiting for the________31________ahead of us to finish—she was unbelievably________32________. Then I thanked her, giving her back my brightest smile.
Getting back in my car, I rethought about that________33________moment, and realized that she________34________my day. In the meantime, I wondered how to give it back to her. No doubt it was quite________35________, so I considered how to pay it forward to someone else.
While________36________, I realized that she saved me 10 minutes. And while I was driving at 70 mph, I reduced my________37________to 55 mph. My fuel consumption sharply________38________by 35%.
I________39________part of the 10 minutes that the woman offered me, but it was a way to________40________her and do a small thing for the environment.
21. A.huge B.empty C.well-decorated D.crowded
22. A.wandering B.driving C.shopping D.relaxing
23. A.excited B.tired C.unsatisfied D.embarrassed
24. A.boxes B.articles C.parcels D.choices
25. A.in front of B.next to C.beyond D.behind
26. A.Stop B.Cross C.Rush D.Pass
27. A.But B.So C.And D.Or
28. A.smile B.answer C.voice D.gesture
29. A.necklace B.mask C.earring D.makeup
30. A.permission B.excuse C.explanation D.offering
31. A.waiters B.customers C.cashiers D.neighbors
32. A.smart B.pleasant C.patient D.generous
33. A.good B.familiar C.important D.romantic
34. A.stole B.ruined C.made D.occupied
35. A.unbelievable B.unnecessary C.meaningless D.impossible
36. A.bargaining B.leaving C.packing D.driving
37. A.fuel B.price C.speed D.time
38. A.took off B.rose up C.dropped down D.cooled down
39. A.reused B.relost C.saved D.wasted
40. A.encourage B.thank C.remind D.repay
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
A psychologist once said, “If you've overcome every one of your fears, congratulations —you're dead.'' This humorous" saying points to a simple___41.___(true)---no one can escape fear completely.
___42.___fear can be a good thing. In fact, sometimes we are afraid of things___43.___aren’t dangerous, such as public speaking, failing a test, or being' rejected. These___44.___(health) fears can keep us from achieving our dreams. So how can we___45.___(success) face our fears?
Admit what you fear and then share it with someone you trust. Perhaps you worry that others would look down___46.___you if they know what you fear, but you might be surprised at how many other people share the same fears. Learning you are not the only one who fears something___47.___(give) your self-confidence a push.
Ask yourself, "What is the worst-case situation?" If you think about it, the worst might not be that bad after all. Compared with the fear of losing a competition or being turned down, the regret of having missed opportunities can be even___48.___(hard) to bear. Even worse, you , will never know what you might have accomplished.
Take small steps toward___49.___(overcome) your fear. If you fear public speaking, start by giving a small talk to a few people. If your talk doesn't go well, try again. Each small success will increase your confidence and persistence (坚持)，which____50.____(be) among the keys to success.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。

注意：
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

The other day, I was invited my friend Sam's home for dinner. I felt a bit surprising when I saw Bill there. It was two month since we two had quarreled, so I was embarrassed and didn't know how to do. I sat down on the sofa but began to watch TV. Later, Sam came to ask me to make up with Bill. Until then I realize that Sam had arranged the dinner on purpose. He went up to Bill and greeted him warmly, smile at him. He looked verb happy and talked with me excited. That night, we had a great fun together.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是星光中学的学生李津，将参加主题为“My Chinese Dream”的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1.你梦想成为一名山村教师，帮助山村的孩子；
2.山区偏僻，教育落后；
3.父母和朋友都反对；
4.你会……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Good morning, everyone!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
参考答案
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
16. G 17. C 18. E 19. F 20. B
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32.
B 33. A 34.
C 35.
D 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. truth
42. However
43. that/which
44. unhealthy
45. successfully
46. on/upon
47. gives/will give
48. harder 49. overcoming 50. is
51.(1).在my前面加to
(2).surprising→ surprised
(3).month→months
(4).how→what
(5).but→and
(6).realize→realized
(7).He→I
(8).smile→smiling
(9).excited→excitedly
(10).a去掉
52.略。