高中英语 Unit 19 Language Section Ⅱ Language Points (Ⅰ

Unit 19 Language
Section ⅡLanguage Points (Ⅰ)
(Warm­up & Lesson 1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出以下单词
1．Politicians prefer to use the medium(媒介物)of television.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，书面表达)I am delighted to inform(通知)you that this year's music festival will be held shortly.
3．They have guaranteed(保证)that any faulty parts would be replaced free of charge.
4．The city's water supply is no longer adequate(足够)for its needs.
5．Not all athletes attain(达到)this standard of physical fitness.
6．A person folds his arms across his chest.
7．In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.
8．Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.
9．You can enlarge your vocabulary by reading.
10．In the new term, most students adjust themselves very quickly to their new teachers.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出以下单词
1．fluent adj.流利的，流畅的→fluency n．流利度，流畅度
2．accuracy n．精确度，准确度→accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.准确地，精确地
3．attain vt.达到；获得→attainment n．达到；获得→attainable adj.可以达到的，可以获得的
4．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
5．adjust vt.调节；调整→adjustable adj.可调节的→adjustment n．调整，调节
6．announce vt.宣告，通告→announcement n．通告；宣告Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全以下短语
1．get ahead取得成功，获得进步
2．stand out 突出，显眼
3．in the absence of 缺乏，不存在
4．rely on 依赖，指望
5．take the form of 以……的形式
6．hold the key to 抓住……的关键
7．make sure 确保，务必
8．inform sb.of 告知某人某事
9．keep in mind 记住
10．in case 以防万一
Ⅳ.选词填空
用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He looked in the bathroom to make sure that he was alone.
2．We must keep in mind that we are not children any more, and we should be independent.
3．In the 1980s，it seemed that puters held the key to economic forecasting.
4．Your sister informed me of an interesting event, upon which I beg to offer my most sincere congratulations.
5．He stood out in terms of petence from all his fellows.
6．When times were difficult，he relied on friends for financial assistance.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
en­＋adj.→vt. v.＋out→动词短语enlarge扩大
enable使能够
enrich使富裕
watch out当心，小心
cut out切下；省略
sort out整理
背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实
1.There's no point reading the
news in English if you've already
watched it in your own language.
如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语
的这那么新闻就没有意义了。

There's no
point(in)doing
sth.“做某事毫
无意义〞。

There is no point plaining
now—we're leaving
tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义——不管
怎样我们明天都要离开。

2.It was predicted as early as the
1700s that English would one day be
the global language...
早在18世纪人们就预言英语有一天
会成为全球性语言……
it作形式主语，
that引导主语从
句。

It was predicted in the old
times that man would be on
the moon.
在古时候人们预测，人类将登
上月球。

3.But sadly，the chances that we
will all have the opportunity to
live in an English­speaking
country are small.
但遗憾的是，我们很少有人有机会生
活在讲英语的国家。

that引导同位语
从句。

The chance that Zhou Qi will
bee a star in the CBA in the
ing few years is high.
周琦在未来几年里成为中国
职业篮球队的一位明星的可
能性很大。

4.However，putting in those extra
15 minutes a day does take
dedication.
然而，每天多学15分钟确实需要专心
致志。

does是助动词，用
来加强语气。

He did have a good time last
night.
他昨天晚上的确玩得很开心。

(教材P6)In today's world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead．
当今世界，要想取得令人瞩目的成就，就要会讲至少两种语言，特别是英语。

(1)stand out显眼；突出；出色
stand by 和……站在一起；袖手旁观
stand for 代表；象征；意味着；支持，主X
stand up 站起；站得住脚
stand aside 躲开；退出(竞选)
stand back 退后，避开
stand up for 支持；坚持；拥护；捍卫
那只猫时，你怎能站在一旁不管呢？
②The letters PLA stand for the People's Liberation Army.PLA这几个字母代表中国人民解放军。

③People on the street were asked to stand aside to let the president's car through.
街上的人都被要求靠边站以让总统的车通过。

(2)get ahead取得成功，取得进步；领先
get along/on 进展；相处
get away with 逃脱；免受惩罚
get in 进入；收集；收割
get over 克服；解决；恢复
get through 用完，做完；通过；接通()
汤姆优于班上其他的男孩。

⑤Don't be tempted to cheat—you'll never get away with it.
别想着作弊——对作弊者会严惩不贷。

⑥I think the problem can be got(get)over without too much difficulty.
我认为这个问题不太难解决。

absence n．缺乏；缺席；不存在
(教材P6)However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
然而，没有英语语言环境，学英语是很难的。

(1)absence of mind 心不在焉
in the absence of sth. 在缺乏某物时
in/during one's absence＝in/during the absence of sb.
在某人不在时
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的
be absent from work/school 旷工/旷课
他桌上有什么东西。

②In the absence of any evidence，the police had to let him go.
由于缺乏任何证据，警方只得把他放了。

③That he was always absent from school made the teacher very angry.
他总是旷课，使得老师很生气。

[图形助记]
缺乏运动缺席不存在
surround vt.环绕；围绕
(教材P6)Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.
一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。

(1)surround sb./sth.with...使……包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surround＋反身代词＋with... 喜欢结交(某类人)；
喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境；气氛
dangers.一些欧洲国家现在危机四伏。

②Surrounded (surround)by high mountains，the little village is hard to reach.
由于被高山所环抱，这个小村庄很难到达。

③Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings(surround)．
动物园中的动物没有在它们的自然环境中。

[语境助记]
Onceuponatime,
akingwhowaspoliteto surrounding countrieslivedinacastle surrounded byalargeforestand havingwonderful surroundings.
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国王，他对邻邦十分友好。

rely on依赖；依靠
(教材P6)Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at
school as part of the school curriculum.
所以大部分人还是得靠学校的语言课程来学习外语。

rely on/upon sb.to do sth. 指望某人做某事
rely on/upon sb.doing sth. 相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth. 依靠某人或某物以获得……
rely on/upon it that... 相信……(事情)；指望……
①We have to rely on him to make the design.
我们不得不仰仗着他来进行这项设计。

②As babies，we rely entirely on others for food.
在婴儿期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。

③You may rely on it that I shall help you.
你可以指望我会帮助你的。

make sure确保；确定；务必；查明；弄清楚
(教材P6)What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.
这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。

be sure of/about 对……有把握；确信
be sure to do sth. 务必做某事
for sure 确切地；毫无疑问
sure enough 果然；果真
①Be sure not to touch anything in the lab.
千万别摸实验室里的任何东西。

②He phoned his secretary to make sure of the time and place for the conference.
他打给他的秘书，以确定会议的时间和地点。

③I can't say for sure when he'll be here.
我说不准他什么时候来这儿。

[名师点津]
make sure一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，常用一般现在时表示将来。

ensure vt.确保；保证；保护
(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。

ensure sb.sth. 保证/确保某人(得到)某物
ensure sb.from/against sth. 确保某人免受某物的伤害
ensure that从句＝make sure that从句
①This pill will ensure you a good night's sleep.
这种药一定会确保你晚上睡个好觉。

②We'd better lock the door to ensure us against/from interruption.
我们最好把门锁上免受打搅。

③We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.
我们可以保证把工作做好。

guarantee v．保证；担保；保修n．保证；保证书
(教材P6)Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee
greater prehension when reading in English.
读前能了解主要新闻内容会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解所读新闻。

(1)guarantee sb.sth.(＝ensure sb.sth.)
保证某人得到某物
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that... 确保……
guarantee sth.for some time 对……保修多久
(2)give sb.a guarantee that... 向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
①Is your TV under guarantee?
你的电视在保修期内吗？
②I guarantee to be(be) here tomorrow.Trust me!
我保证明天来这里。

相信我！
③I guarantee that you'll enjoy yourself.
我保证你玩得痛快。

[语境助记]
TheTVis guaranteed forayear.Thatistosay，ithasayear's guarantee，soitisstill under guarantee.
这台电视保修一年。

也就是说，它有一年的保修期，因此它仍在保修期内。

adjust v．调整；调节；适应；习惯
(教材P6)Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to
English in parts you know well.
观看你最喜欢的一X光盘，但要把你熟悉部分的语言调换成英语。

(1)adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应……
adjust to (doing) sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应某物
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节
make an adjustment/adjustments to sth.
对某物进行调整
作为教师，我必须使我的演讲适合于学生的年龄。

②She must learn to adjust herself to English life.
她必须学会适应英国的生活。

③Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the
national soccer reform.
一些学校将不得不根据国家足球改革做出调整。

inform v．通知；告知
(教材P6)Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.
将你的目标告知一个朋友，以使他也能够激励你。

(1)inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb.that... 告知某人……
(2)informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的
keep rmed of sth. 使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事
(3)information n. 信息(不可数)
等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。

②We will keep you informed(inform) of any developments.
有任何动态我们都会随时通知你。

③He informed her that he was thinking of entering medical school.
他告诉她他想进医学院。

(教材P6)There's no point reading the news in English if you've already watched it in your own language.
如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语的这那么新闻就没有意义了。

[要点提炼]There is no point (in) doing sth.“做某事没有意义〞。

There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有道理或意义
There is no question of doing sth. 做某事是没问题的
There is no need to do sth. 做某事没有必要
There is no possibility that... ……是不可能的
There is no doubt that... ……是毫无疑问的
考试作弊是毫无意义的。

②I could see that there was no need to argue(argue) with her.
我明白与她争论是没有必要的。

③There is no doubt that genius lies in diligence.
毫无疑问天才出于勤奋。

(教材P6)It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在18世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言，而这一预言在近几十年中已经得到了证实。

[要点提炼]It was predicted that...“据预测……〞，其中it作形式主语，that 引导的从句作真正的主语。

It＋be predicted that...相当于People predict(ed) that...和Sth./Sb.＋be predicted to do...。

It's said that... 据说……
It's hoped that... 人们希望……
It's reported that... 据报道……
It's thought that... 人们认为……
It's suggested that... 人们建议……
It's believed that... 人们相信……
It's expected that... 预计……
据说，那男孩长大后成了一位著名的科学家。

②It is supposed(suppose) that he may pass the College Entrance Examination.
人们认为他能通过大学入学考试。

③It is believed that we shall make full use of the sun's energy some day.
人们相信，总有一天我们能充分利用太阳能。

(教材P6)This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality．
足够量的语言输入可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。

[要点提炼]句中be of the highest quality是“be＋of＋抽象名词〞结构。

“be of＋抽象名词〞结构，常在句中作表语，这类抽象名词包含两类：
(1)be of＋抽象名词＝be＋抽象名词相对应的形容词。

这类名词有：value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit，beauty，wealth等，它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。

(2)“be of＋抽象名词〞中的抽象名词没有形容词形式，为了说明主语的某些特征，只能用这一种形式。

这类名词有：size，weight，height，color，shape，age，opinion，price，kind，type等。

注意：这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。

①Mr.Smith is of the same opinion.
＝Mr.Smith has the same opinion.
史密斯先生也持同样的观点。

②Each minute is of great importance to us.
＝Each minute is very important to us.
每一分钟对我们都非常重要。

③The two men are almost of a height(high)．
这两个人差不多一般高。

1．(教材P6)In today's world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.
[分析]动名词短语“being able to speak more than one language，including English〞作主语，表示一般情况；表语为how引导的从句，表语从句中包含两个并列的谓语stand out和get ahead。

[翻译]当今世界，要想取得令人瞩目的成就，就要会讲至少两种语言，特别是英语。

2．(教材P6)What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.
[分析]What this means
what引导主语从句
is
系动词
that they make sure
that引导表语从句
there is an adequate amount of input in English
省略that的从句，作make sure的宾语
conveyed to the students through various mediums.
过去分词短语作定语，修饰input
[翻译]这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We plan to finish the adjustment(adjust) of the equipment before Sunday.
2．They have surrounded the building with police.
3．There is no point in getting angry.
4．It is believed that John will help us with some money.
5．The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed(inform) of what to do this week.
6．He fastened an announcement (announce) to the notice board.
7．My father did all the cooking in my mother's absence(absent)．
8．She's the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.
9．She stayed at London for a year, so she can speak English fluently(fluent)．10．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，语法填空)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Mr Mao is a man of great important.important→importance
2．He has been informed what rmed后加of
3．The place is well worth visit.visit前加a或visit→visiting
4．He settled there two years ago，and now he has adjusted the way of life there.
adjusted后加to 5．Surround by a lot of visitors，the boy felt a little shy.
Surround→Surrounded Ⅲ.完成句子
1．再和他争论下去是没有什么意义的。

There is no point (in) arguing with him any more.
2．据报道，昨天四个人越狱逃跑了。

It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.
3．下次会议上将要讨论的这个问题至关重要。

The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance．
4．她身高两米，在人群中很引人注目。

She is two meters in height and stands out in the crowd．
5．他正在谈在商业上获得成功的方法。

He was talking about the way to get ahead in/with business.
名词性从句的用法
语境自主领悟
先观察原句
①It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language...
②...the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English­speaking country are small.
③What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English...
④Experts say that just 15 minutes of extra­curricular study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning.
后自主感悟
1.在主从复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。

名词性从句依据其句法作用，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句如句①③，宾语从句如句④，表语从句如句③，同位语从句如句②。

2.名词性从句用陈述语序。

一、基本概念
1．在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

2．引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
(1)从属连词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)
(2)连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which
(3)连接副词：when，where，how，why
二、基本用法
(一)主语从句
在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。

连接主语从句的引导词有连接词(that，whether，if)、连接代词和连接副词。

1．that引导的主语从句
(1)that置于句首的主语从句
that在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有含义，只起连接从句的作用。

That you are ing to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。

(2)形式主语it替代主语从句
常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有如下几种：
①It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句
常用于这种结构的形容词有：
necessary必要的right正确的
likely可能的unlikely不可能的
wrong错误的important重要的
certain明确的clear清晰的
obvious明显的strange奇怪的
natural自然的
It's certain that he will succeed.
他肯定会成功的。

[名师点津]
在It is necessary/important/strange/natural＋that从句结构中，从句常用“should ＋动词原形〞形式，其中should可省略。

It is necessary and important that you(should)master a foreign language so as to meet the need of a job.
为了工作的需要，你掌握一门外语是很有必要并且是很重要的。

It is strange that you(should)trust Jane.
很奇怪你竟然相信简。

②It＋系动词＋名词(短语)＋that从句
常用于这种句型的名词(短语)有：
a pity遗憾 a shame遗憾，耻辱
good news好消息 a fact事实
an honour荣耀 a wonder奇迹
no wonder难怪duty责任
It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.
你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。

It is our duty that we should help the people in need.
帮助那些处在困境中的人是我们的责任。

③It＋be＋动词的­e d形式＋that从句
常见的动词的­ed形式有：
said据说told有人告诉
heard有人听说reported据报道
hoped有人希望turned out结果
pointed out有人指出decided作出决定
suggested有人建议advised有人建议
ordered根据命令remembered有人记得
thought有人认为considered据认为
well known很著名
It's said that Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
据说屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

[名师点津]
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/decided＋that从句〞的结构中，that从句中的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形〞，should也可省略。

It was decided that they(should)start the project the next month.
他们下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。

It is suggested that you(should)spend more time in studying English.
你应该花更多的时间学习英语。

④It＋特殊动词＋that从句
常见的此类动词有seem，happen，matter，occur等。

It really matters that you haven't turned up.
你没来，这的确很重要。

2．由whether，if引导的主语从句
当主语从句位于句首时，只能用whether，不用if引导主语从句；当it作形式主语，
主语从句放在句末时，用whether或if均可。

Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.
是否举行会议仍然是一个问题。

It is doubtful whether/if he will e here.
他是否来这里是令人怀疑的。

3．特殊疑问词引导的主语从句
What they need is a good text­book.
他们需要的是一本好的教科书。

Whichever he likes will be given to him.
无论他喜欢哪一个都可以给他。

Whatever/What changes we make in our plans will be announced later.
在我们的计划里不管有什么改变，以后都要公布。

[即时演练1] 单句语法填空
①It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
②How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
③Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
(二)宾语从句
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。

宾语从句可分为三类：动词(短语)的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

1．动词(短语)的宾语从句
大多数动词(如hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)后可以接宾语从句。

We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。

[名师点津]
动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，那么需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

2．介词的宾语从句
(1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否应该让学生加入我们的俱乐部。

We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.
我们能从我们住的地方清楚地看到寺庙。

(2)that引导的从句作介词宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。

Your position is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.
除了结构有点松散以外，你的作文相当不错。

He differed from his colleagues in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
他和他的同事们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。

3．形容词的宾语从句
类似于sure，certain，glad，sorry，amazed，surprised，proud，pleased，shocked，disappointed等表心理状态的形容词后，可以跟that从句或wh­从句作宾语。

I'm sure/certain that he'll succeed.
我确信他会成功。

She was not aware how dangerous it was.
她没意识到当时有多危险。

4．须知
(1)宾语从句的语序和时态。

宾语从句一律要用陈述语序。

假设主句是祈使句或主句用的是一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据需要选用合适的时态；假设主句用的是过去的某种时态，从句一般用过去的某种时态；假设从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句通常用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
老师告诉我们汤姆离开我们去美国了。

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
老师说太阳东升西落。

(2)否定转移：当think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词的主语是第一人称，谓语为没有副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定实际上是对宾语从句的否定。

变反意疑问句时简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。

I don't think he can remember the 100 words within two hours，can he?
我想他不能在两小时内记住这100个单词，是吗？
(3)引导词that不能省略的情况：
①当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，引导词that通常不省略。

②当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，第二个及第二个以后的that不可以省略。

I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.
我相信你已经尽力了，而且一切都会好起来的。

(4)用whether而不用if引导宾语从句的情况：
①与or not连用时
I want to know whether it's good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。

②从句位于介词之后时
I worry about whether he can survive the crisis of his illness.
他生病了，我担心他能否度过危险期。

[即时演练2] 单句改错
①They want to make it clear to the public which they do an important job.which →that
②It depends on if it's going to rain.if→whether
③Pick yourself up. Courage is doing how you're afraid to do.how→what
④I insisted that we went on a piic this weekend.went→go
⑤He ordered that the injured were taken good care of.were→be
(三)表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。

能引导宾语从句的连接词(if除外)皆可引导表语从句。

1．引导表语从句的连接词主要有以下几类
(1)连接词that/whether
that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否〞的意义。

Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.
我们的计划是我们一周去一次那里。

The question is whether they will support the plan.
问题是他们是否会支持这个计划。

(2)连接代词
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等。

The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替代她。

Tom is no longer what he used to be.
汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。

(3)连接副词
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等。

That was where we camped last time.
那就是我们上次野营的地方。

This is why Sara was late for class.
这就是Sara上课迟到的原因。

(4)其他连接词
另外，because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。

He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late.
他没吃早饭，因为他起晚了。

2．须知
(1)reason作主语时的表语从句
主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。

The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.
这么严重的一起事故完全是司机太粗心、喝酒太多造成的。

(2)如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形〞的形式。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建议是我们应保持冷静。

(3)其他系动词＋表语从句
除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词有：seem，look，appear，sound，taste，feel，
remain等。

It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来要下雨了。

It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.
听起来你好像来自美国南部。

[即时演练3] 单句改错
①If he attends the club is unknown to us.If→Whether
②My question is if you are in favour of us.if→whether
③The fact is you've lost a good chance.is后加that
④I got up late.That's because I was late for school.because→why
(四)同位语从句
用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。

它一般跟在某些名词(如fact，idea，news，promise，information，message等)的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。

1．同位语从句的连接词
引导同位语从句的词有从属连词that(没有词义，不作成分，不能省略)，连接副词how，when，where等。

We must remember the fact that goats usually live in mountainous country.
我们得记住山羊通常生活在山区这一事实。

They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.
他们通常要为如何演奏音乐而写出精确的说明。

2．须知
(1)分隔式同位语从句：被与所解释说明的名词分隔开的同位语从句叫分隔式同位语从句。

A saying goes that practice makes perfect.
常言道，熟能生巧。

(2)表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion，order，demand，mand，request，advice等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)do〞。

Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the puter.
老师给了我们一些使用电脑的建议。

(3)名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时那么用that引导。

We have some doubt whether they can plete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.
毫无疑问，X卫会信守承诺的。

(4)同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句起解释说明作用，而定语从句起修饰限制作用。

在限制性定语从句中关系代词that充当主语或宾语，有实际意义，作宾语时，可省略。

同位语从句中that是连词，不充当句子成分，没有任何实际意义，一般不可省略。

The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.
我们足球队获胜的消息是鼓舞人心的。

(同位语从句)
The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.
我们在收音机上听到的新闻不是真的。

(定语从句)
[即时演练4] 单句改错
①The news he has adjusted himself to the life there makes his parents glad.
news后加that
②I have no idea if he will e or not.if→whether
③My suggestion is that we must inform his parents of this.去掉must
④—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea that he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.
第二个that→why
三、注意的问题
1．what和that在名词性从句中的区别
(1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s)that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定；
(2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，引导主语从句时，常用it 作形式主语，谓语动词用单数，引导宾语从句时，有时可省略。

2．whether和if在名词性从句中的区别
以下情况只用whether不用if：(1)引导主语从句且置于句首时；(2)引导表语从句时；
(3)引导同位语从句时；(4)引导宾语从句且前置时；(5)作动词discuss和介词的宾语时；(6)其后紧跟or not时；(7)后接动词不定式时；(8)用if引导会引起歧义时。

My problem right now is whether I should have someone else take the place of me.。