生物医学工程电子仪器04Respiratory

Design Ideas (value 1-5)
Airflow
Temperature of air
Water vapor
Select the best idea
Engineering Technology
Perform the construction or solution of the project
Engineering Technology
Dalton’s Law
Engineering Technology
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 mmHg. Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
Mechanics of Breathing
Muscles involved Diaphragm Intercostal Muscles
Engineering Technology
Respiratory System Measurements
Engineering Technology
Engineering Design Process
Engineering Technology
Describe the Project Requirements
Engineering Technology
Plan the project’s activities, with time schedules
Engineering Technology
Conduct research – get ideas (Brainstorm)
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6
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5
10
Engineering Technology
Conduct research – get ideas (Brainstorm)
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6
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10
Engineering Technology
Engineering Technology
Platinum Wire Flow Detector
Detects temperature change of the air as breathing occurs
Engineering Technology
Flow Rate Transducer
Develop the best ideas for alternative solutions (Backup Plans)
Which of the initial ideas are feasible? 1
2
3
4
Engineering Technology
Analyze the best ideas (Design Matrix)
Engineering Technology
Gas Laws
The key to understanding of respiratory function lies in the laws of gasses.
Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Dalton’s Law Henry’s Law
Engineering Technology
Boyle’s Law
Engineering Technology
A mass of oxygen gas occupies 6 L under a pressure of 720 mmHg. Calculate the volume of the same mass of gas at a pressure of 760 mmHg.
Engineering Technology
Henry’s Law
Henry’s law states that if the temperature is held constant, the quantity of a gas will go into solution proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.
Engineering Technology
Respiratory System
Engineering Technology
Nose Nasal cavities
and sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi
Bronchioles Alveoli
Lung capillaries
Engineering Technology
Oxygen has a partial pressure of 120 mmHg and carbon dioxide, 40 mmHg, above a liquid with no initial dissolved gases. Which gas will have more mass in solution?
Engineering Technology
Check the solution
Test and evaluate the solution Compare against the design criteria Make modifications
Engineering Technology
Impedance Pneumograph
Engineering Technology
Organduction Division Thick wall blood vessels Nasal cavities Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles
Respiratory Division Thin wall blood vessels Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Atria (space from which alveolar sacs arise) Alveolar sacs
1. Establish a systems engineering operation 2. Describe the project requirements 3. Plan the project’s activities, with time schedules 4. Conduct research – get ideas 5. Develop the best ideas for alternative solutions 6. Analyze the best ideas 7. Select the best idea 8. Perform the construction or solution of the project 9. Check the solution
Engineering Technology
Internal (cellular) respiration
Respiration is the interchange of gases between an organism and the medium in which it lives. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the bloodstream and nearby cells.
Engineering Technology
Establish the Engineering Operation (What is the problem?) PROBLEM: How can we know that a patient in the hospital is breathing?
Detects changes in impedance across the chest as breathing occurs
Engineering Technology
Thermistor Airway Detector
Detects temperature change of the air as breathing occurs
Measures flow rate of the air as breathing occurs
Engineering Technology
Engineering Technology
Engineering Technology
Oxygen Dissociation Curve
Engineering Technology
External (Lung) Respiration
External respiration is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream. Inspiration – Intake of air (79% N, 20.96% O2, 0.04% CO2) Expiration – Exhaust of waste gases (79% N, 17% O2, 4% CO2) Involves physical processes (mechanics of breathing) and chemical processes (reaction of gases with liquids, or exchange of gases)
Criteria (weight value 1 – 5)
Movement of chest/belly
Portable
Battery power
Inexpensive
Easy to clean
Durable
Reusable
Noninvasive
Fast measure
Total
Engineering Technology
Respiratory System
Prof. Scott Segalewitz
segalewitz@
Department of Engineering Technology
The Human Respiratory System
Provides a means of acquiring oxygen (O2) and eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2)
Engineering Technology
Charles’ Law
Engineering Technology
Oxygen gas occupies 220 mL at 110 °C. Calculate its volume at 0 °C. The pressure remains constant.