2020年山东省临沂二模并枣庄三模英语试卷与详细解析

2020年山东省临沂二模并枣庄三模英语试卷与详细解析
一、完形填空
When I was living alone in Santa Rosa, California, and running a business division for Intuit, my two cats Wiley and Wilbur were my family. We took care of one another, entertained one another, 1 annoyed one another, and 2 one another after all. Then, at only ten years old, Wilbur 3 cancer.
Letting go of Wilbur was painful, and I was when the time came to say 4 .Wiley, my other cat, was 5 too. He and Wilbur were best friends. He had always been happy and well-adjusted, 6 he seemed lost after Wilbur’s passing. Wiley and I grieved and healed together.
When people adopt a homeless pet, it’s clear that they are saving the animal from homelessness,7 animal companionship to their lives. They’re obv iously 8 a far better life for the animal. Time after time, people who adopt homeless pets find their own lives being 9 too.
Thai’s just one of the10 of adopting a shelter dog. And that’s11 I created Mutual Rescue, an animal-welfare initiative aimed at highlighting this special bond 12 more homeless animals’ lives can be
13 . I also wrote a book about the 14 animals have on our lives: Adopting a Homeless Animal Can Save You, Too. This book includes some of the beautiful, life-changing stories I’ve 15 .
1．A．always B．occasionally C．permanently D．usually
2．A．hated B．complained C．adored D．disgusted
3．A．suffered from B．escaped from C．recovered from D．got from
4．A．hello B．regret C．sorry D．goodbye
5．A．warmhearted B．thrilled C．scared D．heartbroken
6．A．so B．or C．hut D．thus
7．A．adding B．applying C．adapting D．adjusting
8．A．equipping B．providing C．contributing D．donating
9．A．disturbed B．disordered C．saved D．challenged
10．A．troubles B．benefits C．faults D．missions
11．A．when B．how C．why D．where
12．A．so that B．in case C．in that D．for fear that 13．A．exchanged B．transformed C．interrupted D．transferred 14．A．disadvantage B．mercy C．inspiration D．impact
15．A．encountered B．designed C．invented D．facilitated
二、阅读选择
For generations, young people all over the world have taken an interest in social justice and found the courage to fight for their own rights and the rights of others. Here are four inspiring middle grade books that prove you’re never too young to stand up for what you believe in and make a difference.
This series follows 11-year-old Parvana, who lives under Taliban rule in Afghanistan. When her father is arrested and her family is left without someone who can work or even shop for food, Parvana, forbidden to earn money as a girl, disguises herself as a boy to help her family survive. The Breadwinner is an empowering tale with a sharp and brave heroine.
Stella lives in the separated south in 1932. Out, late one night, wandering around, Stella and her brother witness a Klu Klux Klan activity, starting an unwelcome chain of events in her otherwise sleepy town. With a compelling and courageous voice, Stella tells the story of how she and her community ban together against racism and injustice.
When Julian is sent to stay with his disinterested aunt and uncle for four months, he discovers that his Uncle’s corporation plans to cut down a group of redwood trees at Big Tree Grove and decides to take a stand to save the trees. Perfect for the young environmentalists in your life, Operation Redwood is an adventurous tale as Julian and his friends hatch scheme after scheme to save these giants of nature.
For more mature readers, this unforgettable autobiography tells the true story of Nujood Ali, a ten-year-old Yemeni girl married off at a young age, who decides to resist her abusive husband and get a divorce. A moving tale of tragedy, triumph, and courage, Nujood’s brave resistance has inspired generations of women and young girls. 16．What is the purpose of the four books?
A．To call for people to find the courage.
B．To show the definition of social justice.
C．To inspire young people to make a difference.
D．To prove young people can fight for the rights.
17．Who might be interested in the book Operation Redwood?
A．An adult who shows interest in human nature.
B．A college student who majors in human rights.
C．A middle school student who is interested in science.
D．A high school student who wants to protect the environment.
18．Which book is adapted from a real story?
A．I Am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced. B．Stella by Starlight.
C．The Breadwinner Trilogy. D．Operation Redwood.
Middle school is challenging for so many reasons — academics become more difficult, schedules fill up with activities, and, in what might be the most challenging region for kids and parents alike, friendships change. Friendships change over time, not just because our children evolve, but because the very nature of friendship evolves with them. The best parents should learn to let go so that their children can succeed in their tween friendships.
Early in childhood, our children’s friendships arise out of closeness and habit. We throw our kids into the sandbox with our friends’ kids, and this arrangement works for everyone. As kids get older, however, they begin to build emotional connections with friends based on similarity. Their shared interests, dreams, and goals begin to edge out mere convenience. When they become tweens, friendships become much more complex, and for good reason. Tweens use friendships as a way to try on an identity. They begin to build friendships based on new priorities.
All too often, the shifting sands of tween friendship result in broken hearts. Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed as friends move back and forth between comfortable old relationships and exciting new ones. As any parent knows, our own personal heartache hurts, but the secondhand heartbreak we experience through our children is much more painful, mainly because it’s out of our control. The urge to meddle, to save and heal, is powerful, and while meddling around in tween social contact may make us feel better, we must stay out of it.
Tweens move from relationship to relationship, adopting this detail of a friend’s personality,abandoning that characteristic of another, until they have collected the essential elements of their identity. Some relationships will survive this process, and some will not, but everyone is an important phase of the journey. We may not love every outfit our tweens try on, but it’s our job to be there when they emerge fr om the dressing room, when they do a little twirl and wait for us to tell them how grown up they have become.
19．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．Friendship become complex in every period of time.
B．Reasons for friendship building vary in different phases.
C．Tweens begin to build friendships based on the new priorities.
D．Important elements of friendship are needed in children’s life.
20．What does the underlined words in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Friendships are out of control.
B．Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed.
C．Friends move to exciting new relationships.
D．Friendships change from one to another among tweens.
21．What should parents do when tweens feel painful about their social contact?
A．They should blame them. B．They should help to bring their children under control. C．They should be there and support them. D．They should meddle around in tween social contact. 22．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Change of relationships among tweens B．Parenting in friendships among tweens
C．How to build friendships among tweens D．The nature of friendships among tweens
By now it’s almost common knowledge that spending time in nature is good for you. Areas with more trees tend to be less polluted, so spending time there allows you to breathe easier. Spending time outdoors has been linked with reduced blood pressure and stress, and seems to motivate people to exercise more. So it’ll come as no surprise that there's research showing that spending time in nature is good, which has been known for thousands of years. There’s dozens of papers showing that.
University of Exeter Medical School researcher Mathew P. White said “We get this idea, patients are coming to us and they’re saying, ‘doctor, how long should I spend?’and the doctor is saying, I don’t really know.” So White and his team decided to find out by using data collected from nearly 20,000 people in England through the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey. And their answer? Two hours a week. People who spent at least that much time-either all at once or totaled over several shorter visits-were more likely to report good health and psychological well-being than those with no nature exposure. Remarkably, the researchers found that less than two hours offered no significant benefits.
So what’s so special about two hours? “ I have absolutely no idea. Really. We didn’t have an apriori（由因及果的）guess at what this would be. It emerged. And I’d be lying if I said we predicted this. I don’t know.” Even more noteworthy, the two-hour benchmark（基准）applied to men and women, to older and younger folks, to people from different ethnic backgrounds, occupational groups, socioeconomic levels and so on. Even people with long-term illnesses or disabilities benefited from time spent in nature—as long as it was at least 120 minutes per week.
While the findings are based on a tremendous number of people, nobody knows why or how nature has this benefit. “I want to be really clear about this. This is very early stages. We’re not saying everybody has to do 120. What research do we need to take this to the next step before doctors can have the true confidence to work with their patients? But it’ s certainly a starting point,” White said.
23．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The benefits of spending time in nature.
B．The research of spending time in nature.
C．The characteristics of spending time in nature.
D．The common knowledge of spending time in nature.
24．What can we infer about the result of White and his team’s survey?
A．The time spent in nature should be 2 hours a week all at once.
B．2 hours a week at least in nature is beneficial to whomever you are.
C．The time spent in nature should be 2 hours a week, no more, no less.
D．2 hours a week in nature is too long for people with long-term illnesses.
25．What does White expect of the findings?
A．They will be in early stage.
B．They will be based on many people.
C．They will help all people go out in nature.
D．They will be improved and further research will be done.
26．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary B．A guidebook
C．A magazine D．A novel
As for child vaccinations, parents usually get paperwork lost, or forget whether their child is up to date. Now a group of MIT researchers has developed a new way to address this problem: inserting the record directly into the skin. Along with the vaccine, a child would be injected with a bit of dye that is invisible to the naked eye but easily seen with an app that shines special light onto the skin. The dye would be expected to last up to five years.
The system would provide quick and easy access to vaccination history, and add little to the cost or risk of the procedure. “In developing countries where medical records may not be as complete or as accessible, there can be value in having medical information d irectly associated with a person,” says Ana Jaklenec, lead author of the study.
Delivering the dye required the researchers to find something that was safe and would last long enough to be useful. “That’s really the biggest challenge we overcame in the project,” says Jaklenec, adding that the team tested a number of dyes hut could not find any that lasted when exposed to sunlight. The team ended up using a technology called quantum dots, which were originally developed to label cells during research. The dye has been shown to be safe in humans.
“When people were still getting vaccinated against smallpox, they got a visible scar on their arm that made it easy to identify who had been vaccinated and who had not. But obviously, we didn't want to give people a s car.” Jaklenec says, noting that her team was looking for something that couldn’t be seen. The researchers also wanted to avoid technologies that would raise even more privacy concerns, such as databases with names and identifiable data.
The researchers hope to add more detailed information to the dots, such as the date of vaccination. Along with them, the team eventually wants to inject sensors that could also potentially be used to track aspects of health such as insulin levels in diabetics.
27．What can we learn from the first 2 paragraphs?
A．A new system has been developed to track the history of vaccination.
B．The cost of updating vaccination history is high.
C．The dye injected into children can be seen with naked eyes easily.
D．Carrying around one’s med ical record is convenient.
28．What was the biggest challenge for the researchers?
A．Labeling cells. B．Delivering a number of dyes.
C．Finding the safe and long-lasting material. D．Inventing a technology called quantum clots.
29．It can be learned from the text that the researchers________________.
A．are trying to find a vaccination against diabetics.
B．have injected sensors to track aspects of health.
C．are sure to leave no scars on those who are vaccinated.
D．hope to add more detailed information to the quantum dots while maintaining privacy.
30．How does the author feel about the project?
A．Disappointed B．Enthusiastic
C．Indifferent D．Uncertain
三、七选五
There are now six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia.31．The smoke is so intense and so thick it can be seen from space. 2,000 homes have been destroyed. Six million hectares of land charred, leading to death of the nation’s wildlife.
32．They are lightning strikes, winds and people who set fire deliberately. But one of the biggest reasons they’ve become so extreme, is the same reason as East Africa’s flood. Bushfires in Australia are a natural part of the country’s ecosystem.33．Even New South Wales, with the largest population, is used to breaking out. In 1974, fires burned 3.5 million hectares, and in 2003, another 2 million hectares were lost to fire. But the fires that started in 2019 are even worse:4.9 million hectares in New South Wales have burned already—and it’s only going to grow.
34．For starters, as the world is getting warmer from climate change, so is Australia. 2019 was its hottest year on record, with parts of the country reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was also its driest—the places here in gray have seen historic droughts.35．Throughout the year, other large-scale climate drivers affect Australia’s weather, and its likeliness to burn. One of the most influential is the Indian Ocean Dipole(偶极子), or the IOD．The IOD is a big temperature gradient that affects the surface water in the Indian Ocean, from the edge of Africa to the edge of Australia.
A．This is just heartbreaking.
B．So why is this fire season so awful?
C．Their “fire season” varies across regions.
D．The fire season is awful because of the unknown reason.
E.The ecosystem of the country needs to be improved.
F.These record-breaking bushfires in Australia have been started by the following.
G.Together, that provides the perfect conditions for bushfires to start and spread quickly.
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

We recognize our friends’ faces. And we ar e not alone. Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial36．(feature), because they need to adjust their behavior37．(depend) on who they meet. And a research has shown that some domesticated (驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces in photographs.
Researchers first38．(teach) horses to “choose” between two side-by-side images on a computer screen. Then
the horses that were shown photos of their keeper alongside faces of39．(familiar) humans ignored the strangers’ faces, identifying40．(correct) their keeper about 75% of the time. What’s more, the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper. And they41．(be) at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper42．they were at identifying their current one.
In addition, horses seem to have43．strong long-term memory for human faces, consistent with their long lifespan and history of domestication. In future experiments, the researchers may test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses44．(act) anxiously. So maybe think twice before doing anything45．might give a horse a long face.
五、提纲类作文
46．假定你是李华，你校将举办“美在校园”（The Beauty at Campus）摄影大赛。

请给你的朋友新西兰留学生Lucy写封邮件，邀请她参赛。

内容包括：
1. 比赛的目的；
2. 作品要求和截止日期；
3. 投稿地址：***********************。

注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

续写的词数应为150左右。

Taking her child to school was a suffering Tracey Lewis was worried about. Walking left her breathless, but taking the car meant putting heormous body into the driver’s seat and fastening the seat belt.
“I hated my body,” she admits. “Anything other than sitting and watching TV was a struggle.”
When I went out I had to carry talcum powder with me to rub between my thighs(大腿)to stop them chaffing(擦伤).The only clothes that fitted were huge numbers that only drew attention to my size. I looked awful.”
When Tracey married her husband, Andy, 41, in 1988 she was a slim size 12. But then the weight piled on. She recalls: “We got into the habit of eating out. Neither of us enjoyed cooking.” At first, we ate in restaurants, but more and more we ended up staying in with a bottle of wine and a takeaway.
“I’d always been slim, so when my clothes began to feel tight it didn’t bother me. I thought I’d be able to lose any extra pounds easily enough.”
Then, in 1990, Tracey fell pregnant. She shot up from a size 14 to a size 18. “Being pregnant was an excuse to st uff myself,” Tracey admits.“I didn’t just eat for two, I ate for three or four-maybe more.”
Happy at home with her new baby, Tracey’s weight soon was out of control. Her doctor told her to lose a few
pounds instead of comforting herself with food, but afte r 11 months she hadn’t shifted an ounce.
Soon she weighed 220 pounds and was a size 22. She had to wear cycling shorts under her dresses to stop her legs from developing sores. “By that time I was so self-conscious I avoided going out altogether,” says Tra cey. “Andy plays football. I was often invited to drinks and meals, but didn’t want his friends to meet me. I’d hide upstairs at home and cry.” She felt horrified.
Paragraph 1: The following two years Tracey tried to slim.
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The weight loss has changed Tracey’s life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________
参考答案
1．B 2．C 3．A
4．D
5．D
6．C
7．A
8．B
9．C
10．B
11．C
12．A
13．B
14．D
15．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。

文章主要说明了作者由和自己的宠物相处得出：当人们收养一只无家可归的宠物时，很明显他们在拯救无家可归的动物，同时他们的生活中也增加了动物的陪伴。

这是一个相互拯救的过程。

1．
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：我们互相照顾，互相娱乐，偶尔也会惹恼对方，但终究还是彼此爱慕。

A. always总是；B. occasionally偶尔；C. permanently永久地；D. usually总是。

根据上下文可知，此处作者描述的是与两只猫日常相处的场景，故应是“偶尔”会惹恼对方。

故选B。

2．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我们互相照顾，互相娱乐，偶尔也会惹恼对方，但终究还是彼此爱慕。

A. hated憎恨；B. complained抱怨；C. adored爱慕；D. disgusted厌恶的。

分析上下文可知，作者与两只猫的感情非常好，故应是虽然会有小摩擦，但终究还是彼此喜欢的。

故选C。

3．
考查动词短语词义辨析。

句意：后来，只有十岁的威尔伯患了癌症。

A. suffered from遭受；B. escaped from逃脱；C. recovered from从……恢复；D. got from从……得到。

分析下文可知，其中一只猫威尔伯得了癌症。

故选A。

4．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：而到了说再见的时候，我也很痛苦。

A. hello你好；B. regret遗憾；C. sorry对不起；D. goodbye 再见。

根据下文的he seemed lost after Wilbur’s passing.可知，威尔伯去世了，故应是道别时，作者很痛苦。

故选D。

5．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：威利，我的另一只猫，也很伤心。

A. warmhearted暖心的；B. thrilled激动的；C. scared
害怕的；D. heartbroken心碎的。

根据下文的Wiley and I grieved and healed together.可知，另外一只猫对于威尔伯的去世也很伤心。

故选D。

6．
考查连词词义辨析。

句意：但是在威尔伯死后，它似乎有点不知所措了。

A. so因此；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. thus 因此。

根据上文的He and Wilbur were best friends. He had always been happy and well-adjusted. 可知，虽然威利的适应能力很强，但对于威尔伯的去世也很不知所措。

故选C。

7．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：当人们收养一只无家可归的宠物时，很明显他们在拯救无家可归的动物的同时，他们的生活中也增加了动物的陪伴。

A. adding增加；B. applying申请，应用；C. adapting适应；D. adjusting调整。

分析上下文可知，在人们收养宠物的同时，宠物也给予了他们陪伴。

故选A。

8．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他们显然在为动物提供更好的生活。

A. equipping装备；B. providing提供；C. contributing 贡献；D. donating捐赠。

根据上文的When people adopt a homeless pet, it’s clear that they are saving the animal from homelessness.可知，人们收养宠物很显然会为宠物提供更好的生活。

故选B。

9．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：一次又一次，收养无家可归的宠物的人发现他们自己的生命也被拯救了。

A. disturbed打扰；
B. disordered扰乱；
C. saved拯救；
D. challenged挑战。

分析上下文可知，人们在照顾宠物的同时，宠物也给予了他们主人陪伴，故他们也是相互拯救的关系。

故选C。

10．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这只是领养流浪狗的好处之一。

A. troubles麻烦；B. benefits好处；C. faults错误；D. missions 使命。

通过上文可知，领养流浪动物有很多好处。

故选B。

11．
考查连词词义辨析。

句意：这就是为什么我创建了“互助救助”。

A. when当……时候；B. how怎样；C. why为什么；
D. where哪里。

This is why…为固定句型，意为“…...的原因”。

通过上文可知，领养流浪动物有很多好处，这也是作者创建“互助救助”的原因。

故选C。

考查介词短语词义辨析。

句意：这是一项动物福利计划，旨在突出这种特殊的纽带，让更多无家可归的动物的生活得以改变。

A. so that因此；B. in case万一； C. in that因为，既然；D. for fear that以防万一。

分析上下文可知，作者创建“互助救助”这项动物福利计划的目的是让更多无家可归的动物的生活得以改变。

故选A。

13．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这是一项动物福利计划，旨在突出这种特殊的纽带，让更多无家可归的动物的生活得以改变。

A. exchanged交换；B. transformed改变；C. interrupted打断；D. transferred转让，转移。

通过上文的When people adopt a homeless pet, it’s clear that they are saving the animal from homelessness, ____7____ animal companionship to their lives. They’re obviously ____8____ a far better life for the animal.可知，被收养的流浪动物的生活都变的更好了。

故选B。

14．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我还写了一本关于动物对我们生活的影响的书：收养无家可归的动物也能拯救你。

A. disadvantage缺点；B. mercy仁慈；C. inspiration灵感；D. impact影响。

根据下文的Adopting a Homeless Animal Can Save You, Too.可知，作者书的内容是关于动物对人们生活的影响。

故选D。

15．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这本书收录了我所遇到的一些美丽的、改变人生的故事。

A. encountered遇到；B. designed 设计；C. invented发明，创造；D. facilitated促进，帮助。

通过上文的This book includes some of the beautiful, life-changing stories可知，书中记录的是作者遇到的一些事情。

故选A。

16．C
17．D
18．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。

文章介绍了，四本鼓舞人心的中级读物，它们证明你永远都不会太年轻去坚持自己的信念并做出改变。

16．
细节理解题。

由第一段中的“Here are four inspiring middle grade books that prove you’re never too young to stand up for what you believe in and make a difference.”（以下是四本鼓舞人心的中级读物，它们证明你永远都不会太年轻去坚持自己的信念并做出改变。

）可知，四本书的目的是为了激励年轻人有所作为。

故选C项。

17．
细节理解题。

由第四段中的“Perfect for the young environmentalists in your life, Operation Redwood is an adventurous tale as Julian and his friends hatch scheme after scheme to save these giants of nature.”（非常适合年轻的环保人士，红木行动是一个冒险的故事，因为朱利安和他的朋友们策划了一个又一个拯救这些大自然巨人的计划。

）可知，一个想保护环境的高中生会对这本书感兴趣。

故选D项。

18．
细节理解题。

由最后一段中的“For more mature readers, this unforgettable autobiography tells the true story of Nujood Ali, a ten-year-old Yemeni girl married off at a young age, who decides to resist her abusive husband and get a divorce.”（这本难忘的自传讲述了Nujood Ali的真实故事，一个十岁的也门女孩在很小的时候就结婚了，她决定反抗虐待她的丈夫并离婚。

）可知，I Am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced这本书是自传，是根据真实故事改编的。

故选A项。

19．B
20．D
21．C
22．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

中学之所以充满挑战，原因有很多——学业变得更加困难，日程安排被各种活动填满，而且，在对孩子和父母来说可能是最具挑战性的地区，友谊会发生变化。

文章分析了孩子不同年龄建立友谊的原因，指出青少年时期友谊是变化的，容易导致痛苦，建议家长在孩子面对社交痛苦时，支持孩子。

主旨大意题。

根据第二段中的Early in childhood, our children’s friendships arise out of closeness and habit.及As kids get older, however, they begin to build emotional connections with friends based on similarity.和When they become tweens, friendships become much more complex, and for good reason.可知，在童年早期，我们的孩子的友谊产生于亲密和习惯。

然而，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始基于相似点与朋友建立情感联系。

当他们变成青少年时，友谊变得复杂得多，而且有很好的理由。

由此可知，第二段从童年早期一直到青少年时期分别分析了建议友谊的原因，故第二段主要介绍的是“建立友谊的原因在不同的阶段是有所不同的”。

故选B。

20．
词句猜测题。

根据后文Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed as friends move back and forth between comfortable old relationships and exciting new ones.可知，当朋友们在舒适的旧关系和令人兴奋的新关系之间来回穿梭时，青少年会感到被抛弃和背叛。

由此可知，在太多的情况下，青少年之间的友谊是互相改变的，划线部分意思是“友谊在青少年之间是互相改变的”。

故选D。

21．
推理判断题。

根据最后一段中We may not love every outfit our tweens try on, but it’s ou r job to be there when they emerge from the dressing room, when they do a little twirl and wait for us to tell them how grown up they have become.可知，我们可能不会喜欢我们的孩子们试穿的每一件衣服，但是当他们从试衣间出来的时候，当他们旋转的时候，等着我们告诉他们，他们已经长大了，这是我们的职责。

由此推知，当青少年对社交感到痛苦时，父母应该在那里支持他们。

故选C。

22．
主旨大意题。

根据第一段中Middle school is challenging for so many reasons—academics become more difficult, schedules fill up with activities, and, in what might be the most challenging region for kids and parents alike, friendships change.可知，中学之所以充满挑战，原因有很多——学业变得更加困难，日程安排被各种活动填满，而且，在对孩子和父母来说可能是最具挑战性的地区，友谊会发生变化。

结合文章还分析了孩子不同年龄建立友谊的原因，指出青少年时期友谊是变化的，容易导致痛苦，建议家长在孩子面对社交痛苦时，支持孩子。

由此可知，B选项“在青少年之间的友谊中做父母”最符合文章标题，故选B。

23．A
24．B
25．D
26．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。

到大自然中去对人们是有益的。

研究者们通过调查发现，每周至少有两小时的时间到大自然中去会让任何人受益。

至于为什么大自然对人们有这样的好处，还有待进一步研究。

23．
主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段中“By now it’s almost common knowledge that spending time in nature is good for you.”人人都知道花时间在大自然中对我们有好处。

下文提到到树木繁茂的地方会让你呼吸更顺畅，室外活动可以降低血压、减少压力，更能激起人们运动的欲望。

因此该段主要是关于花时间在大自然中对人们的好处。

故选A项。

24．
推理判断题。

根据第三段中“Even more noteworthy, the two-hour benchmark（基准）applied to men and women, to older and younger folks, to people from different ethnic backgrounds, occupational groups, socioeconomic levels and so on. Even people with long-term illnesses or disabilities benefited from time spent in nature—as long as it was at least 120 minutes per week.（更值得注意的是，两个小时的基准应用于男性和女性、老年人和年轻人、来自不同种族背景、职业群体、社会经济水平的人等等。

即使是患有长期疾病或残疾的人，只要每周至少有120分钟的时间与大自然相处，也会受益。

）”可以推断，White和他的团队的调查结果是每周至少花两个小时到大自然中去，对任何人都会有好处。

故选B项。

25．
细节理解题。

第四段中人们提到“nobody knows why or how nature has this benefit”；根据文章第四段中White所说的话“‘I want to be really clear about this. This is very early stages. …What research do we need to take this to the next step…? But it’ s certainly a starting point, ’ (我想要把这件事弄清楚。

研究还处于非常早期的阶段。

如果想将研究进行到下一步，我们还需要做什么研究？……这肯定只是个开始。

) ”可知，White期望能做进一步的研究，将他的发现进一步完善。

故选D项。

26．
推理判断题。

通读全文，文章介绍了关于人们在大自然中呆多长时间就可以对他们有益以及为什么大自然会对人们有益的调查研究的情况，内容是关于调查研究的，因此文章最有可能是出自于一本杂志。

故选C项。

27．A
28．C
29．D
30．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了一种新系统，可以提供快速和容易的疫苗接种历史，几乎不增加程序的成本或风险。

文章主要介绍了这种新技术的工作原理和面临的挑战。

27．
细节理解题。

根据第二段中The system would provide quick and easy access to vaccination history, and add little to the cost or risk of the procedure.可知，该系统将提供快速和容易的疫苗接种历史，并且几乎不增加程序的成本或风险。

由此可知，已经开发了一种可以跟踪疫苗接种历史的新系统。

故选A。

28．
细节理解题。

根据第三段中Delivering the dye required the researchers to find something that was safe and would last long enough to be useful. “That’s really the biggest challenge we overcame in the project,” says Jaklenec, adding that the team te sted a number of dyes hut could not find any that lasted when exposed to sunlight.可知，提供这种染料需要研究人员找到一种安全且持续时间足够长的材料。

“这确实是我们在项目中克服的最大挑战，”Jaklenec说，并补充说，团队测试了许多染料，但没有发现任何一种在阳光下可以持续的。

由此可知，研究人员面临的最大挑战是寻找安全和持久的材料。

故选C。

29．
细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中The researchers also wanted to avoid technologies that would raise even more privacy concerns, such as databases with names and identifiable data.可知，研究人员还希望避免使用那些会引起更多隐私问题的技术，比如带有姓名和可识别数据的数据库。

以及最后一段中The researchers hope to add more detailed information to the dots, such as the date of vaccination.可知，研究人员希望为量子点添加更详细的信息，比如接种疫苗的日期。

由此可知，研究人员希望在维护隐私的前提下，为量子点增加更多详细信息。

故选D。

30．
推理判断题。

根据最后一段中Along with them, the team eventually wants to inject sensors that could also potentially be used to track aspects of health such as insulin levels in diabetics.可知，与此同时，该团队最终希望注入传感器，这些传感器也有可能用于追踪健康状况，比如糖尿病患者的胰岛素水平。

作者在介绍了这个可以追踪疫苗历史的新系统后，提出这项技术也能应用于追踪健康状况，由此可推知，作者认可这个项目，对这个项目充满热情。

故选B。

31．A
32．F
33．C
34．B
35．G
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。

2000座房屋被毁。

600万公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物死亡。

文章分析了造成澳大利亚这些破纪录的森林大火的原因，以及此次火灾尤其严重的原因。

31．
根据上文There are now six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia.可知目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。

以及后文The smoke is so intense and so thick it can be seen from space. 2,000 homes have been destroyed. Six million hectares of land charred, leading to death of the nation’s wildlife.可知烟雾如此强烈，如此浓厚，从太空都能看到。

2000座房屋被毁。

600万公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物死亡。

由此可知，本句应当是对这次火灾的评价，这次澳大利亚火灾破坏严重，令人心碎。

故A选项“这真是令人心碎”符合上下文语境，故选A。