金老师教育培训人教版高中英语必修3 专题2.3 Unit 2 Healthy eating Gram

Unit 2 Healthy eating
Grammar：情态动词(2)
一、特殊情态动词need和dare的用法
1. 用作情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句。

☛You needn’t telephone him now. 你不必现在就给他打电话。

☛She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自出门。

2. 用作实义动词，可用于各种时态。

☛You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必自己做这件事。

☛The table needs painting (=to be painted). 桌子该喷漆了。

☛We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们应该敢于说出自己的意见。

☛He did not dare (to) look up. 他没敢往上看。

☛I dare say he’ll come again. 我敢说他会再来的。

二、难点突破
1. 情态动词+ have + done
(1)must have +done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，表示＂肯定已经……＂。

☛Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 因为路是湿的，所以昨晚肯定下雨了。

(2)can’t have done 表示＂不可能已经……＂。

☛He can’t have lost his way. I drew him a map.他不可能迷路了。

我给他画了地图。

(3)could / may / might have done推测过去某事＂也许＂发生了；也可表示虚拟，意为＂本可能，本能够＂。

☛I can’t f ind my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到钥匙了。

可能昨天我把它们落在学校了。

☛You could have told us earlier. 你本可以早点告诉我们的。

(4)ought to / should have done 表示＂本应该……＂；否定形式ought not to / shouldn’t have done 表示＂本
不应该……＂。

☛With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night. 完成了所有的工作，我昨天晚上本应该去参加聚会的。

☛You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 你本不应该取笑他的。

你不应该取笑他，而应该向他学习。

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(5)needn’t have done/not have to do表示＂本没必要……＂。

☛You needn’t have wak en me up. 你本没有必要叫醒我的。

☛I don’t have to go to work today.我今天没必要去工作。

(6)would like /love to have done sth.表示＂本打算/本想……＂。

☛I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我本打算读这篇文章的，但是当时我太忙了。

2. 情态动词+ be + doing
情态动词+ be + doing表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。

☛He must be playing basketball in the room. 他肯定正在房间里打篮球。

☛She may be staying at home. 她肯定正待在家里。

【特别提醒】
1. 陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

☛He must be a doctor, isn’t he? 他肯定是名医生，是吗？
☛You must have studied English for three years, haven’t you?/didn’t you? 你肯定学过三年英语，是吗？
☛He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he? 他昨天一定做完了，是吗？
2. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用＂need (dare ) +主语＂。

☛We need not do it again, need we? 我们不需要再做了，是吗？
☛He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？
3. 当dare, need为实义动词时，疑问部分用＂助动词do + 主语＂。

☛She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？
从下面的方框中选择适当的情态动词填空
ought to oughtn’t to need needn’t have to don’t have to
1. He _______________ have kept his word.
2. You _____________ have waited for me; I had told you before.
3. I _______________ go now, because my mother is in hospital.
4. You _______________ do all the housework, because I can help you when I come back.
5. —_______________ he start from the beginning?
—Yes, he must. / No, he _______________.
6. You _______________ go out at night.
【答案】
1. ought to
2. needn’t
3. have to
4. don’t have to
5. Need; needn’t
6. oughtn’t to
I.选词填空
must should ought(n’t) to don’t have to couldn’t mustn’t needn’t
can’t have to
1. You______________ go on working because you look so tired now.
2. Li Hua______________ pass an examination before he can start work.
3. You______________ come to the meeting if you’re too busy.
4. You______________ play now! You shall finish your homework first!
5. I know things are hard with you, but you ______________try to get over the difficulties.
6. I didn’t see her at the meeting this morning; she ______________have spoken at the meeting.
7. You ______________imagine what difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm.
8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______________have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
9. You ______________follow the doctor’s advice. I think it will do good to you.
10. I ______________have phoned Ed this morning, but I forgot.
II. 完成句子
1. 我认为这个故事不可能是真的。

I thought the story ____________________.
2. —明天我该动身去上海吗？
—是，你应该。

/不，你不应该。

―Ought I to leave for Shanghai tomorrow?
―Yes, you ____________________. /No, you____________________.
3. 他需要先做作业吗？
____________________ his homework first?
4. 他无须担心这件事。

He ____________________it.
5. 房间需要打扫了。

The room needs cleaning. =The room needs ____________________.
6. 昨天我本该完成这个任务的，但我生病了。

Yesterday I ____________________ the task, but I was ill.
7. 他很强壮，我不敢和他打。

He is so strong that I ____________________ fight against him.
I. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

To make sure that the foods are delicious and safe, the Food and Drug Administration provides several tips to reduce the risk of the most common foodborne illnesses.
1Bacteria can spread throughout the kitchen and get onto cutting boards, knives, and counter tops. To avoid the risk of foodborne illnesses, people should pay special attention to the handling and preparation of foods.
Keep foods apart. Bacteria can spread from one food product to another. This is especially true for raw meat and seafood. 2
Put foods in a refrigerator without delay. Public health officials advise consumers to refrigerate foods quickly. 3Refrigerators should be set at 40 degrees F and the freezer at 0 degrees F, and the accuracy of the settings should be checked now and then.
Keep foods at a safe temperature during thawing(解冻). Let’s take turkey for example. Thawing the turkey completely before cooking is important and necessary to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. 4For example, a 20-pound turkey needs two to three days to thaw completely when thawed in the refrigerator at a temperature of no more than 40 degrees F.
5Foods are properly cooked when they are heated for a long enough time and at a high enough temperature to kill the harmful bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses.
A. Cook to proper temperatures.
B. So keep them away from ready-to-eat foods.
C. Wash hands and food contact surfaces often.
D. Washing hands before meals is good for health.
E. So allow the correct amount of time to thaw a whole turkey.
F. The turkey is done when the temperature reaches 180 degrees F.
G. That’s because cold temperatur es stop most harmful bacteria growing.
II. 语法填空
When you are thirsty, you can drink some green tea. It tastes good and it’s very healthy. The Chinese 1 (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times and they use 2to treat everything from headaches to depression. They have 3(actual) been using green tea as a medicine for over 4, 000 years.
Nowadays, there is scientific evidence of the health benefits of green tea. According to one study 4 (publish) in a cancer research journal, drinking green tea 5(reduce) the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women 6nearly sixty percent. USA researchers have also found that green tea may prevent the 7 (grow) of cancer cells. There is also new evidence 8green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at getting rid of the bacteria on your 9(tooth) and keep them healthy!
As the Chinese proverb goes, it is 10(good) to go without food for three days, than without tea for one. So you should definitely try a cup of green tea.
1. (北京)In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need
B. should
C. can
D. must
2. (天津)I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave
B. must have left
C. might leave
D. could have left
3. (天津)My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
4. (天津)It was really annoying; I _________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
5. (北京)I love the weekend, because I _________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. shouldn’t
6. (浙江)It was so noisy that we_________ hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
7. (天津) I _________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. couldn’t
8. (福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You_________ have made full preparations.
A. must
B. can
C. would
D. should
9. (重庆)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _________ you?
A. mustn’t
B. haven’t
C. didn’t
D. hadn’t
10. (上海改编)Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better __________(control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
I.选词填空
3. needn’t/don’t have to 【解析】句意：如果你太忙，你就不必参加这次会议了。

根据句意可知，此处表示＂
不需要＂，所以要用needn’t/don’t have to。

4. mustn’t【解析】句意：你现在不能玩，你应该首先完成你的家庭作业。

根据句意可知，此处表示＂禁
止＂，所以要用mustn’t。

7. can’t【解析】句意：你不能想象，在暴风雪中走回家时我们遇到了什么困难。

根据句意可知，此处表
示＂不能＂。

8. needn’t【解析】句意：结果昨天的天气很好，我本不必麻烦着带一把伞。

根据句意可知，表示＂本不
需要做某事，而做了＂，要用needn’t have done，所以填needn’t。

9. should/ought to 【解析】句意：你应该听医生的建议。

我想那对你有好处。

根据句意可知，此处用should
和ought to都可以。

10. should/ought to 【解析】句意：今天上午我本该给Ed打电话，但是我忘了。

根据句意可知，表示＂本
应该做某事而没有做＂，要用should/ought to have done，所以填should/ought to。

II. 完成句子
1. could not be true
2. ought to; oughtn’t to
3. Need he do
4. needn’t worry about
5. to be cleaned
6. ought to/should have finished
7. dare not
I. 七选五
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种避免食源性疾病的方法。

1. C 【解析】根据空后的内容可知，细菌会在整个厨房内传播，切菜板上、厨房刀具上和厨房台面上都可
能会有细菌，C项中的＂food contact surfaces＂与下文中的＂cutting boards, knives, and counter tops＂相对应，故C项＂经常洗手并清洗接触食物的物体表面＂符合语境。

2. B 【解析】根据本段的主题句＂Keep foods apart＂可知，本段主要讲的是要把食物分开放置，再结合空
前的＂Bacteria can spread from one food product to another. This is especially true for raw meat and
seafood＂可知，生肉、海鲜特别容易传播细菌，因此应该把它们与其他食物分开放置。

故B项＂因此要把它们和立即可食的食物分开放置＂符合语境。

B项中的＂them＂指代的就是上文中的＂raw meat and seafood＂。

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4. E 【解析】根据空前的＂Thawing the turkey completely before cooking is important and necessary to reduce
the risk of foodborne illnesses＂可知，在烹饪前完全解冻火鸡对降低患食源性疾病的风险很重要，再结合下文中所举的例子可知，空处说的应是要有一定的时间来使一整只火鸡解冻。

故E项符合语境。

【易错点拨】本题考生易误选F项。

虽然F项也谈到了火鸡，但是F项说的是＂当温度达到180华氏度时，火鸡就做好了＂，与下文的＂For example, a 20-pound turkey needs two to three days to thaw completely when thawed in the refrigerator at a temperature of no more than 40 degrees F＂构不成一定的逻辑关系，故可排除F项。

5. A 【解析】根据空后的＂Foods are properly cooked when they are heated for a long enough time and at a high
enough temperature to kill the harmful bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses＂可知，当食物被加热到足够的时间时，食物就被做好了，而且足够高的温度能够杀死那些引发食源性疾病的细菌。

因此本段主要讲的应是烹饪时要达到一定的温度，故A项符合语境。

II. 语法填空
【语篇解读】茶文化在中国已传承几百年，甚至很多中国把饮茶当作一种预防疾病的方法。

1. have known 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

根据时间状语＂since ancient times＂可知，句子应该用现在
完成时；主语＂The Chinese＂是复数含义，指＂中国人＂。

故填have known。

2. it 【解析】考查代词。

此处指＂中国人用茶叶治疗好多病＂，用it指代不可数名词＂green tea＂。

故填it。

3. actually 【解析】考查副词。

句意：他们实际上已经用绿茶作药4, 000多年了。

用副词修饰谓语。

故填actually。

4. published 【解析】考查非谓语。

名词＂one study＂与publish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。

故填published。

5. reduces / will reduce 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

句意：喝绿茶可以让中国人减少近百分之六十的某些
癌症的风险。

主语是＂drinking green tea＂，是动名词，谓语用单数；根据句意也可以用一般将来时。

故填reduces / will reduce。

6. by 【解析】考查介词。

此处指＂增长或减少的幅度＂。

故填by。

9. teeth 【解析】考查名词。

根据句意可知，此处指人们的牙齿，用复数。

故填teeth。

10. better 【解析】考查形容词。

句意：正如中国谚语所说，三天不吃饭可以，一天不喝茶不行。

根据than
可知，此处用比较级。

故填better。

1. C 【解析】考查情态动词。

句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。

数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即＂客观可能性＂，故该空应用情态动词can。

C选项正确。

其余情态动词均没有该用法。

need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。

2. D 【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。

句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超
市了，但我不确定。

根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示＂可能＂。

故选D。

3. C 【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。

A. 不
敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 禁止。

根据句意，故选C。

【名师点睛】
情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个选项的意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别，再结合上下文语境就不难选择了。

daren’t通常表示＂不敢＂，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务；needn’t 表示＂不需要＂，强调必要性；mustn’t 表示＂不许＂，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。

4. B 【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。

wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；
shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。

根据句意可知选B。

5. A 【解析】句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。

A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C.
wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。

根据句意可知，周六、周日不必早起，故选A。

8. D 【解析】句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。

——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分的准备
的。

should have done 本来应该做某事，而实际上没做。

故选D。

9. C 【解析】下句句意：那么你逗留伦敦期间肯定去看过大英博物馆，是吗？题中last summer表示的是
一个确定的过去时间，可认定must have visited是对＂过去＂的推断，此处反义疑问句中问句部分应用一般过去时，故C项正确。

10. control 【解析】had better do sth. 最好做某事；had better是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。

Writing: 如何写英文广告
本单元的写作任务是写一则英文广告，属于说服性写作。

广告写作要求学生围绕某一具体事物(如your restaurant)展开描述和宣传。

该类写作具有较强的针对性，写作中应当考虑受众的需求和感受，在遵循事实的前提下充分展现事物的优点和独特品质。

广告写作具有较强的实用性，能够锻炼学生积极运用所学英语知识的能力以及创新能力。

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【写作指导】
一则广告大致包括标题、正文、口号和随文四个部分。

但并不是每则广告都必须同时具备这四个元素。

1. 标题：广告的标题是广告中最重要的部分。

它起着引起读者的好奇心，吸引读者的注意力的作用。

2. 正文：广告的正文进一步对标题进行阐述，以引起读者的兴趣。

语言要尽量口语化、简洁明了，使用较短的单词和句子。

祈使句和一般疑问句在广告中出现的频率很高。

如：
In short, the stronger your character, the brighter your future.
Please do not leave it too late.
Do you want to work in world-class research laboratories?
3. 口号：广告口号的目的是便于人们重复记忆和二次传播，因而必须将之压缩成口号语句。

如：Just do it. 只管去做。

（耐克运动鞋）
4. 随文：随文又叫附文，是说明企业/产品等的名称、地址、购买商品的方法等附加信息的语言文字，一般出现在广告的结尾。

如：
【写作要求】
1. 确保广告的真实性。

真实性是广告的生命力所在，如果违背了真实性原则，广告会因失真而丧失可信度。

2. 明确广告对象。

广告对象是指广告信息的接受者。

3. 注意广告语言，提高说服力和表现力。

好的广告语言能给读者留下难以磨灭的印象，唤起消费者的购买欲望，从而达到广告的最终目的。

Write a short passage to advertise your restaurant and its service. Your writing should:
* explain what kind of food will be offered in your restaurant
* describe their ingredients, flavour, smell and appearance
* explain how they will provide a balanced diet
* explain why your restaurant will provide the best food in the area
* explain how customers will be served
【审题要素】
写作时应注意以下几点：
1. 确定文体：广告写作属于应用文写作。

2. 主体时态：以一般现在时为主。

3. 主体人称：广告面向顾客进行宣传，应以第一、二人称为主。

4. 内容要点：①提供何种菜肴；②饭菜的色香味以及所用原料；③平衡饮食；④服务理念；⑤服务承诺。

5. 注意广告语言的特点，提高说服力和表现力。

【思路引导】
为吸引读者的注意力，广告的开头可采用问句、短句或短语的形式。

接着说明广告的主要内容，即本店所提供的菜肴。

根据题目的要求，可进一步从原料、色、香、味等方面介绍本店菜肴的特点。

然后从平衡饮食和优质服务等角度来突出本店的特色，以起到更好的宣传作用。

广告的结尾应富有感染力，进一步激发广告诉求对象的购买行为。

【参考范文】
Are you tired of junk food? Still looking for something special and healthy? It is time to treat yourself and your family to the best home-cooked meals. We have the best local dishes and offer a balanced diet. Here you can find a lot of vegetables cooked in different ways and every kind of seafood you can think of.
Our food is famous for its variety of ingredients, beautiful color and magic taste of sweet, sour, salty and delicious dishes. The energy-giving and body-building food will provide you with necessary calories, fat, protein
and vitamins.
With excellent quality and reasonable price, our restaurant provides the best food in this city. First-class service and perfect menu. Come and have a try. You will not regret it.
最近，某科技公司推出一款新型号的手机。

请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语广告，介绍该手机。

必要性：手机是人们的联系工具之一。

颜色：黑色和白色
功能：收发短信、照相、上网、下载音乐、浏览网页……
其他：MP4，自选游戏……
参考词汇：浏览browse
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】
Thanks for choosing our smart phones. As we know, mobile phones have become the most important way of communication, with which we can get in touch with each other wherever and whenever we are.
This product for us has many different functions to meet different needs, such as sending or receiving short messages. Besides, you won’t take pains to carry your camera any more, for the mobile phone itse lf has one. Thus, you can take pictures whenever you like. What’s more, with the function of surfing the Internet, it allows you to browse web pages and download what you want. It can even bring you a flood of music and movies. Most importantly, it can be used as an MP4 as well as a computer game player.
As for colors, we offer you the choice between white and black.。