高三英语第13讲定语从句(学生版)-黄庄何晓东

第13讲：定语从句
11 找隐藏图
例图：
定语从句
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有
when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A、引导定语从句；
B、代替先行词；
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

可翻译出【的】
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。

试比较：A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。

B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。

（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。

如：
There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。

（but = who don’t）
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。

The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。

同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由
where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

The news that he told me is true. （定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。

The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。

The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。

The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. （同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。

3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。

如：
A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. （同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. （同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
1.掌握定语从句的基本形式
2.关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
3.关系代词与关系副词的选择
4.限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A．where B．which
C．what D．when
2．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
A．what B．when
C．where D．which
3．Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.
A．when B．which
C．whose D．where
A．in which case B．in that case
C．in what case D．in whose case
A．whom B．who
C．what D．which
6．“You can’t judge a b ook by its cover，”________．
A．as the saying goes old
B．goes as the old saying
C．as the old saying goes
D．goes as old the saying
7．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A．what B．where
C．when D．why
A．when B．where
C．which D．whom
9．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A．whose B．that
C．who D．which
10．Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series.
A．them B．that
C．which D．what
A档（巩固专练）
1．The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A．until B．that
C．when D．where
2．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?
A．who B．who’s
C．which D．whose
3．I’m interested in ________ you have said.
A．all that B．all what
C．that D．which
4．I was given three books on cooking，the first ________ I really enjoyed.
A．of that B．of which
C．that D．which
5．—So you have met Maria?
—Yes，it was last week ________ we attended Jack’s party.
A．that B．there
C．which D．when
6．________ is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A．It B．As
C．That D．What
7．After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child.
A．which B．where
C．that D．when
8．I want to use the same dictionary ________ was used yesterday.
A．which B．who
C．what D．as
9．Jim passed the driving test，________ surprised everybody in the office.
A．which B．that
C．this D．it
10．The students ________ are expected to pass.
A．were taught by Professor Deacon
B．whom were taught by Professor Deacon
C．when were taught by Professor Deacon
D．Professor Deacon taught
B档（提升精练）
11．After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which B．who
C．where D．what
12．A lot of language learning，________has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A．as B．it
C．which D．this
13．We live in an age________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A．why B．when
C．to whom D．on which
14．The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it
C．as D．what
15．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without________help I would never have got this far.
A．who B．whose
C．whom D．which
A．that B．where
C．which D．what
17．Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
A．what B．in what
C．which D．in which
18．When deeply absorbed in work，________he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A．that B．which
C．where D．when
A．which B．when
C．what D．that
20．That evening，________I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.
A．that B．which
C．what D．when
七选五专项练习
Why do some people have many friends while others do not? 1 However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relation s.
3 After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in the 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an a ll – white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Move ment had been necessary in America.
She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and the other with brown eyes. Ot her eye colours such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise. Then she told the class tha t brown – eyed people were cleverer than blue - eyed ones because of an agent (化学作用) for brown colour found in their blood. Blue – eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trus ted. Jane Elliott did not need to say any more. The brown – eyed students quickly got used to thei r new role as the leaders of the class. The blue – eyed students became quiet and withdrawn. The n she discovered something very interesting. Four poor brown – eyed readers began to read fluentl y in a way they had never done before. 4 .So if you want to be successful and happy, take an int erest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their success es and sympathize(同情) with them in their troubles. 5 .
A. Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that the y wanted to find the best working environment for them.
B. Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behaviour to you.
C. The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore （忽略） others.
D. The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others.
E. Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behaviour but also t heir confidence and their performance.
F.You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so e ffortless to them.
G. The second experiment tells us what teachers said has a great effect on the students.
1．So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders，________ dying soon after birth.
A．many of which B．many of whom
C．many of them D．many of that
2．Let’s talk about the persons and the things ________ we can remember.
A．which B．whom
C．that D．what
A．who B．that
C．what D．which
4．At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________ he got a good opportunity for further development.
A．after that B．after which
C．after it D．after this
5．I’ll never forget the most wonderful holiday ________ we stayed in the country with my grandparents.
A．when B．which
C．where D．that
6．This photo of mine was taken________stood the famous high tower.
A．which B．in which
C．where D．there
7．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A．which B．where
C．how D．why
8．________ was expected，only five people turned up at the party，________ disappointed the hostess very much.
A．As；which B．As；that
C．It；that D．It；which
9．Darwin counted 225 flowering plants，________he collected and brought home 193.
A．that B．in that
C．of which D．all of which
10．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of ________ left their village homes for
a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which
C．them D．those
A. why
B. which
C. when
D. where
2.American Thanksgiving Day, ______ falls on Nov. 24 this year, takes on an entirely different
look in China.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. what
3.Do you know the wasteland they used to play has been transformed into a theme park?
A. that
B. which
C. there
D. where
4.The city was attacked by ____ terrible weather ____few citizens had ever experienced before.
A. so, as
B. so, that
C. such, that
D. such, as
5.In our city there are several big public parks _______many people can go to enjoy the beautiful
scenery.
A. in which
B. at which
C. from which
D. to which
6.There are species living in the depths of the oceans ______ we still know little.
A. for which
B. in which
C. of what
D. of which
7.A good advertisement often uses words _______ people attach positive meanings.
A. that
B. which
C. with which
D. to which
A. whom
B. which
C. that
D. them
A. of whom
B. which
C. whose
D. of which
10. Tony showed me his new cell phone, _______ was small but it could change colors in different weather.
A. the screen of whom
B. whom the screen of
C. which the screen of
D. the screen of which
七选五专项练习
Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be over worried.
(5)_____ You will probably discover them after you have tried these.
A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
E. Maybe you are an average student.
2. The seven Cs of a good letter
What is the secret of writing a good letter? Here are two main ones. Don’t try to be fancy. Do n’t try to impress your reader. You will be successful if you follow these seven Cs.
e short, direct sentences. 1 Talk as if the reader were right there with you .Abov e all, don’t use an introduction.
Correct, 2 Don’t guess, even for spelling. Refer to your dictionary. If you need to , check a reference book too. Use them as much as you need to.
Concise. Make each point as clearly and briefly as you can.
Considerate. 5 Write about what you believe the reader needs or wants to know。

Try to be helpful. This will build good feeling toward you.
A. Just ―talk‖to the person
B. Think of the readers’point of view as you write.
C. Make them easy to understand
D. Include long sentences in your letter
E. Make sure what you say is correct
F. Writing should not be taken too seriously
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