语法填空专题训练课件：介词

解题技巧
1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？ 我们首先必须知道两点： (1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、 代词、动名词，或者what从句； (2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、 动词的宾语、介词的宾语。 因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是 名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作 主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就 很可能是填介词。
[例4]I wanted to reward the old woman ______the trouble I had caused her. 分析：句意是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦 的那个年迈的妇女。” 表示“因……而酬谢/ 报答某人”，是reward sb. for sth.，即用for 引出原因，故填for。 类似的表达还有: thank sb. for sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。
6. 表示“数量”的about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等；表示“关于”的on, about等；表 示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的of；表示(增加 /减少，相差，高出等的)程度的by；以及as(当作， 作为)，like(像…一样)等。 7. 能接复合宾语的介词有with和without。 8. 短语中的介词。如“动词+介词”短语，如 look after, care for，congratulations on等；“动 词+副词+介词”短语，如catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等；“动词+名词+ 介词”take are of,ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้take notice of等； “名词+介词”，如effect on等。
介词
考点解密
介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续 两年的广东高考中都有两空是专门考查介 词的，占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求 “在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定， 所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词 的介词)，主要考点有：
1.表示时间介词有:
at, in, on 表示时间点和时间段 by 不迟于，到……时为止 after 在……之后 before 在……之前 since 自从…… for 表示一段时间; during 在……期间 within在……期间，不超过 throughout贯穿……期间 over在……期间，过完一段时间 from…to…从……到 until/till 直到 between在……之间
2. 应该填哪个介词？ 在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的 语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格 所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。 另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用： (1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。 2008年广东高考36题，“感到累了”应当 是“干活一整天之后”，故填after。
(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。如2008年广 东高考31题，这是一个there be句型，该句型一 般是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”；可见 “_______these proverbs”应当是表示地点的； 不难得知“有趣故事”应当是在“这些成语的背 后”，故填behind。 (3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语 (宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。 (4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的 搭配关系，或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭 配关系来确定具体要填的介词。
考点击破
一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。 1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ______ into a chair. (安徽) 2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ______ by the back door. (北京) by the 3. A great man shows his greatness ______ way he treats little men. (福建) 4. You have no idea how she finished the relay with her foot wounded so much. (福建) race ______
5. I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and to ___________ the point. (辽宁) 6. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ______ as a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏) 7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like about ______ working here. (全国 Ⅱ) 8. I began to feel _________ home in the new at school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)
inside在……的里面； outside在……的外面； before在……之前； behind在……的后面； over在……的上方或上面； under在……的下面或下方； beside/by在……的旁边； near在……的附近；
beyond在……的那一边，远于，超过 (某事物的范围)； across在……的对面或那一边； against靠着； across从一边到另一边； by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过； over从某人或某物的上空经过； through从某事物的里面经过。
22. —It’s a top secret. between —Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ________ you and me.(上海) about 23. People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁) 24. After the earthquake, the injured were for in the local hospitals or taken to cared ______ the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西) 25. I would like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work I’m ______ doing at the moment. (浙江)
[例2]He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day... 分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填 after；另外，表示“因……而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填from。
[例3]…the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me ______a guest in their house. 分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待”，表示 “当作，作为”用介词as。
3. 表示原因的介词有because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at(常放在表示情感变化后的 动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于 “听到或看到”)等。 4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有by乘、坐、 骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过；in用(某种语言或 材料，如墨水等)；with用(具体的工具)， 和……一起；through通过(实践或书本)等。 5. 表示“除……外”的介词有except, besides, but, except for等。
[例1]Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. _____these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (广东) 实例剖析 分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是作主语、 宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是 “在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的 故事”，表示“在……背后”，用介词behind。
9. Elizabeth has already achieved success beyond ______ her wildest dreams. (陕西) 10. Everything was perfect for the picnic for the weather. (浙江) except _________ 11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ______ for girls of your age. (北京) 12. Although _________ against my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. (福建)
13. ______ In the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南) of the 14. Scientists are convinced ______ positive effect of laughter ______ on physical and mental health. (江西) 15. Experts have been warning ______ for some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西) 16. The manager suggested an earlier date for the meeting. (全国I) ______
17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides money these days.(全国II) _________ 18. Some students often listen to music between ______ classes to refresh themselves. (四川) 19. The open-air celebration has been put off of the bad weather. (浙江) because ______ 20. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow beyond because it’s _________the visiting hours. (福建) beyond me why such things 21. It’s quite__________ have been allowed to happen. (安徽)
2. 表示方位的介词有： into进入； out of从……出来； along沿着； (a)round围饶着或在……的各处； down沿……而下；up沿……而上；from从； off从……离开或下来；at朝着或向着； for到……去；to到或向；towards向或朝着； at在某一点或在(某物)旁； in在某一范围内；on在某物的表面上； above在……的上头或高出； below在…下面或低于； among在(多者)之中； between在(两者)之间；around在……周围；