2006年10月英语二试题及答案
2006年10月自考综合英语
2006年10月自考综合英语(2)模拟试题及答案Part One (60 Points)I.语法词汇。
用适当的词填空。
从ABCD四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上写上所选答案的字母。
（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer (25points.)1.When summing up our experience in socialist construction,_______ on the lessons drawn from our failures and mistakes.A. stress should be laidB. we should lay stressC. stress should layD. we should be laying stress2.Mary had just arrived, but she talked as if she_______ about our plan.A. had knownB. knowC. knewD. has known3._______is often the case in nature, the commonest things are the most complicated.A. ThatB. ItC. AsD. What4.Neither the teacher nor Bob’s parents_______ satisfied with his school work.A. isB. wasC. areD. have5.You will have to pay a fine_______ you return the books to the library in time.A. untilB. providedC. ifD. unless6._______a writer of considerable distinction, people flocked to her public lectures.A. BeingB. To beC. She isD. Because she is7._______at close quarters, she looked even more dreadful.A. SeeingB. SeenC. To be seenD. Being seen8. They kept on sailing on the vast ocean,_______ where the voyage was to end.A. not knowingB. knowing notC. not knownD. known not9. That was a busy and immensely satisfying year for me,_______ hard work paid off in a big way.A. at whichB. during that timeC. of which timeD. during which10.Alice is the tallest of_______ in the Smith family.A. all the membersB. any membersC. any of the membersD. any other member11.Waterloo was_______ Napoleon was finally defeated.A. whoB. whenC. whereD. how12. In the corner of the dorm_______ a trash can filled with crumpled and torn pages of his term paper.A. was sitB. satC. sitD. is sit13.She is too shy to ask a stranger the time,_______ speak to a room full of people.A. let aloneB. much lessC. not to mentionD. not to say14. I’m afraid that you won’t be able to talk this problem _______you have to do something.A. offB. downC. aroundD. away15. It was_______ of my mother to wait until we were all together before she told us about her latest plan to do something.A. normalB. typicalC. representativeD. special16. If you can keep our community pollutionfree while developing your project,_______. If not, I would like to suggest you give up your idea.A. well and goodB. better and betterC. good and betterD. good and well17.Jules was startled to see him and_______ out the first thing that came into his mind. “Have you had your dinner, sir?” he asked.A. spokeB. brokeC. blurtedD. burst18. I can still see_______ the green grassy slope where the sheep grazed peacefully in the sun.A. on my mindB. in my mind’s eyeC. on my mind’s eyeD. in my mind19. The boy was_______ by what his mother said and felt at a loss.A. distortedB. pleasedC. bewilderedD. amazed20.Drivers are constantly advised not to drive when tired, for tiredness can_______ a person’s judgment.A. impairB. misleadC. effectD. distract21.Even though everyone_______ the incident has been questioned, the police were still at a loss as to who was the real murderer.A. informed ofB. involved inC. hearing fromD. inferred to22. The Wright brothers_______ the design of the first successful motorpowered plane.A. conceivedB. conformedC. concealedD. converted23. Eventually, Brecht moved to the United States, but neither he nor American_______ one another.A. get onB. took toC. went alongD. fond of24.It still remains a big problem to the world how to dispose_______ nuclear waste.A. withB. aboutC. ofD. up25. The plane is_______ in 5 minutes.A. dueB. justC. fairD. fittingII. 完形填空。
06年10月综合英语（二）模拟题（六）
Passage 2 Every country has its share of the odd beliefs that we call superstitions. And of all the subjects that superstitions have been built around， the most outstanding is salt. The properties of salt have puzzled people everywhere. Today we know its chemical nature. We know why salt can help to thaw snow or to freeze ice cream. But early man did not have this knowledge. He looked on salt as magic. As magic， it had the power to do good or evil. Man probably first noticed salt when he saw animals near a salt lick. When he tried some， it tasted good. Then he found out that salt could keep food from spoiling. He began to imagine that it could protect him as well. He valued salt for both its magical and its chemical properties. In those days salt was scarce in some places. It was too precious to be wasted. So there was a sensible reason for being careful not to spill salt. Spilling salt was indeed an unlucky accident. Superstition gave another meaning to the same accident. Early man was sure that the good spirit guarding him had caused him to spill the salt. It was a warning of evil near him. Good spirits were thought to live on the right side of the body；bad spirits were on the left. So early man threw a pinch of salt over his left shoulder. The salt was a bribe to the spirits that planned to harm him. To many people， spilling salt meant sadness. This superstition arose because tears are salty. An old belief in Norway is that enough tears must be shed to dissolve the salt that is spilled. And there is an old saying， “Help me to salt， help me to sorrow.” Faith in the magic of salt explains another old belief. People thought it was easy to catch a bird if its tail feathers were salted. Not long ago a report seemed to show there was some truth in this belief. Birds flying close enough to the Great Salt Lake in the United States were said to be easily captured. But the cause is not the magic power of salt. It is the weight of salt on their wings that keeps the birds from flying away. The properties of salt gave rise to other beliefs about it . Salt itself lasts， it helps to preserve food. So men thought it was much like friendship. Many old customs link salt with friendship. Salt is often given as a present to a friend in his new home. In ancient Greece， a stranger was welcomed by having a pinch of salt placed in his right hand. In the East， salt was put in front of strangers as a pledge of goodwill. In Hungary， people sprinkle the threshold of a new house with salt. When this is done，no witch or evil thing will enter the house. We know today that salt is needed for good health. In Ancient times the Greeks and Romans thought that the salt in seawater made the water pure. So they worshipped a goddess of salt. She was the goddess of health. In her name， salt was placed on the tongue of a child at birth. This act was thought to make sure of long life， good health， and protection for him. The custom is still followed in some places. Old beliefs about salt have not all disappeared， and some “salty” words and expressions are still part of our speech. The word salary has come to us from times when salt was scarce. Roman soldiers， officials， and working people were often paid with salt. That pay was called salarium， which came from the word for salt， sal. Salarium meant salt money. We also use the expression “He’s not worth his salt. ” To praise a person，we might say： “He’s the salt of the earth.” Most people today do not allow superstitions to rule their actions. We know that these very old beliefs are not likely to be based on facts. But they show that early man， like man today， was trying to understand the world about him. 56.Early man looked on salt as magic because _________. A.he was fond of its unusual good taste B.he was ignorant of its chemical properties C.he discovered seawater was salty D.he discovered its deposits were rich 57.After spilling salt， a superstitious person would ________. A.wash the spilled salt away B.eat the spilled salt up C.throw a pinch of salt over the left shoulder D.throw a pinch of salt over the right shoulder 58.Birds near the Great Salt Lake are easily caught. This _________. A.confirms that salt is precious B.proves that an old superstition is true C.is because of the salt they have taken in D.is due to the salt weight on their wings 59.Strangers who received salt from their hosts ________.A.felt that they were safeB.kept the present for goodC.seasoned their food with itD.sprinkled the threshold with it 60.A person said to be the “salt of the earth” is ________.A.highly thought ofB.not worth his salaryC.healthy and energeticD.ruled by superstitions。
06年高考英语全国二卷试题及答案
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试II英语试题本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至10页。
第二卷11至14页。
考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一部分语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. hearA. nearlyB. searchC. bearD. heart2. changeA. machineB. headacheC. techniqueD. research3. surpiseA. policeB. apologizeC. bridgeD. children4. safelyA. baseB. seasonC. AsiaD. usual5. museumA. subjectB. trueC. hugeD. busy第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
6.–Will you be able to finish your report today? –_______.A. I like itB. I hope soC. I’ll do soD. I’d love it 7．We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _______.A. do youB. can weC. will youD. shall we8．Y our story is perfect; I’ve never heard _______ before.A. the better oneB. the best oneC. a better oneD. a good one 9．It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before10.We hope that as many people as-possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can11.It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. way12.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding.A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had planned13.We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _______, in fact, there were 40.A. whileB. whetherC. whatD. which14.–Did you take enough money with you? –No, I needed _______ I thought I would.A. not so much asB. as much asC. much more thanD. much less than15.Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _______ her todo so.A. forbidB. allowC. followD. ask16.–What did your parents think about your decision?–They always let me do _______ I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what17.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all children like these things.A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought18.There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get ______.A. betweenB. throughC. acrossD. beyond19.I know you don’t like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the20.As you can see, the number of cars on roads _______ rising these days.A. we keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping 第三节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2006年10月全国英语阅读(二)试题及答案
全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension.(50 points,2points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. After each passage, there are five questions followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePlants and animals that have been studied carefully seem to have built-in clocks．These biological clocks，as they are called，usually are not quite exact in measuring time．However，they work pretty well because they are“ reset ”each day，when the sun comes up．Do pigeons use their biological clocks to help them find directions from the sun? We can keep pigeons in a room lit only by lamps．And we can program the lighting to produce artificial “days”，different from the day outside．After a while we have shifted their clocks．Now we take them far away from home and let them go on a sunny day．Most of them start out as if they know just which way to go，but choose a wrong direction．They have picked a direction that would be correct for the position of the sun and the time of day according to their shifted clocks．It is known and experimented that homing pigeons can tell directions by the sun．But what happens when the sky is darkly overcast by clouds and no one can see where the sun is? Then the pigeons still find their way home．The same experiment has been repeated many times on sunny days and the result was always the same．But on very overcast days clock-shifted pigeons are just as good as normal pigeons in starting out in the right directions．So it seems that pigeons also have some extra sense of direction to use when they cannot see the sun．Naturally，people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass－something that would tell them about the directions of the earth’s magnetic field．One way to test that idea would be to see if a pigeon’s sense of direction can be fooled by a magnet attached to its back．With a strong magnet close by，a compass can no longer tell direction．To test the idea，a group of ten pigeons had strong little magnet bars attached to their backs．Another group carried brass bars instead which were not magnetic．In a number of experiments，both groups were taken away from home and let go．On sunny days none of the magnet-pigeons was fooled．They were just as good as the brass-pigeons in starting out in the right direction toward home．On cloudy，overcast days，however，with no sun the brass-pigeons chose the right direction，but the magnet-pigeons were in trouble．They later started out in different directions and acted completely lost．Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One．11．Which of the following can best describe the organization of the passage?A．Questions are raised first and then experiments to answer them are cited．B．opinions are given first and then evidences against them ore quoted．C．Statements come first and examples supporting them follow．D．People’s long held belief s are cited first and exceptions come after．2．What can be inferred from the passage about biological clocks?A．They are used by all plants and animals to tell time．B．Pigeons’biological clocks are regulated every day with the sunrise．C．The built-in biological clocks cannot be changed．D．They gradually developed as pigeons grow mature．3．How can people shift pigeons’ biological clocks?A．By training them when they are young．B．By minor and harmless operations．C．By taking them really far away from home．D．By keeping them in artificial days．4．Whic h is true about pigeons’ finding directions?A．With a brass on back they can find directions sooner．B．They can find directions better than other birds．C．They use the earth’s magnetic field and the sun to find directions．D．They can find directions only to their home．5．What does the author want to say by citing the last experiment?A．On heavily cloudy days，pigeons that are not well trained do not fly.B．Pigeons use different sources to find directions on different weather.C．Magnetic field is an important source in helping pigeons to find directions.D．The little magnet bars make it easier for pigeons to find directions．Passage TwoIn some ways,yes—but the differences matter more．Just as human history has been shaped by the rise and fall of successive empires，the computer industry has, in the few decades of its existence，been dominated by one large company after another．During the mainframe era，IBM wore the crown．But it fumbled the transition to smaller machines in the personal-computer era，and the throne was usurped by Microsoft．Now，at the dawn of the new era of Internet services，Google is widely seen as the heir to the kingdom．As the upstart has matured into a powerful industry giant，the suggestion2that “Google is the new Microsoft”has become commonplace in computing circles．Is it true?The comparison is both a compliment and a reproach．It is a compliment because it implies that Google has now become the company that defines the environment in which other technology firms operate，just as IBM and Microsoft once did．As with Microsoft in its heyday，Google is the technology firm where the smartest geeks aspire to work；it embodies the technological zeitgeist；and it is a highly regarded company that has become a household name．But the comparison is also a reproach，because it highlights growing concern that Google is now too powerful for its own good，or that of the industry，or indeed that of the world at large．For many people，Google provides the front door to the Internet．For many online businesses,their position in its search ranking—the workings of which are a closely guarded secret—is a matter of life or death．Too much power is thus concentrated in Goo gle’s hands，say critics，including Microsoft’s Bi ll Gates．Microsoft and other big Internet firms，including eBay，Amazon and Yahoo，are now said to be negotiating various alliances in order to provide a counterweight to the new behemoth．Smaller firms feel even more vulnerable．As soon as Google says it is moving into a particular market，small fry in that market now dart for cover，unless they are lucky enough to be acquired by Google．Yet there are some crucial ways in which Google differs from Microsoft．For a start，it is a far more innovative company，and its use of small，flexible teams has so far allowed it to remain innovative even as it has grown．Microsoft，in contrast，has stagnated as a result of its size and dominance．It is least innovative in the markets in which it faces the least competition—operating systems，office software and web browsers—though it is，curiously，still capable of innovating in markets in which it has strong rivals(notably video gaming)．Try to avoid using Microsoft software for a day，particularly if you work in an office，and you will have difficulty；but surviving a day without Google is relatively easy．It has strong competitors in all the markets in which it operates：search，online advertising，mapping，software services，and so on．Large firms such as Yahoo，which previously farmed searches out to Google，have switched to other technologies．Goo gle’s market share in search has fallen from a high of around 80％to around 50％today．Perhaps the clearest evidence that Googl e’s continued dominance is not inevitable is the fate of Alta Vista，the former top dog in Internet search．Who remembers it today?Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two．6．The comparison made among IBM，Microsoft and Google suggests that_____.A．IBM is no longer an important firm in the computer industryB．Microsoft has always been dominant in the computer industryC．Google is gaining a dominant position in computing technologyD．it is not valid to make a comparison between the three firms7．Which of the following is NOT true about Google?3A．Google is widely known only in computing circles．B．Google is being criticized for being too powerful．C．Google is of vital importance to online businesses．D．Google is likely to eplace Microsoft in computer industry．8．Compared with Microsoft, ogle is said to be more_____.A．stagnate in technology B．inflexible in structureC．ambitious in development D．innovative in market9．Microsoft is facing challenges in_____.A．operating system B．office softwareC．web browsers D．video gaming10．Which is used as an example to predict the likely future of Goo gle’s Internet earch?A．Alta Vista．B．Yahoo．C．eBay．D．Amazon．Passage ThreeIt is such an odd relationship between people and pandas．We are so fond of them that when the Chinese government lent a pair to the San Diego Zoo for six months，the number of visitors increased sharply，and the zoo sold over half a million panda T-shirts．When a Panda was born in Tokyo Zoo in 1986，thousands of people phoned daily to hear a recording of the baby’s c ry．Although the reason we love pandas is not easy to explain，animal scientists offer some plausible theories．They suggest that parenting instincts are aroused by the common characteristics of babies：round faces and small jaws．Pandas，even in adulthood，display all of these interesting features．Until recently，however，it seemed nearly certain that this much-loved creature was destined to die out．Even now the giant panda numbers fewer than 1000 in a shrinking wilderness in one small area in China，an untimely end for the wo rld’s most beloved wild species may still be avoidable．“It’s easy to save the panda，”says George Schaller，the New York Zoological So ciety’s panda expert and a world renowned zoologist．“All it needs is bamboo and peace．”Wild life experts have recommended some basic steps to help．A detailed plan for the protection of panda has been drawn up by the Wildlife Fund，in cooperation with the Chinese Ministry of Forestry．The plan calls for a 70％increase in the panda preserve at a cost of $20，000，000 over five years．The plan was submitted to the Chinese government in August，1989．After more than a year of debating and delay，the National People’s Congress voted in favor of the bill to fund the plan．4Almost 100 pandas are kept in Chinese Zoos and at institutions in other countries，but during the past three decades fewer than 100 baby pandas have been born in China．And the majority of these have died young．Despite such unfavorable circumstance，the giant pandas prospects are better now than in the recent past．New insights into behavior，diet and physiology offer hope to protect and raise these animals more effectively．The most promising hope for panda’s future seems to be the increased efforts by Chinese government．They have established 13 panda reserves and announced plans for 14 more．A farm has been relocated away from a panda habitat, and some 60 families living in one reserve have been relocated，costing the government nearly $ 370，00．Public concern for the welfare of pandas has been heightened by stiff penalties for poaching—although it remains a serious problem．A few farmers have captured isolated pandas and released them back to larger habitats．Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three．11．The passage mainly discusses_______．A．the mysterious life of pandasB．attentions towards panda protectionC．public liking for pandasD．the strange behaviors of pandas12．Pandas are much loved by people for all of the following reasons EXCEPT_______．A．their baby-like featuresB．their round faces and small jawsC．their attractive criesD．their inactivity13．Which of the following factors plays a NEGATIVE rol e to panda’s surviving?A．Public concern for panda’s welfa re has been heightened．B．Chinese government invested more money in panda protection．C．Proper protection measures were not taken in time．D．More reserves will be established in China．14．Which of the following plays a key role in panda protection?A．Animal behaviorists．B．Chinese government．C．American zoologists．D．The zoos which raise pandas．15．Pandas can be better protected today owing to______．A．a better understanding of the animalB．the increase in foreign funds5C．their increasing popularityD．the efforts of American scientistsPassage FourThat experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering．Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory．Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to 1ead to skilful performance on the piano，to recitation of a poem，and even to reading and understanding these words．So-called intelligent behavior demands memory，remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning．The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory．Typically，the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences．Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material．Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten；and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious．Yet，dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive．In this sense，the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals．Indeed，when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experien ce leads to serious anxiety，forgetting may produce relief．Nevertheless，an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection．In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible．aspects，it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade．Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time，since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out，providing clues for inferring duration．Without forgetting，adaptive ability would suffer，for example，learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be．Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion．This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species．Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting．In this view，continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output)．Indeed，there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned．Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance．Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.16. From the evolutionary point of view,_______.A．sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequencesB．forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptiveC．if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptiveD．forgetting is an indication of an individual’s adaptability617.According to the passage, if a person never forgot,_______.A．he would survive bestB．he would have a lot of troubleC．the evolution of memory would stopD．his ability to learn would be enhanced18.From the last paragraph we know that _______.A．forgetfulness is a response to learningB．memory is a compensation for forgettingC．the capacity of a memory storage system is limitedD．the memory storage system is balanced19.The tone of the passage can best be described as _______.A．humorous B．theoreticalC．exaggerative D．philosophical20.The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to _______.A．interpret the function of forgettingB．illustrate the process of adaptingC．explain the performance of memoryD．emphasize the importance of learningPassage FiveMany people believe that beavers are intelligent animals. After all, their dams are fine examples of engineering. The engineering feats of beavers are well known, but it will be useful to recall their main features.A pair of beavers will construct a dam across a river. The water held back by the dam overflows the bank on either side of the river, flooding the adjacent ground and forming a pond. At some point in the pond the beavers then build their home, which is called a lodge. This consists of a conical pile of branches and sticks of two to six feet in length held together with mud and stones, the top of which projects above the waterline. It serves as a shelter from the elements, a refuge from enemies and a base for food supplies to be drawn upon in winter.From an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved．Not only does it contain a central chamber just above water level，but it also has one or more escape tunnels，well-insulated walls and a vertical chimney，which regulates the temperature inside and gives air-conditioning．It is altogether a cunning piece of construction，with all modern conveniences．It is，in fact，better protected against the effects of flooding than many human habitations．Trees are essential to beavers．They eat the bark on the upper branches，and in order to reach these they must fell the7trees．Tree-felling is a skilled job，as anyone who has felled even a sapling knows．But beavers fell more than saplings．A pair is said to be able to fell a tree four inches in diameter in 15 minutes．They do it by gnawing all round the trunk，as high up from the ground as they can reach．They often build platforms of mud and earth to enable them to cut through the tree where the trunk is narrower．The engineering skill of beavers is to a large extent a result of their ability to use their front paws as hands．A female will carry her young held under her chin with her front paws walking on her hind legs．A similar method is used by all beavers when transporting stones or mud，although they also carry such materials on their broad flat tails．The forepaws are also used for burrowing and for dragging heavier logs．It is easy，therefore，to see why people should tal k about the beaver’ s skill，cleverness and intelligence．However，the structur e of the beaver’s brain gives no indication that the animal is any more intelligent than other rodents．Any of its actions，which appear to be the result of a higher order of reasoning，can be shown to be due to instinct and are suspected of being the outcome of an inborn pattern of behavior．Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five．21．The passage implies that beavers prefer to build their home in_____.A．deep water B．shallow waterC．rivers rather than pond D．1akes rather than rivers22．The word “ elements ” in Paragraph 2 means_____.A．natural habitations for animalsB．environment natural to an individualC．atmospheric forces as rain, wind or snowD．substances as earth, water, air and fire23．The sentence “F rom an engineering point of view the lodge could hardly be improved ”means___．A．the lodge was too poor to improveB．the lodge was left much to improveC．the lodge was nearly perfectD．it is easy to improve the lodge24．Beavers fell trees mainly to___．A．build dams B．build their lodgesC．gain food D．exercise their jaws25．Which of the following statements is best to describe beavers?A．They are clever animals and learn quickly．8B．They are more intelligent than other animals．C．Many of their skills are developed in late life．D．Many of their skills are inborn capabilities．Ⅱ．Vocabulary.(10 points, 1 point for each)Directions：Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below．The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is．Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet．Camps are either temporary，that is changed from day to day，or they are permanent and may be visited year after year，or they may be used for a few weeks at a time. Temporary camps are the ones we are considering，and these can be elaborate or very，very simple．I prefer the latter，and I am sure the boys will agree with me．During the autumn and when the weather is dry and the nights not too cool, the best way to camp is in the open，sleeping on beds of boughs，about a roaring fire，and with one blanket under and another over．Small dog tents，like the ones our soldiers carried in the Civil War, are cheap and very convenient. Each man carried a section，and two made a tent, into which two men crawled when it rained，but in dry weather they preferred to sleep in the open，even when it was freezing．Shelters of boughs，arranged in an A-formed fashion from a ridge pole make good temporary shelters and are first rate as wind breaks at night．A shack built of crossed logs requires some time to build and some skill to make，but it is not beyond the reach of any boy who has seen—and who has not—an old-fashioned log shanty．26.not lasting(Para.1)plicated (Para.1)28.making a loud sound (Para.2)29.bed covering (Para.2)30.moved with the body close to the ground (Para.3)31.held above other things (Para.3)32.terribly cold (Para.3)33.a long rounded piece of wood (Para.4)34.outside the limits (Para.5)35.a roughly-built house like a shack (Para.5)Ⅲ.Summarization.(20 points,2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase9or sentence. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneHigh salaries in the electricity, telecommunications and other monopoly industries have drawn strong criticism in China, where the Gini coefficient, now stands at 0.46, exceeding the internationally recognized alarm level of 0.45. So China is considering cutting wages in monopoly industries to reduce the country’s widening income gap. A draft directive document has been worked out for this purpose.36.The need to n ____the income gap.Paragraph TwoThrough operating remote controls and TV sets, people can log onto the Internet, send and receive E-mails, order dishes, and transfer accounts. They can choose different watching angles and show supports to particular teams while watching televised football games. Of course these services are not free. Experts say pay-TV is a little different with digital TV, but both stand for the developing trend of China’s television industry.37.The e_____ of pay-TV.Paragraph ThreeThis new kind of website is known as a“weblog ”,or “ bolg ”.A weblog is an online journal, typically consisting of a personal diary or social and political commentary ,sometimes with replies from readers. Blogs have common elements:updated frequently(usually daily); informal; grouped by date with links to archives of older posts.38.The passage talks about w_____.Paragraph FourA fashionable word in English these days is YAHOO, a word popularized by the Internet search engine carrying the same name. The original“yahoos”were quite different. They were the nasty, brutish, short and subhuman savages described in the Gulliver’s Travels.Today they are die-hard fans of the home team of any sport or sport enthusiasts who can’t help loving the home team.39.How did the w____ yahoo come?Paragraph FiveOn your interview day, you should arrive at least half an hour earlier. Tell the secretary at the reception desk about your arranged interview as soon as you get there, and wait in the lounge just to relax. But while waiting, watch your posture. When your name is called, let your interviewer see a candidate full of confidence and ready for nothing else but the interview.40.T_____for interviewees.Paragraph Six10A BMW is designed to bring confidence and joy to every moment you spend behind the wheel. Over the vast blanket of hard-packed snow and ice during the winter months, to respond with lightning accuracy in each of these situations may be impossible for a human driver, but not for a BMW equipped with All Season Traction.41.Gua antee of s____ for BMW drivers.Paragraph Seven“There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university ,”wrote John Mansfield in his tribute to English universities—and his words are equally true today. He admired the splendid beauty of the university, he said, because it was “a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see.”42.The paragraph is about the u____ education.Paragraph EightConsumers of electricity usually accept the fact that power cuts frequently occur during thunderstorms. If outages(电力中断)occur on a sunny day, consumers will blame the power company. However, most outages occur due to circumstances beyond the power company’s control. Animals with the ability to reach the top of power poles can knock out power of many houses.43.There are many c_____ for power failure.Paragraph NineA poll was taken recently surveying twelve hundred adults in the United States to find out what they considered important in their lives. Ninety-six percent said that having a good family life was important. Ninety-five percent said that using their mind and abilities was important, which marks a shift in the type of work from physical labor to mental skills. 44.People’s v_____ towards life.Paragraph TenSome people feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Many notice their anxiety but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some try to hide their nervousness; some become aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes.45.Different r____ to tension when flying.Ⅳ.Translation.(20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over.(46) Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man’s lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed. For man is slowly11poisoning his environment.Pollution is a “dirty”word. To pollute means to contaminate—to spoil something by introducing impurities which make it unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, taste it, drink it ,and stumble through it.(47) We literally live in pollution, and, not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our very civilization.Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog—the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life function.Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By dumping sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the ocean, too, killing the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply.(48) Part of the problem is our exploding population. More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away”technology. Each year Americans dispose of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper,25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95% of its parts may still be functioning. Soon we will wear clothing made of paper:“Wear it once and throw it away,”will be the slogan of the fashion-conscious.(49)Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.Take the problem of discarded cars, for instance. They are too bulky to ship as scrap to a steel mill. They must first be flattened. This is done in a giant compressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally strong bricks that are used in buildings and bridges.What about water pollution? More and more cities are building sewage-treatment plants.(50) Instead of being dumped into a nearby river or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to agiant tank where the water is separated from the solid waste material. The solid material is converted into fertilizer. The sludge can also be made into bricks.12。
2006教育硕士 英语二 真题及答案
2006年Section I Use of English (20 minutes, 10%) Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank from A, B, C or D.With its common interest in lawbreaking but its extremely large range of subject matter and widely varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a reasonable 1 to be regarded as a separate branch of literature. The detective story is probably the most 2 of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university teachers, 3 economists, scientists or even poets. 4 may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, 5 the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not 6 our own experience, at 7 in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, 8 normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and 9 as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more 10 environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, 11 to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are 12 in providing reasonably true background. The 13 , carefully-assembled plot, disliked by the modern intellectual 14 and creators of significant novels’, has found 15 in the murder mystery, with a small number of clues and apparent 16 , all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. 17 the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly take great delight in the 18 of evil by a vaguely superhuman detective, who sees through and disperses the 19 of suspicion which stayed so unjustly over the 20 .01. [A] plea [B] appeal [C] claim [D] assertion02. [A] acceptable [B] respectable [C] debatable [D] vulnerable03. [A] literary [B] curious [C] sensible [D] observant04. [A] Schemes [B] Assassinations [C] Mysteries [D] Misfortunes05. [A] and [B] but [C] as [D] for06. [A] by [B] in [C] from [D] with07. [A] last [B] best [C] most [D] least08. [A] if [B] when [C] most [D] least09. [A] consistent [B] insistent [C] persistent [D] competent10. [A] strange [B] remote [C] primitive [D] mysterious11. [A] attracts [B] accords [C] appeals [D] applies12. [A] conscious [B] ambitious [C] industrious [D] conscientious13. [A] elaborate [B] accurate [C] considerate [D] deliberate14. [A] authors [B] critics [C] novelists [D] spectators15. [A] flaw [B] trouble [C] refuge [D] evidence16. [A] contradictions [B] probabilities [C] implications [D] impossibilities17. [A] With [B] For [C] Despite [D] Without18. [A] unveiling [B] unmasking [C] unwitting [D] unpacking19. [A] fog [B] mist [C] shade [D] cloud20. [A] victim [B] suspect [C] innocent [D] accusedSection II Reading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%Part AVirtue is not so much a matter of learning specific rules or principles as it is one of developing special skills of exercising one's capacity for right action. Since "virtue" can mean both "moral goodness" and "successful or excellent action," comment regarding the teaching of virtue must apply to both senses or uses of the term, narrow or broad. Both are matters of human action or activity and, as such, are taught performatively.That virtue is taught and learned performatively has something to do with the normative quality of human action or activity. Norms are ways of doing something, getting something done, which are taught by doing and showing how to do. Being normative, however, human actions can go wrong. As Stanley Cavell wrote: "The most characteristic facts about actions is that they can be performed incorrectly. This is not a moral assertion, though it points the moral of intelligent activity. These are actions which we perform, and our successful performance of them depends upon our adopting and following the ways in which the action in question is done and upon what is normative for it." Thus, in talking about virtue, we are talking about normative matters, matters taught and learned in terms of unsuccessful human action. As such, we are speaking about the cultivation of human skills and practices, human ways of acting in this world.Whether virtue is narrowly or broadly understood, the teaching of virtue is the teaching of a skill within a practice of form of life, the training of a capacity, not the memorization of rules or guidelines. Virtue is embodied in action; accordingly, our knowledge of virtue is a kind of performative knowledge ---- both knowledge acquired through action and knowledge expressed or revealed in action. Our knowledge of virtue is not, then, a matter of prepositional knowledge, but rather a matter of performative knowledge. This helps account for our relative inability to define what virtue is with any assurance. Knowing what virtue is, is not the same as knowing what some kind of object is, because virtue is not an object. And since so much of Western thought uses our knowledge of objects as the paradigm of knowledge, any kind of knowledge that does not fit the model is apt to seem not quite or fully knowledge at all. Hence, an inability to articulate the meaning of virtue is not a sign of the lack of knowledge of virtue. Instead, it is a part of the grammar of virtue: it shows what kind of thing virtue is.21. The broad definition of virtue differs from the narrow one in its[A] dealing with cultural norms. [B] ruling out physical activities.[C] comprising the skillful teaching. [D] involving more than moral honesty.22. The author would depict the view that some human actions are morally non-normative as[A] logically persuasive. [B] profoundly mistaken.[C] reasonable and practical. [D] ambiguous and misleading.23. Which of the following statements about norms would the author support?[A] Most of them are the result of persistent teaching.[B] They are derived from specific rules for behavior.[C] They are essential to the acquisition of virtue.[D] Many of them are sound principles of action.24. The author argues that teachers of virtue strive primarily to pass on[A] practical capabilities. [B] cultural conventions.[C] favorable experiences. [D] traditional principles.25. It would serve as an example for the "prepositional knowledge" (Par. 3) to[A] experiment on a trial and error basis.[B] learn diverse philosophical definitions.[C] practice virtue by imitating moral actions.[D] advance arguments without enough evidence.26. The text is chiefly aimed at[A] revealing diverse attitudes toward virtue.[B] insisting on the value of capacity training.[C] arguing for the essence of virtue instruction.[D] providing approaches to the teaching of virtue.Part BYou are going to read an extract about sign language. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from Paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (27-32). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to usSign LanguageSince most deaf children have heating parents and thus do not learn ASL (American Sign Language) at home, they normally learn it from the other deaf children when they get to school. However, the minority of deaf children with deaf parents learn ASL under conditions similar to those of heating children learning spoken language.27As mentioned earlier, deaf children engage in making soft sounds as much as do hearing children. However, it has been claimed that babbling falls off in deaf children after six months, presumably due to the lack of auditory feedback. It has also been claimed that mirrors hung over the cribs of deaf babies prolong and increase their vocalization28The first word (sign) generally appears sooner in ASL than in speaking children. The first sign has been reported as being at 5 or 6 months, ‘compared with 10 months in normal children. Two-sign utterances have been reported in children as young as eight months. Two reasons for such early acquisition have been given. One is the nature of many signs.29The first signs appear to be of the same types that have been reported for acquisition of vocal language ---- for example, signs for things that move or that can be handled by the child.30Children sometimes will make the sign in the wrong orientation. For example, the sign meaning "shoes" is made by bringing the two fists together, making contact at the side of the hands. One child brought the fists together so that the knuckles made contact instead. Or they might bring the hand, palm downward to the bottom of thechin and wiggling the fingers. One child made it by putting the hand in the mouth instead. Or they might use the wrong hand shape.31Just as one can argue that there are phonological-like errors, so there are similarities in how children alter the meaning of words. In one area of the acquisition of meaning, one would suspect that deaf children would find it easier than hearing children. This is the acquisition of the signs corresponding to the personal pronouns me and you. One would expect deaf children learning ASL not to have any problems with these pronouns, because "me" is expressed by pointing to oneself and "you" is expressed by pointing to the person or persons being talked to. Thus ASL uses the obvious natural gestures. Yet deaf parents sign utterances such as Want Mommy help Jane? Instead of Want me help you? Just as hearing parents do in spoken languages.32[A] There are many different sign languages, which in general are no more intelligible to a user of another sign language than a French speaker would be to a monolingual English speaker. However, experienced deaf travelers can establish communication with users of other sign languages much more easily than can speakers of two oral languages. Deaf people accomplish this by using gestures and mime along with their signs.[B] Phonological mistakes generally involve simplification, such as dropping phonemes from the word or making phonemes within a word more like each other. Of the four aspects of signs, it is logically impossible to leave one out. Although not as extensive as in the case of phonology, there is some evidence of this. Specifically, of18 different hand shapes used in making signs to one child, he always used only 9.[C] The manual equivalent of babbling, at 3 to 10 months, has been reported. The manual equivalents of happy sounds begin at a younger age, but one cannot say that there is a difference here, because all infants wave their arms about. Should this be considered making a sound? Perhaps if there were statistical evidence that infants of deaf parents wave their arms more than similarly age infants of hearing parents one could argue that this excess was making soft sound.[D] Just as the first vocal words are pronounced inaccurately, so the first signs are less than perfect imitations of the adult version. There are four major aspects to the making of any ASL sign: the shape of the hand, the location of the hand, the movement of the hand, and the orientation of the hand. Children first learning ASL will generally get some of these aspects right but make mistakes on others.[E] The ASL signs meaning "cry", "drink", "eat" and "sleep" all resemble the actual actions and thus can be figured out and used by children at an earlier age, so the argument goes. The other reason involves the relative rates of maturation of neuromuscular control of the hands and of the vocal apparatus. After all normal children often begin to comprehend words four months before they begin to speak. [F] A number of such children have been studied for the purposes of comparing ASL acquisition with that of spoken language. In most respects acquisition of ASL parallels that of spoken language, but there are some slight differences, as we shall see.[G] The deaf parents do this because they know that deaf children make the samecomprehension errors, mixing up the pronouns, that hearing children do. Deaf children learning sign language apparently acquire it as an arbitrary signal system, just as hearing children acquire speech. It may be true that infants acquire their first signs sooner because the nature of ASL, but once the acquisition process starts, the nature of signs doesn't seem to help as much as one might expect.Part CYou are going to read a passage about the how to give an academic talk. Choose from the list of headings A-G, choose the best one to summarize each paragraph (33-38) of the passage. There is one extra heading that you do not need to use.How to Give an Academic Talk33Written academic language is too complex and too awkward for reading aloud. Just talk ---- it's easier to understand, and it allows you to make genuine contact with your audience. Furthermore, it ultimately helps you to think more clearly, by forcing you to communicate your points in ordinary terms. While you are talking, stand up unless you're literally forced to sit. People can see you better. Standing also puts you in a dominant position. This may sound politically incorrect, but it's not. Remember, you're the focus. The audience wants you to be in charge. Listeners need your help to maintain their attention.34Speak loudly and clearly, facing the audience. Make sure, especially when using visual aids, that you continue to face the audience when you speak. An important element of vocal technique is to focus on the bottom (the deepest pitch) of your vocal range, which is its loudest and most authoritative tone. This can be especially important for women. Speak from the gut, not the throat. Breathe deeply ---- it's necessary for volume, and will also help you keep your mind clear. Here are two effective vocal "special effects." First, when you come to a key phrase that you want people to remember, repeat it. Second, pause for a few seconds at several points in your talk; this breaks the monotony of a continuous flow of speech. It also gives you a chance to sip some water.35In a conference situation, where talks are short and yours is one of many, your audience is not going to remember details. In such a situation, less is more. Give them short, striking "punch lines" that they'll remember. They can always read your written work later, but if you don't get them interested and show them why it's important, they won't want to.36At a minimum, have an outline of your talk. Some people seem to think they're giving everything away by showing people what they're going to say before they're said it. But the effect of a good talk outline is exactly the opposite: it makes your audience want to hear the details. At the same time, it helps them understand the structure of your thinking. Slides should be extremely concise and visually simple. Slides are maps, not territories; they are tracking devices that let both you and your audience follow the flow of the talk. So they must not be overfilled.37In conference settings, exceeding your time limit is also incredibly rude, since it cuts into other speakers' time to speak and/or other people's time to discuss. Don't rely on panel chairs to enforce time limits; do it yourself. You can make real enemies by insisting on continuing after your time is up--but nobody has ever been criticized for finishing two minutes early. Nothing is more embarrassing ---- for both you and your audience ---- than getting only halfway through your talk before hitting the time limit. The only way to be sure you time things right is to rehearse your talk. Timing is a complicated, learned skill that requires a lot of practice--so practice where it's easy, i.e. at home.38Perhaps the best way to become an excellent speaker yourself is to watch really good, experienced speakers and model your talks on theirs. Notice/not just what they say, but what they do: how they move, how they use their voices, how they look at the audience, how they handle timing and questions. If you find an excellent model and work hard to imitate that person, you can't go wrong.A Imitate excellent speakersB Focus on main argumentsC Make the best of your voiceD Respond to the audienceE Talk rather than readF Time your talk wiselyG Use visual aidPart D You are going to read a passage about research on L2 writing. Decide whether the statement in the box agree with the information given in the passage. You should choose from the following:A YES = the statement agrees with the information in the passageB NO = the statement contradicts the information in the passageC NOT GIVEN = there is no information on this in the passage.As a teacher of L2 writing for many years, I had puzzled over how my students were learning to write and correspondingly how I could improve my pedagogy. While teaching writing (and reading) in an intensive preparatory program in a Turkish university, I had taken a current-traditional rhetoric approach, stressing the arrangement of sentences and paragraphs into appropriate patterns within the traditional five-paragraph essay and correcting liberally with red ink to prevent, I had hoped, grammatical errors from taking root. In addition, I had read various composition theories pointing out differences between "good" and "not so good" writing and strategies, and had attempted to "transmit" them to my students. These theories offered only descriptions of what experienced and inexperienced writers did. They did not explain how new writers became good writers, nor did they offer me the critical edge I needed to analyze my teaching practice. After all, most students do improve their writing with sufficient study and practice. Were they improving because of my teaching practice? Because of their own practice? A mix of the two?My quest to answer these questions began with returning to the U. S. to pursue a doctorate degree in foreign language education. Among the courses I took, several dealt with writing, and I studied the research on composition in school and in the workplace. Most of the research focused on process, product, or socializationdescribing differences between "good" writers and "novices," between native-speaker products and those of non-native speakers, and between newcomers and oldtimers in the workplace or a discipline.This research did not, however, address the nature of learning. Even the process research did not consider the processes of learning to write. Rather, it studied differences between experts and beginners. It analyzed what experts do and asked new writers to try to do the same, a sort of Here you are and There you need to be approach that notes the two ends but does not map out the crucial path of processes connecting them and through which good writers acquired their expertise. To link the two ends and evaluate pedagogy critically, I felt it necessary to attend more directly to the nature of learning. In fields other than writing, I came across current theories that did address the nature of learning. Three of these were radical constructivism, sociocultural theory, and complexity theory. The first two are prominent in educational research (even dominant in the fields of science and mathematics educational research ), and the third, although not yet widespread, has its adherents across both social and natural sciences. Nevertheless, they are not well known in L2 research, and much less inI2 composition research. Only a few articles have appeared explicitly addressing radical constructivism in the L2 literature, and although some L2 writing studies have taken approaches fitting together with it, a review of the table of contents of the Journal of Second Language Writing for the past eight years emphasizes most researchers' concern with text, strategies, and skills rather than the process of learning to construct texts and to acquire strategies, skills, and an understanding of writing in a foreign language.39 The author had difficulty in improving his students' writing competence.40 The author corrected the students' writing with red ink because there were too many errors.41 The author did not think the theories he had read met his needs.42 The author took some writing courses when returning to the U. S.43 The process research failed to find out how students could become expert writers.44 There is a need to combine process and product research45 There are theories that could account for the real process ofSection III Translation (20 minutes, 20%)The act of teaching is always a dynamic interaction of individuals (teachers and teachers, teachers and learners, learners and learners), in which decisions constantly are being made by all concerned. We believe that teaching must be deliberate and planned.Not all of the decisions are made as the result of systematic and organized planning. Sometimes the choices are made intuitively. The use of intuition in teaching is quite prevalent. Many choices must be made intuitively because the rapid pace of classroom learning demands instant decision-making. In these instances, teachers depend on experience and quick thinking to provide the most appropriate instructional technique. [46] We may assume that the intuition of the experienced teacher is likely to be superior to that of the beginner, and that it is like an opinion in that its usefulnessis dependent on the experiential background on which it is based. Yet, in many cases, teachers depend on intuition when systematic and organized planning would be more appropriate. For example, a teacher may believe that a new activity ought to be offered in the school setting, so a particular course of action is taken. [47] Sometimes these intuitions prove to be right and the results are beneficial to the students, but sometimes they are not effective or are inappropriate for the needs of the learners.Intuition as a sole guide to instructional behavior represents a very limited view of the teaching process. [48] Like the proposition that "good teachers are born, not made," the use of intuition alone restricts teachers from considering teaching as both science and art, which negates the development of a systematic planning pattern from which rational and consistent decisions can be made. It implies that intuition is the beginning and end of instructional effectiveness, rather than one aspect of the teaching process.[49] Too often the teacher who relies exclusively on intuition determines objectives and selects procedures that are more reflective of instructor needs than student needs. Thus if a teacher feels like lecturing, a lecture is delivered. If a teacher feels like showing a film, a film it is! Few of us would tolerate this mode of operation in arenas outside the realm of education. [50] Consider for a minute how much confidence you would place in a bus driver who repeatedly changed the bus route because of a belief that such changes were inherently good and relieved both the driver and the riders of boredomSection I 01. CBADB 06. CDDAB 11. CDABC 16. DABDCSection II Part A 21 D B D A B C Part B 27 F C E D B G Part C 33 E C B GF A Part D39 C B A B A C A46 我们可以认定有经验教师的直觉可能比新教师的直觉优越 直觉像是一种想法 因为它是否有效取决于它赖以存在的经验背景。
2006年考研英语二真题和答案
2006年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary （10 points ）Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence Then blacken thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. In some countries girls are still_____ of a good education.A. denied.B. declinedC. derivedD. deprived2. As the years passed, the memories of her childhood______ away.A. fadedB. disappearedC. flashedD. fired3. Brierley’s book has the________ of being both informative and readable.A. inspirationB. requirementsC. mythD. merit4. If I have any comments to make, I’ll write them in the ______of the book I’m readingA. edgeB. pageC. marginD. side5. My ________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat.A. consciousnessB. consequenceC. constitutionD. conscience6. When the post fell _______, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.A. emptyB. vacantC. hollowD. bare7. Mother who takes care of everybody is usually the most _________person in each family.A. considerateB. considerableC. consideringD. constant8. For ten years the Greeks _______the city of Troy to separate it from the outside.A. capturedB. occupiedC. destroyedD. surrounded9. Other guests at yesterday's opening, which was broadcast______ by the radio station, includedAnne Mclntosh and the Mayor.A. liveB. aliveC. livingD. lively10.A New Zealand man was recently _____ to life imprisonment for the murder of an Englishtourist, Monica Cantwell.A. punishedB. accusedC. sentencedD. put11.The past 22 years have really been amazing, and every prediction we've made aboutimprovements have all come____A. trulyB. trueC. truthD. truthful12.The teachers tried to ______these students that they could solve the complicated problem,however, they just didn’t see the point.A. convinceB. encourageC. consultD. concern13.I'm _________ to think that most children would like their teachers to be their friends ratherthan their commanders.A. subjectedB. supposedC. declinedD. inclined14. She is under the impression that he isn’t a ________ person for he wouldn’t tell her wher when he went to university.A. geniusB. generousC. genuineD. genetic15. The first glasses of Coca-Cola were drunk in 1886. The drink was first _____by a US chemistcalled John PembertonA. formedB. madeC. foundD. done16.These two chemicals ______with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.A. interactB. attractC. reactD. expel17. ________they can get people in the organization to do what must he done, they will not succeed.A. SinceB. UnlessC. IfD. Whether18. Once you have started a job, you should do it__________.A. in practiceB. in theoryC. in earnestD. in a hurry19. Although the new library service has been very successful, its future is ______certain.A. at any rateB. by no meansC. by all meansD. at any cost20.To my surprise, at yesterday's meeting he again ________the plan that had been disapproved a week before.A. brought aboutB. brought outC. brought upD. brought downSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWET SHEET with a pencil. Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices, 21 that businesses were still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.The Producer Price Index, 23 measures what producers receive for goods and services,24 1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding 26 and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent, 27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had 28 .Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were 31 0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices 34 0.3 percent in July. 35 July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent, the core rate 36 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995.Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion, which started 39 the end of 2001, that has not been the 40 . In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products21. A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated22. A. of B. to C. by D. from23. A. that B. which C. it D. this24. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. raised25.A. that B. what C. which D. this26. A. food B. grain C. crop D. diet27. A. less B. lower C. higher D. more28. A. said B. reported C. calculated D. forecast29. A. expectable B. unexpected C. expectation D. expecting30. A. prices B. costs C. charges D. values31. A. down B. from C. to D. up32. A. Much B. Most C. Most of D. Much of33. A. was B. were C. is D. are34. A. fall B. fell C. falls D. has fallen35. A. Comparing with B. In comparison C. Compared with D. Compare to36. A. dropped B. declined C. lifted D. climbed37. A. as B. so C. while D. when38. A. And B. But C. Yet D. Still39. A. at B. by C. in D. to40. A. condition B. situation C. matter D. caseSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4passages in this part. Each passage os followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marded A, B, C, and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation (计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while 57,000 secretarialjobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their：“secretaries”in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68,000. And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are beingreplaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growingpositions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician,earning about $ 64,000 per year. Of course, if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years,and you find yourself replaced by an E¬-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰)to know that the telecomm field is booming.And that's just it: The service economy is fading; welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but oneof the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---de mand at least a bachelor’s degree. For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书),It's going to get tougher to find a well-payingjob. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available, what's left will be the jobs that compumation can’t kill: Computers can’t clean offices ,or care for Alzheimer's patients(老年痴呆病人). But ,since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfullylow ,meaning compumation could drive an even deeper wedge (楔子) between the rich and poor.The best advice now: Never stop learning ,and keep up with new technology.For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that's reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled , and it’s gaining credibility with employers.Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer ? Check the federal Bureau of LaborStatistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.41、From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT.A. secretariesB. stock clerksC. managersD. wholesalers42、In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector toA. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fieldB. show he is too old to shift to a new positionC. console him on having been replaced by a machineD. blame the PC for his unemployment43.By saying “┅compumation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor ”(line 5, Para. 4) the author meansA. people are getting richer and richerB. there will be a small gap between rich and poorC. the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerD. it’s time to close up the gap between the rich and poor44、What is the author's attitude towards computers?A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. prejudiced45、Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage?A. Blaming the PCB. The booming telecomm fieldC. Internet distance leaningD. Keeping up with compumationQuestion 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates .Their validitywill be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate(半文盲)Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational –repair shops—adult–literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduatesand high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school, They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump cardof failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Until Mrs. Stifter.Our son was high-school senior when he had her for English. ―He sits in the back of the roomrow? ‖ I urged, believing talking to his friends.‖ she told me, ―Why don't you move him to the frontthe embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, 'I don't move seniors. I flunk (使┅不及格) them. ' Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for thesed my son.times, but, well, Why n ot? ―She's going to flunk you.‖ I tolI did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority (头等重要) in his life. Hefinished out the semester with an A.I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angryfor having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of averageIintelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.‖ should have been held back,‖ is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are thosestudents whoare high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class.‖ I don’t know how I ever got high-school diploma.‖ Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expectgraduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if theycome from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school firston their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated bythe desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear offailure.People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Youngpeople generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult studentsvalue it. But fear of failure can motivate both.46.What is the subject of this essay?A. view point on learningB. a qualified teacherC. the importance of examinationD. the generation gap47.How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?A. flunking himB. moving his seatC. blaming himD. playing card with him48.The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is toA. purify the teaching environments .B. set up cooperation between teachers and parents.C. hold back student.D. motivate student.49. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors’ attitude toward flunking isA. negativeB. positiveC. biasedD. indifferent50. Judging from the content, this passage is probably written forA. administratorsB. studentsC. teachersD. parentsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. Ascolleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want orreflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College ofNew Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to studentsfrom throughout the state.―All I hear in higher education is, Brand, brand, brand,‖ said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago thatworks with universities and other nonprofit organizations. ―There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.‖ Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course . In 1997 , the New School for SocialResearch became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges,offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music ,urban studies and management. But NewYorkers continued to call it the New School .Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s crhas come upof ―naming structures.‖―brand architecture‖ and ― identity systems,‖ the universitywith a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos (标识)，banners,business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the NewSchool.”Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. Inaltering its name from Cal State. Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project itsexpanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University atPucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduateprograms and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break theconnection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some joke s about the college’s old nameon late-night television and ―morning zoo‖ radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. AtArcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student's test score has increased by 60points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.51. which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A. They prefer higher education competitionB. They try to gain advantage in market share.C. They want to project their image.D. They hope to make some changes.52. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade isA. the brand.B. the college namesC. the concept of marketingD. list of majors.53.The phrase ' come up with'(Line 3, Para. 4) probably meansA. catch up withB. deal withC. put forwardD. come to the realization54 The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the universityA. is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC. prefers to reform its reaching programsD. expects to enlarge its campus55.According to the spokeswoman, the name change of Beaver CollegeA. turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has transformed its statusQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:It looked just like another aircraft from the outside .The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.Inside, the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling ,it looked a bit strange. There were almost no windows, but lights along the padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency .The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.For the next two hours, the flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lose its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth. The invention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut our and we became weightless. Everything became confused and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet. Then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments, the predominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat.56、What did the writer say about the plane?.A、It had no seats.B、It was painted white.C、It had no windows.D、The outside was misleading.57、According to the writer ，how did the young scientists feel before the flight？A、sickB、keenC、nervousD、impatient58、what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off？A、He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.B、He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.C、He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.D、He climbed and then made the plane turn over.59.Acoording to the passage, the purpose of being weightless was toA. see what conditions are like in spaceB. prepare the young scientists for future work in spaceC. show the judges of the competition what they could doD. make the teams try out their ideas60.this passage was written toA. encourage young people to take up scienceB. describe the process of a scientific competitionC. show scientists what young people can doD. report on a new scientific techniqueSection IV Translation (20 point)Directions: in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETThe smooth landing of shuttle (航天飞机) Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one: the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed.(61) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing toguess how long that may take .The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects. (62) Space officials were justifiably happy that so muchhad gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft. (63) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit. (64) New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable .A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.(65).The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage was clearly tolerable. A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin-the first of its kind- moved anastronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand. Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.Section V Writing (20 points)Directions: in this section .you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes .You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.参考答案：词汇：1——5 D A D C D 6——10 B A D A C11——15 B B D A B16——20 A B C B C 完型填空：21——25 C D B C B26——30 A C D B A31——35 D D A B C36——40 D A C A D阅读理解：41——45 C B C A D 46——50 A A D B C51——55 A C C A C 56——60 A C A D A61）航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决办法。
2006年考研英语真题及参考答案完整版
2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及参考答案完整版Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people__3__ independence the federal government must support job training programs __4__ the minimum wage and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal governmen t’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.__11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others __14__ not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts __19__ it “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democ ratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media advertising and sports a re other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neit her at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890 9.2 for every 1000. Now consider three indices of assimilation -- language home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the descxxxxription of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon as we all know has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers the RSC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive.Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent oc cupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most at tractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3 Paragraph 4) the author implies that________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large slow-growing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baxxxxseline which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the “shifting baxxxxseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. W orm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baxxxxseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baxxxxseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless phony or worst of all b oring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason in fact may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all what is the one modern form of exxxxxpression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young. In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. Fast-food eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need art to tell us as religion once did Memento mori: remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “bummer” (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author’s opinion advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deathsPart BDirections:In the following article some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville Ind. home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning $35000 a year lost approximately $175000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him as a good customer a "Fun Card" which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat docked at 5 a.m.then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Menta l Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charges that the casino knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented the casino’s marketing department continued to pepp er him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost $5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit. One night he won $5500 but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they not America who have become anti-intellectual. First the obxxxxject of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47)）His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist for one. 48）I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports. 49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This descxxxxription even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing living in "public and illustrious thoughts” as Emerson would say is something else.Section IIIWritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(二)
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（二）第一部分: 听力(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共5小题, 每题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean?A. The man shouldn't expect her to go along.B. She'll go even though the movie is bad.C. The man should count the number of people going.2.On what day of the week will the magazine arrive?A. TuesdayB. WednesdayC. Thursday3. What is the man probably going to do after graduation?A. He will become a teacher.B. He will become a lawyer.C. He has not decided yet.4.How much will it cost the man and one of his friends to join the Club?A. $450B. $225C. $2705. Who is the man?A. A policemanB. A customs officerC. A porter第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
06年10月综合英语（二）模拟题（六）
Passage 2 Every country has its share of the odd beliefs that we call superstitions. And of all the subjects that superstitions have been built around， the most outstanding is salt. The properties of salt have puzzled people everywhere. Today we know its chemical nature. We know why salt can help to thaw snow or to freeze ice cream. But early man did not have this knowledge. He looked on salt as magic. As magic， it had the power to do good or evil. Man probably first noticed salt when he saw animals near a salt lick. When he tried some， it tasted good. Then he found out that salt could keep food from spoiling. He began to imagine that it could protect him as well. He valued salt for both its magical and its chemical properties. In those days salt was scarce in some places. It was too precious to be wasted. So there was a sensible reason for being careful not to spill salt. Spilling salt was indeed an unlucky accident. Superstition gave another meaning to the same accident. Early man was sure that the good spirit guarding him had caused him to spill the salt. It was a warning of evil near him. Good spirits were thought to live on the right side of the body；bad spirits were on the left. So early man threw a pinch of salt over his left shoulder. The salt was a bribe to the spirits that planned to harm him. To many people， spilling salt meant sadness. This superstition arose because tears are salty. An old belief in Norway is that enough tears must be shed to dissolve the salt that is spilled. And there is an old saying， “Help me to salt， help me to sorrow.” Faith in the magic of salt explains another old belief. People thought it was easy to catch a bird if its tail feathers were salted. Not long ago a report seemed to show there was some truth in this belief. Birds flying close enough to the Great Salt Lake in the United States were said to be easily captured. But the cause is not the magic power of salt. It is the weight of salt on their wings that keeps the birds from flying away. The properties of salt gave rise to other beliefs about it . Salt itself lasts， it helps to preserve food. So men thought it was much like friendship. Many old customs link salt with friendship. Salt is often given as a present to a friend in his new home. In ancient Greece， a stranger was welcomed by having a pinch of salt placed in his right hand. In the East， salt was put in front of strangers as a pledge of goodwill. In Hungary， people sprinkle the threshold of a new house with salt. When this is done，no witch or evil thing will enter the house. We know today that salt is needed for good health. In Ancient times the Greeks and Romans thought that the salt in seawater made the water pure. So they worshipped a goddess of salt. She was the goddess of health. In her name， salt was placed on the tongue of a child at birth. This act was thought to make sure of long life， good health， and protection for him. The custom is still followed in some places. Old beliefs about salt have not all disappeared， and some “salty” words and expressions are still part of our speech. The word salary has come to us from times when salt was scarce. Roman soldiers， officials， and working people were often paid with salt. That pay was called salarium， which came from the word for salt， sal. Salarium meant salt money. We also use the expression “He’s not worth his salt. ” To praise a person，we might say： “He’s the salt of the earth.” Most people today do not allow superstitions to rule their actions. We know that these very old beliefs are not likely to be based on facts. But they show that early man， like man today， was trying to understand the world about him. 56.Early man looked on salt as magic because _________. A.he was fond of its unusual good taste B.he was ignorant of its chemical properties C.he discovered seawater was salty D.he discovered its deposits were rich 57.After spilling salt， a superstitious person would ________. A.wash the spilled salt away B.eat the spilled salt up C.throw a pinch of salt over the left shoulder D.throw a pinch of salt over the right shoulder 58.Birds near the Great Salt Lake are easily caught. This _________. A.confirms that salt is precious B.proves that an old superstition is true C.is because of the salt they have taken in D.is due to the salt weight on their wings 59.Strangers who received salt from their hosts ________.A.felt that they were safeB.kept the present for goodC.seasoned their food with itD.sprinkled the threshold with it 60.A person said to be the “salt of the earth” is ________.A.highly thought ofB.not worth his salaryC.healthy and energeticD.ruled by superstitions。
2006年考研英语二真题和答案
2006年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIVocabulary〔10points〕Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreachsentencetherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceThenblackenthe correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.1.Insomecountriesgirlsarestill_____ofagoodeducation.A.denied.B.declinedC.derivedD.deprived2.Astheyearspassed,thememoriesofherchildhood______away.A.fadedB.disappearedC.flashedD.fired3.Brierley’sbookhasthe________ofbeingbothinformativeandreadable.A.inspirationB.requirementsC.mythD.merit4.IfIhaveanycommentstomake,I’llwritetheminthe______ofthebookI’mreadingA.edgeB.pageC.marginD.side5.My________wouldreallytroublemeifIworeafurcoat.A.consciousnessB.consequenceC.constitutionD.conscience6.Whenthepostfell_______,DennisBasswasappointedtofillit.A.emptyB.vacantC.hollowD.bare7.Motherwhotakescareofeverybodyisusuallythemost_________personineachfamily.A.considerateB.considerableC.consideringD.constant8.FortenyearstheGreeks_______thecityofTroytoseparateitfromtheoutside.A.capturedB.occupiedC.destroyedD.surrounded9.Otherguestsatyesterday'sopening,whichwasbroadcast______bytheradiostation,included AnneMclntoshandtheMayor.A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively10.ANewZealandmanwasrecently_____tolifeimprisonmentforthemurderofanEnglish tourist,MonicaCantwell.A.punishedB.accusedC.sentencedD.put11.Thepast22yearshavereallybeenamazing,andeverypredictionwe'vemadeabout improvementshaveallcome____A.trulyB.trueC.truthD.truthful12.Theteacherstriedto______thesestudentsthattheycouldsolvethecomplicatedproblem, however,theyjustdidn’tseethepoint.A.convinceB.encourageC.consultD.concern13.I'm_________tothinkthatmostchildrenwouldliketheirteacherstobetheirfriendsrather thantheircommanders.A.subjectedB.supposedC.declinedD.inclined14.Sheisundertheimpressionthatheisn’ta________personforhewouldn’ttellherwher whenhewenttouniversity.A.geniusB.generousC.genuineD.genetic15.ThefirstglassesofCoca-Colaweredrunkin1886.Thedrinkwasfirst_____byaUSchemist calledJohnPembertonA.formedB.madeC.foundD.done16.Thesetwochemicals______witheachotheratacertaintemperaturetoproduceasubstance whichcouldcauseanexplosion.A.interactB.attractC.reactD.expel17.________theycangetpeopleintheorganizationtodowhatmusthedone,theywillnot succeed.A.SinceB.UnlessC.IfD.Whether18.Onceyouhavestartedajob,youshoulddoit__________.A.inpracticeB.intheoryC.inearnestD.inahurry19.Althoughthenewlibraryservicehasbeenverysuccessful,itsfutureis______certain.A.atanyrateB.bynomeansC.byallmeansD.atanycost20.Tomysurprise,atyesterday'smeetingheagain________theplanthathadbeendisapproveda weekbefore.A.broughtaboutB.broughtoutC.broughtupD.broughtdownSectionIICloze(10points)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B, CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWETSHEETwithapencil. WholesalepricesinJulyrosemoresharplythanexpectedandatafasterratethanconsumerprices, 21thatbusinesseswerestillprotectingconsumers22thefullbrunt(冲击)ofhigherenergy costs.TheProducerPriceIndex,23measureswhatproducersreceiveforgoodsandservices, 241percentinJuly,theLaborDepartmentreportedyesterday,double25economistshad beenexpectingandasharpturnaroundfromflatpricesinJune.Excluding26andenergy,the coreindexofproducerpricesrose0.4percent,27thanthe0.1percentthateconomistshad 28.Muchofthatincreasewasaresultofan29increaseincarandtruckprices. OnTuesday,theLaborDepartmentsaidthe30thatconsumerspaidforgoodsandservicesin Julywere310.5percentoverall,andup0.1percent,excludingfoodandenergy.32theoverallriseinbothconsumerandproducerprices33causedbyenergycosts,which increased4.4percentinthemonth.(Wholesalefoodprices340.3percentinJuly.35July2004,wholesalepriceswereup4.6percent,thecorerate362.8percent,itsfastestpace since1995.Typically,increasesintheProducerPriceIndexindicatesimilarchangesintheconsumerindex 37businessesrecoup(补偿)highercostsfromcustomers.38formuchofthisexpansion,which started39theendof2001,thathasnotbeenthe40.Infact,manybusinesseslike automakershavebeenaggressivelydiscountingtheirproducts21.A.indicateB.toindicateC.indicatingD.indicated22.A.ofB.toC.byD.from23.A.thatB.whichC.itD.this24.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.raised25.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this26.A.foodB.grainC.cropD.diet27.A.lessB.lowerC.higherD.more28.A.saidB.reportedC.calculatedD.forecast29.A.expectableB.unexpectedC.expectationD.expecting30.A.pricesB.costsC.chargesD.values31.A.downB.fromC.toD.up32.A.MuchB.MostC.MostofD.Muchof33.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are34.A.fallB.fellC.fallsD.hasfallen35.AparingwithB.IncomparisonCparedwithDpareto36.A.droppedB.declinedC.liftedD.climbed37.A.asB.soC.whileD.when38.A.AndB.ButC.YetD.Still39.A.atB.byC.inD.to40.A.conditionB.situationC.matterD.caseSectionIIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageosfollowedbysomequestionsor unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmardedA,B,C,andD.Youshould decideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwitha pencil.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycompumation(计算机自动化).Word processorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarial jobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosandcarrytheir：“secretaries〞inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksare expectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeing replacedwithcomputerizedsystems. Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowing positionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecommbusiness, telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician, earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyou'vebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years, andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE¬-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittleconsolation(抚慰) toknowthatthetelecommfieldisbooming.Andthat'sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertise(专门知识)economy.To succeedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations---air-trafficcontroller---demandatleastabachelor’sdegree. Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma(毕业证书),It'sgoingtogettoughertofindawell-paying job.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,what'sleftwillbethejobsthat compumationcan’tkill:Computerscan’tcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimer'spatients(老年痴呆病人).But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcompumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedge(楔子)betweentherichandpoor. Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology. Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythat's reducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschoolwithouthavingtositina classroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudents currentlyenrolled,andit’sgainingcredibilitywithemployers.Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLaborStatistics'OccupationalOutlookHandbook,.41、Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrowninto unemploymentEXCEPT.A.secretariesB.stockclerksC.managersD.wholesalers42、InthesecondparagraphtheauthormentionsthetollboothcollectortoA.meanhewillgetbenefitsfromthetelecommfieldB.showheistoooldtoshifttoanewpositionC.consolehimonhavingbeenreplacedbyamachineD.blamethePCforhisunemployment43.Bysaying“┅compumationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor〞(line5,Para.4)theauthormeansA.peoplearegettingricherandricherB.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoorC.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlargerD.it’stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor44、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscomputers?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.prejudiced45、Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofpassage?A.BlamingthePCB.TheboomingtelecommfieldC.InternetdistanceleaningD.KeepingupwithcompumationQuestion46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas. Thesediplomaswon'tlookanydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.Theirvalidity willbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesaresemiliterate(半文盲) Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducational–repairshops—adult–literacy programs,suchastheonewhereIteachbasicgrammarandwriting.There,high-schoolgraduates andhigh-schooldropoutspursuinggraduate-equivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillsthey shouldhavelearnedinschool,Theywillalsodiscovertheyhavebeencheatedbyoureducational system. Iwillneverforgetateacherwhogottheattentionofoneofmychildrenbyrevealingthetrumpcard offailure.Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalentsbut alwaysgotbyUntilMrs.Stifter.Oursonwashigh-schoolseniorwhenhehadherforEnglish.―Hesi t sinthebackoftheroom talkingtohisfriends.‖shetoldme,―Whydon'tyoum o ve r o h wi m?t o‖theIu f r o g n e t d,believing theembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown.Mrs.Stiftersaid,'Idon'tmoveseniors.Iflunk(使┅不及格)them.'Ourson'sacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.Noteacherhadeverthreatened him.BythetimeIgothomeIwasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.Itwasaradicalapproachforthese times,but,well,Whynot?―She'sgoingtoflunkyou.dmys‖on.ItolIdidnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglishbecameapriority(头等重要)inhislife.He finishedoutthesemesterwithanA.Iknowoneexampledoesn'tmakeacase,butatnightIseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangry forhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.Ofaverage intelligenceorbetter,theyeventuallyquitschool,concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish.I‖shouldhavebeenheldback,‖isacommentIhearfrequently.Evensadderare s t h u o d s e e n tswho arehigh-schoolgraduateswhosaytomeafterafewweeksofclass.‖Idon’tknowhowIevergot high-schooldiploma.‖Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthemandtheemployerswhoexpect graduatestohavebasicskills.Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscan'tlearnifthey comefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostoptothinkthatmostkidsdon'tputschoolfirst ontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatrisk.They'dratherbesailing.ManystudentsIseeatnighthavedecidedtomakeeducationapriority.Theyaremotivatedby thedesireforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonethey'vegot.Theyhaveahealthyfearof failure.Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems,buttheyneedtohaveareasontodoso.Young peoplegenerallydon'thavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudents valueit.Butfearoffailurecanmotivateboth.46.Whatisthesubjectofthisessay?A.viewpointonlearningB.aqualifiedteacherC.theimportanceofexaminationD.thegenerationgap47.HowdidMrs.Siftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthor’schildren?A.flunkinghimB.movinghisseatC.blaminghimD.playingcardwithhim48.TheauthorbelievesthatthemosteffectivewayforateacheristoA.purifytheteachingenvironments.B.setupcooperationbetweenteachersandparents.C.holdbackstudent.D.motivatestudent.49.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthors’attitudetowardflunkingisA.negativeB.positiveC.biasedD.indifferent50.Judgingfromthecontent,thispassageisprobablywrittenforA.administratorsB.studentsC.teachersD.parentsQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthecompetitiveworldofhighereducation.As collegesstriveformarketshare,theyarelookingfornamesthatprojecttheimagetheywantor reflectthechangestheyhopetomake.TrentonStateCollege,forexample,becametheCollegeof NewJerseynineyearsagowhenitbeganraisingadmissionsstandardsandappealingtostudents fromthroughoutthestate.―AllIhearinhighereducationis,Brand,brand,brand,‖saidTimWesterbeck,whospecializes inbrandingandismanagingdirectorofLipmanHearne,amarketingfirmbasedinChicagothat workswithuniversitiesandothernonprofitorganizations.―Therehasbeenaseachangeoverthe last10years.Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhighereducation.‖Notalleffortsatnamechangesaresuccessful,ofcourse.In1997,theNewSchoolforSocial ResearchbecameNewSchoolUniversitytoreflectitsgrowthintoacollectionofeightcolleges, offeringalistofmajorsthatincludespsychology,music,urbanstudiesandmanagement.ButNew YorkerscontinuedtocallittheNewSchool.Now,afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurveyandamarketingconsultant’scrof―namingstructures.‖―brandarchitecture‖and―identitys y s t e h m a s s,c omeu‖ptheuniversity withanewname:theNewSchool.BeginningMonday,itwilladoptnewlogos(标识)，banners, businesscardsandevennewnamesfortheindividualcolleges,alltoincludethewords“theNew School.〞Changesinnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhowacollegewantstobeperceived.In alteringitsnamefromCalState.Hayward,toCalState,EastBay,theuniversityhopedtoprojectits expandingroleintwomostlysuburbancountrieseastofSanFrancisco. TheUniversityofSouthernColorado,astateinstitution,becameColoradoStateUniversityat Pucblotwoyearsago,hopingtohighlightmanyinternalchanges,includingofferingmoregraduate programsandsettinghigheradmissionsstandards. BeaverCollegeturneditselfintoArcadiaUniversityin2001forseveralreasons:tobreakthe connectionwithitspastasawomen’scollege,topromoteitsgrowthintoafull-fledged(完全成熟的)universityandofficialsacknowledged,toeliminatesomejokesaboutthecollege’soldname onlate-nighttelevisionand―morningzoo‖radioshows. Manycollegeofficialssaidchanginganameandimagecouldproducesubstantialresults.At Arcadia,inadditiontotheriseinapplications,theaveragestudent'stestscorehasincreasedby60 points,JuliRoebeck,anArcadiaspokeswoman,said.51.whichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforcollegestochangetheirnames?A.TheypreferhighereducationcompetitionB.Theytrytogainadvantageinmarketshare.C.Theywanttoprojecttheirimage.D.Theyhopetomakesomechanges.52.ItisimpliedthatoneofthemostsignificantchangesinhighereducationinthepastdecadeisA.thebrand.B.thecollegenamesC.theconceptofmarketingD.listofmajors.53.Thephrase'comeupwith'(Line3,Para.4)probablymeansA.catchupwithB.dealwithC.putforwardDetotherealization54ThecaseofnamechangingfromCalState,Hayward,toCalStateindicatesthattheuniversityA.isperceivedbythesocietyB.hopestoexpanditsinfluenceC.preferstoreformitsreachingprogramsD.expectstoenlargeitscampus55.Accordingtothespokeswoman,thenamechangeofBeaverCollegeA.turnsoutverysuccessfulB.failstoattainitsgoalC.haseliminatedsomejokesD.hastransformeditsstatusQuestion56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwas builtin1964.Butappearancesweredeceptive,andthe13studentsfromEuropeandtheUSAwho boardedtheaircraftwereinfortheflightoftheirlives.Inside,theareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealongwhitetunnel.Heavilypadded(填塞) fromfloortoceiling,itlookedabitstrange.Therewerealmostnowindows,butlightsalongthe paddedwallsilluminatedit.Mostoftheseatshadbeentakenoutapartfromafewattheback wheretheyoungscientistsquicklytooktheirplaceswithalookoffear.For12months,sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshadcompetedtowinaplaceonthe flightattheinvitationoftheEuropeanSpaceAgency.Thechallengehadbeentosuggest imaginativeexperimentstobeconductedinweightlessconditions. Forthenexttwohours,theflightresembledthatofanenormousbirdwhichhadloseitsreason, shootingupwardstowardstheheavensbeforerushingtowardsEarth.Theinventionwastoachieve weightlessnessforafewseconds. Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough,butanyfeelingsthatIandtheyoungscientistshadthatwe wereonanythinglikeascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthepilotputthe planeintoa45degreeclimbwhichlastedaround20seconds.Thentheenginescutourandwe becameweightless.Everythingbecameconfusedandleftorright,upordownnolongerhadany meaning.Aftertensecondsoffree-falldescent(下降)thepilotpulledtheaircraftoutofits nosedive.Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss,butwasstillsuddenenoughto ensurethatsomestudentscamedownwithabump. Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,anewteamconductedits experiment.FirstitwastheDutchwhowantedtodiscoverhowitisthatcatsalwayslandontheir feet.ThentheGermanteamwhoconductedasuccessfulexperimentonatraditionalbuilding methodtoseeifitcouldbeusedforbuildingafuturespacestation.TheAmericanshadanideato createsolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites.Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddowninthelanedoingtheirexperiments,thepredominant feelingwasoneofexcitementratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasan unforgettableexperienceandonetheywouldbekeentorepeat.56、Whatdidthewritersayabouttheplane?.A、Ithadnoseats.B、Itwaspaintedwhite.C、Ithadnowindows.D、Theoutsidewasmisleading.57、Accordingtothewriter，howdidtheyoungscientistsfeelbeforetheflight？A、sickB、keenC、nervousD、impatient58、whatdidthepilotdowiththeplaneafterittookoff？A、Hequicklyclimbedandthenstoppedtheengines.B、Heclimbedandthenmadetheplanefallslowly.C、Hetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds.D、Heclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover.59.Acoordingtothepassage,thepurposeofbeingweightlesswastoA.seewhatconditionsarelikeinspaceB.preparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspaceC.showthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddoD.maketheteamstryouttheirideas60.thispassagewaswrittentoA.encourageyoungpeopletotakeupscienceB.describetheprocessofascientificcompetitionC.showscientistswhatyoungpeoplecandoD.reportonanewscientifictechniqueSectionIVTranslation(20point)Directions:inthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.Translatethefiveunderlinedsentencesinto ChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEETThesmoothlandingofshuttle(航天飞机)Discoveryendedaflightthatwassuccessfulin almosteveryrespectbutone:thedislodgingofabigchunkoffoam,liketheonethatdoomedthe Columbia.Thisflightwassupposedtovaulttheshuttlefleetbackintospaceafteraprolonged groundingforrepairs.Butgiventherepeatoftheveryproblemthattwoyearsofretoolingwas supposedtoresolve,theverdictisnecessarilymixed.(61)Onceagain,thespaceagencyhasbeen forcedtoputofftheflightuntilitcanfindasolutiontotheproblem,andnooneseemswillingto guesshowlongthatmaytake. TheDiscoveryastronautsperformedsuperblyduringtheirtwo-weekmission,andtheshuttle lookedbetterthaneverinsomerespects.(62)Spaceofficialswerejustifiablyhappythatsomuch hadgonewell,despitedailyworriesoverpossiblerisks.Theflightclearlyachieveditsprime objectives. Theastronautstransferredtonsofcargototheinternationalspacestation,whichhasbeenlimping alongoverheadwithareducedcrewandlimitedsuppliescarrieduponsmallerRussianspacecraft.(63)Theyreplacedabrokendevice,repairedanotherandcartedawayaloadofrubbishthathad beenleftonthestation,showingtheshuttlecanbringfullloadsbackdownfromspace.Thiswasthemostscrutinizedshuttleflightever,withthevehicleundergoingcloseinspection whilestillinorbit.(64)Newsensingandphotographicequipmenttolookforpotentiallydangerous damagetothesensitiveexternalskinprovedvaluable.Anewbackflipmaneuverallowedstation astronautstophotographtheshuttle'sunderbelly,andanextra-longroboticarmenabledastronauts seepartsoftheshuttlethatwerepreviouslyoutofsight.(65).Thefloodofimagesandtheopennessindiscussingitsuncertaintiesaboutpotentialhazards sometimesmadeitappearthattheshuttlewasabouttofallapart.Intheendthedamagewasclearly tolerable.Amuch-toutedspacewalktorepairtheshuttle'sskin-thefirstofitskind-movedanastronautcloseenoughtopluckoutsomeprotrudingmaterialwithhishand.Preliminaryevidence indicatesthatDiscoveryhasfarfewernicksandgougesthanshuttlesonpreviousflights,perhaps showingthatimprovementstoreducethesheddingofdebrisfromtheexternalfueltankhavehadsomesuccess.SectionVWriting(20points)Directions:inthissection.youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingdiagram. Describethediagramandanalyzethepossiblecauses.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.参考答案：词汇：1——5DADCD6——10BADAC11——15BBDAB16——20ABCBC完型填空：21——25CDBCB26——30ACDBA31——35DDABC36——40DACAD阅读理解：41——45CBCAD46——50AADBC51——55ACCAC56——60ACADA61〕航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决方法。
2006年10月全国自考英语二真题及答案
2006年10月全国自考英语二真题及答案一、单选题（共10题，共40分）1.The fixed star was a planet.（）A. made ofB.made fromC.made up forD.mistaken forSome students from asking questions in class.（）A.shy awayB.blow awayC.do awayD. carry awayMrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill and power she had to her attacker to simply take her car and not her life.A.trustB.creditC.convinceD. believeLet ’s personal feelings in making jud gment.（）A. set offB. set asideC. set backD.set upA good worker in a key spot copd, he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted, and the bosses wopd very likely look the other way.A.as long asB.as thoughC. as soon asD.as if6.the bosses cannot do without profit, workers have an edge.A.ThoughB. ForC.SinceD.SoDecision makers must have some way of determining of several alternatives is best.（）A. thatB.itC.oneD. which8.In August 1977, a satellite to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way.A. launchedB. was launchedC.has been launchedD.is launchedIn studio recordings, new techniques made possible effects that not even an electronic band copd produce .A.liveB. aliveC.livelyD.livingIt is essential that everything in advance.（）A.shopd decideB.be decidedC.decidedD.will be decided二、填空题（共10题，共40分）11.Do not let this __(say) of you. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job.12.The theory of black holes in space__ (accept) by many serious scientists and astronomers.13.If you had been in better health, we___ (allow) you to join them in the work.14.Although they agree that life is important and shopd be respected, they feel that the quality of life shopd not__(ignore).15.I wopd rather you__ (come) tomorrow.16.One hundred miles ____(be) too far to travel on foot.17.Robots, ___(become) increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.18.Every boy and girl ___(treat) in the same way.19.He took his umbrella with him lest it ____(rain).20.Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research___ (do) in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmfp biological effects.三、问答题（共5题，共20分）21.他孤注一掷用自己的积蓄开了一家小商店。
2006年10月英语(二)模拟试题及答案
2006年10月英语（二）模拟试题Part OneI. Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)1. The winner in the general election is almost certain to be _____ the Republican or the Democratic nominee.A. bothB. eitherC. neitherD. not only2. Such attitudes amount to a recognition _____ leisure should be put to good use.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. that3. Even with the new development in research, only a tiny ______ of all tests are done without using animals.A. varietyB. amountC. plentyD. proportion4. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, _____ it is not technically legal there.A. ifB. otherwiseC. althoughD. unless5. Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill she had to _____ her attacker not to take her life.A. convinceB. conveyC. contactD. consult6. Daydreaming improves a person’s ability to _____ more readily with new ideas.A. show upB. put up withC. come upD. take up7. On average about ￡5000 a year is spent on each private school pupil, ______ the amount spent on state school pupils.A. as twice asB. twice more asC. more than twiceD. more twice than8. To a worker, _____ from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it9. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential ______.A. itemsB. termsC. turnsD. themes10. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will ______ eight days to readjust his palm sweat.A. spendB. takeC. costD. payⅡ. Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)Great artists and great scientists are similar in that they both use the two sides of their brain. It is well known that Albert Einstein, 11 a great scientist, also enjoyed art, playing the violin and sailing. Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination 12 from analysis, reason and language. The story goes 13 Einstein was daydreaming one summer’s day 14 sitting on a hill. He imagined that he was riding on sunbeams to the far distance of the universe. 15 he found that he had returned to the sun. So he realized that the universe must curve. He got this 16 by using his imagination. He then used the left side of brain to 17 analysis, number and reason. And finally he used language to explain it.Traditional, 18 education in schools encourages us to use the left-hand side of our brains. Language, number, analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming. 19 , we are encouraged to leap when we have two perfectly good legs! Then why don’t we give more 20 to visual thinking?11. A. as B. for C. with D. to12. A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than13. A. when B. which C. that D. what14. A. while B. until C. though D. as if15. A. And B. But C. So D. Then16. A. story B. idea C. figure D. pattern17. A. supply B. apply C. reply D. imply18. A. establish B. to establish C. established D. establishing19. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Indeed D. However20. A. value B. vision C. voice D. viewⅢ. Reading Comprehension ( 30 points, 2 points for each item)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The more I see of the Internet, the more enthusiastic I am. We’re living through a period of dynamic change. America is ahead just now, with over 50 percent of the population on-line; Britain is next, then Scandinavia and Japan, with the rest of Europe lagging surprisingly behind. But it won’t be long before everyone catches up. In the third world especially, the internet will be a revolutionary force that will promote democracy and economic growth.The lightning speech of American decision-making in today’s business world is rooted in the technology. In the 1980s, American companies, desperate to compete with Japanese and German companies, shed their bureaucratic(官僚的) aspects and returned to the knife-edge of the market. Companies began to be run much more aggressively in the interests of shareholders, and that powered the adoption of new technology. The pay of CEOs (首席执行官) was tied to stock-market performance and businessmen got rich in a way they never previously imagined.On the knife-edge of the market some are going to bleed. One big invention here is “frictionless selling” for cars—buying on-line rather than through a salesman at a car dealership (汽车专卖行). I just bought my new car this way. I arranged finance and got just what I wanted—color, interior, engine size—in half an hour. That’s great for me. But there are 25000—most familyowned car dealerships in the United States, and in the next century most will die. It’s a transition that will surely be repeated many times over.Telecom (电信) costs are falling towards zero, and computer costs aren’t far behind. The growth of the internet in Africa, Asia and the Far East is putting these tools in everyon e’s hands. And I’m confident that if people got the chance to connect, they will quickly create wealth and opportunities across seven continents.21．Why does the author feel more enthusiastic when he sees more of the Internet?A. Because America is in a leading position in this field.B. Because he believes that the Internet will change the whole world.C. Because he is one of the businessmen who got rich in IT industry.D. Because the Internet will bring democracy to the Third World.22. American companies shed their bureaucratic practice because _______.A. that was powered by the use of new technologyB. that was the way businessmen got richC. they wanted to tie the salary of their CEOs to stock-market performanceD. the competition with foreign companies was sharp23. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.A. the adoption of the Internet helped improve the competing power of American companiesB. American companies were once thrown out of the market by Japanese and German companiesC. American companies competed desperately with foreign companies in car industryD. many American businessmen were desperate to get rich24. The author mentions the purchase of his new car and the car dealership to _______.A. illustrate the adv antage of “frictionless selling”B. predict what change the Internet will bring to American daily lifeC. illustrate one of the hurting effects of the InternetD. compare this new way of selling cars with the traditional one25. The word “transition” in pa ragraph 3 probably means _______.A. failureB. changeC. lessonD. competitionPassage TwoAlmost no one argues against the view that schools have an important responsibilities to develop students’ intellect. Disputes center, rather, on the deg ree to which this responsibility should exceed all other responsibilities or potential responsibilities.Some strong supporters of intellectual attainment as the primary objective of schools suggest that this purpose really is what schooling is all about and that other outcomes should receive only minimal emphasis. This position has a long history in American education. In general, the view suggests that school programs should not handle citizenship education or professional preparation directly. Rather, programs should focus on intellectual attainment. Once intellectual attainment has been achieved, good citizenship and an ability to handle work-related responsibilities will be natural by-products.Critics of this purpose of education raise a number of objections. Some question the assumption that without direct instruction in the schools, students automatically will acquire good citizenship and professional competence as a result of their exposure to programs emphasizing intellectual competence. There is some feeling that it is too much to expect young people to bridge the gap between intellectual knowledge and the kind of citizenship skills and job-related knowledge they will need in the “real world”.Other critics take issue with suggestions of some supporters of a heavy emphasis on intellectual attainment that school programs be strongly centered on such subjects as foreign languages, mathematics, history, literature, and the hard sciences—subjects thought capable of “challenging” the intellect. Critics allege that such subjects really are directed at a narrow, college-bound, intellectual elite. When schools serve the entire population of young people, it is not appropriate, these critics argue, to place such a heavy emphasis on an orientation that, in reality, is of benefit only to a small percentage of the total school population.26. The current issue concerning schools’ responsibilities is focused on _______.A. if schools should shoulder the responsibility to develop students’ intellectB. if schools should try to cultivate good citizenshipC. if schools should teach students work-related skillsD. if schools should place too much emphasis on intellectual attainment27. The view that schools shouldn’t teach directly the working skills is based on th e assumption that ______.A. students can learn these skills better in the real worldB. students should learn how to be a good citizen firstC. students with intellectual competence can get these skills automaticallyD. students don’t need these skills d uring their stay at school28. According to some critics, if a school program heavily emphasized subjects like foreign languages, mathematics, history, etc., _______.A. schools would fail to produce any eliteB. only a small number of students would benefit from itC. students’ intellect couldn’t be developedD. students would fail in other subjects29. It can be learned from the passage that _______.A. a school has many objectives to achieve simultaneouslyB. a school program focused on intellectual attainment is a good oneC. most American schools center strongly on intellectual developmentD. only such intellect-related courses are taught in American schools30. The author’s attitude toward this issue is _______.A. subjectiveB. indifferentC. enthusiasticD. objectivePassage ThreeThere ahs been a critical lack of studies exploring women’s diverse concerns and ways of dealing with unmet needs for services. What explanations are offered for the lack of researches on urban and suburban wome n? As Lofland argued, women are just “there” in urban studies—in the background like furniture. This “thereness” can be attributed to three factors.First, the “community” emphasis of urban studies leads researchers to study ethnic or working-class commun ities in which the woman’s role is home-centered, isolated, and secondary. Since her participation in the community’s public life is usually limited, her life is not readily visible, especially to the male researcher. His limited opportunity to observe and study women’s lives and activities, then, is a second explanation for the lack of studies. A third reason is that government and foundation funding is largely allocated to the study of “problems”, particularly those associated with crime. In these studies, the focus tends to be on men, although there is now a burgeoning (迅速增长的) literature on crime committed by women.The gaps in the literature include a lack of research on well-to-do urban and suburban women whose life-style contrast sharply with the neighborhood-based world of ethnic or working-class women portrayed in such classics as Street Corner Society or The Urban Villagers. For example, suburban women may travel long distances take advantage of diverse facilities and resources located in the city. Since their activities take them away from their immediate residential community, these aspects of women’s lives fall outside the range of neighborhood or community studies. This need to travel, whether for greater intellectual pursuit or higher-quality services, gives women in most income groups the common task of working from within their environments to fulfill their needs.31．What Lofland said suggests that ______.A. women are ill-treated like old furnitureB. women’s role at home is like that of furnitureC. women tend to be ignored by researchersD. women always fall behind men in urban studies32. Which of the following is NOT a reason mentioned in the passage?A. Many male researchers lack the opportunity to observe womenB. Women’s life if largely confined to their home.C. Women don’t have much chance to partic ipate in public life.D. Women never commit any crime that is worth studying.33. The phrase “well-to-do” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. wealthyB. capableC. intelligentD. kind-hearted34. The author mentions suburban women’s need to travel as an example of _______.A. one aspect of women’s life unnoticed by other researchersB. the limited role women play in their neighborhood communityC. suburban women’s pursuit of intellectual stimulationD. the typical life-style portrayed by classical sociological works35. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with _______.A. reasons for the limited study on urban and suburban womenB. the diverse needs and concerns of urban and suburban womenC. the sharp contrast between urban and suburban womenD. the factors influencing urban women’s life-stylePart TwoⅣ. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)36. 被单，薄片 n. s _ _ _ _37. 前景 n. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _38. 官方的 a. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _39. 可爱的 a. l _ _ _ _ _40. 进口 n. i _ _ _ _ _41. 预报 v. f _ _ _ _ _ _42. 元素，成份 n. e _ _ _ _ _ _43. 智慧 n. w _ _ _ _ _44. 紧张的 a. t _ _ _ _45. 有规律的 a. r _ _ _ _ _ _46. 推翻 v. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _47. 开关 n. s _ _ _ _ _48. 获得，得到 v. a _ _ _ _ _ _49. 下降 v. d _ _ _ _ _ _50. 加强 v. e _ _ _ _ _ _51. 有效的 a. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _52. 程度 n. e _ _ _ _ _53. 建设 v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _54. 废除 v. a _ _ _ _ _ _55. 项目 n. p _ _ _ _ _ _Ⅴ. Word Form ( 10 points, 1 point for each item)56. The eventual aim of computer modeling is ______ (reduce) the number of animals used in experiments.57. Until recently, many ______ (blame) Oxford for this bias because of the university’s special entrance exam.58. Engineers are experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, ______ (give) robotsa sense of touch.59. All the men took guns with them in case they ______ (attack).60. As in 1980, when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronal Reagan during tough economic times, the voters ______ (motivate) largely by the desire for change.61. Expectation of life is a slippery figure, very easy ______ (get) wrong at the highest ages.62. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far ______ (disturbing) than we realize.63. The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from ______ (expose) to radiation.64. A decision ______ (make) today may have consequences far into the future.65. The important thing is to picture these desired objectives as if you ______ (attain) them. Ⅵ. Translate the following sentences into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)66. 收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于形成了黑洞。
2006年10月自学考试基础英语试题参考答案
2006年10月自学考试基础英语试题参考答案一、词汇应用和语法结构（一）词汇应用1、C2、C3、C4、A5、C6、B7、C8、B9、D 10、B 11、B12、A 13、A 14、D 15、D（二）语法结构16、C 17、A 18、B 19、B 20、C 21`、B 22、D 23、C 24、D 25、A26、B 27、A 28、B 29、B 30、A二、改错31、D 32、D 33、B 34、B 35、D 36、C 37、D 38、A 39、C 40、A三、完形填空41、A 42、B 43、A 44、C 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、A 49、B 50、D51、D 52、A 53、D 54、D 55、A四、阅读理解56、C 57、C 58、C 59、D 60、D 61、D 62、D 63、B 64、A 65、D五、单词或短语的英汉互译（一）将下列词语译成中文66、批量生产67、交通阻塞68、劳动力69、关税壁垒70、保险公司（二）将下列词语译成英文71. Economic growth72. Planned economy73.the accumulation of capital74. Raw materials75. Downtown business district六、英汉句子互译（一）将下列句子译成中文76、铁已成为我们现代生活的必需品，可以说，我们现在就生活在一个钢铁时代。
77、很多自由港没有仓库，外国商人可以不付关税在这些仓库存放货物。
（二）将下列句子译成英文78. The strike，coupled with the terrible weather，greatly cut down the supply of fruits this summer。
79. Subway train is a quick and convenient means of public transportation。
00015自学考试英语二2006年10月试卷和答案
2006年10月份全国自考英语(二）真题一、Vocabulary and Structure(10 points，1 point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1. He spoke so ______ that even his opponents were impressed by his words.A。
franklyB. clearlyC。
convincinglyD。
loudly答案：C2。
The government ______ great importance to intellectual property protection。
A.associatesB。
attachesC.attributesD.approaches答案：B3.The heart is ______ intelligent than the stomach，for they are both controlledby the brain.A. not soB. not muchC。
much moreD.no more答案：D4。
The factory has to be shut down ______ funds.A。
in spite ofB。
for lack ofC。
with a view ofD.for the sake of答案:B5。
The hotel manager said that they did not have a single ______ room left。
A. vacantB. emptyC. bareD. hollow答案:A6.I’ll accept any job ______ I don’t have to get up early。
A。
as far asB. in caseC. as long asD。
as though答案：C7。
2006年10月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题及答案
2006年10月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题及答案The Certificate of English Interpretation: Level ⅡNow please listen to the instructions for this exam. I'll give you a brief introduction before each part of the exam begins and leave you enough time to do the interpreting.Each part is divided into a number of segments and at the start of each segment you will hear this tone. At each pause where you are expected to start interpreting, you'll also hear this tone .You'll hear each segment only once.Let's start with Part 1.Part 1 Consecutive Interpretation: English to ChineseIn this part you will hear a speech delivered in English by an American official at the Seminal" onInternational Trade Conflict and Public Relations. Please interpret this speech into Chinese.Let's begin.Ladies and Gentlemen,Recent polls show that the majority of Americans actually do believe that Sino-American relationship, bothpolitically and economically, is vitally important. Please allow me to offer some suggestions on what we can dotogether to cultivate our relationship, and to continue the progress of the last years so that we can work towardseducating our policymakers and citizens about the benefits of free trade to our economies.First, we must seek out opportunities to continue the exchange of views between our two countries.We must encourage students to study abroad--here I must admit we have a much harder time to getAmericans to travel than our friends in China. We should also urge the exchanges of academics,scientists and artists.Second, we need more exchange of business leaders. I recall the Fortune Global Forum that was held inShanghai in 1999, where more than 800 representatives, including 300 Chairmen, presidents and CEOs fromthe world's leading multinationals came to China to meet with over 200 Chinese entrepreneurs to exchangeopinions and share the experiences that affect their businesses.Third, I would urge you to come to the United States to learn about the factors thatshape Americanthinking and the formulation of its policies. Ask your friends and contacts to make introductions for you tomeet with business leaders and policymakers.Fourth, explore opportunities to invest in the United States. American legislators respond to nothingmore than to their constituents. Many of you already have subsidiaries in the US Here, the Haier Groupcomes to mind. Haier has invested over $15 million in a building in New York and over $40 million inCamden, South Carolina, employing significant numbers of Americans. We need to work together tomake sure that policymakers understand that our bilateral trade relationship is beneficial to both of oureconomies. This is a pattern that the Japanese used in the 1970s and 1980s to develop markets as well asto exert influence.Finally, we should work together to make the APEC viable again. We defined in 1994 that we would reach free trade among many APEC nations by the year 2005. We have lost momentum. China and the USshould work together to reinvigorate the APEC process.Let me conclude by saying that Sino-American relations are the best they have ever been. We have beenable to collaborate on important political and security matters that are vital to the well-being of our peoples.Our economic interests are closely linked as well. China and the US both seek economic growth and stability.Although we may choose to pursue our interests through different policies, we strive to liberalize our marketsand provide businesses with transparent and predictable access for goods and services.The stability of our relations is much like the stability of a three-legged stool. The legs consist ofstrategic, political, and economic relations. If anyone of the legs is either missing or weak, the stool isunstable and is in danger of collapsing. It is our responsibility to maintain the strength of these legs.That's the end of Part 1. Now we move on to Part 2.Part 2 Consecutive Interpretation: Chinese to EnglishIn this part you will hear a speech delivered in Chinese by a Chinese official at the 2005 Fortune GlobalForum. Please interpret this speech into English.Let's begin.尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：早上好! 我很高兴来参加《财富》全球论坛，也很荣幸在此与大家交流一下我的看法。
大学英语二2006年 10月
2006年10月英语（二）试卷本试卷分为两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。
PART ONE（50 POINTS）I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案．并在答题卡将相应的字母涂黑。
1.He spoke so that even his opponents were impressed by his words．A. franklyB. clearlyC. convincinglyD. loudly2. The government great importance to intellectual property protection.A. associatesB. attachesC. attributesD. approaches3.The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A. not soB. not muchC. much moreD. no more4. The factory has to be shut down funds.A. in spite ofB. for lack ofC. with a view ofD. for the sake of5. The hotel manager said that they did not have a single room left.A. vacantB. emptyC. bareD. hollow6. I'll accept any job I don't have to get up early.A. as far asB. in caseC. as long asD. as though7. On hearing the news, he rushed out of the dining hall, leaving his lunch ．A. finishedB. unfinishedC. finishingD. to finish8. did she complain about the food, she also refused to pay for it.A. Not onlyB. OnlyC. NorD. So9. She offered me a drink before he his coat.A. would take offB. takes offC. had taken offD. has taken off10. On the top of the hill stands a(n) church.A. charming old SpanishB. old charming SpanishC. Spanish old charmingD. Spanish charming oldII. Cloze Test (10 points, l point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。