长安大学考博英语历年真题-题型-参考书-分数线-资料-育明考博

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育明考博-中央民族大学考博招生报考人数复习规划资料真题辅导课程考博英语考试重点

18 人
马克思主义哲学（6/5 人）中国哲学（3/4 人）宗教学（9/9 人）中国少数民族经济（12/13 人）
经济学院
12/13 人
法学院
10/13 人
民族法学（10/13 人）民族地区公共行政管理（7/8 人）民族政治学（5/5 人）社会学（5/4 人）人类学（8/9 人）民族学（8/7 人）民族社会学（3/3 人）民俗学（3/4）汉语言文字学（3/3）中国古代文学（7/6 人）中国现当代文学（3/4 人）马克思主义民族理论与政策（4/5 人）中国少数民族史（4/4 人）专门史（4/3 人）中国古代史（7/7 人）中国近现代史（4/4 人）中国少数民族教育(8/9 人) 中国少数民族艺术（3/4 人）藏学（9/9 人）语言学及应用语言学（1/1 人）比较文学与世界文学（2/2 人）

中国考博辅导第一品牌
中央民族大学考博招生报考人数复习资料真题辅导课程
一、中央民族大学招生学院、专业及人数
学院哲学与宗教学学院招生人数
(计划数/实际数)
招生专业及招生人数
(计划数/实际数)
招生类别及人数非定向 10 人定向就业 6 人少干 2 人非定向 7 人定向就业 3 人少干 3 人非定向 5 人定向就业 4 人少干 4 人非定向 8 人定向就业 3 人少干 2 人非定向 14 人定向就业 7 人少干 2 人非定向 11 人定向就业 4 人少干 2 人非定向 3 人定向就业 1 人少干 1 人非定向 14 人定向就业 1 人少干 3 人非定向 5 人定向就业 3 人少干 1 人非定向 4 人非定向 8 人定向就业 1 人定向就业 2 人少干 1 人

中国人民大学考博英语真题

中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试试题Ⅰ LISTENING TEST (20 points)(略）客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points)Part A (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Example:She prefers foreign wine to that produced ________.A. previouslyB. virtuallyC. primarilyD. domesticallyT he sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that produced domestically.”Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［D］1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable2. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions3. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife ________ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenanceC. storageD. reserve5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated6. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria7. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate8. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed9. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart B (5 points )Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.Example:The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.A. carefulB. industriousC. cleverD. capableIn this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to “capable”. Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［D］11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze12. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes. A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous14. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children's college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. trustworthyB. intelligentC. diligentD. meticulous18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped orwanton violence against civilians in the region.A. intriguingB. exasperatingC. demonstrativeD. unprovoked19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.A. illegalB. night-timeC. brutalD. abusive20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avidfondness for the limelight.A. mercurialB. gallantC. ardentD. frugalⅢCloze (10 points )Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, __21__ into a hobby and lately has __22__ into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates __23__ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep __24__ of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they __25__ that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and __26__. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they __27__ yahoo into a customized database designed to __28__ the needs of the thousands of users __29__ began to use the service through the closely __30__ Internet community. They developed customized software to help them __31__ locate, identify and edit material __32__ on the Internet. The name Yahoo is __33__ to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Ora le”, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the __34__ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first __35__ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was __36__ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files __37__ to larger computers __38__ at Netscape. As a result Stanford's computer network returned to __39__, and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo __40__ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.21. A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend22. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned23. A. in B. on C. about D. for24. A. touch B. contact C. track D. record25. A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported26. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable27. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted28. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate29. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly30. A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted31. A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actually32. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored33. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed34. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand35. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched36. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked37. A. over B. away C. inside D. beneath38. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden39. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal40. A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. containsⅣReading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET I.Passage 1Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger bordens, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask thestudents to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to ________.A. informB. persuadeC. debateD. narrate42. Guthrie identified three methods for ________.A. educating studentsB. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired actionD. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method.B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method.D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ________.A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed simultaneouslyC. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted responsePassage 2The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped intoforeign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesn't go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wond er customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to re duce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46. The best title of this passage might be ______.A. Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC. Overcome Cultural Sock in Different CountriesD. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles47. What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?A. hesitationB. mistakeC. stutterD. default48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. Cultural shocksB. Faulty translationsC. Avoid cultural oversightsD. Prevent blunders49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably mean ______.A. an animal used in perfume for its smellB. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD. an ornament used in perfume and at funerals50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to ______. A. fire the translators who don't know the target languageB. use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blundersC. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countriesPassage 3It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxed in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top-and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These day, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search firms,” is a growing industr y. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51. We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.A. promotion depends on amiabilityB. chief executives do not work hard enough at the to levelC. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry52. The term “aerobic exercise” (first line in second last paragraph) is a kind of ______.A. hallucination exerciseB. physical exerciseC. meditation exerciseD. entertainment53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ______.A. there are too many aggressive executivesB. individual talent is not essential for a companyC. the job of an “executive search firm” is corporate head-huntingD. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial ranks54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where ______.A. they can conduct their businessB. they can indulge themselvesC. they can cultivate their mindD. they can exercise as well as socialize55. What is NOT true according to the article?A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D. Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his word s, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of sepp uku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays,many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56. The article implies that ______.A. Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC. Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was ______.A. to capture the commanding generalB. to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional governmentD. to force the Emperor to give up the throne58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima ______.A. was well received by the soldiersB. was laughed at by the soldiersC. impressed the commanding generalD. left a deep impression to the soldiers59. What is true according to articleA. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attempt.C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D. One of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ______.A. written “Patriotism,” one of hi s most powerful storiesB. written eighty short storiesC. published “A Forest in Flower”D. published “Confession of a Mask”主观题部分请用钢笔或圆珠将此部分的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！ⅤTranslation (20 points)Part A. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply actioncould not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following into English on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。

长安大学历年考博试题汇总

2002高等路面工程1.论述对先行水泥混凝土路面施工技术规范进行修改的必要及建议。

2、路面结构排水3、沥青混凝土施工技术规范中热拌沥青混合料的适用性及建议4、基层冲刷的原因及改建措施2002道路建筑材料1.考虑路用性能的沥青混合料配合比设计2、混凝土路（桥）面的使用要求如何改善3、常用沥青混合料、SMA、Superpave混合料设计方法有何不同4、沥青成功改性的关键技术2003高等路面工程1.试述沥青混凝土路面设计指标及其合理性2.评述水泥混凝土路面结构组合设计方法3.论述路面基层4.试述沥青路面的性能要求及应对措施5.试述旧水泥混凝土路面加铺维修技术2003道路建筑材料1.试述沥青混合料组成设计2.路（桥）面用水泥混凝土要性能与措施3.降低沥青混凝土水损坏的技术4.土工合成材料在路基、路面中的应用技术5.论述国内外沥青混合了结构的实验方法2004（1）高等路面工程1、高速公路沥青路面早期破坏的类型、原因及采取措施。

2、新版的《公路水泥混凝土路面设计规范》与1994年的相比有哪些改变。

3、谈国内外沥青路面结构设计指标及见解。

4、解释（1）长寿命（永久性）路面——（2）预防性养护（路面）——（3）软切缝（水泥混凝土）——（4）沥青表面处治——（5）OGFC(开级配沥青面层)——2004（1）道路建筑材料1、论述沥青混合料的类型及再路面结构层中的应用2、改性沥青的类型、工艺特性及工程应用针对不同种类!不同工艺的SBS改性沥青,采用试验!理论相结合的方法,包括常规三大指标试验、SHRP 动态剪切流变DSR试验、储存稳定性试验等,分析了加工工艺参数对SBS改性沥青技术性能以及相容性的影响"结果表明,不同品种的改性剂!不同的制备温度!不同的改性工艺均对改性沥青的性能产生较大影响"相比于其他因素而言,SBS改性沥青的改性工艺是影响其性能的主导因素;储存稳定性较好的改性沥青,其技术性能也较好;星型SBS改性沥青的技术性能优于线型SBS改性沥青;基于改性沥青的综合性能考虑,制备温度不宜过低"因此,通过掺配适当的稳定剂和助剂等措施改善改性工艺,是提高SBS改性沥青技术性能的最有效途径之一"SBS是一种热塑性弹性体,对于优质的SBS改性沥青,SBS能均匀地分散在沥青介质中,并形成空间三维网状结构。

长安大学考试题及答案

长安大学考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 长安大学位于我国的哪个省份？A. 陕西B. 甘肃C. 宁夏D. 青海答案：A2. 下列哪项不是长安大学的校训？A. 求实B. 创新C. 团结D. 勤奋答案：C3. 长安大学的主要特色学科群包括以下哪项？A. 交通运输工程B. 航空航天工程C. 电子信息工程D. 生物医学工程答案：A4. 长安大学成立于哪一年？A. 1949B. 1958C. 1978D. 2000答案：B5. 长安大学下设的学院数量是多少？A. 20B. 25C. 30D. 35答案：A6. 长安大学是否拥有国家重点实验室？A. 是B. 否答案：A7. 长安大学的学生人数大约是多少？A. 20000B. 25000C. 30000D. 35000答案：B8. 下列哪项不是长安大学提供的学位类型？A. 学士B. 硕士C. 博士D. 副学士答案：D9. 长安大学的校庆日是哪一天？A. 5月18日B. 6月18日C. 7月18日D. 8月18日答案：B10. 长安大学在哪个国家级新区内？A. 西咸新区B. 浦东新区C. 滨海新区D. 两江新区答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 长安大学的前身是_________，始建于1958年。

答案：西安公路学院12. 长安大学在_________学科领域具有国际影响力。

答案：交通运输工程13. 长安大学的宗旨是培养_________和_________。

答案：德才兼备、能力卓越的高素质人才14. 长安大学的校风是_________、_________、_________、_________。

答案：团结、勤奋、求实、创新15. 长安大学在_________年更名为现名。

答案：200016. 长安大学的学生可以通过_________和_________两种方式获得学分。

答案：课堂学习、课外实践17. 长安大学图书馆藏书量超过_________万册。

哈尔滨工业大学考博英语历年真题-题型-参考书-分数线-资料-育明考博

育明考博免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师）2015考博QQ交流群1056198202015考博QQ英语群3354889032015考博QQ专业课群1574604162015哈尔滨工业大学考博英语分析一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。

但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

北大教育学院教育管理(教育博士)考博真题参考书复习资料考试内容考试重点-育明考博

北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。

为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。

英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。

但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。

其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。

2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。

该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。

（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。

包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。

（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

2019-2020年长安大学公共管理硕士MPA考研复试参考书及面试问题预测 (2)

2019--2020年苏州大学公共管理硕士MPA考研复试参考书及面试问题预测育明教育大印老师2019年9月15日【学长解析】北大人大清华北师大北航南开中山武大复旦等全国280多个公共管理硕士MPA 招生院校复试面试问题越来越趋向于考察热点问题，尤其是政策热点问题，比如产业政策争论、垃圾分类、放管服改革等，所以，大家一定要多看一些热点方面的参考书；此外，北大、人大、南开、中山、武大、西安交大、复旦等名校还时常考察社会研究方法问题。

结合以上分析，公共管理硕士MPA考研复试面试参考书如下所示：《公共管理学》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2018年版；《公共政策分析》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版；《公共管理学：考点热点与真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版；《公共政策分析：考点热点与真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版；《社会调查研究方法教程》，袁方，北京大学出版社，2006年版。

目录一、2019-2020年公共管理硕士MPA考研复试面试真题及考研复试面试参考书笔记二、2020-2021年公共管理硕士MPA考研面试常见问题及热点总结三、公共管理硕士MPA考研复习技巧四、公共管理硕士MPA考研复试笔记答题模板（类似考研英语模板奥~）具体内容一、2019-2020年公共管理硕士MPA考研复试面试真题及考研复试面试参考书笔记3.公共管理职业伦理的内容和要求（2016年北京邮电大学；2006年、2015年中国人民大学；2013年北京科技大学）公共管理的职业伦理，指的是公共管理中一些有约束性的价值观，一些在公共管理领域不可取消的标准和人格态度。

公共管理的职业伦理：（1）提供公共福利所有职业的公共组织的存在具有崇高的社会、社群或全球的目的。

公共组织的行为应促进这些价值：①满足公民合法和合理的需要；②促进公共利益；③改善人民的生活质量；④避免或尽量避免其行为给公民造成的损害；⑤使人民能够享受到公共服务带来的好处。

长安大学考博-3324-微机原理与应用考博简答题

1用二进制好处?答：二进制数在电气元件中容易实现、容易运算，在电子学中具有两种稳定状态以代表0和1。

而需要由0和1来代表的量很多。

如：电压的高和低，电灯的亮和灭，电容的充电和放电，脉冲的有和无，晶体管的导通和截止等。

电路中把正负极（高低电平）分别用0，1或者1，0来表示。

就用这些0，1，或者它们的组合，例如001，00，011，100，111等等来传递信息或命令。

总之，二进制在电路上很容易实现，然后把它作为基础可以扩展成四进制，八进制，十六进制等等，来实现更多的功能。

2.RET,CALL,IRET:答CALL: CPU先将下一条指令的地址压入堆栈保护起来，然后再将子陈旭入口地址赋给IP(或CS,IP),以便转到子程序执行。

RET:一般安排在程序末尾，执行RET时，CPU将堆栈顶部保留的返回地址弹到IP(或CS,IP),这样既可返回到CALL的下一条指令，继续执行主程序。

IRET:从中断服务子程序返回到被中断的程序继续执行。

先将堆栈中的断点地址弹道IP ,CS,接着将INT指令执行时压入堆栈的标志弹道标志寄存器，回复中断前的标志状态。

3堆栈和堆栈指针的区别堆栈式内存中的一个特定的区域，用以存放寄存器或者存储器中暂时不用又必须保存的数据，我们可以将堆栈看做是一个小存储器但不能随意存储。

Sp为堆栈指针寄存器，他在堆栈操作中存放栈顶偏移地址，永远指向堆栈的栈顶，在访问堆栈时作为指向堆栈的指针，在压入操作之前sp-2，弹出一个字，sp+2.4说明伪指令和机器指令的区别？机器指令是功能性语句，能够实现一定的操作功能，能够被翻译成机器代码；伪指令语句是指示性语句，只是为汇编程序在翻译成汇编语言时提供相关信息，并不产生机器代码。

5接口电路与系统总线相连时为什么要遵循“输入要经三态，输出要锁存”的原则？接口电路是介于主机和外设之间的一种缓冲电路，它使外设与总线隔离，起缓冲、暂存数据的作用。

因为数据总线是各种设备以及存储器传送数据的公共总线，任何设备都不允许长期占用数据总线，而仅允许被选中的设备在读／写周期中享用数据总线，这就需要接口电路为输入设备提供三态缓冲作用，只在读／写周期中为被选中的设备开放与系统数据总线的连接，即输入要经三态；另外，通过对CPU的输出总线周期的分析，相对于普通外设而言，CPU的输出周期很短，即#WR信号有效电平持续时间很短，无数据锁存能力的输出设备要在很短的时间内接收数据并驱动是几乎不可能的，所以需加锁存器锁存数据，在输出总线周期结束后，保持该数据提供外设使用，以协调主机和外设间数据传送速度不匹配的矛盾，即输出要锁存6请说明80386、80486CPU在存储器管理机制上有哪三种工作模式？80386有三种工作模式：实模式、保护模式和虚拟86模式。

医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：63

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t know much about politics,but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is somewhat of a/an（）.问题1选项A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家”；B选项adventurer“冒险家”；C选项braggart“吹牛者；好自夸者”；D选项humbler“谦虚的人”。

句意：他不了解政治，但他总脱口而出夸赞自己有多好。

他多少是个……。

C选项符合题意。

2.单选题The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.问题1选项A.collaborationB.worthC.triumphD.defect【答案】B【解析】merit“优点，价值，功绩”。

A选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；B选项worth“价值，财产”；C选项triumph“生理，凯旋”；D选项defect“缺点，不足之处”。

B选项与merit“价值”这一意思相近，因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and （）of specific folktales in their pristine form.问题1选项A.perpetuationB.perceptibilityC.perpetrationD.perplexity【答案】A【解析】考查形近名词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷10

2022年考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题They ______ the boat up onto the shore.问题1选项A.hauledB.handedC.heldD.heightened【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

句意：他们把船________岸。

A选项hauled“（用力）拖，拉”；B选项handed“递交；搀扶”；C选项held“抓住”；D选项heightened“提高；增加”。

根据语境，这里是指他们把船拖到岸上，所以A选项hauled“（用力）拖；拉”符合题意。

因此A选项正确。

2.单选题Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ______ formal language is used.问题1选项A.in whichB.on whichC.in thatD.at what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。

formal language is used是用来修饰situations的定语从句，并且是一个完整的句子，可知横线上的部分充当关系副词，根据短语in the situation可知横线部分表示地点，所以答案选A选项in which，B选项on which错误。

in what用法错误，故C选项in what错误。

at what用法错误，D选项at what错误。

句意：政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商务信函是使用正式语言的主要情况。

因此A选项正确。

3.单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ______ for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】Cavailable“可获得的”；D选项applicable“适用的”。

育明考博-人民大学商学院考博考试内容-参考书-如何申请-复习重点-真题分析

人大商学院考博考试内容-参考书-复习重点一、人大商学院博士复试考试（综合考试）内容专业考试流程及科目复试内容020205产业经济学 1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）” 2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目： ④商业经济学；⑤国际贸易理论与政策；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目： ④商业经济学；⑤国际贸易理论与政策； ⑥政治理论。

0202Z2 商业经济学 1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）”2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目： ④商业经济学；⑤国际贸易理论与政策；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目： ④商业经济学；⑤国际贸易理论与政策； ⑥政治理论。

120201 会计学 1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）” 2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；⑥政治理论。

120202 企业管理 1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）” 2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；⑥政治理论。

各专业的复试科目相同，内容不同笔试：总分150分，专业外语50分、专业水平100分（含专业知识、研究设计、研究方法等）。

面试:总分150分，外语听力及口语50分、综合素质部分100分（含学术基础、知识结构、科研能力等）。

120204 技术经济及管理 1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）”2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；⑥政治理论。

1202Z2 市场营销管理 1、初试考试科目：①②③“申请-审核-复试（综合考试）”2、跨一级学科考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目： ④财务管理；⑤战略管理；⑥政治理论。

首师大外国哲学专业考博英语真题-育明考博

首都师范大学外国哲学专业考博考试报录比一、首都师范大学外国哲学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容010103外国哲学2016年1人①1001英语或1002日语或1003俄语②2506现代西方哲学③3116西方哲学史基础①考生报考材料综合评定；②思想政治素质和道德品质考核；③外国语口语、听力测试；④专业水平面试；⑤部分院系加试笔试；⑥同等学力考生加试两门本专业硕士学位主干课程。

育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、首都师范大学外国哲学专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有1个研究方向：01现代西方哲学（陈嘉映）3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大，要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数，专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

4、复试说明:(1)报考材料评定分数作为录取参考，不计入复试成绩；(2)思想品德考核结果作为录取参考，不合格者不予录取；(3)同等学力加试成绩作为录取参考，成绩不及格者不予录取；(4)面试成绩或复试总成绩不及格者不予录取。

5、成绩折算方式：初试复试成绩各占50%育明教育考博分校针对首都师范大学外国哲学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（首都师范大学政法学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）二、首都师范大学外国哲学专业考博参考书（育明考博课程中心）专业名称参考书010103外国哲学《西方哲学史》，罗素，商务印书馆，《现代西方哲学新编》，赵敦华，北京大学出版社。

（首都师范大学政法学院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）三、育明考博总结首都师范大学考博复习策略（育明教育考博课程中心）首都师范大学考博整体的竞争还是比较大的，平均报录比在10:1左右。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题They have a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.a lasting fight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating 深刻的激励；C选项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争。

根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。

2.单选题Provided that my expense______，I will go with you for the investigation next week.问题1选项A.are paid forB.will be paidC.can be paidD.be paid for【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时态。

provided that表示“假如，设若”，在连接句子时相当于if，由主句中的will可知从句为一般现在时（主将从现）。

expense表示“费用（总称）”时为不可数名词，pay在此句中作及物动词，在主动句中pay的宾语为my expense，此处表示被动，因此选C。

句意：如果我的费用可以被支付，我下周就和你一起去调查。

3.单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it; it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第16期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Starting with the______that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument.问题1选项A.premiseB.pretextC.foundationD.presentation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。

根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。

句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。

2.单选题Singer and entertainer,（）for his beautiful and expressive voice.问题1选项A.was Frank Sinatra famousB.famous was Frank SinatraC.Frank Sinatra was famousD.was famous Frank Sinatra【答案】C【解析】考查同位语。

句意：法兰克辛纳屈，一个歌手及演员，他因美妙且富有表现力的声音而闻名。

在句子中singer and entertainer是对Frank Sinatra的同位语解释。

根据短语结构be famous for表示“因……而闻名”可知，本题正确答案为C项。

3.单选题I wouldn’t______to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

长安大学研究生期末英语考试题(答案)

长安大学2011-2012 学年第一学期硕士研究生英语试题（A）卷考生注意事项:一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。

两份试卷合并装订成试题册。

二．试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。

三．试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。

请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以免漏改、漏登成绩。

四．答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。

答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。

五．试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。

考试结束时间一到，考生一律停笔，将机读答题卡及主观答题纸留在座位上，待监考教师收点无误后，经主考教师宣布考试结束方可离开考场。

试卷一（Paper One）Part I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked [A],[B],[C]and [D].Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. When I was on the dole , I got ￡5.50 per week from the government and spent￡2.50 rent.[A] on drug [B] doped out [C] on welfare [D] on pension2. His speech was made with such great ambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could becertain of his true position.[A] neatness [B] acquisition [C] vagueness [D] perception3. The eating process is a time to show humility and concern for others.[A] modesty [B]abuse [C]responsibility [D] passion4. Some liberals dream of extending subsidies eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again.[A] in the black [B] in the red [C] in the blue [D] in the green5. While participation in business teams can offer enormous psychic satisfaction, it can also causegreat distress.[A] spiritual [B] physical [C] natural [D] equitable6. Even when government regulations appear specially formulated to support the culture of cuisine,they often go astray.[A] defined [B] collected [C] studied [D] stated7. Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems.[A] living [B] existing [C] having [D]acting8. Impatience, self-criticism and comparing oneself to others will not help in this process ofself-knowledge.[A] self-insight. [B] self-satisfaction [C] self-esteem [D] self-respect9. Under pressure, or change of interest, Potentials can partially or wholly disappear from view forconsiderable periods of time; but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.[A] expand [B]formulate [C] wipe out [D] get out10. Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowancepayment to help offset the higher cost of living.[A] welfare [B] reduction [C] dole [D]subsidySection B (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.11.Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of ________that you can count on to getthe job done.[A] science [B] technology[C] expertise [D]ability12. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between ________and industry.[A] academia [B]specialization [C]major [D]school13. Guangdong Province is located in southern China，with a_______climate and abundantproduce all year round.[A] harsh [B] mild [C]excessive [D]humid14. Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically_________.[A] sentenced [B] abused [C] treated unjustly [D] banished15. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show _________and concern for others.[A] hospitality [B] vigor [C] carefulness [D] humility16. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark ”in theirrelationship has gone and may ________regretfully and longingly about “the good days”.[A] reminisce [B] expect [C] wish [D] cuddle17. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectation, stereotypes, and _________.[A] disapproval [B] disappearance [C] discourage [D] disillusionment18. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the _________but on the home-front as well.[A] battlefront [B]endeavor [C] majesty [D] battlefield19. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in______ were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions , and the same aspirations as the men and women of today.[A] aspiration [B] antiquity [C] happiness [D] order20. Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and _________; it is thatindestructible matrix upon which the character is built.[A] alteration [B] improvement [C] disposition [D] naturePart II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions:Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] for each blank in the passage. Mark the correspondingletter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets onyour Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. [A] power [B] control [C] privilege [D] management22.[A] draw[B] take [C] withdraw [D] acquire23.[A] put [B] mold [C] fit [D] match24.[A] stick [B] form [C] shape [D] hold25.[A] born[B] produced [C] developed [D] bought26.[A] appear [B] peep [C] behold [D] disappear27.[A] something[B] anything [C] nothing [D] everything28. [A] perfect[B] common [C] ordinary [D] general29. [A]much [B] nominal [C] nothing [D]minority30. [A]Although[B] Therefore [C] Providing [D] Nevertheless31.[A] purpose[B] assignment [C] accomplishment [D] function32.[A] accommodates [B] inhabits[C] shelters [D] dormers33.[A] the latter [B] the forme r [C] the better [D] the later34.[A] realization [B] fulfillment [C] violation [D] accomplishment35.[A] and [B] but[C] thus [D] then36.[A] cry [B] shout [C] scream [D] criterion37.[A] hidden [B] covered[C] revealed [D] disclosed38.[A] develop [B] change [C] reform [D] disappear39.[A] laws[B] crust [C] principles [D] appearance40.[A] understanding [B] to be understood [C] being understood [D] to understandPart III READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 50 points)Directions:In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer [A],[B],[C]or [D], and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketon your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneActing is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!” But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as hedrove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!41. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.[A] actors are very unusual people[B] the course at the drama school lasts two years[C] acting is really a hard job[D] there are already too many actors42. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.[A] do all kinds of stage work [B] work for long hours[C] wait for a better company[D] act well43. According to the context, the sentence "But young actors with the stage in their blood arehappy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.[A] they don't care if their job is hard[B] they like the stage naturally[C] they are born happy[D] they are easily satisfied44. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.[A] learning some lessons about the art of speaking[B] playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"[C] successfully matching the most famous actors[D] a cting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time45. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.[A] all at once [B] once for a long time[C] once in a while [D] once and for allPassage TwoDesegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages ofeighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college.Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed.46. What is the main idea of the passage?[A] Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically blackinstitutions.[B] The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expandedopportunities for white students too.[C] Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the UnitedStates.[D] Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities forblack and white students alike.47. What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?[A] It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higherinstitutions.[B] It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination againstblacks.[C] It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.[D] It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- andmiddle-class black people were intensified.48. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregatedcolleges and universities?[A] Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools inthe United States.[B] It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.[C] It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.[D] The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled incollege greatly increased.49. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .[A] get enrolled in traditionally white colleges[B] get enrolled in traditionally black institutions[C] complete college[D] get a Doctor’s Degree in science50. Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?[A] The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after theopening up of segregated institutions.[B] They created many problems for their students.[C] They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship.[D] The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.Passage ThreeWhat might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car would enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. (入口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the drive would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespasser(非法进入者)could swiftly identified by authorities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automated control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.51. We learn from the first paragraph that two system of automated highways____[A] are being planned [B] are being modified[C] are now in wide use [D] are under construction52. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that .[A]it would require only minor changes to existing highways[B] it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency[C]it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles[D] it offers more lanes for automated vehicles53. Which of the following is true about driving on automated highway?[A]Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations[B] A car can join existing traffic anytime in a mixed lane system[C] The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it[D] The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles54. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane—[A] by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane[B] by ways of a ramp with electronic control devices[C] through a specially guarded gate[D] after all trespassers are identified and removed55. When driving in an automated lane, the driver___[A] should harmonized with newly entering cars[B] doesn’t have to rely on his computer s ystem[C] should watch out for potential accidents[D] doesn’t have to hold on to the steering wheelPassage FourI had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation-would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.56. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?[A] They lived out a natural life.[B] They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.[C] They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.[D] They died due to lack of care by family members.57. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.[A] he wanted to console the two families[B] he was an official from the community[C] he had great sympathy for the deceased[D] he was priest of the local church58. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________[A] they couldn't find a better way to express their grief[B] they believe that they were responsible[C] they had neglected the natural course of events[D] they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction59. In the context of the passage, "…… the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.[A] everything in the world is predetermined[B] the world can be interpreted in different ways[C] there's an explanation for everything in the world[D] we have to be sensible in order to understand the world60. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.[A] everybody is at their command[B] life and death is an unsolved mystery[C] every story should have a happy ending[D] their wishes are the cause of everything that happensPassage FiveAccording to some individuals, if your house is built in the right position, this may affectyour success in life, which seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference between good fortune and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will alter their plans for even their biggest buildings.Like many Oriental beliefs the geomant's skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on the right spot as well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protect them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and will bring long life. Other factors, such as the owner's time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk.Indeed, to ignore the geomant's advice can have fatal results. The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Brucee Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomant's advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumstances.Not only is Feng-Shui still used in South East Asia, but it has also spread right across the world. Even in modern New York a successful commercial artist called Milton Glaser has found it useful. He was so desperate after his office was broken into six times that he consulted a geomant. He was told to install a fish tank with six black fish and fix a red clock to the ceiling. Since then he has not been burglarized once. It may seem an incredible story, but no other suitable explanation has been offered.61. From the passage we can infer that Feng-Shui is NOT used in ______.[A] Hong Kong [B] the United States[C] Japan [D] Thailand62. Geomants believe that ______.[A] houses must only be painted red[B] houses must face mountains[C] nature and life should be in harmony[D] green is an unlucky color63. Geomants think that the reason for Bruce Lee's death is that ______.[A] he didn't follow the geoma nt’s advice[B] he installed an eight-sided mirror[C] he misunderstood the geomant's advice[D] a storm damaged the protection for his house64. The story of Milton Glaser shows that ______.[A] colors are not important in geomancy[B] geomancy is used by artists[C] geomancy is used in the West[D] the fight against crime is being won65. Which of the following best describes geomancy?[A] It is a style of Oriental decoration.[B] It is a type of painting.[C] it is an ancient Chinese belief called Feng-Shui.[D] It is an architectural design.试卷二（Paper Two）译写答题注意事项:一、本试卷（Paper Two）答题一律写在主观答题纸（Answer Sheet II）上，草稿纸及试题测上的答案内容一律不予计分。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：65

2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The human voice often sounds （）on the phone.问题1选项A.twistedB.irregularC.deformedD.distorted【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项twisted adj.扭曲的；B选项irregular adj.不规则的，无整齐的；C选项 deformed adj.丑陋的，畸形的；D选项distorted adj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。

根据human voice可知，D项符合搭配。

句意：人声在电话里听起来总是有些失真。

2.单选题______for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain 【答案】C【解析】考查句子结构。

由句子结构可知，there be句型在此处作独立结构。

A选项there be句型与后半句之间缺少连接词；B选项Having no rain逻辑关系不正确；C选项和D选项都属于独立主格结构，但使用完成时更能表现因很久未下雨而导致的结果；因此，正确答案是C项。

句意：因为长时间没有下雨，地里干枯得很厉害。

3.单选题It is high time that you______the test paper and______it in.问题1选项A.finish, handB.finished, handedC.finished, to handD.have finished, handed【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。

It is high time that sb. did sth.为固定句型，属于虚拟语气的一种，表示“是某人做某事的时候了” ，句中的and为并列连接词，因此都填动词的过去式，选B。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第78期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We are not sure that he will be able to （）the shock of going bankrupt.问题1选项A.get overB.put throughC.take upD.depend upon【答案】A【解析】get over 克服，恢复，熬过；put through 接通，完成，使经受；take up拿起，开始从事；depend upon依赖，取决于。

句意：我们不确定他能否从破产的打击中恢复过来。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were accommodated.问题1选项A.put upB.put downC.put inD.put over 【答案】A【解析】accommodated在这里指容纳，安置。

put up提供，建造，举起；put down 放下，镇压；put in 提交，放入；put over 推迟，驶过。

选项A放在句中最为恰当，符合语境。

3.单选题然而, 研究人员在报告中提醒说, 相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说, 这些益处简直微不足道。

问题1选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits don't outweigh the risk of more serious ailments.B.However, researchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailments.C.However, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits don't indolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments.【答案】A【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意賅，最为恰当。