2021年英语专八考试阅读理解练习试题及答案

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专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷13(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷13(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.People are moving to cities in droves. In 1950, two-thirds of the worlds’population lived in the countryside. New York was then the only settlement with more than 10 million people. Today there are 20 such megacities, and more are on the way. Most of these megacities are in developing countries that are struggling to cope with both the speed and the scale of human migration. Estimates of the future spread of urbanization are based on the observation that in Europe, and in North and South America, the urban share of the total population has stabilized at 75%--85%. If the rest of the world follows this path it is expected that in the next decade an extra 100 million people will join the cities of Africa, and 340 million the cities of Asia: the equivalent of a new Bangkok every two months. By 2030 nearly two-thirds of the world’s population will be urban. In the long run, that is good news. If countries now industrialising follow the pattern of those that have already done so, their city-dwellers will be both more prosperous and healthier. Man is gregarious species, and the Words “urbane” and “civilised” both derive from the advantages of living in large settlements. History also shows, though, that the transition can be uncomfortable. The slums of Manchester were, in their time, just as awful as those of Nairobi today. But people moved there for exactly the same reason: however nasty conditions seemed, the opportunities of urban life outstripped those of the countryside. The question is how best to handle the change. If there is one thing that everybody agrees on, it is that urbanization is unstoppable. Migrants attempting to escape poverty, and refugees escaping conflict, are piling into cities in what the executive director of UN-HABITAT, Anna, Tibailjuka, describes as “premature urbanization.”Dr Tibaijuka believes it might be possible to slow the pace of migration from the countryside with policies that enhance security and rural livelihoods. There is room for debate, though, over whether better rural development in any form can seriously slow the pace of urbanisation -- or even whether such a slowdown would be a good thing. Michael Mutter, an urban planning adviser at the British government’s Department for International Development (DFID), says that the relevant indicators suggest that in many countries the effective “carrying capacity”of rural areas has been reached. As happened in Europe in the 18th century, population growth and technological improvements to agriculture are creating a surplus population. That surplus has to go somewhere to earn its living. Indeed, some people go so far so to argue that governments, international donors and aidagencies spend too much on rural development and neglect the cities. Most countries have a rural development policy, but only a few have urban ones. DFID, for example, spends only 5% of its budget directly on urban development. Moreover, these critics point out that, although rural areas often have worse sanitation, illiteracy and homelessness than cities, such figures are deceptive. Being illiterate, homeless or without access to a flush toilet are far more serious problems in a crowded city than in the countryside. Of the many lessons being learnt from past urban-development failures, one of the most important is that improvements must involve local people in a meaningful way. Even when it comes to the poorest slumdwellers, some governments and city authorities are realizing that people are their own greatest assets. Slumdwellers International is a collection of “grassroots” federations of people living in slums. Its idea is simple. Slum-dwellers in a particular place get together and form a federation to strengthen local savings and credit schemes, and to lobby for greater co- operation with the authorities. Such federations are having a big impact on slum-upgrading schemes around the world. By surveying local needs and acting as voices for slum-dwellers, these federations have been able to show the authorities that slum-dwellers are not simply a homogenous and anonymous mass of urban poor, but are real people in need of real services. They have also been able to apply pressure for improvements in security of tenure-- either through temporary guarantees of residency or, better still, formal ownership. Such secure tenure gives people an incentive to improve their dwellings and is thus the crucial first step to upgrading a slum into a suburb. Over the past six years, South Africa’s government has been pursuing an active programme of housing improvement. The government quickly realized that, with the poor in the majority, providing social housing for all would be impossible. The minister for housing, Sakie Mthembi-Mahanyele, says the approach that has worked so far has been a combination of government, the private sector and the poor themselves. The poor, says Mrs Mthembi-Mahanyele, have responsibilities, and the government meets them halfway. Those with an income are expected to contribute some of it to the building of their houses. Those without are asked to contribute “sweat equity” by helping to build with their own hands. South Africa has also transferred ownership of more than 380,000 council houses, worth more than 28 billion rand ($2.7 billion) to private individuals. With these houses as collateral for loans, owners have already started to upgrade and improve their properties. There is still a long way to go. An estimated 2-3 million more houses are needed. She adds that the government is still wrestling with financial institutions to get a better deal for the poor.1．The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A．the side effects of urbanizationB．megacities in developing countriesC．the causes behind immigration to citiesD．ways to slow down the pace of immigration正确答案：B解析：主旨题。

英语专八阅读理解练习附答案

英语专八阅读理解练习附答案英语专八阅读理解练习附答案篇一Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America’s most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger topeople’s health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night. The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside→← us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noisethat causes annoyance and irritability in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there areindications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposedto industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.1.In Paragraph 1, the phrase immune to are used to mean ___.A.unaffected byB.hurt byC.unlikely to be seen byD.unknown by2.The author’s attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.4.The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.A.is against the lawB.can make some people irritableC.is a nuisanceD.in a ganger to people’s health5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ___.possible.C.a waste of moneyD.essential答案：ACCDD英语专八阅读理解练习附答案篇二Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, asnoted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college studentsto members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues morerecently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. Infact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.ConsiderDarwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the otherhand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling giverise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interestingfindings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report morepositive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawingsof people or situations) as being morehumorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles,such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that theso-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and asubtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward theeyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning toA curiousB unhappyC thoughtfulD uncertain2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order toA differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB upport Darwin's theory of evolutionC provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning toA estimateB agreeC expectD understand4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people ofNew Guinea?A They did not want to be shown photographs.B They were famous for their story-telling skills.C They knew very little about Western culture.D They did not encourage the expression of emotions.5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that werenot expressed?A They would become less intense.B They would last longer than usual.C They would cause problems later.D They would become more negative.参考答案：B C B C A。

专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案

专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案不吃饭则饥，不读书则愚。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理专业八级英语考试阅读理解练习题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totallyeliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medici ne against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”习题1.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered2. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients3. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off4. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potential全文翻译“我有极大的信心相信到这个十年期结束时我们将会详尽地知晓癌细胞的生成原因，”一位癌症专家和微生物学家罗伯特•温伯格说道。

英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案

英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案经常不断地学习，你就什么都知道。

你知道得越多，你就越有力量。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级阅读考试训练试题附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people she seemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married the doctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large. When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden balls as large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods. He smoked a cob pipe and after his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window that was covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day in August he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy there were the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the Heffner Block above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly, building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth he erected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have the truths to erect other pyramids.Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothesfor ten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at the knees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pockets into which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scraps of paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled he dumped them out upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another old man named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood, old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threw them at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering old sentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girl who became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It is delicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards of Winesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard with frost underfoot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. They have been put in barrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten in apartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On the trees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers have rejected. They look like the knuckles of Doctor Reefy’ s hands. One nibbles at them and they are delicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gathered all of its sweetness. One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground picking the gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the few know the sweetness of the twisted apples.The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summer afternoon. He was forty-five then and already he had begun the practice of filling his pockets with the scraps of paper that became hard balls and were thrown away. The habit had beenformed as he sat in his buggy behind the jaded grey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were written thoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out of many of them he formed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truth clouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the little thoughts began again.The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in the family way and had become frightened. She was in that condition because of a series of circumstances also curious.The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land that had come down to her had set a train of suitors on her heels. For two years she saw suitors almost every evening. Except two they were all alike. They talked to her of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voices and in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were much unlike each other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son of a jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with her he was never off the subject. The other, a black-haired boy with large ears, said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where he began to kiss her.For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry the jeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her and then she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity she began to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times it seemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. She imagined him turning it slowly about in the white hands and staring at it. At night she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws weredripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way to the one who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actually did bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed...-..-.After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed to her that she never wanted to leave him again. She went into his office one morning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened to her.In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the man who kept the bookstore in Winesburg. Like all old-fashioned country practitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held a handkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when the tooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's white dress. The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the woman and the man had gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country with me," he said.For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were together almost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in an illness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twisted apples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon the round perfect fruit that is eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of her acquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following spring she died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughts he had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed and stuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.1.According to the story Doctor Reefy’s life seems very __________.A. eccentricB. normalC. enjoyableD. optimistic2.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the family way. The phrase “in the family way” means____________.A. troubledB. PregnantC. twistedD. cheated3.Doctor Reef lives a ___________ life.A. happyB. miserableC. easy-goingD. reckless4. The tall dark girl’s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to bea _____ one.A. transientB. understandableC. perfectD. funny5. Doctor Reef’s paper balls probably symbolize his ______.A eagerness to shut himself away from societyB suppressed desire to communicate with peopleC optimism about lifeD cynical attitude towards life参考答案：A B B A B。

2021英语专八阅读训练题及答案

2021英语专八阅读训练题及答案英语专八阅读训练题及答案Equality of OpportunityThese days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based onmerit. For ‘aristocracy’read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether youare ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.[B] Equality means money.[C] There is no such society as classless society.[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’exists.[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.3. Who can obtain more rapid success[A] those with wealth.[B] Those with the best brains.[C] Those with the best opportunities.[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because[A] money decides everything.[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.[D] Wealth is used for political ends.5. According to the author, ‘class divisions’refers to[A] the rich and the poor.[B] Different opportunities for people.[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.[D] Genius and stupidity.答案详解：1. A 二十世纪平等的机遇并没有摧毁阶级。

英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解

英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解The Result of the Falling US DollarLike a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. gover____ent wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good bees cheaper. U.S. panies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. panies eventually will be more petitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-orientedU.S. panies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.Improving U.S. petitiveness means a decline in another’s petitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.[B] The result of the U.S. falling dollar.[C] The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.[D] Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.[A] prosperity. [B] decline. [C] richness. [D] import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried aboutthe falling dollar?[A] Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.[B] Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.[C] Because it may do damage to their trade.[D] Because it may make Japanese pany lesspetitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?[A] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.[C] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.[D] Inflation could flare up.答案详解：1. B.美元下跌的结果。

专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

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So waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that emerges as the two dancers do their individual steps incoordination, as a couple.Similarly, doing things with language is also different from the sum of the speaker speaking and the listener listening. It is the joint action that e m e r g e swhen speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates bothindividual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writersand readers, must carry out actions as individuals, if they are to succeed in theiruse of language. But they must also work together as participants in the social units I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms, and legs, andjoint actions, coordinating these movements, as they create the waltz. In the past, language use has been s tudiedas if it were entirely an i ndividual process. And ithas also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as joint actions built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work, I'd like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I mean the scene in which language use takes place, plus the medium - which refers to whether language use is spoken o r wri t t en. And in t his talk, I'll focus onspoken settings. The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation - either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they're all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. I'll call these personal settings.Then we have what I would call nonpersonal settings. A typical example is them o no l o g ue. In m onol o gues, one person speaks with l ittle or no opportunity forinterruption, or turns by members of the audience. Monologues come in m a n yvarieties too, as a professor lectures to a class, or a student giving a presentation to a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formulated themselves for the audience before them, and the audience isn't expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which are called institutional settings, the participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, butthey are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official holding a news conference, alawyer cross ��questioning a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous,even though turns at speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways.The person speaking isn't always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples infictional se t t ings. Vivian L eigh p laysScarle t t O'Hara in \sings alove songin front of a live audience, the speakers areeach vocalizing words composed by someone else - for instance a playwright or a composer - and are openly pretending to beexpressing opinions that aren't necessarily their own. Finally there are private settings when people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else, for example, I might explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solvinga researchproblem, or rehearsingwhat I'mabout to say ina semi nar tomo r r ow.What I say isn't intended t o be recognized by other people, it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings.SECTION B T ALKW: Good evening, I'm Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang.M: Hello.W: Professor W a n g, you're now professor emeritus of Australia National University, and in your long academic career, you've worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor, and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you're still very fond o f youruniversity days as a student.M: That's right. That was in 1949. The university that I went to was a brand ��new university then, and the only one in the country at that time. WhenI look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.W: How did the students like you, for example, study then?M: We didn't study very hard, because we didn't have to. We didn't have allthis fantastic competitionthat you have today. Mmm. We were always made tofeel that getting a first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decideon our careers, and we had such a good time. We were left very much on ourown, and we were encouraged to make things happen.W: What do you see as the most striking difference in university education since then?M: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Thingsare very specialized today.W: Yes, definitely so. And, in your subsequent career experience as an educator and later administrator in various institutions of higher education inAsia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you h ave repeatedly noted that one has tolook at the development of education in one particular country in a broad context. What do you mean by that?M: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universitiesto meet the needs of mass education, and entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providingjobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the emphasis of university programs today is now onthe practical and the utilitarian, rather than on a general education or on personal development.W: Do you think that is a welcome development?M: Well ,I personally regret this development. But the basi c bachelor's education n ow has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to findadecent job.W: So you're concerned about this development.M: Yes, I'mvery concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills, which don't require you to become very well educated. Y et, if you c an m aster those skills, you can get very good j o bs. So thetechnical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense o f traditional universitites.W: Professor Wang, let's look ata different issue. How do you c o m m e n t onthe current phenomenon because of the fees they pay?M: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you h ave to pass themas well . But this is the development in e ducationthat we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

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专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析"Can not help but always sad, so slowly learned to hide."以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级阅读理解训练题及解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!As Michael Jackson made the unfortunate transition from pop-music icon to tabloid staple，one of the most common lines of attack was on his ever-changing appearance, the way his skin dramatically lightened in color, and his face altered in structure.What's most tragic about Jackson's death, aside from the fact that it comes as he was mounting a comeback to include a sold-out 50-show residence at London's 02 Arena，is that what people will remember about him is his changing face. What they should remember：The way he changed the face of pop music.Jackson first came to prominence as the pint-size nucleus of his family band, the Jackson 5. He quickly became the focal point of the group because of his popular cuteness and, of course, that voice. What was so remarkable about the young Michael was his ability to co mmunicate youthful innocence’ or premature wisdom, or sometimes both at the same time. It was no small feat for the same preteen to credibly deliver shrewd stories of love and loss like “I Want You Back" and "The Love You Save", as well as he carried off c utesy soul ditties like “ ABC" and "Rockin' Robin". He led the group to four No. 1 singles.But his watershed moments came after he came out of his awkward teenage years. At 20, Jackson starred in the film version of The Wiz, at which point he met Quincy Jones, who agreed to produce his fifth solo album, Off the Wall. The record was a mature, sexy blend of pop soul with a heavy, danceable discogroove. Having spent his earlier years trying to straddle vocal adolescence，he effortlessly became an adult. It certainly helped that Jackson was so adept at using that voice, and that he had a set of amazing songs to work with, among them "Don't Stop Til You Get Enough" and “Rock With You", in which Jackson sings lyrics that perfectly describe his own gifted footwork："When you dance, there's a magic that must be love.“As stunning an artistic statement as Off the Wall was, it did little to prepare anyone for the cultural phenomenon that was his subsequent album, Thriller. Jackson’s goal was to create an album in which every song was a hit. He didn't quite accomplish that, but he did create a classic pop album that fans zealously snatched up (to the tune of an estimated 100 million copies worldwide to date) and that solidified his status as the King of Pop. Debate still rages about whether Off the Wall or Thriller is stronger as an album. But the sea change Jackson created with Thriller had less to do with the music than with the medium.At the height of MTV, Jackson became the first black artist to create a fan base using his image rather than in spite d it. His grasp of performance and presentation remains without parallel.Jackson's subsequent albums failed to reach the heights of Thriller. But Jackson retained his knack for spectacle. Every music video he released was a major event, which is why MTV's lifetime-achievement statue at its annual awards show still bears his name. As a singer, as a songwriter, as a performer, as a dancer, Jackson remains among the most gifted ’ imaginative ’ larger-than-life musician of any race that has ever come along. Whatever changed about him over the years, that certainly didn't.1. According to Paragraph Two, which of the following is NOT true aboul Jackson's tragic death?[A] He had been busy preparing for his comeback shows before he died. [B] The tickets to his comeback shows had been sold out before he died. [C] His ever-changing appearance had negative effects on him. [D] People don't remember the way he changed the face of pop music.2. Which of the following is true about Jackson's songs mentioned in this passage?[A] "I Want You Back", "The Love You Save", "ABC" and "Rockin' Robin" were the four No. 1 singles of Jackson 5.[B] Jackson failed to convey the meaning trf love and loss in the songs "I Want You Back" and "The Love You Save".[C] "Don't Stop Til You Get Enough" and "Rock With You" were from Off the Wall, which was his first solo album.[D] Jackson's wonderful dancing skills were vividly described in the lyrics of “ Rock With You".3. "Straddle" in Paragraph Four can be best replaced by[A] deal with. [B] get over. [C] avoid. [D] end.4. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph Five?[A] Every song in Thriller was a success.[B] Thriller was more successful than Off the Wall.[C] Jackson had already been recognized as the King of Pop before Thriller. [D] Some of Jackson's fans still minded his image as a black person.5. The tone of the passage can be best described as[A] commendatory. [B] derogatory. [C] critical. [D] neutral.2009年6月25日.美国“流行天王”迈克尔杰克逊在洛杉矾突发心脏病离世,终年50岁。

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2021年专业英语八级阅读训练试题及答案：WomenandFashionsWomen and FashionsWhenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing abouttheir appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so- called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons areout. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are takenin or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort anddurability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.1. The main idea of this passage is[A] New fashions in clothes reflect the qualities of women.[B] New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.[C] The top designers seem to have the right to creating new fashion.[D] Men have the basic quality of reliability.2. Why do the general appearance of actresses look ludicrous?[A] Because they want their appearance in the fashion.[B] Because the top designers want them to follow the fashion.[C] Because the top designers want them to make fashion.[D] Because the top designers want them to lead the fashion.3. Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?[A] They love new fashion. [B] They love new clothes.[C] They want to look beautiful. [D] They are too vain.4. What are fashion designers interested in?[A] Outward appearance. [B] Comfort.[C] Beauty. [D] Durability.答案详解：1. B. 创制新时装就是对妇女的商业性剥削。

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英语专八完整试题及答案一、听力理解（Part I Listening Comprehension）Section A: Mini-Lecture1. The speaker mentioned several benefits of learning a second language. What are they?- A. Improved cognitive abilities- B. Enhanced job prospects- C. Increased cultural understanding- D. All of the above2. According to the lecture, what is the most challenging aspect of learning a new language?- A. Vocabulary acquisition- B. Grammar rules- C. Pronunciation- D. Cultural nuancesSection B: Interview3. What is the main topic of the interview?- A. The impact of technology on education- B. The role of arts in society- C. The importance of environmental conservation- D. The future of space exploration4. What does the interviewee suggest as a solution to thediscussed issue?- A. Government intervention- B. Public awareness campaigns- C. International collaboration- D. Technological innovation二、阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension）Passage 15. What is the main idea of the passage?- A. The history of the English language- B. The evolution of English literature- C. The influence of English on global communication- D. The development of English as a global lingua franca6. The author uses which of the following to support their argument?- A. Historical events- B. Personal anecdotes- C. Scientific studies- D. Survey resultsPassage 27. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?- A. To persuade readers to adopt a healthier lifestyle- B. To inform readers about the latest health trends- C. To critique the current state of healthcare- D. To provide a comprehensive review of a health-related topic8. What is the author's stance on the topic discussed?- A. Skeptical- B. Supportive- C. Neutral- D. Critical三、语言知识（Part III Language Knowledge）9. Which of the following is the correct form of the verb "to be" in the past tense for the third person singular?- A. am- B. is- C. are- D. was10. The word "irrespective" is closest in meaning to:- A. regardless- B. respective- C. perspective- D. prospective四、翻译（Part IV Translation）Section A: English to Chinese11. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:- "The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."Section B: Chinese to English12. Translate the following sentence into English:- "随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

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2021年英语专八考试阅读理解练习试题及答案As Gilbert White，Darwin， and others observed long ago，all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult： some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns， one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters; that is， rates of birth， death， and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters，with vital rates buffeted by environmental events;theserates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses， but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing， no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth，death， and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages， if there were no density-dependent effects， the population would， in the long run， either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。

英语专业八级阅读练习及答案

英语专业八级阅读练习及答案英语专业八级阅读练习及答案通过考级培养英语学习者的学习兴趣与语言的实际应用能力，建立完整的教学评价与检验体系，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级阅读练习及答案，希望大家能有所收获，Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kindbecause they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information.'T alk, talk, talk,’the advocates of violence say,‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’the barrister replied,‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?[A]Advocating Violence.[B]Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.[C]Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.[D]The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2.Recorded history has taught us ___________[A]violence never solves anything.[B]nothing.[C]the bloodshed means nothing.[D]everything.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ___________[A]can’t get a hearing.[B]are looked down upon.[C]are persecuted.[D]Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.“He was none the wiser” means ___________[A]he was not at all wise in listening.[B]He was not at all wiser than nothing before.[C]He gains nothing after listening.[D]He makes no sense of the argument.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ___________[A]law enforcement.[B]knowledge.[C]nonviolence.[D]Mopping up the violent mess.Vocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺;n.赃物3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂声eg.when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。

完整版)英语专业八级阅读及参考答案

完整版)英语专业八级阅读及参考答案___ the upper 15 miles of the Earth's surface。

but they can happen at depths up to about 460 miles。

As the depth increases。

the number of ___。

At around 460 miles。

earthquakes only occur every few years。

Near the surface。

earthquakes can happen as often as 100 times in a month。

but the ___。

the number of ___ small compared to the total number of ___.A。

The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth。

(This cannot be ___ the sea and give rise to seismic sea waves。

but does not provide n on the ___.)There is a type of ___ - the one ___。

this is incorrect as they have nothing to do with tides。

Submarine earthquakes can give rise to these waves。

which are not noticeable out at sea due to their long ___。

when they reach harbors。

they pile up into walls of water that can be 6 to 60 feet high。

The Japanese call them "tsunamis," meaning "harbor waves," because they only ___.___ of up to 500 miles an hour。

2021专八阅读理解练习题附答案

2021专八阅读理解练习题附答案：地理环境【导语】备考英语专八考试的同学们，无忧考英语频道特别整理了《202*专八阅读理解练习题附答案：地理环境》一文，希望对大家备考有所帮助，在此预祝大家顺利通过考试。

202*专八阅读理解练习题附答案：地理环境Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes. they are not always found at the boundaries of the greatdrifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of chem lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The bot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.Africa and South America. for example. are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots. anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.The significance of hot spots is not confined lo their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they alsohave an important influence on the geophysical processes chat propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot. the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hoc spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).1.We can learn from che first paragraphthat_____________.A. there are no volcanic activities on hoc spotsB. most hoc spots are located in the inner part of a plateC. hot spots usually lie. at che boundaries of drifting plates;D. the passage of plates through hot spots will leave dead volcanoes2.The author believes that_____________.A) the motion of the plates corresponds to thar of the earth's interiorB) the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be trueC) the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directionsD) the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart3.That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that_________.A) the two continents are still moving in opposite directionsB) they have been found to share certain geological featuresC) the African plate has been stable for 30 million yearsD) over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe4.The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining__________.A) the structure of the African plates.B) the revival of dead volcanoes.C) the mobility of the continents.D) the formation of new oceans.5.The passage is mainly about______________.A) the features of volcanic activitiesB) the importance of the theory about drifting platesC) the significance of hot spots in geophysical studiesD) the process of the formation of volcanoes答案：1.从文章第一段我们可以知道，_____________。

2021年英语专业八级真题参考答案

2021年英语专业八级真题参考答案
大民说英语
主要共享英语竞赛、四六级、四八级、CATTI、讲座会议、课题申报等资讯。

61篇原创内容
公众号
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
SECTION B INTERVIEW
PART II READING COMPREHENSION SECTION A
SECTION B
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
注：答案以最终出版的试卷为准。

专八考试题型及分值比例
英语专业八级考试总共有五大题型，分别是听力理解、阅读理解、语言知识、翻译、写作。

其中，听力理解包含讲座(MINI-LECTURE)和会话(INTERVIEW)这两种题型；阅读理解包含选择题(MULTIPLE-
CHOICE QUESTIONS)和简答题(SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)这两种题型。

注：语言知识题其实就是改错题，不是人文知识。

来源：大民说英语综合自华研外语、@有道考神建坤老师、华南翻译市场。

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Put another way， it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes， and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant，and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet， whether recognized or not， they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation， we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the signal ecologists aretrying to isolate and interpret， one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones， while the density-independent effects act to produce noise in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant，or that oscillate around repeated cycles， the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described，even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations， we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independenteffects in varying proportions.1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A] Discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance.[B] Describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.[C] Proposing a hypothesis concerning population size and suggesting ways to test it.[D] Posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and presenting some currently accepted answer.2. It can be inferred from the text that the author considers the dichotomy discussed to be[A] Applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.[B] instrumental， but only if its limitations are recognized.[C] Dangerously misleading in most circumstances.[D] A complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena.3.According to the text， all of the following behaviors have been exhibited by different populations EXCEPT[A] Roughly constant population levels from year to year.[B] Regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers.[C] Erratic increases in numbers correlated with the weather.[D] Unchecked increases in numbers over many generations.4. The discussion concerning population in the third paragraph serves primarily to[A] Demonstrate the difficulties ecologists face in studying density-dependent factors limiting population growth.[B] Advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth.[C] Prove that the death rates of any population are never entirely density-independent.[D] underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulating long-term population densities.5. In the text， the author does all of the following EXCEPT[A] Cite the views of other biologists.[B] Define a basic problem that the text addresses.[C] Present conceptual categories used by other biologists.[D] Describe the results of a particular study.答案与考点解析1.「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。