课时提升作业(二十六) 必修3 1

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2019高一数学必修三课时提升作业(一).doc

2019高一数学必修三课时提升作业(一).doc

课时提升作业(一)算法的概念(25分钟60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)1.(2015·长沙高一检测)下列关于算法的描述正确的是( )A.算法与求解一个问题的方法相同B.算法只能解决一个问题,不能重复使用C.算法过程要一步一步执行,每步执行的操作必须确切D.有的算法执行完后,可能无结果【解析】选C.算法与求解一个问题的方法既有区别又有联系,故A不对;算法能重复使用,故B不对;每个算法执行后必须有结果,故D不对;由算法的有序性和确定性可知C正确.2.(2015·鹰潭高一检测)下列叙述能称为算法的个数为( )①植树需要运苗、挖坑、栽苗、浇水这些步骤;②顺序进行下列运算:1+1=2,2+1=3,3+1=4,…,99+1=100;③从枣庄乘火车到徐州,从徐州乘飞机到广州;④3x>x+1;⑤求所有能被3整除的正数,即3,6,9,12,….A.2B.3C.4D.5【解析】选B.①②③是算法,④⑤均不存在确定的步骤,因此不是.3.(2015·南昌高一检测)一个算法的步骤如下:如果输入x的值为-3,则输出z的值为( )第一步,输入x的值;第二步,计算x的绝对值y;第三步,计算z=2y-y;第四步,输出z的值.A.4B.5C.6D.8【解析】选B.分析算法中各变量、各语句的作用,再根据算法的步骤可知:该算法的作用是计算并输出z=2y-y的函数值.第一步,输入x=-3.第二步,计算x的绝对值y=3.第三步,计算z=2y-y=23-3=5.第四步,输出z的值为5.4.早上从起床到出门需要洗脸刷牙(5min)、刷水壶(2min)、烧水(8min)、泡面(3min)、吃饭(10min)、听广播(8min)几个步骤,从下列选项中选最好的一种算法( )A.洗脸刷牙、刷水壶、烧水、泡面、吃饭、听广播B.刷水壶、烧水同时洗脸刷牙、泡面、吃饭、听广播C.刷水壶、烧水同时洗脸刷牙、泡面、吃饭同时听广播D.吃饭同时听广播、泡面、烧水同时洗脸刷牙、刷水壶【解析】选C.因为A选项共用时间36min,B选项共用时间31min,C选项共用时间23min,D选项的算法步骤不符合常理.所以最好的一种算法为C选项.5.现用若干张扑克牌进行扑克牌游戏,小明背对小亮,让小亮按下列四个步骤操作:第一步,分发左、中、右三堆牌,每堆牌不少于两张,且各堆牌的张数相同. 第二步,从左边一堆拿出两张,放入中间一堆.第三步,从右边一堆拿出一张,放入中间一堆.第四步,左边一堆有几张牌,就从中间一堆拿出几张牌放入左边一堆.这时,小明准确地说出了中间一堆牌现有的张数,你认为中间一堆牌的张数是( ) A.4 B.5 C.6 D.8【解析】选B.按各放3张,可以算出答案是5,各放x张答案也是一样.原因如下:设每堆有x张,经过四个步骤后,中间一堆有(x+3)-(x-2)=5(张). 【补偿训练】小明中午放学回家自己煮面条吃,有下面几道工序:①洗锅盛水2分钟;②洗菜6分钟;③准备面条及佐料2分钟;④用锅把水烧开10分钟;⑤煮面条3分钟.以上各道工序,除了④之外,一次只能进行一道工序.小明要将面条煮好,最少要用的分钟数为( )A.13B.14C.15D.23【解析】选C.①洗锅盛水2分钟;②用锅把水烧开10分钟(同时②洗菜6分钟,③准备面条及佐料2分钟);⑤煮面条3分钟,共为15分钟.二、填空题(每小题5分,共15分)6.(2015·滁州高一检测)下列各式中S的值不能用算法求解的是.①S=13+23+33+43+ (1003)②S=错误!未找到引用源。

课时提升作业 三 必修1 Module 3

课时提升作业 三 必修1 Module 3

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课时提升作业三必修1Module 3(建议用时30分钟)Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. In the zoo the little boy saw frightening tigers but he wasn’t frightened. (frighten)2. Would you mind telling (tell) me how old you are?3. It might be a day or even two before the abandoned(abandon) vehicle aroused suspicion.4. The soldiers were exhausted(exhaust) after a month’s fight.5. Hearing(hear) their teacher’s voice, the students stopped talking at once.6. I had a big meal cooked (cook) by the experts in this restaurant.7. In reference (refer) to your letter yesterday, we cannot accept the offer. 【加固训练】①The dictionary she referred(refer) to was bought several weeks ago.②This painting is better to look at a distance(distant) of at least two metres. 8. She will be interviewing (interview) the president about the new policy.9. My kids have received four months of individual daily half-hour classeswith a specially trained (train) teacher.10. I feel comfortable when speaking with someone if the distance (distant) between us is about half a meter.Ⅱ. 单项填空1. I still remember the ________where Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.A. viewB. sightC. sceneD. scenery【解析】选C。

课时提升作业 十三 必修3 Module 1

课时提升作业 十三 必修3 Module 1

课时提升作业十三必修3Module 1(建议用时35分钟)Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Situated on the edge of the town, the factory enjoys its situation very much because it is very convenient for it to transport its goods. (situate)2. As to the agreement, there are some disagreements, because each expert has his own opinion. (agree)3. Hearing the news, he was moved(move)so deeply that he burst into tears.4. Faced (face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his parents for some advice.【知识拓展】作状语的“be+过去分词+介词”结构过去分词短语作状语是高考考查的焦点, 其中“be+过去分词+介词”结构, 如be absorbed in, be buried in, be devoted to, be faced with, be situated/located in/on, be interested in, be lost in, be pleased with, be born in等在句中作状语时, 一般都要用过去分词。

例如:*Absorbed/Buried in/Devoted to his study, he di dn’t notice me come in.因为专心于学习, 他没有注意到我进来。

*Interested in the film, he went to see it a third time.由于对这部电影感兴趣, 他再次去观看了它。

高中历史课时作业26打破隔离的坚冰人民版必修3

高中历史课时作业26打破隔离的坚冰人民版必修3

高中历史课时作业26打破隔离的坚冰人民版必修3(建议用时:20分钟)[基础达标练]1.为美国文学“黄金时代”的出现做出贡献的作家是( )A.罗曼·罗兰B.马克·吐温C.德莱塞D.杰克·伦敦C[依据所学知识可知,20世纪初美国文学的“黄金时代”代表作家是德莱塞和海明威,故选C项。

]2.“无产阶级艺术最伟大的代表者”,创造了社会主义现实主义文学的奠基之作,被列宁称为“一本非常及时的书”。

这本书是( )A.《海燕》B.《母亲》C.《嘉莉妹妹》D.《钢铁是怎样炼成的》B[“无产阶级艺术最伟大的代表者”是高尔基,他的社会主义现实主义文学的奠基之作是《母亲》。

]3.“由于他那至为敏锐、清新与优美的诗;这诗出之以高超的技巧,并由他自己用英文表达出来,使他那充满诗意的思想业已成为西方文学的一部分。

”该评语体现出泰戈尔的作品( )A.充满了浪漫主义的精神B.代表了东方文学的最高水平C.体现了东西文化的融合D.反映了民族独立的迫切要求C[泰戈尔是印度作家,其“充满诗意的思想业已成为西方文学的一部分”,说明他的作品体现了东西文化的融合,故选C项。

]4.他的音乐光影斑驳,精妙多姿。

同样以《月光》为主题,贝多芬的音乐是“江天一色无纤尘”的皓月,而他的音乐则是“暗香浮动月黄昏”的淡月,清幽雅深。

这里的他是( ) A.海顿B.莫扎特C.贝多芬D.德彪西D[德彪西是印象主义音乐的代表人物,印象主义音乐和印象主义绘画一样,追求的是一种朦胧的效果,让人体会到一种朦胧、飘逸、空幻、幽静的意境,故选D项。

] 5.俄国著名作曲家斯特拉文斯基是新古典主义音乐的主要代表人物,其音乐作品《浪子历程》( )A.充满追求民主自由的时代精神B.强烈要求摆脱外来文化的控制C.具有朦胧、飘逸、空幻的意境D.强调了音乐风格的简约和自然D[《浪子历程》属于新古典主义音乐,强调风格的简约和自然,故D项符合题意;A 项是古典主义音乐的特点;B项是民族乐派音乐的风格;C项是印象主义音乐的风格。

2022人教版高中数学必修四课后提升作业 二十六 3.1.2两角和与差的正弦、余弦、正切公式(一)

2022人教版高中数学必修四课后提升作业 二十六 3.1.2两角和与差的正弦、余弦、正切公式(一)

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课后提升作业二十六两角和与差的正弦、余弦、正切公式(一)(30分钟60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共40分)1.(2021·全国卷Ⅰ)sin20°cos10°-cos160°sin10°= ( )A.-√32B.√32C.-12D.12【解析】选D.原式=sin20°cos10°+cos20°sin10°=sin30°=12.2.化简cos(x+y)siny-sin(x+y)cosy等于( )A.sin(x+2y)B.-sin(x+2y)C.sinxD.-sinx【解析】选D.cos(x+y)siny-sin(x+y)cosy=sin[y-(x+y)]=-sinx.3.(2022·大连高一检测)sin163°sin223°+sin253°sin313°等于( )A.-12B.12C.-√32D.√32【解析】选B.sin163°sin223°+sin253°sin313°=sin(90°+73°)sin(270°-47°)+sin(180°+73°)sin(360°-47°) =cos73°(-cos47°)-sin73°(-sin47°)=-(cos73°cos47°-sin73°sin 47°)=-cos(73°+47°)=-cos120°=12.4.(2022·杭州高一检测)已知α,β都是锐角,若sinα=√55,sinβ=√1010,则α+β等于( )A.π4B.3π4C.π4和3π4D.-π4和-3π4【解题指南】先求cos(α+β)的值及α+β的范围再确定α+β的值.【解析】选A.由α,β都为锐角,所以cosα=√1−sin2α=2√55,cosβ=√1−sin2β=3√1010.所以cos(α+β)=cosα·cosβ-sinα·sinβ=√22,所以α+β=π4.【补偿训练】若cos(α-β)=√55,cos2α=√1010,并且α,β均为锐角且α<β,则α+β的值为( )A.π6B.π4C.3π4D.56π【解析】选C.由于α,β均为锐角,且α<β,所以-π2<α-β<0,所以sin(α-β)=-2√55,又0<2α<π,故sin2α=3√1010,所以cos(α+β)=cos[2α-(α-β)]=cos2α·cos(α-β)+sin2α·sin(α-β)=√1010×√55+3√1010×(−2√55)=-√22. 由于α+β∈(0,π),所以α+β=34π.5.若函数f(x)=(1+√3tanx)cosx,0≤x<π2,则f(x)的最大值为 ( )A.1B.2C.1+√3D.2+√3 【解题指南】先逆用两角和的正弦公式化简函数式,再求最值. 【解析】选B.f(x)=cosx+√3sinx=2(sin π6cosx +cos π6·sinx)=2sin (x +π6),又0≤x<π2,则π6≤x+π6<2π3.所以当x+π6=π2时,f(x)有最大值2.6.(2022·兰州高一检测)若sin(α+β)cos β-cos(α+β)sin β=0,则 sin(α+2β)+sin(α-2β)等于 ( ) A.1 B.-1 C.0 D.±1 【解析】选C.由于sin(α+β)cos β-cos(α+β)sin β =sin(α+β-β)=sin α=0, 所以sin(α+2β)+sin(α-2β) =2sin αcos2β=0.7.(2022·浏阳高一检测)已知sin α=13,cos(α+β)=-1,则sin(2α+β)= ( )A.-13B.13C.-23D.23【解析】选A.由于cos(α+β)=-1,则sin(α+β)=0, 所以sin(2α+β)=sin(α+α+β) =sin αcos(α+β)+cos αsin(α+β)=13×(-1)+0=-13.8.在△ABC 中,若2cosBsinA=sinC,则△ABC 的外形肯定是 ( ) A.等腰直角三角形 B.直角三角形 C.等腰三角形 D.等边三角形【解析】选C.在△ABC 中,sinC=sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB, 所以2cosBsinA=sinAcosB+cosAsinB,即sinAcosB-cosAsinB=0, 即sin(A-B)=0,所以A-B=0,A=B, 从而△ABC 是等腰三角形.【补偿训练】在△ABC 中,若tanC=√3,且sinAcosB=cos(120°-B)sinB,则△ABC 的外形是 ( )A.等腰三角形B.等腰但非直角三角形C.等腰直角三角形D.等边三角形 【解析】选D.由于tanC=√3,0°<C<180°, 所以C=60°,所以120°-B=A. 由于sinAcosB=cos(120°-B)sinB,所以sinAcosB=cosAsinB, sinAcosB-cosAsinB=0,sin(A-B)=0, 又-180°<A-B<180°, 所以A-B=0°,所以A=B. 所以△ABC 是等边三角形.二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)9.(2022·烟台高一检测)已知sin(α-β)cos α-cos(β-α)sin α=35,β是第三象限角,则sin (β+5π4)= .【解析】依题意可将已知条件变形为 sin[(α-β)-α]=-sin β=35,sin β=-35.所以sin (β+5π4)=sin βcos 5π4+cos βsin 5π4=(−35)×(−√22)+(−45)×(−√22)=3√210+4√210=7√210. 答案:7√21010.在△ABC 中,3sinA-4sinB=6,4cosB+3cosA=1,则C 的大小为 . 【解题指南】依据题意,把已知的两等式两边平方后,左右相加,然后利用同角三角函数间的基本关系、两角和的正弦公式及诱导公式化简后即可得到cosC 的值,利用特殊角的三角函数值及角C 的范围即可求出C 的度数. 【解析】由于3sinA-4sinB=6,4cosB+3cosA=1, 两式平方相加,可得9+16+24cos(A+B)=37, 所以cos(A+B)=12.由于A+B+C=π,所以cos(A+B)=-cosC, 则cosC=-12,又由于0°<C<180°,故C=120°.答案:120° 三、解答题11.(10分)已知函数f(x)=Asin (x +π3),x ∈R,且f (5π12)=3√22.(1)求A 的值.(2)若f(θ)-f(-θ)=√3,θ∈(0,π2),求f (π6−θ).【解析】(1)由f (5π12)=Asin (5π12+π3)=Asin 3π4=A √22=3√22,可得A=3.(2)f(θ)-f(-θ)=√3,则3sin (θ+π3)-3sin (π3−θ)=√3, 3(12sinθ+√32cosθ)-3(√32cosθ−12sinθ)=√3,sin θ=√33.由于θ∈(0,π2),所以cos θ=√63,f (π6−θ)=3sin (π6−θ+π3)=3sin (π2−θ)=3cos θ=√6.【补偿训练】已知,0<α<π2<β<π,cos (β−π4)=13,sin(α+β)=45.(1)求sin2β的值. (2)求cos (α+π4)的值.【解析】(1)由于cos (β−π4)=cos π4cos β+sin π4sin β=√22cos β+√22sin β=13,所以cos β+sin β=√23,所以1+sin2β=29,所以sin2β=-79.(2)由于0<α<π2<β<π, 所以π4<β-π4<3π4,π2<α+β<3π2,所以sin (β−π4)>0,cos(α+β)<0. 由于cos (β−π4)=13,sin(α+β)=45, 所以sin (β−π4)=2√23,cos(α+β)=-35,所以cos (α+π4)=cos [α+β−(β−π4)] =cos(α+β)cos (β−π4)+sin(α+β)sin (β−π4)=-35×13+45×2√23=8√2−315.关闭Word文档返回原板块。

高中政治必修3课时作业26:2.2 文化塑造人生练习题

高中政治必修3课时作业26:2.2 文化塑造人生练习题

文化塑造人生一、选择题1.“我不过是拿了一根火柴,把大家的爱国情绪点燃了。

”《战狼2》打破国产电影多个票房纪录,引发持久的观影热潮和话题讨论,对此,导演兼主演吴京这样说。

《战狼2》引发强烈共鸣体现出A.习俗文化对人的影响是难以抹去的B.任何精神产品都离不开物质载体C.优秀文化能够增强人的精神力量D.文化能够促进人的全面发展2.2018年3月5日是第55个学雷锋纪念日,雄安各单位及近千名志愿者,在各领域开展了不同主题的志愿服务行动,用真诚奉献弘扬为人民服务的雷锋精神。

“雷锋精神”不会过时,北京奥运会、汶川大地震和上海世博会期间志愿者的行动,都是“雷锋精神”在新时代的体现。

“雷锋精神”得以弘扬,是因为这种精神能够①增强人的精神力量②丰富人的精神世界③决定人的健康成长④促进人的全面发展A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④3.书是人类终生的伴侣,因为一本好书,总能给人以智慧、给人以思想启迪和美的享受。

这主要表明A.优秀文化能够丰富人的精神世界B.文化是人类生存和发展的根基C.文化能够促进社会与人的全面发展D.文化对人的影响是深远持久的4.楹联是中国特有的文化,集律诗、书法等多种艺术于一体,形式简单、内涵丰富、深邃。

既有韵律、书法之美,又有道德、教化之功。

我们既能从中感受到“忠厚传家久,诗书继世长”的道德力量,又能被“斗寒傲雪红梅开大地实现复兴,昂首扬鬃骏马舞东风追求梦想”唤起建设祖国的昂扬斗志。

这说明A.优秀文化集多种文化形式于一体B.楹联能丰富人的精神世界C.优秀文化可以增强人的精神力量D.文化对人的影响深远持久5.在交通阻塞的情况下,有些司机因开车压力与挫折而情绪愤怒、暴躁,会不耐烦地鸣喇叭、闪灯、骂粗口,甚至会发生攻击性行为,这被称为“路怒症”。

消除“路怒”现象,需要广大司机懂得管理情绪,也需要在全社会培育健康的汽车文化。

这是因为①驾驶员的文明素养需要后天自觉培养②汽车文化决定驾驶员的驾驶行为③汽车文化是广大驾驶员文化素养的核心和标志④健康的汽车文化能够丰富驾驶员的精神世界、提升文明素养A.①③B.①④C.②④D.③④6.中国传统艺术如绘画、诗词、音乐、舞蹈、雕塑、园林等都讲究意境。

人教版物理必修1课时提升作业 3习题课 三种性质力的应用

人教版物理必修1课时提升作业 3习题课 三种性质力的应用

课时提升作业三种性质力的应用(20分钟50分)一、选择题(本题共6小题,每小题6分,共36分)1.如图所示,一个空心均匀球壳里面注满水,球的正下方有一个小孔,当水由小孔慢慢流出的过程中,空心球壳和水的共同重心将会()A.一直下降B.一直上升C.先升高后降低D.先降低后升高【解析】选D。

重心的位置跟物体的形状和质量分布有关,当注满水时,球壳和水的重心均在球心,故它们共同的重心在球心。

随着水的流出,球壳的重心虽然仍在球心,但水的重心逐渐下降,开始一段时间内,球壳内剩余的水较多,随着水的重心的下降,球壳和水共同的重心也下降;后一段时间内,球壳内剩余的水较少,随着水的重心的下降,球壳和水共同的重心都升高;最后,水流完时,重心又回到球心。

故球壳和水的共同重心将先降低后升高,D正确。

2.(2018·衡水高一检测)如图所示,将一个钢球分别放在量杯、口大底小的普通茶杯和三角烧杯中,钢球与各容器的底部和侧壁相接触,处于静止状态。

若钢球和各容器都是光滑的,各容器的底部均放置在水平面上,则以下说法中正确的是()A.各容器的侧壁对钢球均无弹力作用B.各容器的侧壁对钢球均有弹力作用C.量杯的侧壁对钢球无弹力作用,其余两种容器的侧壁对钢球均有弹力作用1D.茶杯的侧壁对钢球有弹力作用,其余两种容器的侧壁对钢球均无弹力作用【解析】选A。

假设容器侧壁对钢球均有弹力作用,作出各容器中钢球的受力分析图分别如图a、b、c所示,可见三种情况均与钢球静止的题设条件相矛盾,所以原假设不成立,各容器的侧壁对钢球均无弹力作用。

因此,本题正确选项为A。

3.如图所示,A、B两物体重力都等于10N,各接触面间的动摩擦因数都等于0.3,F=1N和F2=2N的两个水平力分别作用在A和B上,A、B均静止,则A受的摩擦力和地面对B的摩擦力大小分别为A.3N,6NC.1N,1NB.1N,2ND.0N,1N【解析】选C。

因两个物体都处于静止状态,故所受的摩擦力均为静摩擦力;对物体A受力分析可知:F1==1N;对A、B整体受力分析,由平衡条件可知:F2=F1+,解得=1N,故C正确。

2014高考英语全程复习方略 课时提升作业二十六:Unit3 The world of colours and light(牛津译林版选修8)

2014高考英语全程复习方略 课时提升作业二十六:Unit3 The world of colours and light(牛津译林版选修8)

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课时提升作业(二十六)选修8Unit 3Ⅰ. 单项填空1. (2013·济南模拟)Universities have to provide for first-year students.A. adjustmentB. qualificationC. commitmentD. accommodation2. His early works, mostly in the traditional Chinese style, reflected the of eastern China.A. sightB. sceneryC. viewD. scene3. Unfortunately, although Van Gogh his whole being to painting, he received little reward for his effort.A. admittedB. permittedC. submittedD. committed4. Someone has upset the photographs I so carefully, which made me quite angry.A. laid offB. laid outC. laid downD. laid aside5. There was a expression on the child’s face when he saw the scene.A. disgusting; disgustingB. disgusted; disgustingC. disgusting; disgustedD. disgusted; disgusted6. The foreign visitors to find that our students had such a good command of English.A. amazedB. amazingC. were amazingD. were amazed7. (2013·宁波模拟)All countries need, timely and reliable climate information as well as high-quality climate services, as they will benefit the whole mankind.A. believableB. accurateC. particularD. abstract8. the carrots before you put them into the pot and then boil them for about ten minutes.A. Cut downB. Cut upC. Cut offD. Cut in9. Taking up a piece of soap on the table, he it into water and began lathering(涂皂沫)his face.A. droppedB. dippedC. pushedD. burst10. (2013·合肥模拟)Hardly to the airport he was surrounded by many journalists and fans.A. the famous singer had got; whenB. the famous singer got; thenC. had the famous singer got; whenD. did the famous singer get; then11. (2013·西安模拟)The parents were happy to know that their son had won to Beijing University.A. permissionB. allowanceC. recognitionD. admission12. (2013·黄冈模拟)After hours of searching, their patience was and they found what they were looking for.A. calculatedB. confirmedC. rewardedD. evaluated13. It will be a long time before the Libyans heal from the of the war.A. shadeB. shadowC. pictureD. scene14. (2013·沈阳模拟)—Did you know any French before you arrived in Washington?—Never it, actually.A. had I learnedB. have I learnedC. I learnedD. was I learning15. I don’t know how long will take the workers to build the bridge.A. itB. thatC. thisD. oneⅡ. 阅读理解The mystery of Leonardo da Vinci’s famous Mona Lisa painting has been cracked with the help of emotion-recognition software by scientists recently. According to the findings which will be published in the New Scientist, Mona Lisa’s exact emotions were 83 percent happy, 9 percent disgusted, 6 percent fearful, and 2 percent angry.Dr Nicu Sebe, a professor at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, used emotion-recognition software to come up with the exact analysis of Mona Lisa’s emotional state. The software rated features such as the curvature(曲度)of the lips and crinkles around the eyes.The program draws on a database of young female faces to get an average “neutral” expression. The software uses this average expression as the standard for comparisons. Other applications of emotion-recognition software might be to detect terror suspects on the basis of their emotions as well as their physical characteristics.Possibly the most famous portrait of all time, Mona Lisa’s mystic expression has puzzled art lovers for five centuries. In 2003, a scientist from Harvard University said the way the human eye processes visual information meant her smile was only apparent when the viewer looked at other parts of the painting.The painting, which is on public display in the Louvre in Paris, waspainted between 1503-1506. It was thought to be named after the sitter(被画像的人), most likely the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, an Italian living in Florence.Mona Lisa features in the opening of Dan Brown’s hit novel The da Vinci Code when the curator(图书馆馆长) at the Louvre is found dead near the painting. (270W)1. The underlined word “cracked”in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to“”.A. acceptedB. brokenC. discussedD. analyzed2. According to the passage, the software judged Mona Lisa’s emo tion by.A. her certain facial featuresB. the change of her smileC. the paint on the paintingD. all the parts of the painting3. The practical use of emotion-recognition software might be to.A. draw lively paintingsB. show the painter of an ancient paintingC. help the police detect a criminalD. examine the value of a painting4. According to the passage Mona Lisa was probably.A. Leonardo da Vinci’s wifeB. a rich woman living in ParisC. a curator at the LouvreD. married to an Italian in Florence5. What is the best title for the passage?A. Mona Lisa “Happy”, Computer FindsB. Another Mona Lisa, Computer CopiesC. New Application of Software to PaintingD. Artists Puzzled by Mona Lisa’s SmileⅢ. 任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

课时提升作业三必修1Unit3

课时提升作业三必修1Unit3

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课时提升作业(三)必修1Unit 3Ⅰ. 单项填空1. Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what ______ is what they do with it.A. countsB. appliesC. stressesD. functions2. We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite ______ as planned.A. find outB. give outC. hand outD. work out3. (原创)Terribly, a Nepal’s plane crashed down near its capital, killing 19, ______ 7 British tourists.A. containingB. includingC. coveringD. counting4. (2013·杭州模拟)The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.A. in thatB. for thatC. in whichD. for which5. Teenagers ______ their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damagedB. are damagingC. damagedD. will damage6. I’m trying to lose weight because I’m so ______ of my body.A. guiltyB. ashamedC. proudD. patient7. If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party,______.A. he will eitherB. neither will heC. he will tooD. so will he8. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however9. (2013·成都模拟)—Look! What a mistake! Why?—Sorry, I ______ on it.A. don’t concentrateB. hadn’t concentratedC. haven’t been concentratingD. wasn’t concentrating10. (2013·宿迁模拟)—Vivian was not a hard-working girl, was she?—______.A. Yes, but she wasn’tB. Yes, but she isC. No, but she isn’tD. No, but she is11. (2013·扬州模拟)Chongqing and Wuhan are among the most important cities in China ______ their size and population.A. in favor ofB. in case ofC. in view ofD. in terms of12. —I wonder how much you charge for your services.—The first two are free ______ the third costs $30.A. whileB. untilC. whenD. before13. (2013·扬州模拟)Faced with ______ failure, it is the most important for us to keep up ______ good state of mind.A. /; aB. a; /C. the; /D. /; the14. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality.A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off15. —It’s a top secret.—Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ______ you and me.A. withB. aroundC. amongD. betweenⅡ. 完形填空Four years ago, I felt lucky after escaping one of those terrible 2-mile runs. I hated 1 ; it was just something that 2 came easily to me. At that time, if you had told me that I would one day run a marathon, I’d have told you in all honesty th at I had a better 3 of winning the lottery(彩票).The turning 4 came when I met Mrs. Green. She was fifty years old, going through chemotherapy(化疗)for her cancer, and still 5 to run 30 miles a week. I 6 that if Mrs. Green could run 6 miles at a time, I could run at least two. In February, in cold weather, I started to walk a 2-mile 7 around my neighborhood. Two months later, I 8 the whole route, running for the first time. I felt exhausted, 9 I felt happy.Over the next several years, I continued to push each run for a few 10 minutes, slowly building my endurance(耐力). I didn’t need to 11 against other runners, for my most important competitor was myself.After continuing to 12 myself, I knew it was time to step my training up. I 13 I would train for the Detroit Free Press/Flagstar Marathon.The race day 14 came, and I was filled with excitement and worry. It was final time to see what I was made of. The 15 ended up incredibly. I did 16 through the last few miles, but after my journey, there was no doubt in my mind that I’d f inished. As I 17 the finish line, I experienced the strongest sense of 18 and happiness I had ever had in my life. I am now a marathoner.As John Bingham once said, “The 19 isn’t that I finished. The miracle is thatI had the 20 to start. ”(307W)1. A. studying B. thinking C. running D. teaching2. A. never B. always C. usually D. often3. A. chance B. belief C. suggestion D. hope4. A. case B. point C. situation D. stage5. A. devoted B. applied C. led D. managed6. A. figured B. agreed C. proved D. ordered7. A. race B. route C. site D. test8. A. closed B. changedC. finishedD. considered9. A. and B. or C. so D. but10. A. perfect B. extra C. actual D. basic11. A. compete B. take C. rely D. argue12. A. treat B. entertain C. march D. challenge13. A. forced B. decided C. doubted D. seemed14. A. certainly B. instantly C. finally D. regularly15. A. moment B. atmosphereC. experienceD. reward16. A. struggle B. press C. break D. go17. A. toured B. moved C. crossed D. stopped18. A. touch B. pride C. humor D. award19. A. miracle B. habit C. method D. plan20. A. ability B. choice C. thought D. courageⅢ. 阅读理解The Ministry of Health has called for moreawareness from the public on the mental health ofthe young, as part of efforts to mark World MentalHealth Day.More than 15 percent of the Chinese youthhave been found with mental problems, and about 30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression, according to Wenhui Daily.The World Health Organization estimated that before 2020, the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent, and mental problem will become a major factor behind death and illness in the young worldwide.Deng Xiaohong, the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, saidrapid social change is one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems.If these mental diseases are not addressed on time, occurrence of crime, drug-taking and other dangerous behavior is expected to rise.Experts said mental disease could be caused by many factors, such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations well, unstable emotions and pressure from the overload of study. A number of experts have also said the one-child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young.Children were said to be too “spoiled” and “selfish” in one-child families. Schools in many cities were reported rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental well-being, Yin Jingmiao, a teacher of the Beijing No. 105 Middle School, told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide counseling to students three times a month. “Students can be arranged to have 40-minute counseling sessions, ” Yin said. The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams, to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests. (289W)1. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To urge awareness on mental health of the young.B. To give the details of the problems the Chinese youth are facing todayC. To recommend that schools should invite more psychologists to help solve the mental problems among the youth.D. To show us the causes of the mental problems among students.2. The underlined word “addressed” in the fifth paragraph most probably means“______”.A. talked aboutB. dealt withC. satisfiedD. introduced3. From the passage we can know that the causes of mental problems are mainly the following EXCEPT ______.A. one-child policyB. lack of ability to handle interpersonal relations wellC. lack of special training in mental healthD. heavy burden from study4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. By 2020, about 50 percent of the students in China will have mental problems.B. Mental problems mainly appear among the youth while they are seldom seen among adults.C. China has the largest number of youngsters with psychological problems.D. Many schools have realized the problem and taken measures.5. We can infer that to bring down the occurrence of mental problems among the youth, ______ .A. attention should be paid to the education of the only childB. psychologists must be a necessary part of the schoolC. the government will cancel tests to ease the pressure on the studentsD. rapid social change plays the leading part in causing mental problems【语篇随练】请运用上下文暗示法,按照以下提示题号找出完形填空中的对应内容答案解析Ⅰ.1.【解析】选A。

2019学年高中数学必修三全册作业与测评:课时提升作业(三) 1.1.2 第2课时

2019学年高中数学必修三全册作业与测评:课时提升作业(三)  1.1.2 第2课时

课时提升作业(三)条件结构(25分钟60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)1.如图是算法流程图的一部分,其算法的逻辑结构是( )A.顺序结构B.条件结构C.判断结构D.以上都不对【解析】选B.因为含有判断框,对r是否为0需进行判断,故为条件结构.2.(2015·潍坊高一检测)下列关于条件结构的说法正确的是( )A.条件结构的程序框图中有两个入口和一个出口B.无论条件结构中的条件是否满足,都只能执行两条路径之一C.条件结构中的两条路径可以同时执行D.对于一个算法来说,判断框中的条件是唯一的【解析】选B.条件结构只有一个入口,故A错;条件结构的两条路径只能由判断框内条件选择其一执行,故C错,判断框内条件可适当变化,只需其后步骤相应调整即可,故D错.【补偿训练】不同于顺序结构的是条件结构中一定含有( )A.处理框B.判断框C.输入框D.起止框【解析】选B.条件结构中一定含有判断框,而顺序结构中则没有.3.(2015·武汉高一检测)下列函数求值算法中需要用到条件结构的是( )A.f(x)=x2-1B.f(x)=2x+1C.f(x)=错误!未找到引用源。

D.f(x)=2x【解析】选C.对于分段函数求值需用到条件结构,故选C.【补偿训练】下列算法中,含有条件结构的是( )A.求三个数的和B.求两条平行线间的距离C.解不等式ax+b>0(a≠0)D.已知三角形的底边和高,求其面积.【解析】选C.A,B,D都是顺序结构,直接套用公式即可,C中要对未知数的系数的正负做判断.4.(2015·吉林高一检测)如图,若f(x)=x2,g(x)=log2x,输入x的值为0.25,则输出结果为( )A.0.24B.-2C.2D.-0.25【解析】选B.由框图知,h(x)是f(x)与g(x)中的较小值,因为f(0.25)=0.252=错误!未找到引用源。

,g(0.25)=log20.25=-2,所以h(0.25)=-2.【补偿训练】如图所示的程序框图,若输入a=-4,则输出的结果为( )A.-2B.2C.正数D.是负数【解析】选D.由程序框图知,求a的算术平均数,当a≥0时,输出错误!未找到引用源。

课时作业26:Unit 3 Life in the future

课时作业26:Unit 3 Life in the future

Unit 3Life in the futureⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·广州市综合检测二)Special boxes lie at the bottom of my locked filing cabinet.Deposited there are important letters and cards collected throughout my life,from my grandparents,school friends,parents,wife and son.Since the invention of e-mail though,they’ve been few and far between.Tonight is New Year’s Eve 2029 and there’s a very special box of letters I want to look at.But first there’s something I have to do—The Ritual (惯例).I go to my trusted computer and start.I begin to type:Dear .I leave the name blank for now,anticipating the thrill of typing it in.“I hope you are well and I wonder what your life is like.Are you still planning to move to that villa in Portugal? Did your son marry Fiona? Is your mother still alive? ”Questions surge into my mind.For the next two hours I sit writing—about what I’ve been doing for the last year,my failing health,my increasing wealth and my sometime difficult marriage;then about my goals and ambitions.Will he be interested? Do I climb Mt.Kilimanjaro?Do I get that novel published? The one that’s been rejected more times than I care to think about.Finally,it’s finished at 11:30 pm.I fill in the recipient’s name,print my letter,sign and address it and then seal it up with tape.I then delete the document and empty the trash folder to avoid the possibility of temptation.That completes the ritual!I walk over to my “special box”.It contains ten long,white,thick envelopes,all with the same handwriting.I place the one I have just written in at the back and take the one out at the front.It’s dated 2019,and labelled “to be opened on 31st December,2029”.The cycle is finally complete!I open it,trembling with anticipation.I begin to read,tearing up a little as I do so.Throughout the last ten long,eventful years,of life,death,joy and heartbreak,it has been waiting patiently in this box for me,though I now have no memory of ever having written it.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

2022版高考英语一轮复习 课时提升作业三 必修1 3 Travel journal作业

2022版高考英语一轮复习 课时提升作业三 必修1  3 Travel journal作业

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Southampton Trails部分的第二段第一句可知, 南安普顿小径保护协会在汉普顿有许多有向导的小径, 有些甚至适合小孩子。 可推知, 这个远足机构经营着很多有向导的路线。
3. What can we learn about Blydenburgh County Park? A. Many hills lie on the east side. B. Maps are offered at the office near the north entrance. C. The trails usually start at the east entrance. D. A picnic table can be available on the west side.
1. Which trail charges for parking every day? A. Southampton Trails. B. Blydenburgh County Park. C. Connetquot River State Park Preserve. D. Planting Fields Arboretum State Historic Park.
2022版高考英语一轮复习 课时提升作业 三 必修1 Unit 3 Travel journal作业课件 新 人教版-2022版高考英语一轮复习课时提 升新同看学看作人们远业教,处三 版下,课要必休保修息护1十好U分眼n一钟睛it下3。哦眼T现~r睛a站在v,起e是l来j休o动u息r一时na动间l作,,久你业坐们课对休件身息
Hanwang is now selling two main kinds of products that use the new technology. One performs“single channel” recognition, which is designed to be used at the entrances to buildings. The other product is a “multi-channel” recognition system that uses groups of surveillance cameras (监控摄像头).

最新学年高中历史 第六单元 第26课 改变世界的高新科技课时作业 岳麓版必修3(考试必备)

最新学年高中历史 第六单元  第26课 改变世界的高新科技课时作业 岳麓版必修3(考试必备)
材料三1961年4月12日,苏联发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船,宇航员加加林在太空遨游108分钟,绕地球一周后安全返回地面。1969年7月16日,“阿波罗-11号”宇宙飞船从肯尼迪航天中心升空。7月21日,美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林在月球上留下人类的第一串脚印,7月25日平安返回地球。
材料四“神七”太空行走一小步,中国科技发展一大步,中华民族伟大复兴一大步。
第26课改变世界的高新科技
一、选择题
1.如下图所示,每幅图反映了不同时期生产力的重大突破,下列对图中三项发明的表述正确的是()
A.生产技术是推动社会发展的巨大动力
B.三项发明都是在美国完成的
C.三项发明都推动了资产阶级革命的发展
D.三项发明都以电力的发展为基础
解析:选A。三项发明具有标志意义,分别标志着蒸汽时代、电气时代和信息时代的到来,证明生产技术是推动社会发展的巨大动力。
2.以《明朝那些事儿》成名于互联网,受到读者热捧的“当年明月”说自己“熟练掌握了历史”,写的是正史。人们谓之“网络史学”、“草根史学”。这一现象()
A.促使人们从印刷发表空间转入网络发表空间
B.是新业余史家时代到来的标志
C.完全改变了人们对历史的态度
D.彻底改变了历史研究的模式
解析:选A。本题考查信息技术发展的影响。A的说法符合题意,B、C、D三项说法错误。
三、自我测评(教材P113)
概括说明现代信息技术等高新科技的发展对人类产生的影响。
提示:20世纪,电子计算机、遗传工程、航天技术等一系列高新技术改变着人类的生产方式和生活方式,改变着整个世界。计算机的出现,把人类社会引入信息时代;网络使地球缩小成为一个村;知识经济兴起,人类的交往和交流方式发生巨大变化;生物工程技术的发展,生命奥秘的不断探索,在农业生产、动物饲养和医药研究等诸多领域有着广泛的应用前景;航天科学的发展为人类开辟了更广阔的活动和生存空间。

高中数学(人教A版)必修三课时提升作业:1.1.2 第1课时 程序框图、

高中数学(人教A版)必修三课时提升作业:1.1.2 第1课时 程序框图、

课时提升作业(二)程序框图、顺序结构(25分钟60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)1.下列关于程序框的功能描述正确的是( )A.(1)是处理框;(2)是判断框;(3)是终端框;(4)是输入、输出框B.(1)是终端框;(2)是输入、输出框;(3)是处理框;(4)是判断框C.(1)和(3)都是处理框;(2)是判断框;(4)是输入、输出框D.(1)和(3)的功能相同;(2)和(4)的功能相同【解析】选B.根据程序框图的规定,(1)是终端框,(2)是输入、输出框,(3)是处理框,(4)是判断框.【补偿训练】程序框图中“”表示的意义是( )A.框图的开始或结束B.数据的输入或结果的输出C.赋值、执行计算的传送D.根据给定条件判断【解析】选B.在程序框图中,“”为输入、输出框,表示数据的输入或结果的输出.2.(2015·梧州高一检测)下面哪个是判断框( )【解析】选C.判断框用菱形图形符号表示.3.如图所示的程序框是( )A.终端框B.输入框C.处理框D.判断框【解析】选C.因为矩形用来表示处理框,用来赋值或计算.4.(2015·佛山高一检测)下列关于流程线的说法,不正确的是( )A.流程线表示算法步骤执行的顺序,用来连接程序框B.流程线只要是上下方向就表示自上向下执行可以不要箭头C.流程线无论什么方向,总要按箭头的指向执行D.流程线是带有箭头的线,它可以画成折线【解析】选B.流程线上必须要有箭头来表示执行方向,故B错误. 5.(2015·益阳高一检测)如图所示程序框图中,其中不含有的程序框是( )A.终端框B.输入、输出框C.判断框D.处理框【解析】选C.含有终端框,输入、输出框和处理框,不含有判断框. 二、填空题(每小题5分,共15分) 6.写出如图所示的程序框图的运行结果.S= .若R=8,则a= . 【解析】因为a=2,b=4,所以S=24+42=12+2=52=2.5.若R=8,则b=√82=2,a=2×2=4.答案:2.5 47.(2015·济南高一检测)如图所示的一个算法的程序框图,已知a 1=3,输出的结果为7,则a 2的值为 .【解析】由框图可知,b=a 1+a 2,再将b2赋值给b ,所以7×2=a 2+3,所以a 2=11.答案:11【补偿训练】下面程序框图表示的算法的运行结果是 .【解析】由题意得P=5+6+72=9,S=√9×4×3×2=3=6√6. 答案:6√68.如图是求长方体的体积和表面积的一个程序框图,补充完整,横线处应填 .【解析】根据题意,长方体的长、宽、高应从键盘输入,故横线处应填写输入框答案:【误区警示】本题要输入数据,注意框图符号不要用错. 三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)9.输入矩形的边长求它的面积,画出程序框图. 【解析】程序框图如图所示.10.(2015·徐州高一检测)已知一个三角形的三边边长分别为2,3,4,设计一个算法,求出它的面积,并画出程序框图. 【解析】第一步:取a=2,b=3,c=4. 第二步:计算p=a+b+c 2.第三步:计算S=√p(p −a)(p −b)(p −c). 第四步:输出S 的值.【补偿训练】已知点P(x,y),画出求点P到直线x+y+2=0的距离的程序框图.【解题指南】题中直线方程已知,求某点P到它的距离.设计算法时点的坐标应从键盘输入,再利用点到直线的距离公式求距离,要先写出自然语言的算法,再画程序框图.【解析】用自然语言描述算法:第一步,输入点P的横坐标x和纵坐标y.第二步,计算S=|x+y+2|..第三步,计算d=√2第四步,输出d.程序框图如图所示:【误区警示】对解答本题时易犯的错误具体分析如下:(20分钟40分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共10分)1.(2015·鄂州高一检测)在程序框图中,一个算法步骤到另一个算法步骤的连接用( )A.连接点B.判断框C.流程线D.处理框【解析】选C.流程线的意义是流程进行的方向,一个算法步骤到另一个算法步骤表示的是流程进行的方向,故选 C.而连接点是当一个框图需要分开来画时,在断开处画上连接点.判断框是根据给定条件进行判断,处理框是赋值、计算、数据处理、结果传送,所以A,B,D 都不对.【补偿训练】在画程序框图时如果一个框图需要分开来画,要在断开处画上( ) A.流程线 B.注释框 C.判断框 D.连接点【解析】选D.连接点是用来连接程序框图的两部分.2.阅读如图的程序框图,若输入的a,b,c分别是21,32,75,则输出的a,b,c分别是( )A.75,21,32B.21,32,75C.32,21,75D.75,32,21.【解析】选A.输入a=21,b=32,c=75,则x=21,a=75,c=32,b=21,则输出a=75,b=21,c=32.二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)3.为确保信息安全,信息需加密传输,发送方由明文→密文(加密),接收方由密文→明文(解密),已知加密规则如图所示,例如,明文1,2,3,4对应密文5,7,18,16.当接收方收到密文14,9,23,28时,则解密得到的明文为 .【解析】由题意可知{a +2b =14,2b +c =9,2c +3d =23,4d =28.解得a=6,b=4,c=1,d=7. 答案:6,4,1,74.图1是计算图2中阴影部分面积的一个程序框图,则图1中①处应填 .【解题提示】本题即找出表示阴影区域的面积公式.由题可知,阴影区域的面积S 为正方形面积减去扇形的面积. 【解析】正方形的面积为S 1=a 2, 扇形的面积为S 2=14πa 2,则阴影部分的面积为S=S 1-S 2 =a 2-π4a 2=4−π4a 2.因此①处应填入S=4−π4a 2.答案:S=4−π4a 2三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)5.(2015·鹰潭高一检测)已知圆的半径,设计一个算法求圆的周长和面积的近似值,并用程序框图表示. 【解析】算法步骤如下: 第一步,输入圆的半径R. 第二步,计算L=2πR. 第三步,计算S=πR 2. 第四步,输出L 和S. 程序框图:6.已知函数y=f(x)=x2-3x-2,求f(3)+f(-5)的值,设计一个算法并画出算法的程序框图.【解题指南】分别求出f(3)和f(-5)的值,再求和即可.【解析】自然语言算法如下:第一步,求f(3)的值.第二步,求f(-5)的值.第三步,y=f(3)+f(-5).第四步,输出y的值.程序框图如图所示:【拓展延伸】本题函数不变,求图象上任一点(x,y)到定点(1,2)的距离,写出算法并画出程序框图.【解析】算法如下:第一步,输入横坐标的值x.第二步,计算y=x2-3x-2.第三步,计算d=√(x−1)2+(y−2)2.第四步,输出d.程序框图如图所示:。

2020人教版英语高考一轮复习:课时提升作业 三 必修1 Unit 3

2020人教版英语高考一轮复习:课时提升作业 三 必修1 Unit 3

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课时提升作业三必修1Unit 3Travel journal(限时35分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解AThese days, North Kickapoo Street in Shawnee, Oklahoma, is a four-lane road leading out to the highway, and lined with all kinds of places to eat and shop. But in the mid-1950s, it was just a gravel(沙砾)country road, the perfect place for our daddies to teach us how to drive.We didn’t have driver’s education at Shawnee High School. We were on our own. Mom took me to pick up an instruction handbook. I was the oldest of my friends, so we were excited at the prospect of a whole new world opening up. We’d have freedom to get around. Best of all, we could go to the Starlite Drive-In theater on 50-cent-a-carload night. We’d have it made.Mom let me back our 1949 Ford out of the garage a few times to get used to the clutch (离合器) and gearshift(变速排挡杆). I got familiar with the motion but was hardly ready for my road test.Finally, the day came for Daddy to give me a real lesson. He drove out to the end of the paved section of Kickapoo Street and across to where the gravel started. My daddy had come from a family of 10, and they had been farmers in a poor area inOklahoma. There was only one way to do things, and that was the right way.Praises were rare, so when he expressed his approval it was special. I didn’t want to experience his glare if I grounded the clutch or the car shook as I tried to get it going.I took a deep breath, slowly let out the clutch, pushed the stick into the second gear, eased down the road, and then carefully moved into the third gear. He had me stop and repeat the procedure two or three more times until I came to the end of the section. I was feeling pretty good as I came to a stop and looked to Daddy for approval.He glared at me and then barked, “You’ve been driving, haven’t you? ”He must have thought I’d been practicing in somebody else’s car. I quickly explained that my training was all done on the Ford.That was 60 years ago. I can still see the no d he gave me when he said, “Well, you did a good job. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

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课时提升作业(二十六)人体的内环境与稳态(45分钟100分)一、单项选择题(包括7题,每题4分,共28分。

每题只有一个选项符合题意。

)1.(2014·潍坊模拟)下列过程发生在内环境中的是( )A.丙酮酸氧化分解为二氧化碳和水B.消化酶的合成C.受精作用D.抗原和抗体的特异性结合2.(2014·肇庆模拟)下列关于内环境和稳态的叙述正确的是( )A.葡萄糖、胰高血糖素、O2、血红蛋白等均属于内环境的成分B.马拉松运动员在长跑时,肝糖原可分解为葡萄糖,以维持血糖平衡C.当人体内环境稳态失衡时,会出现酶促反应加快,细胞代谢紊乱D.参加短跑等剧烈运动的人,体内会产生大量的乳酸,导致血浆pH发生较大变化3.(2014·北京模拟)一次性过量饮水会造成人体细胞肿胀,功能受损,可静脉滴注高浓度的生理盐水(质量分数为1.8%的NaCl溶液)对患者进行治疗。

其原理是( )A.升高细胞外液的离子浓度B.促进抗利尿激素的分泌C.降低细胞内液的离子浓度D.减少细胞外液液体总量4.(2014·南平模拟)如图为人体体液物质交换示意图。

下列有关叙述不正确的是( )A.尿素可以存在于②中B.①与②④相比含有较多的蛋白质C.①②③依次为淋巴、血浆、组织液D.人体散失水分过多会导致大脑皮层产生渴觉5.(2014·德州模拟)下列不属于人体的内环境稳态失调的是( )A.重感冒病人体温升高B.严重腹泻病人脱水现象C.剧烈运动后机体的pH变化不大D.小鼠先天缺乏胸腺,易感染疾病6.与肌肉注射相比,静脉点滴能将大剂量药物迅速送到全身细胞而疗效显著,下面是运输途径示意图。

图中所示的内环境a、b、c、d的名称分别是( )①血浆②组织液③淋巴A.①②③①B.②①③②C.③①②③D.②③①①7.(2014·临沂模拟)如图所示为动物的某组织示意图。

其中1是毛细血管壁,2是红细胞,3是血浆,4是细胞内液,5是组织液。

下列有关说法正确的是( )A.1的直接生活环境是3B.二氧化碳浓度最高的部位是5C.葡萄糖由3进入2的过程是主动运输D.3的渗透压的大小主要与无机盐、蛋白质的含量有关二、双项选择题(包括3题,每题6分,共18分。

每题有两个选项符合题意。

)8.如图表示人体内的细胞与外界环境之间进行物质交换的过程。

下列叙述中不正确的是( )A.①~③分别代表血液、淋巴和组织液,它们共同构成人体内环境B.①中无机盐浓度过高时,会导致其中的细胞失水C.正常情况下,①~③的成分保持不变,与神经-体液调节有关D.当人体蛋白质长期供应不足时,①③等处的渗透压会下降9.(能力挑战题)下表为人体细胞外液和细胞内液的物质组成和含量的测定数据。

下列相关叙述不正确的是( )A.②属于血浆,其渗透压大小主要与无机盐及蛋白质的含量有关B.②的蛋白质含量减少将导致③增多C.④属于细胞外液,因为其含有较多的蛋白质、K+等D.①比④量多,是人体新陈代谢的主要场所10.(2011·广东高考)小杨同学将部分生物学知识归纳如下,其中正确的是( )三、非选择题(包括3题,共54分。

)11.(16分)如图是人体细胞直接与内环境进行物质交换的示意图,A、B、C、D表示的是结构,①②③④表示的是液体,请回答下列问题:(1)内环境主要由图中的________组成(填序号);D的管壁细胞直接生活的内环境是________(填序号)。

(2)②与①相比,成分中明显减少的物质是________。

(3)④的流动受到阻碍,人体将会出现________现象。

(4)若图中C为肌细胞,则它所利用的O2直接从[ ]____________中获得。

(5)①②③④中,CO2浓度最高的是______________(填序号)。

12.(18分)内环境是人体细胞生活的直接环境,内环境的温度、渗透压、pH及各种化学物质的含量,正常情况下能够维持相对稳定的状态,这是人体完成各项生命活动的必要条件。

(1)人体内环境的各种理化性质及化学物质含量会发生变化的原因是______________________________。

(2)人体维持体温相对稳定的调节方式是_______________________________。

(3)病人呼吸受阻,肌细胞会因无氧呼吸产生大量乳酸,乳酸进入血液后,会使血液pH____________,但乳酸可以与血液中的____________发生反应,使血液的pH 维持相对稳定。

(4)尝试构建人体肝脏内血浆、组织液、成熟红细胞内液间O2和CO2扩散的模型(①在图形框间用实线箭头表示O2,用虚线箭头表示CO2;②不考虑CO2进入成熟红细胞内液)。

13.(20分)据图回答下列问题:(1)此图表示了细胞与周围环境的关系,其中毛细血管壁细胞生活的具体内环境是________。

(填标号)(2)血浆、组织液和淋巴三者之间既有密切关系,又有一定区别。

一般情况下,②与③成分上的主要区别是____________________________。

(3)正常人②内的pH通常维持在__________之间,直接起调节作用的是血液中的__________物质。

(4)内环境酶促反应进行需要的外界条件是___________和__________。

(5)若某人长期营养不良,血浆中蛋白质含量降低,图中哪一部分的液体会增多?[ ]____________,其结果将会引起____________。

(6)若某人患镰刀型细胞贫血症,则形态发生变化的是图中[ ]________,引起这种变化的根本原因是_______________________________________________。

(7)若图示是肝脏组织细胞的内环境,那么肝炎病人化验时,需取图中的液体[ ]进行化验,会发现转氨酶的含量偏高,这是因为肝炎病人肝细胞膜的通透性___________________________________________________________________。

(8)肺气肿病人由于呼吸不畅,会使内环境中的pH变________。

这是因为_____ _____________________________________________________。

答案解析1.【解析】选D。

丙酮酸氧化分解为二氧化碳和水发生在线粒体中,消化酶在核糖体中合成,都发生在细胞内,不属于内环境;受精作用发生在输卵管中,与外界相通,属于外环境;抗原和抗体特异性结合可以发生在组织液等内环境中。

2.【解析】选B。

血红蛋白是构成红细胞的成分,不属于内环境的成分。

当人体内环境稳态失衡时,细胞内酶促反应减慢,细胞代谢紊乱。

参加短跑等剧烈运动的人,体内会产生大量的乳酸,人体存在缓冲物质,使血浆pH不会发生大的变动。

【误区警示】血浆蛋白≠血红蛋白(1)功能不同:血浆蛋白是血浆里面含有的一些功能性蛋白质,血红蛋白是红细胞里面含有的与氧气的运输有关的载体蛋白。

(2)存在部位不同:血浆蛋白属于内环境的组成成分,而血红蛋白位于细胞内,不属于内环境的组成成分。

3.【解题指南】解答本题的关键是:明确组织水肿不是细胞肿胀。

组织水肿是组织液增多,细胞肿胀是细胞吸水造成的。

【解析】选A。

一次性过量饮水使细胞外液的离子浓度降低,导致细胞肿胀,功能受损。

治疗时可静脉滴注高浓度的生理盐水,以升高细胞外液的离子浓度,使细胞内液的离子浓度恢复正常。

4.【解析】选C。

只有单向箭头进出的为淋巴,即④为淋巴;淋巴来源于组织液,即②为组织液,回流至血浆,即①为血浆,③与组织液相互渗透为细胞内液。

尿素是机体的代谢废物,在组织液中存在;血浆与淋巴和组织液相比含有较多的蛋白质;人体的水分散失过多会造成细胞外液渗透压升高,大脑皮层会产生渴觉。

5.【解析】选C。

人体内环境稳态的调节能力是有限的,在外界环境变化剧烈或者自身调节功能障碍时会导致稳态破坏。

感冒发烧、腹泻脱水和小鼠先天缺乏胸腺易染病都属于内环境稳态的失调,机体剧烈运动后的pH变化不大,属于内环境稳态调节的实例。

【方法技巧】内环境理化性质改变引起的常见疾病分析6.【解析】选B。

肌肉注射药物首先进入组织液,接着进入血浆和淋巴,然后随着血液循环到达病变部位,再次进入组织液,最后扩散进入组织细胞。

7.【解析】选D。

1为毛细血管壁细胞,它的直接生活环境是3和5;二氧化碳浓度最高的部位是4;葡萄糖由3进入2的过程是协助扩散;血浆渗透压的大小取决于无机盐和蛋白质的含量。

8.【解析】选A、C。

①为血浆,其和组织液、淋巴构成内环境;血浆中无机盐浓度过高,导致细胞外液渗透压升高;①~③的成分保持相对稳定,与神经-体液-免疫调节网络有关;当人体蛋白质长期供应不足时,血浆蛋白减少,血浆渗透压下降,组织液的渗透压也下降。

9.【解题指南】解答本题的关键点:(1)根据Na+、K+的含量判断出①②③为细胞外液,④属于细胞内液。

(2)根据细胞外液中蛋白质含量较多的为血浆,判断出②为血浆。

【解析】选C、D。

①是细胞外液,②是血浆,③是组织液或淋巴,④是细胞内液,C 项错误。

在机体的体液中,细胞内液多于细胞外液,细胞质基质是细胞代谢的主要场所,D项错误。

10.【解析】选A、B。

组织液能够被毛细淋巴管吸收,成为淋巴;淋巴经过淋巴循环由左右锁骨下静脉汇入血浆中,进入心脏,参与全身的血液循环;动脉中的血浆沿动脉流入毛细血管,其中的许多物质会透过毛细血管壁进入组织液,A正确。

下丘脑能够分泌促肾上腺素释放激素,作用于垂体,使垂体分泌促肾上腺素;促肾上腺素作用于肾上腺,使肾上腺分泌肾上腺素;肾上腺素能够反作用于下丘脑和垂体,抑制其分泌活动,B正确。

淀粉可以水解为葡萄糖被吸收,多余的葡萄糖可以转化为肝糖原储存起来;当血糖减少时,肝糖原能够水解为葡萄糖,以满足生命之需,但是淀粉和肝糖原不能直接转化,C错误。

能量流动是单向的,可以从生产者流向消费者和分解者,也可以从消费者流向分解者,但是不能从分解者再流向生产者,D错误。

11.【解析】(1)①②③④代表的液体分别为血浆、组织液、细胞内液和淋巴。

内环境是由血浆、组织液和淋巴共同构成的。

D毛细淋巴管的管壁细胞生活的内环境是淋巴和组织液。

(2)组织液与血浆相比,成分中蛋白质的含量少。

(3)毛细淋巴管的堵塞会造成组织水肿。

(4)肌细胞所需要的氧气直接从组织液中获取,来源于呼吸系统和循环系统。

(5)CO2浓度最高的部位为其产生部位——组织细胞内,即细胞内液含量最高。

答案:(1)①②④②④(2)蛋白质(3)组织水肿(4)[②]组织液(5)③12.【解析】(1)机体代谢活动及外界环境的变化,都是引起机体内环境各种理化性质及化学物质含量发生变化的原因。

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