如何撰写英文摘要 - 360文档中心

本科毕业论文英文摘要撰写

本科毕业论⽂英⽂摘要撰写本科毕业论⽂英⽂摘要(Abstract)撰写⼀、本科毕业论⽂英⽂题⽬的拟订（⼀）名词性题⽬英⽂题⽬通常由名词性短语构成，即由⼀个或多个名词加上其前置定语或后置定语构成，因此标题中⼀般出现名词、形容词、介词、冠词和连词，若出现动词，⼀般是现在分词、过去分词或动名词。

⾼温对产蛋鸡产蛋性能、耗料及体重的影响Effect of High Temperature on Egg Performance, Feed Consumption, Feed to EggRatio and Body Weight in the laying hens繁殖技术对南美⾁⽜⽣产的影响Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in South America不同断奶⽇龄仔猪对⾎清代谢物⽔平的变化(影响)Effect of Weaning Age on Serum Metabolite Level in Piglets撰写英⽂题⽬时⼀个简单有效的⽅法是寻找出⼀个可以反映论⽂核⼼内容的主题词，依次进⾏扩展成为名词短语，使之包含论⽂的关键信息，并注意词语间的修饰要恰当。

Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS SARS 的实验室诊断Freezing and storing sperm 冷冻和储存的精⼦Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle 奶⽜的疾病和饲养每条标题⼀般是10-12个词，最多不要超过25个词。

如还不能⾜以概括全⽂内容，可⽤副标题加以补充说明。

First International Conference on Wireless Innovations ：New Technologies andEvolving Policies⾸届国际⽆线改⾰会议—新技术与进展政策需要说明的是如果论⽂题⽬是疑问句，句尾⼀般有问号；但如果是完整的陈述句，句尾没有句号。

学术论文英文摘要格式

学术论文英文摘要格式学术论文英文摘要格式英文题名和英文摘要是学术类和技术类科技期刊论文的重要组成部分,是国际间传播、学术交流与合作的桥梁和媒介,有其特殊的意义和作用。

好的英文题名和英文摘要对于增加期刊和论文的被检索和引用机会、吸引读者、扩大影响起着不可忽视的作用。

为了帮助读者撰写论文英文题名和英文摘要,本文总结了学术论文英文摘要格式的基本要求及注意事项,以给读者提供参考和指导。

学术论文英文摘要格式一、论文题名1.英文题名撰写的基本要求题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括文章的主旨,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。

中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。

题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。

英文题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写。

2.英文题名撰写的注意事项除了以上基本要求,我们在写英文题名时还应注意以下几个问题。

(1)英文题名的结构。

英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。

短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰,要注意采用正确的单词顺序,形容词应与其所修饰的名词紧密相邻。

(2)英文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势,凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。

英文题名开头第一个字不得用the, and, an和a。

(3)英文题名中的大小写有以下3种格式:全部字母大写;每个词的首字母大写,但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写;题名第一个词的首字母大写,其余均小写。

(4)中英文题名的一致性。

同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。

在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。

总之,题名的用词十分重要,它直接关系到读者对文章的取舍态度,务必字字斟酌。

二、论文摘要1.摘要的定义摘要又称概要、内容提要。

摘要是论文主体的高度浓缩,它应该能提炼论文的主要观点,简明地描述论文的内容和范围,简短地进行概括和总结。

英文摘要的写法

Stokes output and good pulse shape.
资料性摘要概括地阐述论文或报告中的主要
结论，重点突出文中提及的新发现或有别于
其他同类研究的结论。
结合型摘要 (Informative Indicative Abstracts)
此类摘要综合了说明性摘要和资料性摘要
的特点
（1）This article discusses some possible roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. （ 2 ） It suggests how pathways might influence the design and running of self-access centres, （3）and gives an illustration of how pathways were designed and employed in a centre in China. Feedback is based on a minisurvey distributed to thirty users.
Abstract: （ 1 ） This paper discusses the
effect of processing temperature on the room temperature resistivity and PTC
characteristic of the PS matrix Sn-Pb alloy composite. （ 2 ） The results show that … and the low melting point of Sn-Pb alloy results in the excellent PTC characteristic.

撰写一篇英文会议摘要范文

撰写一篇英文会议摘要范文英文回答：Conference Abstract.Title: Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the Future of Work.Authors: [Authors' Names Here]Abstract:The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has sparked significant interest and debate about its potential impact on the future of work. This conference abstract explores the complex interrelationship between AI and the workforce, investigating both the challenges and opportunities it presents.Through a comprehensive literature review and analysisof recent research findings, the abstract highlights the potential benefits of AI in enhancing productivity, efficiency, and innovation within workplaces. It also examines the concerns surrounding AI's impact on employment displacement, skill requirements, and income inequality.The abstract argues that the impact of AI on work isnot predetermined but rather contingent on factors such as government policies, industry-specific adaption, and investment in education and retraining programs. It emphasizes the need for a multi-stakeholder approach involving policymakers, employers, educators, and workersto mitigate potential risks and harness the benefits of AI responsibly.The abstract concludes by outlining key recommendations for shaping a future of work that is both equitable and sustainable in the age of AI. These recommendations include:Promoting lifelong learning and upskilling initiatives to adapt to changing job markets.Encouraging collaboration between AI developers and workers to ensure human-centered design and implementation.Investing in research and innovation to addressethical and societal considerations related to AI in the workplace.Keywords: Artificial intelligence, future of work, automation, employment displacement, workforce development.中文回答：会议摘要。

完整英文摘要

完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。

英文摘要的写作技巧

英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题：写英文摘要时，要确定文章的主题，这是写英文摘要
的首要任务，这样才能把握全文的主旨，为摘要写作构思提供依据。

2、确定摘要内容：接下来，要确定摘要内容，一般来说，英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结，要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容，哪些
是支撑性的内容。

3、分析文章结构：然后，要进行文章的结构分析，把握文章的结构，以及每段内容的主要情节，这样才能把握文章的全部内容。

4、梳理摘要结构：接下来，要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构，一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。

5、撰写英文摘要：最后，要开始撰写英文摘要，写英文摘要时，要
注意字数，一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右，不宜过多或过少，要适
当精炼。

二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨：写英文摘要时，要注意文章的主旨，去掉无
用的信息，强调核心信息，而不是把全文都写了一遍。

2、要注意语言：写英文摘要时，要注意语言的表达，要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达，不要冗长繁琐，也不要太过牵强附会。

3、要注意语法：在写英文摘要时，要注意语法。

英文标题和摘要的撰写

英文标题和摘要的撰写一、英文标题的撰写1.标题中study on，studies on，study of，discussion on，research on，observation on，investigation on（of），some thoughts on，a final reporton等，只是增加标题的长度，未提供新的信息，不宜使用。

2.国际标准化组织规定，标题最好不要超过10～12个词，且除通用的缩写字和特殊符号外，标题内不使用缩写字、特殊符号、化学式、上下角标等。

3.标题通常由名词短语构成，即由一个或多个名词加上其前置定语或后置定语构成，因此标题中一般出现名词、形容词、介词、冠词和连接词，若出现动词，一般是现在分词、过去分词或动名词形式。

例如：Models and simulation of a single-phase flow correlation measuring system.(单相流相关测量系统的模型和仿真)（两个名词加后置定语）4.取消不必要的冠词。

例如：The effects of the patient age and physician training on thechoice and dose of anti-melan-cholic drugs，题目中的3个定冠词the均可删去。

（英文题名开头第1个字尽量不用冠词（包括定冠词the，不定冠词a和an）二、英文摘要的撰写5.摘要一般分为两类，信息性摘要和指示性摘要。

绝大部分科技期刊都要求作者提供信息性摘要。

信息性摘要通常以150～250 words为宜，指示性摘要以100～150 words 为宜。

6.信息性摘要的4要素：研究的目的；研究的过程与采用的方法；主要结果或发现；主要结论和推论。

7.尽量使用主动语态。

例如“A exceeds B”要好于“B exceeded by A”。

8.通常用过去时态描述作者的工作，用现在时态描述所做的结论，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，基本不用进行时和其它复合时态。

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要和关键词

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要和关键词Writing the Abstract and Keywords for Your Graduation Thesis in EnglishAbstract:The abstract of a graduation thesis is a concise summary of the study and its findings. Written in English, it plays a crucial role in helping readers understand the main points of your research. In this article, we will discuss how to write an effective abstract for your graduation thesis and provide tips for selecting appropriate keywords.I. Components of an AbstractAn abstract typically consists of the following components:1. Background: Provide a brief introduction to the research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance. Explain why the topic is worth investigating.2. Objectives: Clearly state the research objectives and the main research question you aimed to answer.3. Methods: Briefly describe the research methods used in your study. Include information about the data collection process, sample size, and any statistical techniques employed.4. Results: Present the key findings of your research. The abstract should highlight the most important outcomes and discoveries.5. Conclusion: Summarize the implications of your findings and their potential impact on the field of study. Avoid incorporating new information or vague statements.II. Writing Style and LengthWhen writing the abstract, it is essential to maintain a concise and clear writing style. Keep in mind the following guidelines:1. Use clear and simple language: Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse non-expert readers. Explain any specialized terminology used in your study.2. Be concise: The abstract should generally be between 150-250 words. Use short, informative sentences to convey your main points.3. Use the active voice: Writing in the active voice enhances clarity and readability. Focus on the actions performed and highlight the significance of your research.4. Do not reference figures or tables: The abstract should be self-contained and not refer to any external resources or visuals.III. Selecting KeywordsKeywords are essential in academic publishing, helping indexers and researchers locate your work. Here are some tips on selecting effective keywords:1. Be specific: Choose words that accurately represent the main aspects of your study. Avoid generic or overly broad terms.2. Use synonyms and related terms: Including synonyms or related terms expands the discoverability of your work. It increases the likelihood that your article will appear in a wider range of searches.3. Consider the research field: Identify keywords commonly used in your field of study. This helps ensure your work aligns with similar publications and reaches the intended audience.4. Balance simplicity and complexity: Keywords should strike a balance between being understandable to non-experts and reflecting the disciplinary depth of your research.In conclusion, an effective abstract is a condensed representation of your graduation thesis. It should provide readers with a clear overview of your research topic, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. Additionally, carefully selecting appropriate keywords enhances the visibility and accessibility of your work within academic databases. By following these guidelines, you can craft a compelling abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research.。

英文作文如何写summary

英文作文如何写summary英文：Writing a summary in English involves condensing the main points and ideas of a text while maintaining clarity and coherence. To begin with, it's essential to read the text thoroughly to grasp its central theme and supporting details. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to write an effective summary:1. Understand the Text: Before summarizing, make sure you understand the text's purpose, main idea, and key arguments or events.2. Identify Key Points: Highlight or jot down the main points, arguments, or events in the text. These are the elements you'll focus on in your summary.3. Paraphrase Succinctly: Express the main points of each section or paragraph in your own words. Aim forclarity and brevity, avoiding unnecessary details or examples.4. Maintain Structure: Organize your summary in a logical order, reflecting the structure of the original text. Start with an introduction that briefly describes the text and its context, followed by the main points in sequential order, and end with a concluding statement.5. Avoid Personal Opinions: A summary should be objective and focused solely on the content of the text. Avoid inserting your own opinions or interpretations.6. Check for Accuracy: Ensure that your summary accurately represents the main ideas and arguments of the original text. Double-check any facts or figures to avoid misinterpretation.7. Revise and Edit: Once you've drafted your summary, revise it for clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Remove any redundant or unclear phrases to streamline the summary.Now, let's proceed to the Chinese version.中文：写英文摘要涉及将一篇文章的主要观点和思想浓缩起来，同时保持清晰和连贯。

英文标题和摘要的撰写

英文标题和摘要的撰写一、英文标题的撰写1.标题中study on，studies on，study of，discussion on，research on，observation on，investigation on（of），some thoughts on，a final reporton等，只是增加标题的长度，未提供新的信息，不宜使用。

2.国际标准化组织规定，标题最好不要超过10～12个词，且除通用的缩写字和特殊符号外，标题内不使用缩写字、特殊符号、化学式、上下角标等。

3.标题通常由名词短语构成，即由一个或多个名词加上其前置定语或后置定语构成，因此标题中一般出现名词、形容词、介词、冠词和连接词，若出现动词，一般是现在分词、过去分词或动名词形式。

例如：Models and simulation of a single-phase flow correlation measuring system.(单相流相关测量系统的模型和仿真)（两个名词加后置定语）4.取消不必要的冠词。

例如：The effects of the patient age and physician training on thechoice and dose of anti-melan-cholic drugs，题目中的3个定冠词the均可删去。

（英文题名开头第1个字尽量不用冠词（包括定冠词the，不定冠词a和an）二、英文摘要的撰写5.摘要一般分为两类，信息性摘要和指示性摘要。

绝大部分科技期刊都要求作者提供信息性摘要。

信息性摘要通常以150～250 words为宜，指示性摘要以100～150 words 为宜。

6.信息性摘要的4要素：研究的目的；研究的过程与采用的方法；主要结果或发现；主要结论和推论。

7.尽量使用主动语态。

例如“A exceeds B”要好于“B exceeded by A”。

8.通常用过去时态描述作者的工作，用现在时态描述所做的结论，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，基本不用进行时和其它复合时态。

英文摘要的写作方法

英文摘要的写作方法论文摘要的时态基本上有两种: 一般现在时、一般过去时。

由于学术论文写作通常采用一般现在时, 摘要也多用一般现在时。

目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时, 背景介绍常采用一般过去时。

一般现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论;一般过去时用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作, 也可用于表示转述已发表文献的报导、讨论和研究内容。

语态与人称主张多采用被动语态。

因为使用被动语态不仅可以省略施动者, 避免出现“Ｗｅ”表示式, 而且还可以使需强调的事物做主语而突出了它们的地位, 有利于说明事实。

英文摘要往往采用第三人称的被动语态, 可以避免提及有关执行者, 使行文显得客观。

同时, 被动语态句子在结构上有较大的调节余地, 有利于使用恰当的修辞手段, 扩展名词短语, 扩大句子信息量。

但有时采用主动语态比用被动语态在结构上更简练, 表达更英文摘要的翻译英文摘要应直接用英文写, 这样能按英文思维方式更直接、准确地表达原文。

但是, 这对一些作者尚有难度。

在翻译过程中, 要避免按中文字面意义逐字翻译, 应从语篇层次把握原文, 选择恰当的翻译单位。

刘士聪认为, 在翻译过程中, 分析和转换是一个难以截然分开的思维过程, 以主述位作翻译单位, 一方面是注意到了它本身的形式特点, 另一方面也注意到了它在语篇中的衔接功能, 可以把对原文的分析和转换统一起来。

英文摘要的写作根据《ＥＩ》的要求, 一篇较好的英文摘要应较好地回答以下4 个方面的问题:1) What you want to do ( 目的);2) How you did it ( 方法); 3) What results did you get and what conclusions can you draw ( 结果和结论); 4) What is original in your paner ( 创新独到之处) 。

在开头交待论文的目的时, 英文摘要的首句不要重复题名或题名的一部分, 同时摘要中要尽量少谈或不谈背景信息。

英文summary的格式

英文summary的格式
1. 标题，在摘要的开头，可以使用"Summary"或"Abstract"作
为标题，居中或者靠左对齐。

2. 摘要内容，摘要应该简明扼要地概括原文的主要内容，包括
关键信息和要点。

它应该是一个独立的段落，不超过几句话。

摘要
应该简洁明了，避免使用复杂的词汇和句子结构。

3. 结构，摘要可以按照原文的结构进行组织，包括引言、方法、结果和讨论等部分。

但在摘要中，每个部分的内容应该被简化和压缩，只保留最重要的信息。

4. 长度，英文摘要的长度通常在100到300个单词之间。

在某
些学术领域，摘要的长度可能有特定的要求，请根据具体的指导准
则进行调整。

5. 语言和风格，英文摘要应该使用简练、准确的语言表达，避
免使用复杂的词汇和句子结构。

使用第三人称，避免使用个人代词。

另外，应该使用现在时态来描述研究或文章的内容。

6. 关键词，在摘要的末尾，可以列出几个关键词，用于描述文章的主题和内容。

这些关键词应该与原文的主题和关键词相关联。

总之，英文摘要的格式应该简洁明了，突出文章的核心内容和要点，同时符合学术规范和要求。

具体的格式可以根据不同的出版物或学术机构的要求进行调整。

英文摘要的写作要求

英文摘要的写作要求在学术研究中，英文摘要是非常重要的一部分。

虽然摘要通常只有几百字，但它能够为读者提供研究的核心内容和结论。

因此，撰写规范、简明扼要的英文摘要是非常重要的。

这里介绍几点英文摘要的写作要求。

1. 简明扼要摘要应该简明扼要地概括文章的要点，避免冗长和复杂的句子结构。

最好将摘要限制在250个词左右，这样可以保证足够的信息量同时又不会太长。

2. 独立自主摘要应该是一篇独立自主的文本，可以单独阅读而不需要参考正文。

因此，在撰写摘要时，应该避免将太多的细节和背景信息纳入其中，而是应该集中阐述文章所研究的问题、研究方法和结果、结论和重要的贡献。

3. 结构清晰摘要应该遵循逻辑和清晰的结构，包括简要的介绍背景和目的，阐述研究的方法、结果和结论、以及强调研究的贡献和意义。

尽管这些内容不能太长，但它们应该都得到适当的覆盖。

4. 包含关键词在摘要中引入文中的关键词和短语可以为读者提供快速理解文章主题的方法。

同时，适当使用关键词也有助于提高文章在搜索和索引中的可见性。

因此，在撰写摘要时，应该特别注意选择准确的关键词。

5. 避免翻译错误如果英文不是母语，可能会出现翻译错误。

这种错误往往会影响文章的可读性和可信度。

因此，在撰写摘要时，应该特别注意拼写和语法，以确保摘要的语言流畅、准确和易于理解。

6. 重点突出最后，摘要应该突出文章的重点和贡献。

这将使读者更容易理解文章的意义，并以此来判断文章是否值得花费时间进行深入研究。

总之，英文摘要是学术研究中不可或缺的一部分，并在论文发表、报告、申请和提供基金等方面扮演着重要角色。

因此，撰写简洁明了、语言通顺和准确的英文摘要是一个非常重要的技能，值得我们认真学习和提高。

英文文章摘要怎么写.doc

英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。

英文摘要撰写要求

预防医学论坛2021年4月第27卷第4期发最有效的手段，要大力宣传，普及疫苗接种。

但 EV71疫苗不能预防CV-A16、CV-A6、CV-A10或其他型别肠道病毒引起的手足口病流行，整体发病率不会有明显降低。

随着国家对手足口病的重视，新疫苗也在加速研究，期待多价疫苗的研发上市，将更有效地控制手足口病流行，减少对婴幼儿健康的危害。

从2017〜2019年安阳市手足口病原检测结果发现，手足口病毒以C〇xA16型和其他肠道病毒流行为主，而其他肠道病毒35. 74%的阳性率高于CoxA16 型34.37%、£¥17型21.75%。

国内其他多个地区的病原学监测结果也显示，其他肠道病毒所占比例呈现逐渐升高的趋势i191。

因此要不断提高病毒实验室检测能力，加强多种肠道病毒分型检测.掌握多样流行株特征变化•对防控手足口病暴发流行具有重要意义。

参考文献[1] 赵奇.朱俊萍.中国手足口病的流行状况及病原谱变化分析[J].病毒学报,2015,31(5):554-559.[2] 陈炜•翁育伟.何文祥，等.2011〜2013年福建省手足口病相关病原柯萨奇病毒A组6型的分子流行病学研究[J].病毒报.2014,30(6).-624-629.[3] 谢国良.崔大伟.郑书发.等.2013、2014年杭州地区手足口病柯萨奇病毒A6型和A10型V P1基因特征分析[J].临床检验杂志，2015,33(12)-938-941.[4] 武恕星.2009〜2016年河南省三门峡市手足口病疫情分析[J].现代预防医学，2018,45(2) :352-355.[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部.手足口病诊疗指南（2010年版）节选[J].中国社区医师.2010,30(21):5.[6]中华人民共和国卫生部.手足口病预防控制指南（2009版>[门.全科医学临床与教育，20丨0,16(2): 125-127.[7] YAO X,B1AN LLtl-U WW.et al. Enterovirus spectrum from theactive surveillance of hand foot and mouth disease patients underPrev Med 丁rib. Vol. 27, No. 4 • Apr. 202 1• 291 •the clinical trial of inactivated Enterovirus A71 vaccine in Jiangsu.China,2012-2013[J]. J Med Virol,2015,87( 12) ：2〇09-2〇17.[8] TAKAKO S,TAKAYUKI S.MAKIKO K.et al. Knierovirus Delection Status of Patients with Herpanina and Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Kpidemic Season 2007. Kanagawa Prefecture. Ja- pan[J]. Infectious Agents Surveillance Report .2007(28) ： 297-298. [9] ZHANG JN，KANG YC，YANCi Y.et al. Statistical monitoring ofthe hand, foot and mouth disease in China[J]. Biometrics. 2015,71(3)：841-850.[10] 刘笑洁，张广武，李莹•等.2013〜2016年洛阳市手足口病病原学及流行病学特征分析[J].河南预防医学杂志，2019.30(3): 221- 226.[11] 芦晶，史晶晶，商永超.2016〜2017年阳泉市手足1_丨病病原学特征分析[J]•中国卫生检验杂志，2019,29(16): 2022-202.1.[12] 和小永，和玉芝.2009〜2018年新泰市羊流镇手足丨丨病流行病学特征分析[J].须防医学论坛，2019,25(12):926-928.[13] WU Q. F'U X. JIANG L, et al, Prevalence of enteroviruses inhealthy populations and excretion of pathogens in patients withhand.foot,and mouih disease in a highly endemic area of southwest China[J]. Flos ()ne,2017.12(7) ：e0181234.[14] 包红红，于杰，孟巧玲，等.安阳市2008〜2015年手足U病流行学特征分析[J]•黑龙江医药科学，2017,40(6): 126-128.[15] 吴晓芳.徐德顺•杳资峰，等.2016、2017年湖州市手足口病病原监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志，2019.29(18) :2285-2287. [16] 陈红• 2009〜2018年绵阳市涪城区手足门病流行特征分析[J].预防医学论坛，2019,25(12): 937-940.[17] 秦涌•刘丽坩，漆琪.四川省巴中地区2016、2017年手足口病流行特征和病原分布调查研究[J].陕西医学杂志.2020,49(1): 12卜123.[18] YEE PTI.POH CL. Development of Novel Vaccines Against Enterovirus71 [J]. Viruses*2016,8( 1) ： 1.[19] 赵奇•朱俊萍.中国手足口病的流行状况及病原谱变化分析[J].病毒学报，2015,31(5):554-559.收稿日期：2021-02-18本文编辑：李国荣•读者•作者•编者•英文摘要撰写要求1•英文摘要的字数要求在300个实词以内。

学术论文英文摘要如何撰写

学术论文英文摘要如何撰写Writing an Academic Paper AbstractWriting an abstract for an academic paper is an essential task that helps summarize the content of the paper in a succinct and informative way. An abstract is typically written in English and is asked for by many journals, conferences, and academic institutions. It is usually limited to a specific word count, often around 1200 words or less. Here, we will explore the key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.1. Background and Purpose: Begin the abstract by providing a brief introduction to the topic, explaining its significance, and stating the purpose or objective of the study. This background information should give readers an understanding of the context of the research.2. Methods: Describe the methods or approach used to conduct the study. This section should include relevant details such as the research design, participants or sample size, datacollection methods, and any statistical analyses used. Provide enough information for readers to understand how the study was conducted.4. Conclusion: Present a concise summary of the major conclusions drawn from the study. Explain how the findings contribute to or impact the existing knowledge within the field.Highlight the significance of the study and its implications for future research or practical applications.5. Keywords: Include a list of relevant keywords at the end of the abstract. Keywords provide a way for readers to easily find your paper when searching for related topics or content. Choose keywords that accurately reflect the focus and subject matter of the study.Tips for Writing an Effective Abstract:1. Be concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the purpose, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study. Avoid unnecessary details or jargon that may confuse readers.2. Use active voice: Write in an active voice to make the abstract engaging and direct. This helps in clearly stating the main findings and conclusions.4. Follow the guidelines: Make sure to adhere to thespecific guidelines provided by the journal or conference for abstract length, formatting, and structure. Failure to follow these guidelines may result in an abstract being rejected.6. Seek feedback: Have someone familiar with the topic or the field review and provide feedback on the abstract. They can help ensure that the abstract is accessible and understandable to a broader audience.。

英文摘要的写法

七、语法修辞
•(5) 一个名词不宜用多个前置形容词来修饰，可改用复合词，兼用后置定语 thermal oxidation apparent activation energy → apparent active energy of thermo-oxidation
八、常用句式
（1）研究范围 (to be) carried out； performed； made；conducted； (to be) studied；investigated ； (to be) described deal with； elucidated；given；presented；developed； employed；derived；prepared；synthesized；monitored； determined；measured observed；recorded；examined；characterized； identified；tested；calculated；proposed；used to study； used to establish；evaluated；discussed
(2) 实验要点（to be） prepared by the reaction of … with … synthesized via reacting obtained via condensation by means of by using by the use of using … as … over a wide range of … over a broad composition range over most of the range of …
八、常用句式
（4）以… to be 后的表语成分表示实验、计算等的结果

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词AbstractWriting an English abstract for a graduation thesis is an essential part of academic research. It serves as a concise summary of the entire thesis, highlighting the main objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusion of the study. The abstract is usually written in a specific format and should be well-structured and coherent. This article provides a guide on how to write an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis, including the necessary components and writing techniques.1. IntroductionThe introduction section of the English abstract should provide a brief background of the research topic and state the research objectives. It should explain the significance of the study and outline the research questions or hypotheses that guided the research.2. MethodologyIn this section of the abstract, the research methodology used in the thesis should be described briefly. This may include the research design, data collection methods, sample size, and data analysis techniques. The aim of this section is to give readers an understanding of the methods employed in the research.3. FindingsThe findings section of the abstract should present the main results and outcomes of the research. It should highlight the key findings or discoveriesthat were made during the study. This section should be concise yet informative, providing a clear understanding of the outcomes of the research.4. ConclusionIn the conclusion section of the abstract, the main conclusion or implications of the research should be summarized. This section should demonstrate how the research findings contribute to the existing knowledge in the field and discuss any practical implications or recommendations that may arise from the study.5. KeywordsKeywords are an essential component of an abstract as they help readers identify the main themes or topics of the research. It is advisable to include 3-5 keywords that are relevant to the research topic. These keywords should be carefully selected to ensure they accurately reflect the content of the thesis.6. Writing TechniquesTo write an effective English abstract, it is important to follow certain writing techniques. Firstly, the abstract should be written in clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon or technical terms. The use of active voice and present tense is recommended. Secondly, the abstract should be well-structured, with each section flowing smoothly into the next. It should be written in a logical order, following the sequence of the main sections of the thesis. Lastly, proofreading and editing are crucial to eliminate any grammatical or spelling errors, ensuring the abstract is of high quality.In conclusion, writing an English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the guidelines provided in this article, researchers can effectively summarize their research in a concise and informative manner. The abstract serves as a key component of the thesis, providing readers with an overview of the research objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusion. A well-written abstract enhances the overall quality and impact of the graduation thesis.。