【托福听力备考】TPO3听力文本——Lecture 1
TPO3 listening 听力文本
TPO 03 – Listening PartSection 1ConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a receptionist at the Registrar’s Office on the first day of the semester.StudentExcuse me, I’m supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no one’s in the classroom. Could you tell me where the class is? Physics 403 — has it been moved?ReceptionistWell, there’s a room assignment sheet on the bulletin board outside this office.StudentYeah, I know, but my class isn’t listed there. There must be some kind of mistake or something. Could you look it up, please?ReceptionistHmmm... ok, let me check on the computer. It’s physics, right? Wait, did you say physics 403?StudentYeah.ReceptionistEr…I’m sorry, but it says here that it was cancelled. You should have got note letter from the registrar’s office about this.StudentWhat? I’ve never got it.ReceptionistAre you sure? ‘Cause it says on the computer that the letter was sent out to students a week ago.StudentReally? I should have got it by now. I wonder if I threw it away with all the junk mail by mistake.ReceptionistWell, it does happen. Er… let me check something. What’s your name?StudentWoodhouse, Laura Woodhouse.ReceptionistOk, hmmm…Woodhouse, let me see… ah, it says here we sent it to your apartment on er… Center Street.StudentOh, that’s my old apartment. I moved out of there a little while ago.ReceptionistWell, and I suppose you haven’t changed your mailing address at the adm inistration office. Well that would explain it.StudentYeah, I guess that’s it. But how can they cancel the class after offering it. If I’d known this was going to happen, I would have taken it last semester.ReceptionistI know, it’s really inconvenient for you, I understand that, but er… if we don’t have enough students sign up for the course, the college can’t offer it. You know, it’s a practical issue, like we can’t have an instructor when there’re only a few students in the class. You see what I m ean?StudentI guess, but now I don’t know what course I should take instead.ReceptionistOk, let’s see. Do you have any courses you’re going to take next semester? If you do, you might want to take them now and sign up for physics 403 next semester.StudentYeah, I guess I could do that. I just hope it won't be cancelled again. Do you know how many people have to be enrolled in order to keep a class from being cancelled?ReceptionistWell, it depends on the class, but for that class, you have to h ave er… let’s see, usually it’d be at least ten people, but since it was cancelled this semester, they might even do it with less. But do you know what you should do? Give the physics department a call a couple of weeks before the semester starts. They’ll be able to tell you if they’re planning to go through with it. It's their decision, actually.StudentOh, ok, I will do that. Thanks for the info.ReceptionistNo problem. Sorry about the class. Oh, why aren’t you to go change a mail address now. It lo nely takes a minute.StudentOh, oh, sure, I will do that right way.LectureNarratorListen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.ProfessorNow, we’ve been talking about the loss of animal habitat from housing developments,uh …, growing cities – small habitat losses. But today I wanna begin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area. There are, of course, animal species that require large areas of habitat, and some migrate over very long distance s. So what’s the impact of habitat loss on those animals – animals that need large areas of habitat?Well, I’ll use the humming birds as an example. Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it’s really tiny, it migrates over very lo ng distances, travels up and down the western hemisphere – the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds in the summer and the warmer climates where it’s spent the winter.So you would say that this whole area over which it migrates is its habitat because on this long- distance journey, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every so often, right? Well, the humming bird beats its wings – get this – about 3 thousand times per minute. So you think, wow, it must need a lot of energy, a lot of food, right?Well, it does. It drinks a lot of nectar from flowers and feeds on some insects, but it’s energy- efficient too. You can’t say it isn’t. I mean, as it flies all the way across the Mexico Gulf, it uses up none of its body fat. But that doesn’t mean it doesn’t need to eat. So humming birds have to rely on plants in their natural habitat.And it goes without saying, but the opposite is true as well, plants depend on humming birds too. There are some flowers that can only be pollinated by the humming birds. Without its stoppingto feed and spread pollen from flower to flower, these plants would cease to exist.But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds. Their nesting sites are affected too, the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all of these activities pose a real threat to the humming bird population.So help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. And one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flowers, um, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on.Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat. As the number of visitors, eco-tourists who come to humming bird habitats to watch the birds, the more the number of visitors grows, the more local businesses’ profit, so ecological tourism can bring financ ial rewards, all the more reason to value these beautiful little creatures in their habitat, right?But to understand more about how to protect them to support the humming birds the best we can,we’ve got to learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes, and also about the natural habitats we find there. That just helps us determine how to prevent further decline in the population.A good research method, a good way to learn more, is by running a banding study. Banding the birds allo ws us to track them over their lifetime. It’s been a practice that’s been used by researchers for years. In fact, most of what we’ve known about humming birds comes from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird and make sure all the information about it, like its weight and age and length, are all recorded and put into an international information database.And then we place an extremely lightweight band on one of its legs, well, what looks like a leg, although technically it’s considered part of the bird’s foot. Anyway, these bands are perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years with no evidence of any problems. Theband is labeled with tracking number, oh, and there is a phone number on the band for people to call for free, to report a banded bird to be found or recaptured.So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about its migration route, its growth, and how long it has been alive, its lifespan. One recaptured bird was banded almost 12 years earlier – she was one of the oldest humming birds on record. Another interesting thing we learned is that some humming birds no longer use a certain route. They travel by a different route to reach their destination.And findings like these have been of interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of countries who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat affect the species in it.LectureNarratorListen to part of a lecture in a film history class.ProfessorOkay, we’ve been discussing films in the 1920s and 30s, and how back then film categories, as we know them today, had not yet been established. We said that by today’s standards, many of the films of the 20s and 30s would be considered hybrids, that is, a mixt ure of styles that wouldn’t exactly fit into any of today’s categories, and in that context.Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s. He was French, and his name was Jean Painlevé.Jean Painlevéwas born in 1902. He made his first film in 1928. Now in a way, Painlevé’s films conform to norms of the 20s and 30s, that is, they don’t fit very neatly into the categories we use to classify films today. That said, even by the standards of the 20s and 30s, Painlevé’s films were unique, a hybrid of styles. He had a special way of fusing, or some people might say confusing, science and fiction.His films begin with facts, but then they become more and more fictional. They gradually add more and more fictional elements. In fact, Painlevé was known for saying that science is fiction.Painlevéwas a pioneer in underwater film-making, and a lot of his short films focused on the aquatic animal world. He liked to show small underwater creatures, displaying what seemed like familiar human characteristics – what we think of as unique to humans.He might take a clip of a mollusk going up and down in the water and set it to music. You know, to make it look like the mollusk were dancing to the music like a human being – that sort of thing. But then he suddenly changed the image or narration to remind us how different the animals are, how unlike humans. He confused his audience in the way he portrayed the animals he filmed, mixing up on notions of the categories of humans and animals.The films make us a little uncomfortable at times because we are uncertain about what we are seeing. It gives him films an uncanny feature: the familiar made unfamiliar, the normal madesuspicious. He liked twists, he liked the unusual. In fact, one of his favorite sea animals was the seahorse because with seahorses, it’s the male that carries the eggs, and he thought that was great. His first and most celebrated underwater film is about the seahorse.Susan, you have a question?Student 1But underwater film-making wasn’t that unusual, was it? I mean, weren’t there other people making movies underwater?ProfessorWell, actually, it was pretty rare at that time. I mean, we are talking about the early 1920s Student 1But what about Jacques Cousteau? Was he like an innovator, you know, with underwater photography too?ProfessorAh, Jacques Cousteau. Well, Painlevé and Cousteau did both film underwater, and they were both innovators, so you are right in that sense. But that’s pretty m uch where the similarities end. First of all, Painlevé was about 20 years ahead of Cousteau. And Cousteau’s adventures werehigh-tech, with lots of fancy equipment, whereas Painlevé kind of patched the equipment together as he needed it.Cousteau usually filmed large animals, usually in the open sea, whereas Painlevé generally filmed smaller animals, and he liked to film in shallow water. Uh, what else, oh well, the main difference was that Cousteau simply investigated and presented the facts –he didn’t mix in fiction. He wasa strict documentarist. He set the standard really for the nature documentary. Painlevé, on the other hand, as we said before, mixed in elements of fiction. And his films are much more artistic, incorporating music as an important element.John, you have a question?Student 2Well, maybe I shouldn’t be asking this, but if Painlevé’s films are so special, so good, why haven’t we ever heard of them? I mean, everyone’s heard of Jacques Cousteau.ProfessorWell, that’s a fair question. Uh, the short answer is that Painlevé’s style just never caught on with the public. I mean, it probably goes back at least in part to where we mentioned earlier, that people didn’t know what to make of his films –they were confused by them, whereas Co usteau’s documentaries were very straightforward, met people’s expectations more than Painlevé’s films did. But you are true: film history is about what we know about them. And Painlevé is still highly respected in many circles.Section 2ConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.StudentHi, Professor Archure, you know how in class last week you said you were looking for students who are interested in volunteering for your archeology project?ProfessorOf course, are you volunteering?StudentYes, I am. It sounds really interesting, but er… do I need to have any experience for these kinds of projects?ProfessorNo, not really. I assume that most students taking the introductory level of class would have little or no experience with the archeological research, but that’s ok.StudentOh, good, that’s a relief. Actually, that’s why I’m volunteering for the project — to get experience. What kind of work is it?ProfessorWell, as you know, we're studying the history of the campus this semester. This used to be an agricultural area and we already know that where the main lecture hall now stands, there once were farm house and barn that were erected in the late 1700s. We are excavating near the lecture hall to see what types of artifacts we find, you know, things people used in the past that got buried when the campus was constructed. We’ve already began to find some very interesting items like old bottles, buttons, pieces of clay pottery.StudentButtons and clay pottery? Did the old owners leave in such a hurry that they left their clothes anddishes behind?ProfessorHmmm… that’s just one of the questions we hope to answer with this project.StudentWow, and it’s all right here on campus.ProfessorThat’s right, no traveling involved. I wouldn't expect volunteers to travel to a site, especially in the middle of the semester. We expect to find many more things, but we do need more people to help.StudentSo… how many student volunteers are yo u looking for?ProfessorI’m hoping to get five or six. I’ve asked for volunteers in all of the classes I teach, but no one has responded. You are the first person to express interest.StudentSounds like it could be a lot of work. Is there er… is ther e anyway I can use the experience to get some extra credit in class? I mean, can I write a paper about it?ProfessorI think it’ll depend on what type of work you do in the excavation, but I imagine we can arrange something. Actually I’ve been considering offering extra credit for class because I’ve been having a tough time getting volunteers. Extra credit is always a good incentive for students.StudentAnd how often would you want the volunteers to work?ProfessorWe’re asking for three or four ho urs per week, depending on your schedule. A senior researcher, I think you know John Franklin, my assistant, is on site every day.StudentSure, I know John. By the way, will there be some sort of training?ProfessorYes, er… I want to wait still Friday to see how many students volunteer, and then I’ll schedule the training class next week at a time that’s convenient for everyone.StudentOk. I’ll wait to hear from you. Thanks a lot for accepting me.LectureNarratorListen to part of a lecture in an Art History class. The professor has been discussing the origins of art.ProfessorSome of the world’s oldest preserved art is the cave art of Europe, most of it inSpain and France. And the earliest cave paintings found to date are those of the Chauvet Cave in France discovered in 1994.And you know, I remember when I heard about the results of the dating of the Chauvet paintings, I said to my wife, “Can you believe these paintings are over 30,000 years old?” And my 3-year-old daughter piped up and said, “Is that older than my great-grandmother?” That was the oldest age she knew.And you know, come to think of it. It’s pretty hard for me to really understand how long 30,000 years is too. I mean, we tend to think that people who lived at that time must have been pretty primitive. But I’m gonna show you some slides in a few minutes and I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive. They are masterpieces. And they look so real, so alive that it’s very hard to imagine tha t they are so very old.Now, not everyone agrees on exactly how old. A number of the Chauvet paintings have been dated by a lab to 30,000 or more years ago. That would make them not just older than any other cave art, but about twice as old as the art in the caves at Altamira or Lascaux, which you may have heard of.Some people find it hard to believe Chauvet is so much older than Altamira and Lascaux, and they noted that only one lab did the dating for Chauvet, without independent confirmation from any o ther lab. But be that as it may, whatever the exact date, whether it’s 15,000, 20,000 or30,000 years ago, the Chauvet paintings are from the dawn of art. So they are a good place to start our discussion of cave painting.Now, one thing you’ve got to rem ember is the context of these paintings. Paleolithic humans - that’s the period we are talking about here, the Paleolithic, the early stone age, not too long after humans first arrived in Europe - the climate was significantly colder then and so rock shelters, shallow caves were valued as homes protected from the wind and rain. And in some cases at least, artists drew on the walls of their homes. But many of the truly great cave art sites like Chauvet were never inhabited. These paintings were made deep inside a dark cave, where no natural light can penetrate. There’s no evidence of people ever living here. Cave bears, yes, but not humans. You would have had to make a special trip into the cave to make the paintings, and a special trip to go see it. And each time you’d have to bring along torches to light your way. And people did go see the art. There are charcoal marks from their torches on the cave wallsclearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made. So we can tell people went there. They came but they didn’t stay. Deep inside a cave like that is not really a place you’d want to stay, so, why? What inspired the Paleolithic artists to make such beautiful art in such inaccessible places? We’ll never really know of course, though it’s int eresting to speculate.But, um, getting to the paintings themselves, virtually all Paleolithic cave art represents animals, and Chauvet is no exception. The artists were highly skilled at using, or even enhancing, the natural shape of the cave walls to give depth and perspectives to their drawings, the sense of motion and vitality in these animals. Well, wait till I show you the slides. Anyway, most Paleolithic cave art depicts large herbivores. Horses are most common overall with deer and bison pretty common too, probably animals they hunted. But earlier at Chauvet, there is a significant interest in large dangerous animals, lots of rhinoceros, lions, mammoth, bears. Remember that the ranges of many animal species were different back then so all these animals actually lived in the region at that time. But the Chauvet artists didn’t paint people. There is a half-man-half-bison creature and there is outline of human hands but no depiction of a full human.So, why these precise animals? Why not birds, fish, snakes? Was it for their religion, magic or sheer beauty? We don’t know. But whatever it was, it was worth it to them to spend hours deep inside a cave with just a torch between them and utter darkness. So, on that note, let’s dim the lights, so we can see these slides and actually look at the techniques they used.LectureNarratorListen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.ProfessorNow astronomy didn’t really bloom into the science it is today until the development of spectroscopy.Spectroscopy is basically the study of spectra and spectral lines of light, and specifically for us, the light from stars. It makes it possible to analyze the light emitted from stars. When you analyze this light, you can figure out their distance from the earth, and identify what they are made of, determine their chemical composition.Before we get into that though, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit. You all know how when you take a crystal prism and pass a beam of sunlight through it, you get a spectrum, which looks like a continuous band of rainbow colors. The light that we see with our human eyes as a band of rainbow color falls in a range of what’s called visible light. And visible light spectroscopyis probably the most important kind of spectroscopy. Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you know this because you all did the reading for today.StudentOptical radiation. But I thought being exposed to radiation is dangerous.ProfessorYes, and no. If you are talking about radiation, like in the element Uranium, yeah, that’s dangerous. But radiation as a general term actually refers to anything that spreads away from its source. So optical radiation is just visible light energy spreading out. OK, so we’ve got a spectrum of a beam of sunlight and it looks like the colors bleed into each other. There are no interruptions, just a band flowing from violet to green, to yellow, to… you get the idea.Well, what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well, here’s what you’d see.I want you to know this that this spectrum is interrupted by dark lines called spectral lines. If you really magnify the spectrum of the sunlight, you could identify more than 100,000 of them. They may look like kind of randomly placed, but they actually form many distinct patterns. And if you were looking at the spectrum of some other star, the colors would be the same. But the spectral lines would break it up at different places, making different patterns. Each pattern stands for a distinct chemical element, and so different sets or patterns of spectral lines mean that the star has a different chemical composition.StudentSo how do we know which spectral patterns match up with which elements?ProfessorWell, a kind of spectroscopic library of elements was compiled using flame tests. A known element, say a piece of iron for example, is heated in a pure gas flame. The iron eventually heats to the point that it radiates light. This light is passed through a prism, which breaks it up into a spectrum. And a unique pattern, kind of like a chemical fingerprint of spectral lines for that element appears. This process was repeated over and over again for many different elements, so we can figure out the chemical makeup of another star by comparing the spectral pattern it has to the pattern of the elements in the library.Oh, an interesting story about how one of the elements was discovered through spectroscopy. There was a pretty extensive library of spectral line patterns of elements even by the 1860s. ABritish astronomer was analyzing a spectrograph of sunlight, and he noticed a particular pattern of spectral lines that didn’t match anything in the library. So he put two and two tog ether, and decided there was an element in the sun that hadn’t been discovered here on the earth yet. Any guesses about what that element is? It actually turned out to be pretty common and I’m sure all of you know it.OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar with the Greek word for “sun”by chance?StudentSomething like “Helius” or something like that. Oh it must be “Helium”. So you are saying that Helium was discovered on the sun first.ProfessorYes, and this is a good example of how important spectroscopy is in astronomy.。
【托福听力备考】TPO3听力文本——Conversation 1
【托福听力备考】TPO3听力文本——Conversation 1对于很多学生来说，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
Conversation 1Narrator：Listen to a conversation between a student and a receptionist at the Registrar’s Office on the first day of the semester.Student：Excuse me, I’m supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no one’s in the classroom. Could you tell me where the class is?Physics 403 — has it been moved?Receptionist：Well, there’s a room assignment sheet on the bulletin board outside this office.Student：Yeah, I know, but my class isn’t listed there. There must be some kind of mistake or something. Could you look it up, please?Receptionist：Hmmm... ok, let me check on the computer. It’s physics, right?Wait, did you say physics 403?Student：Yeah.Receptionist：Er…I’m sorry, but it says here that it was cancelled. You should have gotten a letter from the registrar’s office about this.Student：What? I’ve never got it.Receptionist：Are you sure? ‘Cause it says on the computer that the letter was sent out to students a week ago.Student：Really? I should have gotten it by now. I wonder if I threw it awaywith all the junk mail by mistake.Receptionist：Well, it does happen. Er… let me check something. What’s your name?Student：Woodhouse, Laura Woodhouse.Receptionist：Ok, hmmm…Woodhouse, let me see… ah, it says here we sent it to your apartment on er… Center Street.Student：Oh, that’s my old apartment. I moved out of there a little while ago.Receptionist：Well, and I suppose you haven’t changed your mailing address at the administration office. Well, that would explain it.Student：Yeah, I guess that’s it. But how can they cancel the class after offering it. If I’d known this was going to happen, I would have taken it last semester.Receptionist：I know, it’s really inconvenient for you, I understand that, buter… if we don’t have enough students signed up for the course, the college can’toffer it. You know, it’s a practical issue, like we can’t have an instructor when there’re only a few students in the class. You see what I mean?Student：I guess, but now I don’t know what course I should take instead.Receptionist：Ok, let’s see. Do you have any courses you’re going to take next semester? If you do, you might want to take them now and sign up for physics 403 next semester.Student：Yeah, I guess I could do that. I just hope it won’t be cancelled again. Do you know how many people have to be enrolled in order to keep a class from being cancelled?Receptionist：Well, it depends on the class, but for that class, you have to have er… let’s see, usually it’d be at least ten people, but since it was cancelled this semester, they might even do it with less. But do you know what you should do? Give the physics department a call a couple of weeks before the semester starts. They’ll be able to tell you if they’re planning to go through with it. It’s their decision, actually.Student：Oh, ok, I will do that. Thanks for the info.Receptionist：No problem. Sorry about the class. Oh, why don’t you go change your mailing address now. It’ll only takes a minute.Student：Oh, oh, sure, I will do that right way.。
《英语听力教程3》听力原文与问题详解
《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料UNIT 1Part I Gett ing readyA.B. Keys:1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests2: global warm in g/gree nhouse effect/emissio ns of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1.a. More people ------- more firewood---- fewer treesb. More domestic animals ----------- more plants—fewer availablepla ntsa, b-- More desert---- move south ---------- desrtt expa nding south---- no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't eno ugh rain the crops don't grow.3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ran ches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mine B. Keys:1: Sahara Desert2: North America & most of Europe3: top soil blowing away4: tropical forests destruction5: animal/plant species becoming extinet6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The Earth at risk (II)A. Keys:1: Trees would hold rain fall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have bee n destroyed, all the rain that falls in the mon soon seas on flows straight in to the river and starts the floodi ng.2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the n ear future, or just think as far ahead as the n ext electi on.B. Keys:1: flooding in Bangladesh2: Action to be taken3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warmi ngKeys:1: Warming up of the world2: Effects of global3: reduced potential for food production4: cha nge of patter ns of hear-related food pois oning, etc.Part V Do you know …？A. Keys:1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load 6: a complete mealDon' ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim11: hot foodTape scriptPart I Gett ing readyA.B.1. The Amaz on forests are disappeari ng because of in creased bur ning and tree removal. I n September, satellite pictures showed more tha n 20000 fires bur ning in the Amaz on. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the n eed for urge nt intern ati onal acti on to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN spongsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scie ntists and gover nments now gen erally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other gree nhouse gases, over a hun dred coun tries are sending delegati ons. But how much progress has bee n made impleme nting the gree nhouse gas reducti on target agreed on at Rio? Sim on Dary reports...Part II The Earth at risk (I)A.I (Interviewer): Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of documentaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be see n on Channel 4 later this mon th. Each program deals with a differe nt con ti nent, does n't it, Bria n?B (Bria n Cowles): That's right. We went to America, both North and South and the n we went over to Africa and South-East Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on theen vir onment. Gen erally speak ing, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expa nd. It's abit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available pla nts —and so con seque ntly they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in East Africa: here the grassla ndsare support ing too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no gras—nothing for the animals to eat. I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B: That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't eno ugh rain the crops don't grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any regi on that is in ten sely farmed —most of Europe, for example. I: And what did you find in South America?B: In South America (as in Cen tral Africa and Souther n Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very th in soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural la nd in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France comb ined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mi ne. Huge nu mbers of trees are being cut dow n for exports as hardwood to Japa n, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced —the forest soil is thin and un productive and in just a few years, a jun gle has become a waste land. Tropical forests con tai n rare pla nts (which we can use for medici nes, for example) and ani mals —one animal or plant species becomes extinet every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they con vert carb on dioxide into oxyge n. The con seque nee of destro ying forests is not only that the climate of that regi on cha nges (because there is less rain fall) but this cha nge affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has bee n cut dow n this cen tury.Part III The Earth at risk (II)A.I: So, Bria n, would you agree that what we gen erally thi nk of as n atural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes,by and large. I mean, obviously not hurrica nes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is gett ing worse. You know, the cause is that forests have bee n cut dow n up in Nepal and In dia, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rain fall in their roots, but if they've bee n cut dow n all the rain that falls in the monsoon seas on flows sraight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same —the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have bee n destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depress ing. Um ... What is to be done? I mea n, can anything be done, in fact?B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to beforward-look ing and con sider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an intern ati onal basis. Secon dly, the populatio n has to be con trolled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture ——it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expe nsive and can be produced on en vir onmen t-frie ndly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut dow n.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the con seque nces of their acti ons?B: Yes, of course.I: Well, tha nk you, BrianB.I: So, Bria n, would you agree that what we gen erally thi nk of as ... er... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurrica nes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut dow n up in Nepal and In dia ... I mean ... higher up-river in the Himalayas.Trees ...er ... would hold rain fall in their roots, but if they've bee n cut dow n all the rain that falls in the monsoon seas on flows straight into the river Gan ges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same —the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depress ing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B: Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to beforward-look ing and con sider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an intern ati onal basis. Secon dly, the populatio n has to be con trolled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture ——it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expe nsive and can be produced on en vir onmen t-frie ndly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut dow n.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the con seque nces ... um ... of their actions?B: Yes, yes of course.I: Well, thank you, Bria n.Part IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warmi ngThe world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scie ntists started measuri ng them 600 years ago. The in crease is about 02C every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warmi ngis due to huma n activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britai n's Climate Predict ion Cen ter. He expla ins how global warm ing can happe n."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carb on dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has bee n happe ning ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that in creas ing amounts of carb on dioxide produced by in dustrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the golbal warm ing that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. Whe n these burn, they produce the gas carb on dioxide. Many scie ntists agree that an in crease in the amount of carb on dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will in crease the amount of warmi ng. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great cha nges in rain fall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes n earer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerg ing is the possibility of reduced pote ntial product ion in lower latitude regi ons, and most gen erally speak ing, in creased pote ntial in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and pla nts there are quite n ear their limits of heat and drought stress. An in crease in temperature or reduct ion in moisture would place limits on crop growth." Woma n: Global warmi ng could reduce food product ion in lower latitude regi ons. Lower latitude regi ons are already warm. Global warmi ng could put more stress on pla ns and place limits on crop growth.Food product ion is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygie ne and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the in sects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it in cludes not just the food product ion systems, but the patter ns of distributio n of in sects and in fective age nts around the world. It in cludes likely effects on patter ns of hear-related food pois oning, water con tam in ati on and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would resp ond sen sitively to cha nges in climate." Woma n: Global warmi ng could affect the distributio n of in sects. Global warmi ng could cha nge patter ns of heat-related food pois oning.Many coun tries now agree that somethi ng must be done to reduce the dan ger of global warmi ng. But a worldwide agreeme nt on loweri ng the product ion of carb on dioxide has bee n difficult to reach. This is because many econo mies depe nd on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who n eed to take action.Part V Do you know …？Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Jan eiro n early 5 years ago. But the problems that meeti ng highlighted had not gone away. One en vir onmen tal th ink tank —the Intern ati onal Food Policy Research Institute ——has been looking at the future of water and its report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.In some parts of the world, water con sumptio n has in creased five fold. And the institute, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon become the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the world's growing population. Here's Richard Black of our Scie nee Unit."It's often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the n ext cen tury. Accordi ng to the IFPRI report, the time whe n that happe ns might not be far away. The nu mber of people affected by water shortage will in crease ten fold over the n ext 30 years, it says, which could well lead to large scale con flicts.The main reas on why water is beco ming a scarce resource is agriculture, which now accounts for 70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing coun tries. Coun tless farmers have switched from grow ing in dige nous crops for the home market to high yield export varieties, which in evitably n eed far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regi ons water shortage is now the sin gle biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the In dia n State of West Ben gal, for example, over extract ion of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning which is estimated to have affected two million people so far. But the IFPRIreport calls for better water management worldwide in clud ing finan cial incen tives to en courage con servati on."That report by Richard Black of our Science Unit.Unit 2Part I Gett ing readyA.B. Keys:1: Intern ati onal Un io n for the Con servati on of NatureUnited Nations, wildlife , policies2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species trade ani mals and pla nts 1975, prohibits, 8000, con trols, 300003: United Nations Environmental Program, leadership, en vir onment, quality of life 4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund),1961, Sahara Desert North America & most of Europe,top soil blow ing awayC. Keys:1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questio ns:1: They work to con serve n atural areas that con tai n endan gered wildlife2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-n esti ng sites for turtles have bee n set up3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected andallowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys:1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter5: an American artist6: their natural habitats7: the late0sB. Keys:1: start 2: sponsored3: outside counting birds 4: experieneed bird watchers5: anyone that is interested or concerned: scheduled7: 10 people taking part8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds11: the Iongest-running bird census12: undefinedPart III Dolph in captivityA.B. Keys:1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 26: Dolph ins should be kept in captivity.7: There are educati onal ben efits of keep ing marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys:1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins4: natural behabior patterns-altered5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc. Part IV More about the topic: Birds——A Source of WealthKeys:1 : 93002 : Habitat3 : warmer climates4 : 300 different species5 : colder climates6 : habitat alteration 7: esthetic value 8 : Birds' populationPart V Do you know …？Keys:1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%9: 200 animal species10: 100011: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersTape scriptPart I Gett ing readyA: Hello, I'm calli ng on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fun d. If you've got a few min utes I'd like to tell you what that mea ns.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to con serve n atural areas that con tai n endan gered wildlife. The seas,for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil …B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make han dbags and shoes; walruses are hun ted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludge oned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of ext in cti on hangs over several species of whale, dolph in and porpoise.B: Really.A: We are now campaig ning to provide sea san ctuaries for some of these endan gered species.B: Very in teresti ng.A: Aided by our campaig n, protected n est ing sites for turtles have already bee n set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a don ati on?Part II Christmas bird countsJohn James Audubon was an American artist in the early0s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late0s by con servati oni sts concerned with the decli ne of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manu facture of wome n's hats.Spon sored by the Nati onal Audub on Society, more tha n 40 000 volun teers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West In dies and Pacific isla nds have beg un to count and record every in dividual bird and bird species observed duri ng the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the Ion gest-r unning bird cen sus in orn ithology.This year, accord ing to Mr. LeBar on, more tha n 1 600 separate bird counts have bee n scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people tak ing part, others with hun dreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each in dividual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, eve n on the same weeke nd duri ng the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this cen sus: every sin gle in dividual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBar on says experie need bird coun ters can get a good idea of the total bird populatio ns withi n the count circle based on the nu mber of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experieneed bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become invoIved. Beginners will go out in a party with experie need in dividuals who know both the area and the birds in thearea, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and some one in the field will always be able to ide ntify the bird."Part III Dolph in captivityA: A pla nned aquatic park in Den ver is raisi ng the ire of ani mal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captive dolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's Ocean Journeys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "No Dolphi ns in Den ver' campaig n. As Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones reports, the battle lines have bee n clearly draw n.P: Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolph ins" campaig n.R: Average age in the wild ran ges any where in some of the studies betwee n 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect a dolph in to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity, the dolph in populati on is dead.P: According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.R: If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is very family-oriented. These animals are separated from their mothers; that's a stress. You put them in a con crete tank where their son ar boun ces off of walls, they can't swim in the same amount of time and directi on that they can in the wild.P: Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. 「ve had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as he could from one end of the pool on ... to the other side and destroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a very sophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to play with the lives of these animals.P: Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portla nd State College in Oreg on. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death. And Duffield says life is gen erally gett ing better for captive dolph ins.D: The cen sus data say that every time I do a cen sus, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at.So my feeling is that the trend in captivity has been that the group of animals that we're following are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the n ext five years, they will the n in deed be older tha n the wild populati on.P: There is also a debate over the educati onal ben efits of keep ing marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an importa nt role in our basic un dersta nding of the ani mals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do,and that watchi ng them go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what an ani mal n eeds, uni ess I know how it operates, how it breeds, what it needs metabolically, and I can't leann that from animals in the wild.P: But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because theani mals' n atural behavior patter ns are altered by captivity.R: In the wild, you don't have dolph ins who beat each other to death. There are no dolph ins that「ve ever see n stra nded on the beach, who are sufferi ng from fractured skulls, fractured ribs or fractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P: The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphins in the park. For Colorado Public Radi o,I'm Peter Jon es.Part IV More about the topic: Birds——A Source of WealthMr. LeBar on says there are about 9 300 differe nt known species of birds. Larger nu mbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more tha n 300 differe nt species have bee n coun ted in Pan ama, while far fewer species are n ative to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the en vir onment because they can sig nal cha nges in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there in clud ing huma ns."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populati ons a source of wealth that huma ns must protect."People get so much pleasure out of look ing at birds and liste ning to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life, um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually in creas ing their populati ons.Part V Do you know …？Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the species that exist on Earth today. By some rece nt estimates, at least 20 times that many species in habit the pla net.Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total nu mber of species lost each year may climb to 40 000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceedi ng any in the last 65 millio n years.Around the world more tha n 3 500 protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 millio n square miles (5 millio n square km, or 3% of our total la nd area).Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as endan gered. More tha n 1 000 animal species are endan gered worldwide.Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble.Unit 3Unit 3 El Ni no? La Nina?Part ID. warmer/ green house effect / sea levels/ climate zonesAs 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Alma nac spoke with experts about what comes n ext. Alma nac editorial director says the experts believe the n ext cen tury will bring lots of cha nges.Warm, of course, that our climate is going to con ti nue gett ing warmer. That 'the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The gree nhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be take n to, perhaps to alleviate global warm in gs. I ' see n rece ntly that 1998 is going to go dow n as the warmest year ever on record. And so that ' going to be a major issue of the next cen tury, and possible treme ndous con seque nces of the global warm in gs, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grow n, and in what regi ons. This is pote ntially a very sig nifica nt trend to be watched.E. Cyclone: North or south of equator / Typhoon:/ Hurricane: Eastern Pacific Major ocean storms in the northerin part of the world usually develop in late summer or autu mn over waters n ear the equator. They are known by several differe nt n ames. Scie ntists call these storms cycl oneswhen they happe n just n orth or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurrica nes.Part IIA. Outli ne 1. A. weather pattern/ global climateB. 1. twice a decade 2. 12-18 mon thsC. 1. warmer weather/ 2. wetterthan usual/ drier D. the decli ne of winds II. 1. droughtsB. a cyclic weather patter n/ about twice a decade/ wetter/ drier/ cold water away from South America' west/ to expand eastward toward the Americas / move eastward too/ the weather around the world/ droughts/ rains and floodi ng/ on the South America n fish ing in dustry/ to become depletive/ the stre ngth of it/ Satellite readings confirm that conditions are right for another El Nino, a cyclic weather patter n that affects the global。
2020年3月26日托福听力答案解析
2020年3月26日托福听力答案解析托福听力Conversation 1女生刚刚成为outdoor workshop的新晋会长，然后老师恭喜她，她就跟老师说没有收到邮件，然后希望你能当我们leader，老师说你自己当就挺好的。
然后就想让这个教授做她的导师，因为她没做过leader就很紧张(有题)。
然后又说举行活动的一个地方被占了，反正吹了就问B—能够吗?professor就说挺好啊，是outdoor的活动呀，教授还说能够搞一些introductory的活动，还能够培养collaboration定下以后活动的基调，然后这个女生说自己活动的计划之类之类(这里有题)，教授听了说你这不是想的很好吗?而且我有一个学生说能够为你的社团提供fund。
托福听力Lecture 1[人类学]讲英国的巨石阵Stone Henge和距离它不远的Durrington Wall, 巨石阵是石头做的，两圈，而那个Wall是木炭/木材建的(石头永久，木头不永久，推测可能有象征意义，有题)，里面发现了一些动物尸骨和Pottery，两个地方都有path到河边。
所以推测他们先到Durrington Wall吃大餐feast, 然后去河边，再去巨石阵祭祀(有题考顺序)。
托福听力Lecture 2[考古学]Ice Age后有一段特殊气温降低时期使大型动物消失，科学家发现了一层PBD? 大概是一层glacier，下面有大型动物化石而上面没有，所以推测这可能是一个原因。
然后另一个可能是陨石原因，提到恐龙灭绝是因为陨石撞地球。
然后这层PBD中含有很多nano颗粒，以及一种化学微颗粒，考虑源于meter dust。
但是房顶上也有这种化学微颗粒，所以不能完全推断大型动物灭绝的原因。
托福听力Conversation 2学生改了topic题目(主旨题)，一开始topic是古代北非burberry地区相关，但是因为时间太久远几乎找不到什么资料，教授推荐了个网址去搜资料。
【VIP专享】TPO3听力 题目
6.培养学生观察、思考、对比及分析综合的能力。过程与方法1.通过观察蚯蚓教的学实难验点，线培形养动观物察和能环力节和动实物验的能主力要；特2.征通。过教对学观方察法到与的教现学象手分段析观与察讨法论、，实对验线法形、动分物组和讨环论节法动教特学征准的备概多括媒，体继课续件培、养活分蚯析蚓、、归硬纳纸、板综、合平的面思玻维璃能、力镊。子情、感烧态杯度、价水值教观1.和通过学理解的蛔虫1.过适观1、于察程3观阅 六寄蛔.内列察读 、生虫出蚯材 让生标容3根常蚓料 学活本教.了 据见身： 生的，师2、解 问的体巩鸟 总形看活作 用蛔 题线的固类 结态雌动业 手虫 自形练与 本、雄学三： 摸对 学动状习人 节结蛔生4、、收 一人 后物和同类 课构虫活请一蚯点生形教生让在类 蚓危 问纳。习从 并理状学列学平的害 题线蚯线人 归特四、意出四生面体以形蚓形类 纳点、大图常、五观玻存 表及动的鸟动文 本以请小引见引、察璃现 ，预物身类物明 节及3学有言的、导巩蚯上状 是防的体之和历 课蚯生什根环怎学固蚓和， 干感主是所环史 学蚓列么据节二样生练引牛鸟 燥染要否以节揭 到适举不上动、区回习导皮类 还的特分分动晓 的于蚯同节物让分答。学纸减 是方征节布物起 一穴蚓，课并学蚯课生上少 湿法。?广教， 些居的体所归在生蚓前回运的 润；4泛学鸟生益色学纳.靠物完的问答动原 的4蛔，目类 习活处和习环.近在成前题蚯的因 ？了虫以标就 生的。体节身其实端并蚓快及 触解寄上知同 物特表内动体结验和总利的慢我 摸蚯生适识人 学点有容物前构并后结用生一国 蚯蚓在于与类 的，什的端中思端线问活样的 蚓人飞技有 基进么引主的的考?形题环吗十 体生行能着 本特出要几变以动，境？大 节活的1密 方“征本特节.化下物让并为珍 近习会形理切 法生。课征有以问的小学引什稀 腹性态解的 。物2课。什游题主.结生出么鸟 面和起结蛔关体观题么戏：要利明蚯？类 处适哪构虫系的察：特的特用确蚓等 ，于些特适。形蛔章殊形征板，这资 是穴疾点于可态虫我结式。书生种料 光居病是寄结的们构，五小物典， 滑生？重生鸟构内学，学、结的型以 还活5要生类与部习.其习巩鸟结的爱 是如原活生功结了颜消固类构线鸟 粗形何因的存能构腔色化练适特形护 糙态预之结的相，肠是系习于点动鸟 ？、防一构现适你动否统。飞都物为结蛔。和状应认物与的行是。主构虫课生却”为和其结的与题、病本理不的蛔扁他构特环以生？8特乐观虫形部8特征境小理三页点观的动位点梳相组等、这；，教哪物相，理适为方引些2鸟育些，同.师知应单面导鸟掌类；结了？生识的位学你握日2构解.互。办特生认线益通特了动手征观识形减过点它，抄；察吗动少理是们生报5蛔？物，解与的.参一了虫它和有蛔寄主与份解结们环些虫生要其。蚯构都节已对生特中爱蚓。会动经人活征培鸟与飞物灭类相。养护人吗的绝造适这兴鸟类？主或成应节趣的为要濒的课情关什特临危？就感系么征灭害来教；？；绝，学育，使习。我学比们生它可理们以解更做养高些成等什良的么好两。卫类生动习物惯。的根重据要学意生义回；答3的.通情过况了，解给蚯出蚓课与课人题类。的回关答系：，线进形行动生物命和科环学节价动值环观节的动教物育一。、教根学据重蛔点虫1病.蛔引虫出适蛔于虫寄这生种生典活型的结线构形和动生物理。特二点、；设2置.蚯问蚓题的让生学活生习思性考和预适习于。穴居生活的形态、结构、生理等方面的特征；3.线形动物和环节动物的主要特征。
2013年3月16日托福听力考试真题回忆-
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2013年3月16日托福听力考试真题回忆
2012年3月16日托福考试已经结束,考试真题回忆出炉了!感兴趣的同学们看过来!中国教育在线外语频道为大家整理本次考试答案、真题等,敬请关注!下面是托福听力考试真题回忆:
Conversation 1:学生来找生物老师,有人问他落叶原因,老师解释了分泌某种激素,他很感兴趣想要选botany 的课程,老师说我们下周有个各科学学科的年会,问学生参加不。
Lecture 1:珊瑚脱色,一是因为释放了细胞中的algae ,另一个是海水中CO2含量升高,溶解珊瑚外面的钙质,还说科学家如可鉴定速度,使用一个类似树的年轮的方法。
Lecture 2:婴儿(infant 能否判断谁是helper 谁是hinder 的问题。
Conversation 2:女生宿舍灯坏了,想留下灯泡做sculpture 的装饰,还有下周围棋
社的游行floating 。
Lecture 3:画家Albert Bierstadt 的一生,刚开始很火,后来时代变了,他也落寞了。
Lecture 4:CO2减少的两种方法,一是种树,二是储藏在地下。
听力加试:印度姐姐和意大利哥哥来讲课。
托福TPO1-30听力中Lecture部分的每个Lecture文章主旨大意和中心思想
childhood amnesia,rate of forgetting
中 parenting behaviors of birds
中
different types of residential architectures in the United States
中
the state of Florida,farmers moved south,great citric industry in Florida,the impact of landscapes on temperature
How you can successfully call attention to the service or
product you want to sell
DNA,chromosomes
MBWA--managing by wandering around
难 Opera,the golden age in French literature
Animal communication systems,human language
How whales became ocean dwellers
中 Where american food ingredients originally come from
nutrient cycle,the carbon cycle,the Phosphorus cycle
Lec 4 Art history
Lec 1 Art history
Lec 2 Environmental Science Lec 3 History Lec 4 Biology Lec 1 Astronomy Lec 2 Art history Lec 3 European history Lec 4 Biology
2020年3月13日托福听力答案解析
2020年3月13日托福听力答案解析3月13日托福听力Conversation 1学生去见考古学老师问关于他的论文选题，他对加拿大的某个遗址感兴趣。
后面提到了大遗址和小遗址，大遗址包括的信息很多，例如手工制品等等。
小遗址信息少，但是累加起来也会有很多信息。
老师认为不应该忽略小遗址。
-TPO部分对应参考 (学术话题类TPO10-C1/T19-C1)3月13日托福听力Lecture 1艺术课堂讲了一种participate art. 有个艺术家名字缩写是PMJ。
后来大家拿着key 去unlock (这里有题)然后提到了人面对面不说话看着对方，有energy exchange。
然后提到一个test, 就是人会在一起做一些事情，会在纸上写东西等等。
还提到这个很少被作为美术题TK,但是应用到了音乐里面。
-TPO部分对应参考(艺术类TPO3-L3/TPO16-L4)3月13日托福听力Lecture 2讲到关于某种飞行器，由达芬奇参照鸟类飞行提出，翅膀上下煽动的形式。
但是后来有个人说人的肌肉不可能由充足的力量来飞起来。
但是这并不能防碍人们继续研究这种飞行器。
他们开始寻找动力来支持飞行，这种持续了很久，都没有成功。
老师认为有时这种模仿会negative。
后来提到滑翔方式和莱特兄弟的飞机。
题目里说到geese.-TPO部分对应参考 (科学类TPO3-L1/TPO11-L3)3月13日托福听力Conversation 2学校学生去见Dean, 建议学校应该提供学校的信息来协助新生。
Dean说网站上有信息了，学生说那些信息不好找。
Dean问了她这会有什么协助，她说她的advisor帮了她很多。
建一个网站仅仅她的部分计划，人与人面谈比较好。
Dean 说没钱支持，学生说不要紧，只用提供办公室和打印费就行了，员工都是志愿者。
然后dean说能够，但是还是要向学校 propose.-TPO部分对应参考 (校园场景类TP8-C1/T23-C1)3月13日托福听力Lecture 3Environment biology 课堂，关于濒临灭绝的生物的保护和所带来的影响。
TPO1-3听力题目
TPO1-3听力题目托福TPO 1-3 Listening QuestionsTPO1 Lecture 1 5TPO1 Lecture 2 6TPO1 Conversation 2 8TPO1 Lecture 3 8TPO1 Lecture 4 9TPO2 Conversation 1 11TPO2 Lecture 1 11TPO2 Lecture 2 12TPO2 Conversation 2 13TPO2 Lecture 3 14TPO2 Lecture 4 15TPO3 Conversation 1 16TPO3 Lecture 1 17TPO3 Lecture 2 18TPO3 Conversation 2 19TPO3 Lecture 3 20TPO3 Lecture 4 21TPO4 Conversation 1 22TPO4 Lecture 1 23TPO4 Lecture 2 24TPO4 Conversation 2 25TPO4 Lecture 3 26TPO4 Lecture 4 27TPO5 Conversation 1 29TPO5 Lecture 1 29TPO5 Lecture 2 30TPO5 Conversation 2 32TPO5 Lecture 3 32TPO5 Lecture 4 33TPO6 Conversation 1 35TPO6 Lecture 1 36TPO6 Lecture 2 37TPO6 Conversation 2 38TPO6 Lecture 3 38TPO7 Conversation 1 41 TPO7 Lecture 1 41 TPO7 Lecture 2 42 TPO7 Conversation 2 43 TPO7 Lecture 3 44 TPO7 Lecture 4 45 TPO8 Conversation 1 46 TPO8 Lecture 1 47 TPO8 Lecture 2 49 TPO8 Conversation 2 50 TPO8 Lecture 3 51 TPO8 Lecture 4 52 TPO9 Conversation1 54 TPO9 Lecture 1 55 TPO9 Lecture 2 56 TPO9 Conversation 2 57 TPO9 Lecture 3 58 TPO9 Lecture 4 59 TPO10 Conversation 1 61 TPO10 Lecture 1 63 TPO10 Lecture 2 64 TPO10 Conversation 2 65 TPO10 Lecture 3 66 TPO10 Lecture 4 67 TPO11 Conversation 1 69 TPO11 Lecture 1 70 TPO11 Lecture 2 71 TPO11 Conversation 2 72 TPO11 Lecture 3 73 TPO11 Lecture 4 74 TPO12 Conversation 1 75 TPO12 Lecture 1 76 TPO12 Lecture 2 77 TPO12 Conversation 2 78 TPO12 Lecture 3 79 TPO12 Lecture 4 80 TPO13 Conversation 1 81TPO13 Lecture 2 83 TPO13 Conversation 2 85 TPO13 Lecture 3 86 TPO13 Lecture 4 87 TPO14 Conversation 1 88 TPO14 Lecture 1 89 TPO14 Lecture 2 91 TPO14 Conversation 2 92 TPO14 Lecture 3 93 TPO14 Lecture 4 94 TPO15 Conversation 1 95 TPO15 Lecture 1 96 TPO15 Lecture 2 97 TPO15 Conversation 2 99 TPO15 Lecture 3 100 TPO15 Lecture 4 101 Tpo16 Conversation 1 102 TPO16 Lecture 1 103 TPO16 Lecture 2 105 TPO16 Conversation 2 106 TPO16 Lecture 3 107 TPO16 Lecture 4 108 Tpo-17 Conversation 1 110 TPO17 Lecture 1 111 TPO17 Lecture 2 112 TPO 17 Conversation 2 113 TPO 17 Lecture 3 114 TPO17 Lecture 4 115 TPO 18 Conversation 1 117 TPO 18 Lecture 1 117 TPO 18 Lecture 2 118 TPO 18 Conversation 2 119 TPO 18 Lecture 3 119 TPO 18 Lecture 4 120 TPO 19 Conversation 1 121 TPO 19 Lecture 1 122 TPO 19 Lecture 2 123TPO 19 Conversation 2 124TPO 19 Lecture 3 125TPO 19 Lecture 4 126TPO 20 Conversation 1 127TPO 20 Lecture 1 128TPO 20 Lecture 2 129TPO 20 Conversation 2 130TPO 20 Lecture 3 131TPO 20 Lecture 4 133TPO 21 Conversation 1 134TPO 21 Lecture 1 135TPO 21 Lecture 2 136TPO 21 Conversation 2 137TPO 21 Lecture 3 138TPO 21 Lecture 4 139TPO 22 Conversation 1 140TPO 22 Lecture 1 141TPO 22 Lecture 2 142TPO 22 Conversation 2 143TPO 22 Lecture 3 144TPO 22 Lecture 4 145TPO 23 Conversation 1 146TPO 23 Lecture 1 148TPO 23 Lecture 2 149TPO 23 Conversation 2 151TPO 23 Lecture 3 152TPO 23 Lecture 4 153TPO 24 Lecture 4 156TPO1 Conversation 11. Why does the student go to see the librarian?To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for research To report that a journal is missing from the reference areaTo find out the procedure for checking out journal articlesTo ask about how to look for resources for a class paper2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library?They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserveMost of them are accessible in an electronic formatMost of them can be checked out for three weeksPrinted versions from the past three years are located in the reference section.3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time?Choose an easier research topicConcentrate on five journalsRead the summaries of the articles firstInstall a new program on her home computer4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library? She thinks she might need additional help from the manShe does not have a computer at homeShe has to hand in her assignment by the end of the dayShe will be meeting a friend in the library later on5.Why does the woman say this()She had forgotten about the informationShe is surprised she was not aware of the informationShe is annoyed that the information was published only recentlyShe is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect informationTPO1 Lecture 16.What is the purpose of the lecture?To explain the difference between two artistic stylesTo describe a new art gallery to the classTo introduce an artist's work to the classTo show how artists' styles can evolve over time7.What does the professor say about Frantzen's painting of a farm scene?It resembles a photographIt may be Frantzen's best known paintingIt was painted in the Impressionist styleIt was painted while Frantzen lived abroad8.Why did Frantzen go to the Sales Barn?To study human form and movementTo earn money by painting portraitsTo paint farm animals in an outdoor settingTo meet people who could model for her paining9.What does the professor imply about the painting of the young woman surrounded by pumpkins?It was painted at an art fairIt combines Impressionism with RealismIt convinced Frantzen that she was a good illustratorIt was originally meant to be used in an advertisement10.Why does the professor discuss Frantzen's difficulties as a young painter?He wants to point out mistakes that young artists commonly makeHe thinks her example can inspire the students in their own livesHer difficulties remind him of the difficulties he himself experienced as a young girl Her difficulties are the subject of some of the paintings in the gallery that the students will visit11.What does the professor imply when he says this()The students can understand Frantzen's art without knowing about her lifeThe students should pay very close attention to what he is going to saySome of his students are already familiar with Frantzen's life storySome of his students may not appreciate Frantzen's workTPO1 Lecture 212.What does the professor mainly discuss?The difference in age among American mountain rangesThe importance of a technique used for dating geological materialsThe recent discovery of an ancient canyonA comparison of various minerals used for dating13.Before the use of uranium-lead analysis, where did most geologists think the Grand Canyon sandstone came from?An ancient lake located in the American SouthwestA desert that once connected two continentsSands carried by a river from the Appalachian MountainsA nearby mountain range that had flattened out over time14.In the talk, the professor describes the sequence of uranium-lead dating. Summarize the sequence by putting the events in the correct order.Drag your answer choices to spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on itZircon in the sandstone is matched to the zircon in a particular mountain range.The amount of lead in sandstone zircon is measuredThe age of zircon in a sandstone sample is determined12315.According to the professor, what change has caused uranium-lead dating to gain popularity recently?It can be performed outside a laboratoryIt can now be done more efficientlyIt no longer involves radioactive elementsIt can be used in fields other than geology16.Why does the professor talk about the breaking apart of Earth's continents?To give another example of how uranium-lead dating might be usefulTo explain how the Grand Canyon was formedTo demonstrate how difficult uranium-lead dating isTo disprove a theory about the age of Earth's first mountain ranges17.What does the professor imply when he says this()The class is easier than other geology classesThe class has already studied the information he is discussingSome students should take a course in geological dating techniquesHe will discuss the topic later in the classTPO1 Conversation 21.What is the conversation mainly aboutA lesson Matthew prepared for his studentsA class Matthew has been observingA term paper that Matthew has writtenA problem in Matthew's classroom2.What is Matthew's opinion about observing Mr.Grabell's third-grade class? It will help him become a more effective teacherIt could help improve his study habitsIt has improved his public-speaking skillsIt may be the most difficult assignment he has had3.Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology?To identify a topic frequently discussed in third gradeTo get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taughtTo make a suggestion to improve the class he is takingTo illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class4.What important skills did Mr.Grabell introduce to his third-grade class?Click on 3 answersReviewing other student's reportsUsing books in the libraryInterviewing their classmatesSpeaking in publicWriting reports5.What will Matthew probably do in next Wednesday's class?Hand in his assignment earlyTry to start a study groupMake a presentation to the classChoose a topic for his paperTPO1 Lecture 36.What is the lecture mainly about?Art in the Neolithic periodThe site of a Neolithic townMethods of making stone toolsThe domestication of plants and animals by early farmers7.What does the professor imply about the tools used by the people of Catalhoyuk?They were made of stone that came from CatalhoyukThey were among the sharpest tools available at the timeThey were often used in religious ritualsThey were used primarily for agriculture8.What does the professor say about the entrances to the horses in Catalhoyuk?Click on 2 answersThey were in the roofThey were usually kept closedThey allowed smoke to escape from the houseThey stood opposite one another across narrow streets9.What does the professor say about Catalhoyuk graves?The graves contained precious stonesMany people were buried in each graveThe grave were located under the house floorsThe graves contained ashes rather than bones10.What does the professor think of the idea that the inhabitants of Catalhoyuk deliberately arranged their house so that they could live near their ancestors' graves?She thinks it is a good guess, but only a guessShe thinks some evidence supports it, but other evidence contradicts it.She thinks that further excavations will soon disprove itShe thinks that it is not appropriate to make such guesses about the distant past11.What are three things the professor says about the artwork of Catalhoyuk? Click on 3 answersIt was clearly important to the Catalhoyuk religionIt became covered with sootIt often shows farmers at workIts significance is unknownIt contains many hunting scenesTPO1 Lecture 412.What is the main topic of the lectureThe types of habitats marmots preferMethods of observing marmot behaviorFeeding habits of some marmot speciesDifferences in behavior between marmot species13.According to the case study, why are marmots ideal for observationThey do not hide from humansThey reside in many regions throughout North AmericaThey are active in open areas during the dayTheir burrows are easy to locate14.Drag the appropriate description of each marmot species' behavior to the box below the marmot's nameClick on a phrase. Then drag it to the space where it belongs.One of the phrases will not be usedDisplays aggressive tendencies is family oriented says active during the winterOlympic Marmot Eastern Marmot15.What reason does the professor give for the difference in marmot behaviour patterns?Type of food availableThe size of the populationInteraction with other marmot speciesAdaptations to the climate16.Why does the professor say this()To inform the student that his definition is incorrectTo suggest that the student did not do the readingTo encourage the student to try againTo change the topic of discussion17.Why does the professor say this()To express a similar concernTo encourage the student to explain what she meansTo address the student's concernTo agree with the studentTPO2 Conversation 11.Why does the man go to see his professorTo borrow some charts and graphs from herTo ask her to explain some statistical proceduresTo talk about report he is writingTo discuss a grade he got on a paper2.What information will the man include in his report?Click in the correct box for each phraseInclude in report Not include in reportClimate chartsInterviews with meteorologistsJournals notesStatistical tests3.Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctor's office? To demonstrate a way of remembering thingsTo explain why she needs to leave soonTo illustrate a point that appears in his reportTo emphasize the importance of good health4.What does the professor offer to do for the manHelp him collect more data in other areas of the stateSubmit his research findings for publicationGive him the doctor's telephone numberReview the first version of his report5.Why does the professor say this()To question the length of the paperTo offer encouragementTo dispute the data sourcesTo explain a theoryTPO2 Lecture 16.What is the professor mainly discussingThe development of motor skills in childrenHow psychologists measure muscle activity in the throatA theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinkingA study on deaf people's problem-solving techniques7.Why does the professor say this()To give an example of a laryngeal habitTo explain the meaning of a termTo explain why he is discussing laryngeal habitsTo remind students of a point he had discussed previously8.Why does the professor say about people who use sign languageIt is not possible to study their thinking habitsThey exhibit laryngeal habitsThe muscles in their hands move when they solve problemsThey do not exhibit ideomotor action9.What point does the professor make when he refers to the university libraryA study on problem solving took place thereStudents should go there to read more about behaviorismStudents' eyes will turn toward it if they think about itHe learned about William James' concept of thinking there10.The professor describes a magic trick to the class,what does the magic trick demonstrate?An action people make that they are not aware ofThat behaviorists are not really scientistsHow psychologists study childrenA method for remembering locations11.What is the professor's opinion of the motor theory of thinkingMost of the evidence he has collected contradicts itIt explains adult behavior better than it explains child behaviorIt is the most valid theory of thinking at the present timeIt cannot be completely proved or disprovedTPO2 Lecture 212.What aspect of Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly discuss in the lectureSimilarities between cotton fibers and manila hemp fibersVarious types of manila hemp fibersThe economic importance of Manila hemp fibersA use of Manila hemp fibers13.Why does the professor mention going away for the weekend?To tell the class a jokeTo apologize for not completing some workTo introduce the topic of the lectureTo encourage students to ask about her trip14.What does the professor imply about the name Manila hempIt is a commercial brand namePart of the name is inappropriateThe name has recently changedThe name was first used in the 1940's15.Why does the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge?To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cablesTo give an example of the creative use of colorTo show that steel cables are able to resist salt waterTo give an example of a use of Manila hemp16.According to the professor, what was the main reason that many ships used Manila hemp ropes instead of steel cables?Manila hemp was cheaperManila hemp was easier to produceManila hemp is more resistant to salt waterManila hemp is lighter in weight17.According to the lecture, what are two ways to increase the strength or rope made from Manila hemp fibers?Click on 2 answersCoat the fibers with zinc-based paintCombine the fibers into bundlesSoak bundles of fibers in salt waterTwist bundles of fibersTPO2 Conversation 21.What are the students mainly discussing?Click on 2 answersTheir courses for next semesterTheir plans for the weekendA poetry clubA class assignment2.What does the man plan to do at the end of the monthRegister for classesFinish writing his master's thesisLeave his job at the coffee shopTake a short vacation3.Why does the man talk to the woman about the "Poetry Kitchen"?To find out how often the club meetsTo inform her that the date of the next meeting has changedTo complain that not enough people are reading their poemsTo encourage her to attend4.What is the woman's attitude toward participating in the poetry club?She is looking forward to hearing her professor's poetryShe is interested in attending but she has no timeShe thinks the poetry that is read there is not very goodShe used to participate but did not enjoy it5.What will the students do in the summerThey will both take coursesThey will both have full-time jobsThey will travel to England togetherThey will teach a class togetherTPO2 Lecture 36.What is the main purpose of the lecture?To illustrate the importance of extrinsic valuesTo explain Aristotle's views about the importance of teachingTo explain why people change what they valueTo discuss Aristotle's views about human happiness7.The professor gives examples of things that have value for her. Indicate for each example what type of value it has for her.Click in the correct box. This question is worth 2 points.Only extrinsic value Only intrinsic value Both extrinsic and intrinsic value TeachingExercisehealthPlaying a musical instrument8.Why is happiness central to Aristotle's theory?Because it is so difficult for people to attainBecause it is valued for its own sake by all peopleBecause it is a means to a productive lifeBecause most people agree about what happiness is9.According to the professor, why does Aristotle think that fame cannot provide true happiness?Fame cannot be obtained without help from other peopleFame cannot be obtained by all peopleFame does not last foreverPeople cannot share their fame with other people10.What does the professor mean when she says this()Teaching is not a highly valued profession in societyShe may change professions in order to earn more moneyThe reason she is a teacher has little to do with her salaryMore people would become teachers if the salary were higher11.What is Bode's law?A law of gravitationAn estimate of the distance between Mars and JupiterA prediction of how many asteroids there areA pattern in the spacing of the planetsTPO2 Lecture 412.Why does the professor explain Bode's Law to the class?To describe the size of the asteroidsTo explain who the asteroids belt was discoveredTo explain how gravitational forces influence the planetsTo describe the impact of telescopes on astronomy13.How does the professor introduce Bode's Law?By demonstrating how it is derived mathematicallyBy describing the discovery of UranusBy drawing attention to the inaccuracy of a certain patternBy telling the names of several of the asteroids14.According to the professor, what two factors contributed to the discovery of the asteroid Ceres?Click on 2 answersImproved telescopesAdvances in mathematicsThe discovery of a new starThe position of Uranus in a pattern15.What does the professor imply about the asteroid belt?It is farther from the Sun than UranusBode believed it was made up of small starsIt is located where people expected to find a planetCeres is the only one of the asteroids that can be seen without a telescope16.Why does the professor say thisTo introduce an alternative application of Bode's LawTo give an example of what Bode's law cannot explainTo describe the limitaions of gravitational theoryTo contrast Bode's Law with a real scientific lawTPO3 Conversation 1Q1Why does the women come to the office?To notify the university of her change of addressTo find out where her physics class is being heldTo get directions to the science buildingTo complain about her physics class being canceledQ2What happened to the letter the university sent to the woman?She threw it away by mistakeHer roommate forgot to give it to herIt was sent to her old mailing addressIt was sent to another student by mistakeQ3Why was the woman’s physics class canceled?Not enough students signed up to take the classNo professors were available to teach the classThe university changed its requirements for physics studentsThere were no classrooms available in the science building at the hourQ4What does the man suggest the woman do before the beginning of next semester? Consult with her advisor about her class scheduleCheck with the registrar’s office about the location of the classRegister for her classes earlyCall the physics departmentQ5RWhat does the man imply when he say this:He know the physics class has been canceledHe is not sure where the science building isMany of the room assignments have been changedThe women can check for herself where her class isTPO3 Lecture 1Q6What does the professor mainly discuss?Major changes in the migratory patterns of hummingbirdsThe adaptation of hummingbirds to urban environmentsConcern about the reduction of hummingbird habitatThe impact of ecotourism on hummingbird populationsQ7What does the professor imply might cause a decrease in the hummingbird population?An increase in the ecotourism industryAn increase in the use of land to raise crops and cattleA decrease in banding studiesA decrease in the distance traveled during migrationQ8What does the professor say people have done to help hummingbirds survive?They have built a series of hummingbird feeding stationsThey have supported new laws that punish polluters of wildlife habitatsThey have replanted native flowers in once polluted areasThey have learned to identify various hummingbird speciesQ9What way of collecting information about migrating hummingbirds does the professor mention?Receiving radio signals from electronic tracking devicesBeing contacted by people who recapture banded birdsCounting the birds that return to the same region every yearComparing old and young birds’ migration routesQ10What does the professor imply researchers have learned while studying hummingbird migration?Hummingbirds have totally disappeared from some countries due to recent habitat destructionPrograms to replant flowers native to hummingbird habitats are not succeeding Some groups of hummingbirds have changed their migration patternsSome plant species pollinated by hummingbirds have become extinctQ11RWhat does the professor imply when she say this:There is disagreement about the idea she has presentedShe does not plan to discuss all the detailsHer next point may seem to contradict what she has just saidThe point she will make next should be obvious to the studentsTPO3 Lecture 2Q12What is the main purpose of the lecture?To discuss the style of an early filmmakerTo describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930sTo discuss the emergence of the documentary filmTo describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction filmsQ13Why are Painleve’s films typical of the films of the 1920s and 1930s?They do not have soundThey are filmed underwaterThey are easy to understandThey difficult to categorizeQ14According to the professor, how did Painleve’s film confuse the audience?They show animals out of their natural habitatThey depict animals as having both human and animal characteristicsThe narration is scientific and difficult to understandThe audiences of the 1920s and 1930s were not used to films shot underwaterQ15Why does the professor mention sea horses?To explain that they were difficult to film in the 1930sTo point out that Cousteau made documentaries about themTo illustrate Pianleve’s fascination with unusual animalsTo explain why Painleve’s underwater films were not successfulQ16Why does the professor compare the film style of Jacques Cousteau and Jean Painleve?To explain how Painleve influenced CousteauTo emphasize the uniqueness of Painleve’s filming styleTo emphasize the artistic value of Cousteau’s documentary filmsT o demonstrate the superiority of Painleve’s filmmaking equipmentQ17RWhat does the student imply when he say this:He does not like Jean Painleve’s filmsHe thinks that the professor should spend more time discussing Jacques Cousteau’s filmHe believes that high quality filmmakers are usually well knownHe believes that Jean Painleve’s film have been unfairly overlookedTPO3 Conversation 2Q1Why does the student go to see the professor?To ask about a class assignmentTo find out about a midsemester projectTo get information about summer jobsTo discuss ways to improve his gradeQ2What was originally located on the site of the lecture hall?A farmhouseA pottery factoryA clothing storeA bottle-manufacturing plantQ3What is mentioned as an advantage of working on this project?Off-campus travel is paid offStudents can leave class earlyThe location is convenientIt fulfills a graduation requirementQ4What is the professor considering doing to get move volunteers?Offering extra class creditPaying the students for their timeAsking for student volunteers from outside her classProviding flexible work schedulesQ5What information does the student still need to get from the professor? The name of the senior researcherWhat book he needs to read before the next lectureWhen the train session will be scheduledWhere the project is locatedTPO3 Lecture 3Q6What does the professor mainly discuss?The oldest known cave artHow ancient cave art is datedThe homes of Paleolithic humansHow Paleolithic humans thought about animalsQ7When does the professor mention his daughter?To describe her reaction to seeing the paintingsTo explain the universal appeal for the Chauvet paintingsTo demonstrate the size of most Paleolithic cave artTo emphasize his point about the age of Chauvet paintingsQ8What is the professor’s opinion about the art at the Chauvet cave?It is extremely well doneIt probably reflected artists’ religious beliefsIt is less sophisticated than the art at Lascaux and AltamiraIt is probably not much older than the are at Lascaux and AltamiraQ9According to the professor, what is the significance of charcoal marks on the walls of the Chauvet cave?They suggest that Paleolithic people cooked their food in the caveThey prove that people came to the cave long after the paintings were madeThey show how much light the Paleolithic artists needed for their workThey were used in recent times to date the paintingsQ10Compared to other Paleolithic art, what is unusual about the animals painted at Chauvet?Most of them are horsesMany of them are dangerousMany of them are shown alongside humansAll of them are species that are still found in FranceQ11What are two questions about the Chauvet cave artists that the professor raises but cannot answer?Choice two answers belowHow they lighted their work areaHow they obtained pigments for their paintsWhy they chose to paint certain animals and not othersWhy they placed their art in dark, uninhabited placesTPO3 Lecture 4Q12What is the lecture mainly about?Different ways of magnifying the spectrum of a starHow a chemical element was first discovered on the SunHow astronomers identify the chemical elements in a starWhy the spectra of different stars are composed of different colors。
托福听力TPO3学习笔记之lecture1-智课教育旗下智课教育
智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福听力TPO3学习笔记之lecture1-智课教育旗下智课教育以下是小编在学习托福听力TPO3中的lecture1时做的学习笔记，针对难词注解、长难句分析以及考题对应考点这三大方面展开，仅供参考。
下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下这篇托福听力TPO3学习笔记的内容吧，这是小编的一些见解，以便帮助大家更加充分的理解TPO真题，希望能够给正在准备托福听力的考友们带来帮助。
一、难词注解migrate vi. 移动;随季节而移居;移往humming 唱v. 嗡嗡作响(hum的ing形式)onrecord 有纪录的nectar 花蜜二、长难句分析Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it’sreally tiny, it migrates over very long distances, travels up and down thewestern hemisphere – the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds inthe summer and the warmer climates where it spends the winter.大家都知道蜂鸟体形超小，但尽管它很小，它迁徙时得飞到很远的地方，南北横跨西半球——美国，在夏季的繁殖地和气候暖和一点的地方来回，它们到暖和一点的地方过冬。
难词释义：hemisphere n. 半球breeds n. [生物] 品种;族类(breed的复数形式)难句类型：even though 引导的让步状语从句，where引导的定语从句三、考题对应考点6. Now, we’ve been talking about the loss of animal habitat from housing developments, uh …, growing cities – small habitat losses. But today I wanna begin talking about what happenswhen habitat is reduced across a large area. So what’s the impact of habitat loss on those animals – animals that need large areas of habitat?听力十三原则中的课堂回顾式，而且出现了but，but 后面的内容通常是考点，所以答案选C7. But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds.听力十三原则中的转折原则，but后面的内容是重点，所以答案选B8. So help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. And one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flowers, um, replanting native flowers that humming birds feedon.因果原则，关注SO后面的内容，常是考点，答案是C.9. oh, and there is a phone number on the band for people to call for free, to report a banded bird to be found or recaptured. So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn …强调原则，根据这段可知答案选B.10. Another interesting thing we learned is that some humming birds no longer use a certain route. They travel by a different route to reach theirdestination.结尾原则，从最后一句可知答案选C.11. It gose without saying体现出professor充分相信她接下来要讲的内容对于学生来说是十分明确的。
新托福突破口TPO(1-30 纸质版)听力分类总结(用于横听及总结)
Art TPO1TPO3TPO3TPO7TPO8TPO9艺术Lecture1Lecture2Lecture3 Lecture1Lecture2Lecture1TPO16TPO17TPO18TPO19TPO22TPO24Lecture4Lecture1Lecture2Lecture4Lecture4Lecture2Anthropology TPO1TPO7TPO22人类学Lecture3Lecture3Lecture1Psychology TPO2TPO10TPO14TPO15TPO30心理学Lecture1Lecture4Lecture1Lecture1Lecture1Philosophy TPO2TPO28哲学Lecture3Lecture1Biology TPO1TPO2TPO4TPO6TPO7TPO8生物学Lecture4Lecture2Lecture1Lecture2Lecture2Lecture1TPO15TPO16TPO17TPO18TPO19TPO20Lecture4Lecture3Lecture4Lecture4Lecture3Lecture4TPO25TPO25TPO26纸质TPO4TPO27TPO27Lecture1Lecture4Lecture2Lecture2Lecture1Lecture3Astronomy TPO2TPO3TPO5TPO13TPO14TPO18天文学Lecture4Lecture4Lecture2Lecture4Lecture3Lecture1纸质TPO5TPO30Lecture3Lecture3Geology TPO1TPO4TPO6TPO7TPO9TPO15地质学Lecture2Lecture3Lecture4Lecture4Lecture3Lecture2Environmental TPO3TPO9TPO10TPO11TPO12TPO13环境科学Lecture1Lecture2Lecture3 Lecture3Lecture4Lecture2Business TPO6TPO11TPO12TPO26纸质TPO4商业Lecture1Lecture4Lecture2Lecture1Lecture1Chemistry TPO5TPO8化学Lecture3Lecture4Architecture TPO11TPO13TPO29建筑Lecture2Lecture1Lecture2History TPO8TPO10TPO17TPO18TPO21TPO25历史Lecture3Lecture2Lecture3 Lecture3 Lecture4Lecture2Archaeology TPO14TPO23TPO14TPO28TPO29考古学Lecture4Lecture1Lecture3 Lecture4Lecture3Linguistics TPO9TPO19TPO20语言学Lecture4Lecture1Lecture1Literature TPO4TPO5TPO6TPO20文学Lecture2Lecture4Lecture3 Lecture3杂类U.S. Governme TPO4Sociology TPO5Choreography T PO23美国政府Lecture4社会学Lecture1舞蹈Lecture4Structural Engine TPO29结构工程学Lecture4无老师题：很多筒子们在准备新托福考试的时候，都感觉一方面自己的能力确实是有问题，但是同太高，使得很多考生都应付不来，无老师这次幸得一份图片版新托福突破口TPO听力部分的分类总结，特地放出横听。
2016年3月11日托福听力真题及答案解析
听力部分Conversation 1学生想在上课做presentation的时候加一些音乐作为poem的背景，但是教授希望她能分清主次，而且教授只注意学生做PPT的能力，不太看重那些花里胡峭的东西，因为加入音乐可能会变成一种自己准备不足的掩饰而分散别的同学的注意力，中间问了为什么要放音乐，是否必须放音乐的问题，但是这个女孩仍然坚持想要加入音乐，教授担心播放音乐的设备可能会有问题，女生说打算自己带个CD去放音乐当做poem的背景。
教授说可以，但是最后他还是会根据PPT的内容来得出分数。
-TPO部分对应参考课程学业类TPO20-C2/T12-C2)Lecture 1以前的艺术形式，现在知道的只是其中一部分，但是人们把它们当成代表性的艺术。
比如岩画在山洞里被保存，但外面岩石上的可能毁掉了。
石器时代，发现人们用很多的骨头去做首饰什么的，其实可能木质的更多，只是没有保存下来。
-TPO部分对应参考(艺术文化类TPO31-L1/TP22-L4)Lecture 2一个公司应该吧主要的财力放在如何提高公司效益上面。
leaning engineering可以用VSM这个系统来避免一些浪贫资源的行为比如transportation等可以用computer model。
提到一个运输公司可能会在运东西的时候有损失等。
还有说到一个教授之前在一个公司，同一个事情需要10天完成，所以分成五个小组，但是前面三个小组不相干，可以同时进行，所以就可以节省四天的时间。
-TPO部分对应参考(社会科学类TPO34-L4/TPO26-L1)Conversation 2学生中心开放时间不对，希望学校改一下。
因为开放的时候没有人，但是大家想去的时候又关了。
说是学校的经费有限，所以不能够延长时间。
没人的时候关，有人的时候开着也是不行的，因为这里的工作人员的时间也是很忙的。
-TPO部分对应参考(校园场景类TP21-C1/T16-C1)Lecture 3牛仔诗派。
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【托福听力备考】TPO3听力文本——Lecture 1对于很多学生来说，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
Lecture 1 Environmental scienceNarrator：Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.Now, we’ve been talking about the loss of animal habitat from housingdevelopments, um…, growing cities – small habitat losses. But today I wannabegin talking about what happens when habitat is reduced across a large area.There are, of course, animal species that require large areas of habitat, andsome migrate over very long distances. So what’s the impact of habitat loss onthose animals – animals that need large areas of habitat?Well, I’ll use the humming birds as an example.Now you know a humming bird is amazingly small, but even though it’s reallytiny, it migrates over very long distances, travels up and down the westernhemisphere – the Americas, back and forth between where it breeds in the summerand the warmer climates where it spends the winter. So we would say that thiswhole area over which it migrates is its habitat because on this long-distancejourney, it needs to come down to feed and sleep every so often, right?Well, the humming bird beats its wings – get this – about 3 thousand timesper minute. So you think, wow, it must need a lot of energy, a lot of food,right? Well, it does. It drinks a lot of nectar from flowers and feeds on someinsects, but it’s energy-efficient too. You can’t say it isn’t. I mean, asitflies all the way across the Gulf of Mexico, it uses up almost none of its bodyfat. But that doesn’t mean it doesn’t need to eat. So humming birds have to relyon plants in their natural habitat.And it goes without saying, but, well, the opposite is true as well, plants depend on humming birds too. There are some flowers that can only be pollinated by the humming birds. Without it stopping to feed and spreading pollen from flower to flower, these plants would cease to exist.But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds. Their nesting sites are affected too, the same, by the same sorts of human activities.And all of these activities pose a real threat to the humming birdpopulation.So to help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. And one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flowers, um, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on.Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat. As the number of visitors, eco-tourists who come to humming bird habitats to watch the birds, the more the number of visitors grows, the more local businessesprofit, so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards, all the more reason to value these beautiful little creatures in their habitat, right?But to understand more about how to protect and support humming birds the best we can, we’ve got to learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes, and also about the natural habitats we find there. That should help us determine how to prevent further decline in the population.A good research method, a good way to learn more, is by running a banding study. Banding the birds allows us to track them over their lifetime. It’s been a practice that’s been used by researchers for years. In fact, most of what we know about humming birds comes from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird and make sure all the information about it, like its weight and age and length, are all recorded, put into international, an international information database. And then we place an extremely lightweight band on one of its legs, well, what looks like a leg, although technically it’s considered part of the bird’s foot.Anyway, these bands are perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years with no evidence of any problems. The band is labeled with a tracking number, oh, and there is a phone number on the band for people to call for free, to report a banded bird they’ve found or recaptured. So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about its migration route, its growth, and how long it has been alive, its lifespan. One recaptured bird had been banded almost 12 years earlier – she is one of the oldest humming birds on record.Another interesting thing we’ve learned is that some humming birds, um, they no longer use a certain route. They travel by a different route to reach their destination. And findings like these have been of interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of countries who are trying to understand the complexities of how changes in a habitat affect the species in it.。