西方报刊经贸文章选读 史天陆 第五版 unit 3
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译The Curtain Goes up 竹幕卷起Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline ― creating differing rules and added confusion中国政府允许外国在沿海投资― 从而差生了不同的法则并引起困惑By Mary Lee in Beijing1. A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself "open to the outside world" and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.满怀信心地中国卷起大部分竹幕，向世界宣布“对外开放”，几乎所有的城市都张挂起邀请外商来投资作正当生意的招牌。
2. The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19 "open" areas in all) nave specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. But every Provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.广东省和福建省的4个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市（都是以前的通商口岸）和海南岛（总共十九个“开放”区）为外国投资者制定了税收和其他方面的鼓励政策。
美英报刊阅读教程Lesson 3 课文
Lesson 3 Women Leap Off Corporate LadderMany turn to start-ups for freedom1 Women’s start-ups have higher successBy Stephanie ArmouCorporations are losing thousands of female employees and managers eager to start businesses of their own.Professional women say they’ re leaving corporate jobs because of advancement barriers, scant help balancing work and family, and a desire to pursue an entrepreneurial goal.2Like a growing number of women, JoAnn Corn abandoned a successful corporate career to launch her own business, Health Care Resources, a Denver-based firm3.“I was petrified,” says Corn, who has continually expanded her business. “1 was just champing at the bit.4 My mind was filled with these ideas, but they were suppressed.”An unprecedented number of professional women are taking the same initiative. The number of female-owned businesses is growing at nearly twice the national average, a pace that alarms some private employers.“The loss of women’s talents in corporations is becoming increasingly worrisome,” says Sheila Wellington, president of Catalyst, a New York-based nonprofit and research advisory group5. “Clearly, the message to Corporate America is maintain these women.”The number of female-owned businesses grew by 78% from 1987 to 1996, according to the National Foundation for Women Business Owners (NFWBO) 6. There were about 8 million female-owned businesses in 1996, or 36% of all businesses. Many women are shunning the privatesector7 because of:•Barriers to advancement. Nearly 30% of female entrepreneurs with prior private-sector experience cited glass-ceiling issues8 as the major reason they left corporations, based on a 1998 survey by Catalyst, NFWBO and The Committee of 200, and organization of businesswomen. “There didn’t seem to be a lot of opportunity for moving up,” says Diahann Lassus, who started her own financial planning firm in New Providence, N. J.9, after quitting a corporate management job. “I felt like the opportunities weren’t there anymore.”Diahann Lassus giving a lecture•More flexibility. Even though entrepreneurs toil long hours, many can choose when they work. “I can’t wait for the day when I’m just doing my own business,” says Tammie Chestnut, 27, of Tempe, Ariz.10, who recently launched a resume consulting busi ness”, The Resum6 Shop, while working for the Tempe Chamber of Commerce. “I want freedom. 1 want to take the day off to spend with my child.”The need for flexibility was cited by more than half the female business owners as a major reason for leaving corp orate positions, based on the survey by Catalyst and other women’ s groups.“I wanted to work part time and choose my own hours,” says Aura Ahuvia, 33, who launched a monthly publication, The Washtenaw Parent12, in 1995 from her home in Ann Arbor, Mich13. “It gave me more flexibility than any job around here. If my kids get sick, I can take the day off.”•An entrepreneurial spark14. Many women say entrepreneurial interests were stifled at corporatejobs.“As you get larger, it’s really a struggle to think outside the box15,” says Lois Haber, CEO of Delaware V alley Financial Services in Berwyn, Pa.16, which uses a focus group to foster creativity. “You just want to get the work done.”Female-owned firms generate about $2.3 trillion in revenue, a 236% jump from 1987 to 1996. Female business owners employ about 18.5 million people, which means one out of every four company workers in the USA is at a female-owned firm. “The rise in women entrepreneurs is one of the big demographics changing our society,” says Ly nn Neeley, president-elect of the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship.Female entrepreneursAnd it’s an issue causing mounting concern for private employers trying to hold onto top hires17. Deloitte & Touche, for example, started programs such as flexible work arrangements to help stanch turnover. Others are taking advantage of the disillusionment: McDonald’s ads woo franchisees with the slogan “Golden Arches, not glass ceilings.”18“Women starting businesses today compared to 20 years ago are more likely to leave because they’re frustrated,” says Julie Weeks, research director at NFWBO. “Those are the kind of employees companies would love to keep.”But going solo is no guarantee of success.19 Women report they struggle to be taken seriously. Hours can be grueling. Failure rates are high.While start-ups often have a shaky future, there is promise. Female-owned businesses are more likely to remain in operation than the average firm. The fastest growth today among female-owned firms includes manufacturing, construction, whole-sale distribution and agribusiness.“They see an opportunity to make a difference and become involved,” says Sharon Hadary, executive director of NFWBO. “Not only do we have more women-owned business, the businesses we have are more sophisticated and larger. The businesses themselves are becoming more substantial.”The Small Business Administration reports that nearly three-fourths of female-owned firms launched in 1991 were still operating three years later, vs. two-thirds of all companies.“The biggest obstacle is they’re not taken seriously,” says Phyllis Hill Slater, president of the National Association of Women Business Owners. “I tell women, ‘The more money you earn the more seriously you’ 11 be taken.’ ”Worth the riskMany women feel it’ s worth the gamble. Just last month, Geraldine Laybourne, the president of Walt Disney’ s20 cable networks, said she will leave to start a firm producing shows for women and children.Studies show women take greater risks. According to a survey, 59% of male business owners polled are in a business closely related to previous careers, while 56% of the women own businesses either totally unrelated to previous careers or that had been a personal interest.The shifts can be dramatic. Gail Johnson quit a job as a systems programmer to start Lasting Impression, which helps clients with presentation skills and business etiquette.21“This was always my love,” says Johnson, 50, of Lafayette, Calif.22 “It seemed appealing to be in charge and in control. You’ re out on a limb23 more and you have to wear many hats24, but I love it.”And today’s female entrepreneurs are more apt to be former managers and executives, reflectingwomen’ s advancement over the years.“I kept thinking, ‘Why am I making all this money for someone else?’” says Nina McLemore, who in 1995 co-founded Regent Capital Partners—an equity and debt investment firm—after being president of Liz Claibourne Accessories25.Business experts say companies will continue losing professional women if they don’t do more to encourage them to stay. They suggest retention and mentoring programs, flexible scheduling and a willingness to encourage creativity.Some women say nothing would entice them back. Sharon Fein, 41, started her travel agency instead of taking a management job with a large travel firm.“They wanted me to work more and longer hours for less pay. That’s management,” says Fein of Walnut Creek, Calif.26 “That wasn’ t going to do it. I felt like I didn’ t have a choice.It’ s not without challenges, but it’ s gone very well.”From USA Today, June 9, 1998V. Analysis of Content1. According to this article, private employers __________A. are indifferent to the leaving of top female employeesB. are trying to hold onto female employeesC. have done nothing to attract the femalesD. can easily find male employees to replace female hires2. According to this article, which of the following statements is wrong ?A. Today, female-owned firms are more likely to remain in operation than the average firm.B. The failure rate of female-owned firms is lower than that of the average firm.C. In comparison to men, women take fewer risks in starting a business.D. More than half of female owners are in a business irrelevant to previous careers.3. The sentence “… you have to wear many hats, …” in the last paragraph means ___________.A. you have to put many hats on your headB. you have to take up many responsibilitiesC. you have to take many risksD. you will feel cold at a high position4. The central idea of this article is that__________.A. private employees should do more to encourage their female employees to stayB. women are more independent in the business worldC. female-owned companies are more robust than the average firmD. it ‘ s a growing trend for women to leave corporate jobs to start their own businesses VI. Questions on the Article1. According to this article, what causes professional women to leave their corporate jobs?2. What was the major reason for 30 percent of women’ s decision to leave corporations?3. What does “More flexibility” in this article refer to?4. According to the article, is it easy for women to run their own business?Topics for Discussion1, Do you think it is a good phenomenon that women start their own businesses?2. Do you think that women in the United States enjoy equal treatment as men?。
英美报刊文章阅读精选本第五版课文翻译
Lesson4 Is an Ivy League Diploma Worth It？花钱读常春藤名校值不值？1.如果愿意的话，施瓦茨（Daniel Schwartz）本来是可以去一所常春藤联盟（Ivy League）院校读书的。
他只是认为不值。
2.18 岁的施瓦茨被康奈尔大学（Cornell University）录取了，但他最终却去了纽约市立大学麦考利荣誉学院（City University of New York’s Macaulay Honors College），后者是免费的。
3.施瓦茨说，加上奖学金和贷款的支持，家里原本是可以付得起康奈尔的学费的。
但他想当医生，他觉得医学院是更有价值的一项投资。
私立学校医学院一年的花费动辄就要4 万5 美元。
他说，不值得为了一个本科文凭一年花5 万多美元。
4.助学贷款违约率日益攀升，大量的大学毕业生找不到工作，因此越来越多的学生认定，从一所学费不太贵的学校拿到的学位和从一所精英学校拿到的文凭没什么区别，并且不必背负贷款负担。
5.Robert Pizzo 越来越多的学生选择收费较低的公立大学，或选择住在家里走读以节省住房开支。
美国学生贷款行销协会（Sallie Mae）的一份报告显示，2010 年至2011 学年，家庭年收入10 万美元以上的学生中有近25%选择就读两年制的公立学校，高于上一学年12%的比例。
6.这份报告称，这样的选择意味着，在2010 至2011 学年，各个收入阶层的家庭在大学教育上的花费比上一年少9%，平均支出为21,889 美元，包括现金、贷款、奖学金等。
高收入家庭的大学教育支出降低了18%，平均为25,760 美元。
这份一年一度的报告是在对约1,600 名学生和家长进行问卷调查后完成的。
7.这种做法是有风险的。
顶级大学往往能吸引到那些已经不再去其他学校招聘的公司前来招聘。
在许多招聘者以及研究生院看来，精英学校的文凭还是更有吸引力的。
英语专业课程简介
英语专业课程简介Z1044 专业概论Orientation Course (BA English)选用教材：《专业概论·英语专业》，史宝辉编，本校印刷内容简介：本课程用汉语授课，介绍英语专业的教学内容、教学方法、教学条件和学习方法。
内容主要包括：英语的历史、现状、应用，本专业的性质、培养目标、教学计划、专业要求，本专业的课堂教学、学习方法、理论与实践的关系、知识与技能的关系，本专业的就业方向和前途。
Y1072 语言学概论Introduction to Linguistics选用教材：《现代英语语言学简明教程》, 戴炜栋主编, 上海外语教育出版社。
内容简介：本课程是英语专业的一门专业基础必修课, 介绍语言学的基本概念和基本知识、语言的主要研究方法, 为进一步学习好英汉两种语言打下良好的基础，从而以语言学知识指导以后的语言学习。
主要内容包括：语言学的科学性，语言的定义、功能,语言学的分支学科,语音基本理论,语音学的定义, 语音系统比较, 词汇学定义,语素, 英语构词法,词义演变, 语用学的基本理论, 语言和文化的关系和基本理论, 语言文化差异,社会语言学定义, 常见语言变体。
Y1052 英语语音English Pronunciation选用教材：《国际音标与语音》，汪福祥主编，外文出版社。
《大学一年级英语语音练习手册》，张冠林编，外语教学与研究出版社。
内容简介：本课程是英语专业基础阶段的一门以实践为主的必修课。
重点是使学生掌握英语语音的基础知识。
本课程包括大量的发音练习和针对性的练习，以纠正不正确的发音习惯，最终达到准确、清晰、流畅、熟练、自然地朗读英语和发音。
主要教学内容包括：语音训练的主要方式和要领，英音与美音，国际音标，英语注音方法，发音器官，发音部位，发音方法，元音和辅音发音要领和训练，读音规则，音节，重音，连读，句子重音，节奏，语流音变和语调，美语发音特点，美语与英语发音的差别。
西方报刊经贸文章选读 史天陆 第五版 unit 3
Soweto [sə'wi:təu]
索维托小镇
Comparison between developing nations and the developed world
• 4. What is the simplest yardstick of economic success for a country? How faster might the economy of the developing nations grow than that of the developed in 2006? (Read Paragraph 17.)
International Monetary Fund，IMF
• 国际货币基金组织
• 于1945年12月27日成立，为世界两大金融 机构之一，职责是监察货币汇率和各国贸 易情况、提供技术和资金协助，确保全球 金融制度运作正常；其总部设在华盛顿。 • • 截至2012年4月，国际货币基金组织共有 188个成员国, 要成为成员国，该国的申请 须得到大多数现有成员国的同意。
基金组织通过以下三项主要职能来达致促 进国际金融体系稳定的目的。
•监督：监督国际货币体系和成员国的政策， 并跟踪各地的经济和金融情况，在必要时提 出警告； •贷款：向有国际收支困难的国家贷款； •技术援助和培训：帮助成员国发展健全的 制度和经济政策工具。
World Bank Group
• 世界银行（WBG）是世界银行 集团的俗称，“世界银行”这 个名称一直是用于指国际复兴 开发银行（IBRD）和国际开发 协会（IDA）。这些机构联合向 发展中国家提供低息贷款、无 息信贷和赠款。 • 世界银行成立于1945年12月27 日，1946年6月开始营业。总部 设在美国首都华盛顿。凡是参 加世界银行的国家必须首先是 国际货币基金组织的会员国。
西方报刊经贸文章 教师参考用书
一、《选读》编写意图与使用本教材的建议1. 课文学生面对一篇新的文章的时候，会产生许多问题和疑惑。
在这个阶段，教材的任务就是要千方百计尽量地提供能够帮助学生越过这些障碍的有关知识、信息和分析。
这在今天，学生需要学习的科目繁多生活又很丰富多彩而可支配时间极有限的情况下，其必要性更显突出。
为此，《选读》围绕着每课的主课文都配备了覆盖面广并较为详尽的词、句、段的内容与文字的注解，经贸基本概念进一步的解说和以资对照的汉语译文。
但教材因是书面上的语言篇幅有限，在问题的解释、分析的详尽和彻底的程度上受到很大的局限，而且第一个学生和学生群体都有自己的特点和特殊的问题，所以即使教材编写上很注意详尽、周到，最后教学效果如何还要仰仗教师对教材的灵活掌握和运用，针对自己学生的具体情况对课文进行深入、透彻的讲解。
2. 课文练习课文设有两种练习：内容提问和专业与常用词语的认知。
1）内容提问练习要与实际工作的需要相结合，不做事无巨细泛泛的提问。
在实际工作中，文章只是一种信息来源，阅读者需要的是从中提取主要的于工作有用的东西。
所以，练习环绕文章的主题进行了要点提问，目的在于使学生在回答问题的过程中得以领悟、明确文章的要点，逐渐学会从浩繁的文字和内容中提取重要的信息。
课文提问不提供答案，但提供了答案线索，即指明答案内容所在段落，只要读懂了所示段落即可得出答案。
这样安排是为了调动学生的主观能动性，学会自己去解决问题。
在这个寻觅探索的过程中，学生需要教师的指导和提示，特别在文字表达上需要教师的指正和改进。
这个过程也正是检查课文的教与学效果的一个关键环节，发现不足，填平补齐。
2）专业词汇与常用词汇的认知练习看懂一篇文章，就文字而言需要有一定的语法知识和足够的相关词汇。
这个练习就是帮助学生逐步积累有关词汇为今后阅读日益高深的材料做准备的。
西方经贸报刊文章的词汇构成包括经贸专业词汇和通用英语词汇，但在所使用的通用英语词汇中又有一部分是频繁反复使用的。
报刊选读Unit 3
2. Asian families earn an average of $35,9000 per year, more than the average for white families. However, as the Asian family is larger, their per capita income is actually less than that of white people.
2. Of all the images broadcast from the Los Angeles riots, one in particular burned into the minds of AsianAmericans… to burn into /to burn into one’s mind
Questions on the article 1. What was the message Asian-Americans got from the attacks on Korean-Americans in the Los Angeles riots?
2. Why are Asian-Americans compare with white people in family income and per capita income?
common ground: common topic
15. What the Asian mosaic lacks is a larger sense of unity. mosaic: a group of various kinds of ethnic groups that are seen or considered as a whole.
美英报刊文章阅读第五版课后答案端木义万
美英报刊文章阅读第五版课后答案端木义万No ideal may be held more sacred in America, or be more coveted by others,than the principle of individual freedom.在美国，没有什么理想比个人自由原则更神圣，也没有什么理想比个人自由原则更令人垂涎。
Given the chance to pursue the heart's desires, our Utopian vision claims, each of ushas the ability and the right to make our dreams come true.我们乌托邦式的愿景宣称，只要有机会去追求内心的渴望，我们每个人都有能力和权利去实现自己的梦想。
This extraordinary individualism has prevailed as the core doctrine of the New Worldthrough four centuries, bringing with it an unrelenting pressure to prove one's self.四个世纪以来，这种非凡的个人主义一直是新世界的核心信条，随之而来的是证明自我的无情压力。
The self-made man has been America's durable icon, whether personified by theprairie homesteader or the high-tech entrepreneur.'白手起家的人是美国经久不衰的偶像，无论是草原上的农场主还是高科技企业家都是他们的化身。
”Yet, from the beginning,the idea of a community of rugged individualists struckmany as an oxymoron. In the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville warned that the tendencyof Americans to do their own thing could very likely doom the country. 然而，从一开始，由粗犷的个人主义者组成的社会这个想法就给许多人以矛盾的感觉。
美英报刊文章阅读精选本第五版课程设计
美英报刊文章阅读精选本第五版课程设计一、课程背景英语是世界上最为广泛使用的语言之一，几乎涵盖了全球所有的人。
在全球化的背景下，学习英语的需求日益增加。
而阅读是英语学习的关键技能之一，通过阅读可以增加词汇量，了解不同的文化，开阔视野。
因此，通过阅读美英报刊文章可以提高学生的英语阅读能力、丰富学生的知识储备、拓宽学生的视野。
二、课程目的通过本次课程设计，旨在提高学生的英语阅读能力，培养学生的信息获取能力、综合分析能力和思辨能力，以及了解西方社会及文化。
三、教学内容和方法1.教学内容本次课程设计内容主要是美英报刊文章的阅读和分析。
包括各个领域的文章，例如：时事政治、经济财经、科技、文化娱乐等。
每次课程将选取一到两篇较为优秀的美英报刊文章进行阅读和分析。
2.教学方法•整体阅读法学生在课前提前阅读文章，教师在课堂上对文章的整体内容进行梳理和探讨。
•细节理解法通过学生提出问题、重点标注等方式进行文章的逐字逐句的深入理解。
•主题分析法结合文章的主题和背景知识，学生进行文章主旨的归纳和概括。
•互动讨论法学生分组进行小组讨论，交流意见和看法，提高学生的思维能力和口头表达能力。
3.教学评价1.每次阅读任务后，要求学生按时完成作业，并在课堂上进行互相分享和讨论。
2.集中测试和期末考试。
集中测试主要针对课堂掌握的细节和理解能力，期末考试主要测试学生的综合阅读和分析能力。
3.课程评价将分为两个部分，即课堂表现和作业完成情况。
其中，课堂表现占40%，作业完成情况占60%。
四、教学重点和难点1.阅读技巧的习得，特别是针对语言和文化差异方面的问题。
2.对原文的理解和分析能力的提升，这需要学生具有一定的背景知识和较强的逻辑思维能力。
五、教学进度和安排1.第一周：课程介绍，学生选定报纸和杂志，规划课程，明确要求。
2.第二周到第十三周：每周选取一到两篇较为优秀的美英报刊文章进行阅读和分析。
3.第十四周：集中测试。
4.第十五周到第十六周：期末考试及课程总结。
西方报刊经贸文章选读史天陆第五版unit
11-13? Which companies are cited as examples to illustrate it? How competitive are they both at home and abroad?
联合国总部、百老汇、华尔街、帝国大厦、纽约 证券交易所、格林威治村、中央公园、大都会艺 术博物馆、大都会歌剧院等闻名遐迩的建筑都集 中在曼哈顿，使它成为了纽约以致全 的经济、金 融、文化、贸易和会展中心。
FOOD FREEZER
WINE COOLER
COMPACT REFRIGERATOR
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
100
80
60
40
20
0
母公司 海外分支机构
1995 4 20
2000 6 60
2005 7.7 80
2008 8.5 100
中国经济现实使企业国际化成为必要和可能
中国经济发展的现状使企业走出去跨国经营成为必要选择
■要想真正成为经济强国，必须有一批具有国际竞争力的跨国 公司
■中国企业的海外 和跨国经营，有助于解决中国经济面临的 宏观
For they saw that Vietnam had 80 million people and the TV market there was still underdeveloped as the foreign multinationals
long way to go” in gouged consumers and held back TV sales. 年对外 的行业分布（亿美元）
布鲁金斯学会, 著名智库之一，是华盛顿学术界的主流 思想库之一，其规模之大、 之久远、研究之深入，被 称为 “最有影响力的思想库”并不为过。
英美报刊选读_课文word整合版
英美报刊选读_课文word整合版Unit2 Gender IssuesMen turn to jobs women usually do 1.HOUSTON - Over the last decade, Americanmen of all backgrounds have begun flocking to fields such as teaching, nursing and waiting tables that have long been the province of women.2."The way I look at it is that anything, basically,that a woman can do, a guy can do," said Miguel Alquicira, who graduated from high school when construction and manufacturing jobs were scarce and became a dental assistant.3.The trend began well before the crash,andappears to be driven by a variety of factors, including financial concerns, quality-of-life issues and a gradual erosion ofg ender stereotypes.4.In interviews, about two dozen men played downthe economic considerations, saying that the stigma associated with choosing such jobs had faded, and that the jobs were appealing not just because they offered stable employment, but because they were more satisfying.5."I.T. is just killing viruses and clearing paperjams all day," said Scott Kearney, 43, who tried information technology and other fields before becoming a nurse in the pediatric intensive care unit at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston.6.An analysis of United States census data by TheNew York Times shows that from 2000 to 2010, occupations that are more than 70 percent female accounted for almost a third of all job growth for men, double the share of the previousdecade. 7.That does not mean that men are displacing women - those same jobs accounted for almost two-thirds of women's job growth. But in Texas, for example, the number of men who are registered nurses nearly doubled in that time period.8.The shift includes low-wage jobs as well.Nationally, two-thirds more men were bank tellers, almost twice as many were receptionists and two-thirds more were waiting tables in 2010 than a decade earlier.9.Even more striking is the type of men who aremaking the shift. From 1970 to 1990, according to a study by Mary Gatta, senior scholar at Wider Opportunities for Women, an organization based in Washington, D.C., and Patricia A. Roos, a sociologist at Rutgers University in New Jersey, men who took so-called pink-collar jobs tended to be foreign-born, non-English speakers with low education levels.10.Now, though, the trend has spread among men ofnearly all races and ages, more than a third of whom have a college degree. In fact, the shift is most pronounced among young, white, college-educated men like Charles Reed, a sixth-grade math teacher at Patrick Henry Middle School in Houston.11.Mr. Reed, 25, intended to go to law school after atwo-year stint with Teach for America, a national teacher corps of recent college graduates who spend two years helping under-resourced urban and rural public schools. But Mr. Reed fell in love with teaching. He says the recession had little to do with it, though he believes that, by limiting prospects for new law school graduates, it made his father, a lawyer, more accepting.12.To the extent that the shift to "women's work"has been accelerated by recession, the change may reversewhen the economy recovers. "Are boys today saying, 'I want to grow up and be a nurse?'" asked Heather Boushey, senior economist at the Center for American Progress."Or are they saying, 'I want a job that's stable and recession-proof?'"13.Daniel Wilden, a 26-year-old Army veteran andnursing student, said he had gained respect for nursing when he saw a female medic use a Leatherman tool to save the life of his comrade."She was a beast," he said admiringly.14.More than a few men said their new jobs werefar harder than they imagined. But these men can expect success. Men earn more than women even in female-dominated jobs. And white men in particular who enter those fields easily move up to supervisory positions, a phenomenon known as the glass escalator, said Adia Harvey Wingfield, a sociologist at Georgia State University.15."I hated my job every single day of my life," saidJohn Cook, 55, who got a modest inheritance that let him drop a $150,000-a-year database consultant's job to enter nursing school. 16.His starting salary will be two thirds lower, but database consulting does not typically earn hugs like the one Mr. Cook received from a girl after he took care of her premature baby sister. "It's like, people get paid for doing this kind of stuff?"Mr. Cook said, tears coming to his eyes as he recounted the episode.17.Several men cited the same reasons for seekingout pink-collar work that have drawn women to such careers: less stress and more time at home.At John G. Osborne Elementary School, Adrian Ortiz, 42,joked that he was one of the few Mexicans who made more in his native country, where he was a hard-working lawyer, than he did in the United States as a kindergarten teacher in a bilingual classroom. "Now," he said, "my priorities are family, 100 percent."18.Betsey Stevenson, a labor economist at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, said she was not surprised that changing gender roles at home, where studies show men are shouldering more of the domestic burden, are showing up in career choices. "We tend to study these patterns of what's going on in the family and what's going on in the workplace as separate, but they're very much intertwined," she said. "So as attitudes in the family change, attitudes toward the workplace have changed."19.In a classroom at Houston Community College,Dexter Rodriguez, 35, said his job in tech support had not been threatened by the tough economy. Nonetheless, he said, his family downsized the house, traded the new cars for used ones and began to live off savings, all so Mr.Rodriguez could train for a career he regarded as more exciting.20."I put myself into the recession," he said,"because I wanted to go to nursing school."Unit3 E-CommerceThe Post-Cash Economy1.In London, travelers can buy train tickets withtheir phones - and hold up the phones for the conductor to see. And in Starbucks coffee shops in the United States, customers can wave their phones in front of the cash register and pay for their soy chai lattes.2.Money is not what it used to be, thanks to theInternet. And the pocketbook may soon be destined for the dustbin of history - at least if some technology companies get their way.3.The cellphone increasingly contains theessentials of what we need to make transactions."Identification, payment and personal items," as Hal Varian, the chief economist at Google, pointed out in a new survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C. "All this will easily fit in your mobile device and will inevitably do so."4.The phone holds and records plenty more vitalinformation: It keeps track of where you are, what you like and who your peers are. That data can all be leveraged to sell you things you never knew you needed.5.The survey, released last month by the PewResearch Center's Internet and American Life Project along with Elon University's Imagining the Internet Center in North Carolina, asked justover 1,000 technologists and social scientists to opine on the future of the wallet in 2020. Nearly two-thirds agreed that "cash and credit cards will have mostly disappeared" and been replaced with "smart" devices able to carry out a transaction.But a third of the survey respondents countered that consumers would fear for the security of transactions over a mobile device and worry about surrendering so much data about their purchasing habits.6.Sometimes, those with fewer options are theones to embrace change the fastest. In Kenya, a service called M-Pesa (pesa is money in Swahili) acts like a banking system for those who may not have a bank account. With a rudimentary cellphone, M-Pesa users can send and receivemoney through a network of money agents, including cellphone shops. And in India, several phone carriers allow their customers to pay utility bills and transfer small amounts of money over their cellphones.7.Several technology companies, big and small,are busy trying to make it easier for us to buy and sell all kinds of things without our wallets. A start-up,WePay, describes itself as a service that allows the smallest merchant - say, a dog walker - to get paid; the company verifies the reputations of payers and sellers by analyzing, among other things, their Facebook accounts. 8. A British start-up, called Blockchain, offers afree iPhone application allowing customers to use a crypto-currency called bitcoins, which users can mint on their computers.9. A company called Square began by offering asmall accessory to enable food cart vendors and other small merchants to accept credit cards on phones and iPads. Square's latest invention allows customers to register an account with Square merchants and pay simply by saying their names. The customer's picture pops up on the merchant's iPad.10.Google Wallet has been designed to sit in yourphone, be linked to your credit card, and let you pay by tapping your phone on a reader, using what is known as near field technology.But Google Wallet works on only four kinds of phones, and not many merchants are equipped for near field technology.11.Meanwhile, PayPal, which allows people tomake payments over the Internet, has quietly begun to persuade its users to turn to their cellphones. PayPal posted about $118 billion in total transactions last year and became thefastest-growing segment of eBay, its parent company.12."The physical wallet, which had no innovationin the last 50 years, will become an artifact,"John J. Donahoe, the chief executive of eBay, told me recently. The wallet would move into the cloud, and ideally, from his perspective, into PayPal. No more would the consumer worry about losing a wallet. Everything, he declared, would be contained within PayPal. It would also enable the company to collect vast amounts of data about customer habits, purchases and budgets.13.Mr. Donahoe said he wanted his company to become "a mall in your pocket."14.I recently described PayPal's plans to AlessandroAcquisti, an economist who studies digital privacy at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Mr. Acquisti smiled. If today all you need to do is enter your phone number and PIN when you visit a store, perhaps tomorrow, he said, that store will be able to detect your phone by its unique identifier. Perhaps, you won't have to shop at all. Your shopping data would be instead collected, analyzed and used to tell you exactly what you need: a motorcycle from Ducati or purple rain boots in the next size for your growing child. Money will be seamlessly taken from your account. A delivery will arrive at your doorstep. "In the future, maybe you won't have to pay," Mr. Acquisti offered, only half in jest."The transaction will be made for you."Unit4Cultural ExchangeAsia’s Endangered Species: the Expat1.Forget expats. Western companies doingbusiness in Asia are now looking to locals to fill the most important jobs in the region.2.Behind the switch, experts say, are severalfactors, including a leveled playing field in which Western companies must approach newly empowered Asian companies and consumers as equals and clients—not just manufacturing partners./doc/2216449449.html,panies now want executives who can securedeals with local businesses and governments without the aid of a translator, and who understand that sitting through a three-hour dinner banquet is often a key part of the negotiating process in Asia, experts say.4.In fact, three out of four senior executives hiredin Asia by multinationals were Asian natives already living in the region, according to a Spencer Stuart analysis of 1,500 placements made from 2005 to 2010. Just 6% were noncitizens from outside of Asia.5."It's a strategic necessity to be integrated in theculture. Otherwise, the time to learn all of it takes forever," said Arie Y. Lewin, a professor of strategy and international business at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business. He adds that locals may better navigate a business culture where copycats and competitors often play bydifferent rules.6.What's more, a failed expatriate hire can be acostly mistake and slow a firm's progress in the region, said Phil Johnston, a managing director at recruiter Spencer Stuart.7.To help companies fill Asia-based executiveroles, at least two search firms—Spencer Stuart and Korn/Ferry International—say they have begun classifying executives in four broad categories: Asia natives steeped in localculture but educated in the U.S. or Europe; the foreigner who has lived or worked in Asia for a long time;a person of Asian descent who was born orraised in a Western country but has had little exposure to Asia; and the local Asian executive who has no Western experience.8.For companies seeking local expertise, bothfirms said the first category is by far the mostsought-after. But Mr. Johnston said those candidates are difficult to find and retain, and they can command salaries of $750,000 to $1 million—on par with, and sometimes more than, their expat counterparts.9.German conglomerate Siemens AG in 2010hired Mei-Wei Cheng, a China-born Cornell University graduate, to head its Chinese operations—a role previously held by European executives.10.While Siemens's European executives had madeinroads with Chinese consumers—building sales in the region to nearly one-tenth of global revenue—the firm realized it needed someone who could quickly tap local business partners.11.After an extensive search, Siemens hired Mr.Cheng, formerly CEO at the Chinese subsidiaries of Ford Motor Co. and General Electric Co. GE12.The decision to hire locally seems to have paidoff for Siemens: In his first 18 months on the job, Mr. Cheng forged two wind-power jointventures with Shanghai Electric Group Co.13.Mr. Cheng communicates easily with localofficials, a major advantage when it comes to selling energy technology to individual cities, says Brigitte Ederer, head ofhuman resources for Siemens and a member of the company's managing board. Many local officials don't speak English.14.Bob Damon, president of recruiter Korn/FerryInternational's North American operations, said the current talent pool for executive roles is so limited that most top Asian executives simply rotate from one Western company to another, as Mr. Cheng did.15.Other companies are adding to the demand bycreating new positions in Asia.Campbell Soup Co. CPB last week announced the appointmentof Daniel Saw as its first-ever president of Asia operations, while Canadian conglomerate Bombardier Inc. BBD.B.T hired Albert Li to filla new role overseeing its aerospace business inChina. Both executives were born in Asia and have worked as regional managers for Western multinationals.16.Meanwhile, younger Chinese professionals arepositioning themselves to meet the need for executive talent in the years to come. Nearly four in 10 American M.B.A. programs say China was their fastest-growing source of foreign applicants last year, according to the Graduate Management Admission Council, which administers the Graduate Management Admission Test.17.Foreigners with no Asia experience, on the otherhand, need not apply, recruiters said. Spencer Stuart's Mr. Johnston said he occasionally receives inquiries from Western middle managers, proclaiming that they are finally ready to make a career move to the region. He advises them that "there is nothing about their experience that is interesting or relevant to Asia."18.In hubs like Singapore and Hong Kong, expatsreceive as much as $200,000 a year in subsidies for housing, transportation and private schooling, Mr. Johnston said. Payments to offset taxes for these benefits add up to another $100,000.Altogether, a bad match can cost a company as much as $1 million, after figuring in relocation costs, he said.19.Monster Worldwide Inc. Chief Executive SalIannuzzi said the company has been hiring locally for several years, in part because he found deploying expatriates cost too much. "Ittakes them six months to figure out how to take a ferry, they're there for 12 months, and then they spend the next six months figuring out how to get home," he said.20.Like some other companies, Monster now tracksits own workers to ensure a pipeline of talent. 21.The online job-search company's current head ofChina operations, Edward Lo, a former fraternity brother of Mr. Iannuzzi, understands the local scene, is well connected in China and knows how to recruit, Mr. Iannuzzi said.Among Mr. Lo's duties: finding his own successor before he retires.22.Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc.based in White Plains, N.Y., also develops its own leaders for Asia, plucking people who have come up through the company ranks. For example, the head of Asia Pacific started in the 1970s on the finance team in Hong Kong, and the head of the Middle East region was a hotel manager who worked his way up.23.Having grown up in their markets, managersunderstand customer needs, said Starwood CEO Frits van Paasschen. Regional heads in China, for instance, know that whendealing with land owners or developers, deals are less "transactional," and more "trust-based," he said.They also know that Chinese travelers—who now comprise the majority of hotel guests in the region—feel more at home when they're supplied with tea kettles, slippers and chopsticks, headded.24.For fast-food company Yum Brands Inc. CEODavid Novak calls his Asia-bred regional head and executive team "our single biggest competitive advantage." China has become the company's biggest earnings driver, comprising more than 40% of operating profit.25.Thanks to Yum's China leaders, Mr. Novak says,KFC in China began serving rice porridge and soy milk for breakfast, and Pizza Hut now offers an afternoon tea menu—both of which have been big hits among local customers.Unit5Auto-WorldThe Future of the Car :Clean, Safe and it Drives itselfCars have already changed the way we live. They are likely to do so again1.SOME inventions, like some species, seem tomake periodic leaps in progress. The car is one of them. Twenty-five years elapsed between Karl Benz beginning small-scale production of his original Motorwagen and the breakthrough, by Henry Ford and his engineers in 1913, that turned the car into the ubiquitous, mass-market item that has defined the modern urban landscape. By putting production of the Model T on moving assembly lines set into the floor of his factory in Detroit, Ford drastically cut the time needed to build it, and hence its cost. Thus begana revolution in personal mobility. Almost abillion cars now roll along the world’s highways.2.Today the car seems poised for another burst ofevolution. One way in which it is changing relates to its emissions. As emerging markets grow richer, legions of new consumers are clamouring for their first set of wheels. For the whole world to catch up with American levels of car ownership, the global fleet would have to quadruple. Even a fraction of that growth would present fearsome challenges, from congestion and the price of fuel to pollution and global warming.3.Yet, as our special report this week argues,stricter regulations and smarter technology are making cars cleaner, more fuel-efficient and safer than ever before. China, its cities choked in smog, is following Europe in imposing curbs on emissions of noxious nitrogen oxides and fine soot particles. Regulators in most big car marketsare demanding deep cuts in the carbon dioxide emitted from car exhausts. And carmakers are being remarkably inventive in finding ways to comply.4.Granted, battery-powered cars have disappointed.They remain expensive, lack range and are sometimes dirtier than they look—for example, if they run on electricity from coal-fired power stations. But car companies are investing heavily in other clean technologies. Future motorists will have a widening choice of super-efficient petrol and diesel cars, hybrids (which switch between batteries and an internal-combustion engine) and models that run on natural gas or hydrogen. As for the purely electric car, its time will doubtless come.Towards the driverless, near-crashless car 5.Meanwhile, a variety of ―driver assistance‖technologies are appearing on new cars, which will not only take a lot of the stress out of driving in traffic but also prevent many accidents. More and more new cars can reverse-park, read traffic signs, maintain a safe distance in steady traffic and brake automatically to avoid crashes. Some carmakers are promising technology that detects pedestrians and cyclists, again overruling the driver and stopping the vehicle before it hits them.A number of firms, including Google, are busy trying to take driver assistance to its logical conclusion by creating cars that drive themselves to a chosen destination without a human at the controls. This is where it gets exciting.6.Sergey Brin, a co-founder of Google, predictsthat driverless cars will be ready for sale tocustomers within five years. That may be optimistic, but the prototypes that Google already uses to ferry its staff (and a recent visitor from The Economist) along Californian freeways are impressive. Google is seeking to offer the world a driverless car built from scratch, but it is more likely to evolve, and be accepted by drivers, in stages.7.As sensors and assisted-driving softwaredemonstrate their ability to cut accidents, regulators will move to make them compulsory for all new cars. Insurers are already pressing motorists to accept black boxes that measure how carefully they drive: these will provide a mass of data which is likely to show that putting the car on autopilot is often safer than driving it.Computers never drive drunk or while texting. 8.If and when cars go completely driverless—forthose who want this—the benefits will be enormous. Google gave a taste by putting a blind man in a prototype and filminghim being driven off to buy takeaway tacos. Huge numbers of elderly and disabled people could regain their personal mobility. The young will not have to pay crippling motor insurance, because their reckless hands and feet will no longer touch the wheel or the accelerator. The colossal toll of deaths and injuries from road accidents—1.2m killed a year worldwide, and 2m hospital visits a year in America alone—should tumble down, along with the costs to health systems and insurers.9.Driverless cars should also ease congestion andsave fuel. Computers brake faster than humans.And they can sense when cars ahead of them are braking. So driverless cars will be able to drive much closer to each other than humans safely can. On motorways they could formfuel-efficient ―road trains‖, gliding along in the slipstream of the vehicle in front. People who commute by car will gain hours each day to work, rest or read a newspaper.Roadblocks ahead10.Some carmakers think this vision of the future is(as Henry Ford once said of history) bunk.People will be too terrified to hurtle down the motorway in a vehicle they do not control: computers crash, don’t t hey? Carmakers whose self-driving technology is implicated in accidents might face ruinously expensive lawsuits, and be put off continuing to develop it.11.Yet many people already travel, unwittingly, onplanes and trains that no longer need human drivers. As with those technologies, the shift towards driverless cars is taking place gradually.The cars’ software will learn the tricks that humans use to avoid hazards: for example, braking when a ball bounces into theroad, because a child may be chasing it. G oogle’s self-driving cars have already clocked up over 700,000km, more than many humans ever drive;and everything they learn will become available to every other car using the software. As for the liability issue, the law should be changed to make sure that when cases arise, the courts take into account the overall safety benefits of self-driving technology.12.If the notion that the driverless car is round thecorner sounds far-fetched, remember that TV and heavier-than-air flying machines once did, too.One day people may wonder why earlier generations ever entrusted machines as dangerous as cars to operators as fallible as humans.Unit6 RomanceThe Modern Matchmakers现代红娘Internet dating sites claim to have brought scienceto the age-old question of how to pair offsuccessfully. But have they?互联网相亲网站声称已经将科技运用如何成功配对的问题之上。
美英报刊文章选读Lesson3
An American in Beijing
• 每年数以万计的美国学生会挑选一个学期到世界各地去学习，他们有 去英国的，有去西班牙的，有去印度的。劳伦。库诺帕克滋是支持全 球相互依赖论者，他在北京一所大学度过一学期过后，发现在海外留 学益处多多，在中国尤r the Boston Red Sox, is the name of a popular baseball team in America. Baseball is known as America’s national pastime. But the International Olympic Committee announced in 2007 that it was dropping baseball from its list of sports after the 2008 Summer Games.
• 朝鲜战争原是朝鲜半岛上的朝韩之间的民族内战，后美、苏、中国等 分别支持朝韩双方的多个国家不同程度地卷入这场战争。1950年6月 25日，朝鲜得到苏联默许不宣而战入侵韩国，历时三年的朝鲜战争爆 发。7月7日，联合国安理会通过第84号决议，派遣联合国军支援韩国 抵御朝鲜的进攻。8月中旬，朝鲜人民军将韩军驱至釜山一隅，攻占 了韩国90%的土地。9月15日，以美军为主的联合国军（美国、英国、 加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、荷兰、法国、土耳其、泰国、菲律宾、 希腊、比利时、哥伦比亚、埃塞俄比亚、南非、卢森堡）在仁川登陆， 开始大规模反攻。10月25日，中国人民志愿军应朝鲜请求赴朝，与朝 鲜并肩作战，战事陷入胶着状态。1951年7月10日，中华人民共和国 和朝鲜方面与联合国军的美国代表开始停战谈判，经过多次谈判后， 终于在1953年7月27日签署《朝鲜停战协定》
西方报刊经贸文章选读 史天陆 第五版 unit 1
人民币升值与进出口的关系
利： 有利于商品进口。当币种升值时，由于进口 商可从汇率升值中得到额外利润，而额外利润提 供了调低进口品在国内市场上价格的可能空间， 如进口汽车及其他进口商品价格则会下降，从而 可以增加对进口商品的需求，从而增加进口数量。 弊：不利于商品出口。比如原本中国100元人民 币的商品，卖到美国去只要12美元多一点点，现 在同样的一件商品卖到美国去就要将近13美元。 显然人民币的升值对我国的出口贸易很不利。
6. What is the prospect of the Chinese market? (Read Paragraph 10.) China still has many industries, particularly in services like insurance and finance, which are only now beginning to open to world trade. And the RMB is to appreciate gradually and gives a substantial boost to import-buying power.
Lesson 1
Байду номын сангаас
1. Why was China regarded as “an important pole” for the economic growth of Asia and the world by the authoritative analysts? (Read Paragraph 2.) Her economy had continued to boom in the recent years and grew at the rate of nearly 10 percent annually. It was already by some key measures the world’s second largest economy. 2. Is China a so-called “threat” or an economic driver to other countries with her becoming “the factory to the world”? Why? (Read Paragraph 3-4.) While China’s exports grow fast all the way, very often her imports grow still faster (than the exports) as demand in China is booming. It’s a driver to the world economy, especially the East Asia.
独家权威震撼发布：张中宁主编《西方报刊经贸文章选读》课后作业答案
KEY TO EXERCISESSection A: Text ComprehensionI. Reference Answers to Pre-reading Questions:1.From the local people’s words [Para 1: "Thank you, God," he says, "for theChinese."], we can see that they are happy about Chinese investments in their local places [Para 1].2.The most immediate priority for China's leadership is less how to project itselfinternationally than how to maintain stability in a society that is going through the sort of social and economic change that, in the past, has led to chaos and violence [Para 6].3.Assuming a bigger global presence has forced Beijing to learn the art ofinternational diplomacy [Para 14].4.No, they don’t. They only think that China has been more helpful in some areasthan others. Especially when China's perception of its own national interest matches what the U.S. and other international powers seek, that help can be significant [Para 16].5.Absorbed by the arc of crisis spreading from the Middle East, the . is simplyless visible in Southeast Asia than it once was, and China is stepping into the vacuum [Para 19].6.They point to two factors: the modernization of China's defense forces and therisk of war over Taiwan [Para 23].Section B: ExercisesI. Vocabulary BuildupChoose the best equivalent word or phrase from the four choices marked A, B, C andD for each underlined word or phrase in the following sentences.1. A2. B3. D4. D5. C6. A7. C8. D9. C 10. BII. Business Terms1.Give the Chinese equivalents of the following business terms and expressionswhich would be found in the given paragraphs of the text.1). 飞速发展的出口贸易2). 开办纺织厂3). 对原材料的需求4). 政治实力5). 谈判中的关键一方6). 劳动市场7). 干涉内政8). 卫生保健和农业部门9). 联合国安理会常任理事国10). 石油康采恩11). 初级商品12). 国防白皮书2.Give the English Equivalents of the following Business terms and expressionswhich would be found in the given paragraphs of the text.1). GDP (Gross Domestic Product)2). pension system3). the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit4). developing economy5). responsible stakeholder6). intellectual-property rights 7). sign a $16 billion contract with8). bid jointly for global oil projects9). foreign-exchange reserves10). leverage over China11). brutal competition for energy12). tap renewable sources of energyIII. Translation PracticeTranslate the following paragraph into Chinese.……但中国现在在全球经济中的地位是那么重要，以至于在中国改变它的路线之前一直观望等待这样的选择是不切实际的。
美英报刊阅读lesson 3
claims is not only the the dads? best way of parenting but also the Chinese way.
PART THREE
During our first weeks in Beijing, we attended a talent show at our children’s British school and watched Chinese students ascend the stage and play Chopin etudes and Beethoven symphonies, while their Western counterparts ambled up and proudly played the ABCs under their flapping arms. It was enough to make anyone pause and a paragon of excellence （黄金标准，典范） ponder the way we are raising our kids. But time in China also taught me that while some here view a Chinese education as the gold standard standard, many there are questioning the system, noting that it stifles creativity and innovation, two things the nation sorely needs. Further, having seen it in action, I have a strong aversion to hard driving “Tiger” parenting, certain that is not a superior method if your goals are my goals: to raise independent, competent, confident adults.
美英报刊阅读教程第五版课件
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报刊阅读实战演练
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模拟报刊阅读训练
选取具有代表性的美英报刊文章，进行 模拟阅读训练。
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通过模拟训练，提高学生阅读速度和理解能 力。
针对不同难度级别的文章，设计相 应的阅读练习和测试。
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真实报刊文章识别
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广告和宣传文案通常具有明显的推销性质，旨在吸引
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它们常常使用夸张、比喻等修辞手法来突出产品或服
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新闻报道注重时效性和现场感，常常使用现在时态 和直接引语。
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社论与专栏文章的特点
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02 它们往往具有作者的个人观点和立场，语言风格 较为多样化。
03 社论和专栏文章注重逻辑性和说服力，常常使用 各种修辞手法来加强表达效果。
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学生需要积极参与课堂讨论，按时完成阅读任务和作业，掌握课程所 授的阅读方法和技巧，并能够在实际阅读中加以运用。同时，学生还 应注重培养独立思考和分析问题的能力。
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英美报刊选读Unit3EducationandHealth
最新英美报刊选读_Unit 3 Education and Health
最新英美报刊选读_Unit 3 Education and Health
Background Information
Evolution in the Classroom
The controversy that won't go away
Even though it is accepted as a fact by almost every scientist in the world, the theory of evolution is still a matter of controversy in the US. Almost every year, usually in the South or Midwest, there are legal fights about the teaching of evolution in public schools. Wisconsin and Georgia are the latest battlegrounds.
A school district in Wisconsin recently decided to support this position. In response to that decision, hundreds of academics wrote protest letters. “This is not a science issue,” said Michael Zimmerman, a dean at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. “It's an education issue.” The fight is not over, and it remains to be seen what the school district will do.
独家权威震撼发布：张中宁主编《最新西方报刊经贸文章选读》课后作业答案Lesson05
KEY TO EXERCISESSection A: Text ComprehensionI. Reference Answers to Pre-reading Questions:1.To the author, the Chinese factories are the most startling and intense aspect of today’s China.For now, they are also the most important. [Para 1]2.T he RMB’s ri se will force a multinational to put its next factory not in China’s crowdedcoastal region but someplace with even lower costs, like the remote interior provinces, or perhaps Vietnam or Cambodia.[Para 6]3.The author thinks the manufacturing export boom has played a significant part in China’seconomic success and lifted millions of Chinese out of poverty. [Para 11]4.He thinks it keeps sending its profits to America and in the long run China must change thispolicy. [Para 20]5.T he main reason is China’s limite d pool of executives with adequate foreign-language skillsand experience working abroad. [Para 33]6.Today’s trends in the U.S. are borrowing, consuming, looking inward, and using upinfrastructure. The author thinks that those trends will make it hard for the U.S. to stay ahead in the future world, and American people should change those trends. [Para 39]Section B: ExercisesI. Vocabulary BuildupChoose the best equivalent word or phrase from the four choices marked A, B, C and D for each underlined word or phrase in the following sentences.1. A2. B3. C4. D5. D6. C7. B8. A9. A 10. B 11. C 12. DII. Business Terms1.Give the Chinese equivalents of the following business terms and expressions whichwould be found in the given paragraphs of the text. (不少于十题，尽量选商务词汇)1).（工厂产品的）装配线2).钢铁厂3).食品卫生与安全4).苦役；奴役5).第十一个五年计划6).收入不平衡7).依靠最低工资生活8).更激烈的价格竞争9).磁盘存储器10).音频设备11).特色产品12).东京证券交易所13).隐蔽的贸易壁垒14).替代的能源供应15).反倾销税2.Give the English Equivalents of the following Business terms and expressions whichwould be found in the given paragraphs of the text.1).round the clock2).the electric power plants 3).intellectual property4).pirate version5).central theme6).migrant laborers7).brand name8).display screen9).electronic components10).high-end Ethernet connecting cables 11).chain store12).trade friction13).economic model14).retaliatory tariffs15).export subsidiesIII. Text ComprehensionAnswer the following questions according to the text.1.The author wants to prove his idea that the factories are the most startling, intense andimportant aspect of today’s China, and they are startling above all in their scale. [Paras 1-2] 2.The topic sentence of Para 3 is the first one, “the factories are important, for China andeveryone else.” The author supports his idea by offering the following three supporting details:1. China’s success in manufacturing determines its place in the world;2. China’s factoriessupport good causes in China directly or indirectly; 3.the cheap price of Chinese goods is important to American industrial and domestic life, too. Simply put, China’s factories contribute to China’s place in the world, China’s good causes, and the US consumers. [Para 3] 3.In the author’s eyes, the bad effects of China’s factories are as follows: pollution, competitionfor raw materials; slapdash standard of food purity and safety, and the loss of jobs in the other parts of the world. [Para 4]4.The author thinks that some of these complaints are well-founded, others are not; but even ifall were true, they would misdescribe and undervalue what is going on here. [Para 6]5.The author wants to use this sentence as a transitional signal which connects the followingarguments with the idea shown in the preceding paragraph, that is, These factories are both surprising and important in a less obvious, though also fundamental, way, and almost nothing about the way they work corresponds to the way they are discussed in the United States.[Paras 5-6]6.It is the China’s development as a “harmonious society”. [Para 8]7.That idea is not so objective. The working conditions of the factories in China are really verypoor, but workers from the hinterland are better off even than Americans living on minimum wage. They can save most of what they make and feel they are on the way up; the American can’t and doesn’t. Though the pay of Americans living on minimum wage is about 10 times the Chinese factory wage, but that’s before payroll deductions and the cost of food and housing, which are free or subsidized in China’s factory towns. [Para 10]8.Of course it has. Though it creates pollution, China’s goal of developing a harmonious societyhas shown its attempt to deal with income inequalities and the environment protection.Though many people have been mistreated in factories, yet this upheaval, unlike the disastrous Great Leap Forward, etc, still has some benefits for individuals and the nation.Though working conditions amount to slave labor, people are arguably better off economically and feel they are on the way up. The greatest good for the greatest number of the world’s previously impoverished people in a t least the last half century has been achieved in China, thanks largely to the outsourcing boom. That economic success is true, it is important, and the manufacturing export boom has been a significant part of how China has done it. The magnitude of the a chievement can’t be ignored. [Para s 8-11]9.The curve is named for the U-shaped arc of the 1970s-era smiley-face icon, and it runs fromthe beginning to the end of a product’s creation and sale in the following sequence: the company’s brand——the idea for the product——high-level industrial design——the detailed engineering design——the necessary components——the actual manufacture and assembly——the shipping and distribution——retail sales——service contracts and sales of parts and accessories. [Para 13]10.The company which stands at the two ends can earn more money. Chinese companies alwaysstand in the middle stages, while American ones at the two ends. [Para 14]11.About $30 to $40—3 to 4 percent of the total—would be earned by the Chinese factoryowners and the young women on the assembly lines together. [Para 16]12.Yes. Because under this condition, Chinese workers making $1,000 a year have been helpingAmerican designers, marketers, engineers, and retailers making $1,000 a week (and up) earn even more. Plus, they have helped shareholders of U.S.-based companies. What’s more, by placing more than $1 trillion in U.S. stock and bond markets, China has propped up the U.S.economy by raising American asset prices, lowering interest rates for American families taking out mortgages or for American taxpayers financing the ever-mounting federal debt and keeping the dollar value. [Paras 12-19]13.China is different from Japan in the following crucial ways:a.Japan was already a rich and modern country in the 1980s, while China still is not;b.Japan’s leading companies were often competing head-to-head with establishedhigh-value, high-tech companies in the United States, and Gains for Japanese companies often meant direct losses for companies in America, while China’s companies are numerous but small, and Chinese exporters have done best when working for, rather than against, Western companies.c.China’s economy, technically still socialist, has also been strangely more open thanJapan’s.d.China’s behavior, and that of its companies, is easie r to match with standard economictheories than Japan’s. So far, deals have been mainly good for all parties. [Paras 21-27] 14.He says that at the moment, most jobs he has seen the young women in the factories performhave not been “taken” from America, becau se in America these assembly-type tasks would be done by machines. The author also says in Para 6 that even the U.S. takes the measures like forcing the revaluation of RMB, or levying countervailing duties on Chinese cheap goods, it cannot take the jobs back but forces the American multinational to look for cheaper outsourcing places like Vietnam or Cambodia, etc. [Para 32]15.No. because he thinks that even the U.S. government does so, it would not make anyone bringproduction back to the United States. [Para 36]16.American complaints about Chinese practices have this in common: They assume that thesolution to long-term tensions in the trading relationship lies in changes on China’s side. He thinks that assumption is naive, because he believes that if the United States is unhappy with the effects of its interaction with China, that’s America’s problem, not China’s. If a country does not like the terms of its business dealings with the world, it needs to change its own policies, not expect the world to change. China has done just that, to its own benefit—and, up until now, to America’s. [Para 38]IV. Interactive BrainstormingDiscuss with your partners the following questions based on your understanding of the text as well as your own knowledge and ideas. (Omitted)。
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Emerging economies
• 3. Which countries are cited as examples of emerging economies? What is driving the economic growth of these countries respectively ? (Para. 7-Para.16)
(F)
True or False
• 4. With globalization of world economy, the employment, import-spending and the living standard of people worldwide have risen a lot.
International Monetary Fund，IMF
• 国际货币基金组织
• 于1945年12月27日成立，为世界两大金融 机构之一，职责是监察货币汇率和各国贸 易情况、提供技术和资金协助，确保全球 金融制度运作正常；其总部设在华盛顿。 • • 截至2012年4月，国际货币基金组织共有 188个成员国, 要成为成员国，该国的申请 须得到大多数现有成员国的同意。
利率对投资规模的影响
利率对投资规模的影响是指利率作为投资的机会成 本对社会总投资的影响。在投资收益不变的条件下 ，因利率上升而导致的投资成本增加，必然使那些 投资收益较低的投资者退出投资领域，从而使投资 需求减少。相反，利率下跌则意味着投资成本下降 ，从而刺激投资，使社会总投资增加。 正是由于利率具有这一作用，西方经济理论界与货 币管理当局都把利率视为衡量经济运行状况的一个 重要指标和调节经济运行的重要手段。因此，自30 年代大萧条以来，控制利率水平在西方货币政策体 系中曾一度占有举足轻重的地位。
Impact on the developed world
• 4. With globalization of the world economy, what has happened to employment, import-spending and the living standard of some people in the developed countries? (Read Paragraph 20-23.) • With the developed world’s growth lagging well behind that of emerging economies in the globalization, wages in the U.S. have been slow to rise in recent years, unemployment rates remain stubbornly high in Western Europe , and the living standard of some people are improved little in industrialized nations. • And with the rapid development of the emerging economies in the globalization, the demand and the prices for commodities are increasingly high and developed countries pay more for their oil and other commodity imports.
利率与经济发展速度的关系
• 利率高低与经济发展速度成正比
发达国家经济增长慢，贷款需求低，利率低 发展中国家经济增长快，贷款需求大，利率 高
True or False
• 1. Now the global economy is going through the broadest and strongest expansion.
与一般对冲基金不同的是，布里奇沃特投资公司不为富人管理金钱，而是只 跟养老基金和主权财富基金等大型机构合作。
布里奇沃特投资公司总部是一幢不起眼的 砖石玻璃结构三层楼房，坐落在康涅狄格 州韦斯特波特县一片 22 亩的茂密林地中， 在格林尼治海岸以北约 20 英里。
View of lake and trees surrounding the corporate headquarters in Westport, Connecticut
• 世界银行是一个国际组织，一开始它的目的是帮助欧洲国家 和日本在二战后的重建，此外它应该辅助非洲、亚洲和拉丁 美洲国家的经济发展。 • 一开始世界银行的贷款主要集中于大规模的基础建设。日本 和西欧国家“毕业”（达到一定的人均收入水平）后世界银 行完全集中于发展中国家。从1990年代初开始世界银行也开 始向东欧国家和原苏联国家贷款。
Lesson 3
The New Pattern of the World Economy
---Emerging nations powering global economic boom
当代世界经济格局的演变及其特征
二战后初期-20世纪60年代末美国独霸的世界经济格局 • 美国独掌资本主义世界经济霸权，统一的世界经济体系被 截然分裂为两个互不联系的独立的经济体系。 20世纪70年代后世界经济格局多极化发展 • 两大阵营的对立开始缓和，其他经济力量迅速发展与美国 经济霸权的相对衰落，共同推动了世界经济格局向多级方 向的转变。
Soweto [sə'wi:təu]
索维托小镇
Comparison between developing nations and the developed world
• 4. What is the simplest yardstick of economic success for a country? How faster might the economy of the developing nations grow than that of the developed in 2006? (Read Paragraph 17.)
• It’s a country’s growth in real gross domestic product, or how fast its total output of goods and services is rising after inflation. • The growth rate of the developing world might be more than double that of the developed world in 2006 according to the IMF.
(T)
True or False
• 7. The greatest risk to the economic boom is national protectionism. (F) • 8. To ensure a stable economic growth, emerging countries should encourage more domestic consumption. (T)
(T)
• 2. Developed countries are still playing a dominant role in the global economy.
(F)
• 3. The simplest yardstick of economic success for a country is its growth in GDP.
基金组织通过以下三项主要职能来达致促 进国际金融体系稳定的目的。
•监督：监督国际货币体系和成员国的政策， 并跟踪各地的经济和金融情况，在必要时提 出警告； •贷款：向有国际收支困难的国家贷款； •技术援助和培训：帮助成员国发展健全的 制度和经济政策工具。
World Bank Group
• 世界银行（WBG）是世界银行 集团的俗称，“世界银行”这 个名称一直是用于指国际复兴 开发银行（IBRD）和国际开发 协会（IDA）。这些机构联合向 发展中国家提供低息贷款、无 息信贷和赠款。 • 世界银行成立于1945年12月27 日，1946年6月开始营业。总部 设在美国首都华盛顿。凡是参 加世界银行的国家必须首先是 国际货币基金组织的会员国。
Structure
• General situation of global economy • Emerging economies • Comparison between developing nations and the developed world • Impact on the developed world and the developing world • Risks to the global economic boom • Solution • Conclusion
General situation of global economy
• 1. What is the general economic situation of the world? (Read Paragraph 1-3.) • The global economy is on a growth streak that is shaping up to be the broadest and strongest expansion in more than three decades.
• 2. What countries are playing a dominant role in the global economy currently? And what is the trend driven by? (Read Paragraph 4-6.) • The developing countries are playing a dominant role. • The trend is driven by free trade.