英概论文最终版

中国地质大学江城学院《主要英语国家概况》课程论文America，Its Geography—Focus on the Mississippi River浅析美国地理—聚焦密西西比河姓名：孙晓杰专业：英日双语班级：英日二班学号： 4130100218指导教师: 郭萍 (教授)2012年5月31日原创性声明本人呈交的课程论文，是在郭萍教授的指导下，在课程学习后独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、材料真实可靠。

尽我所知，除文中已经标注引用的内容外，本论文的研究成果不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。

对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。

本人所呈交的课程论文没有违反学术道德和学术规范，没有侵权行为，并愿意承担由此而产生的法律责任和法律后果。

本人签名: 日期：CONTENTS1.Introduction (6)2. The flow (7)2.1 landscapes (8)2.2 The effects (9)3. Mark Twain’s Works and the Mississippi River (9)3.1 Regional cultural influence (10)3.2 Life on the Mississippi (10)4. The Mississippi river and The Y angtze river (11)4.1 The threat (12)4.2 The management (12)5. Conclusion (14)Acknowledgements (14)Bibliography (16)ABSTRACTThe Mississippi River is the longest、the biggest and the most important river in North America, The Mississippi River flow of water and its management work for the people on both sides of the river trade and life is extremely important. This paper, through studying the history of the Mississippi River and the present situation, flows through regional, hydrological conditions and so on, focuses on American geographical situation, find out the existing problems, and to solve. All successful writers are mostly influenced by regional culture. The influence of regional culture in acquiring writer, is the latest teacher may by various means, affect a writer aesthetic emotion, way of thinking and writing style. Mark Twain was born in Florida. The Mississippi River, flowing through the state, exerts a tremendous influence on him. The beautiful sight and the colorful life as well as the cast of characters are all quite familiar to Mark Twain. Therefore the Mississippi River produces great regional impact on Mark Twain’s literary creation. Mark Twain takes the Mississippi River as the carrier of his classic works shapes his unique writing style and at the same time bestows specific meaning on the river.The Mississippi River from the United States of north and south is first the river. In the development process, the river basins administrative agencies combined with river resources advantage, by setting the reasonable development mode and development planning, promoted the rapid development of the American economy. At present, the first in Asia the river in the Ya ngtze river basin is facing the development of golden opportunity, at the same time in the development process, there are also many problems. From the Mississippi River basin development experience, the Yangtze river basin development should reform the management mode, and make the perfect regional policy, to broaden the financing channels, to enhance the Yangtze river gold waterway leading role of the radiation, establishing strong environmental protection consciousness, inorder to realize the sustainable development of the Yangtze river basin. This is also discussed in this paper will be a focus of the one.Key words: Mississippi River;Mark Twain;regional impact;Geography; Yangtze river摘要密西西比河是北美洲最大、最长和最重要的河流。

密西西比河的水流及其管理工作对于沿河两岸人民的贸易和生活都是极其重要的。

本文通过研究密西西比河的历史与其目前现状、流经区域、水文条件等方面，着重探讨美国的地理概况，找出其当前存在的问题，并予以解决。

凡是卓有成就的作家，大多受地域文化的熏陶。

地域文化的影响在作家的成长史中，是如影随形的老师，会通过各种方式，影响到作家的审美情感、思维方式、创作风格。

马克.吐温出生于佛罗里达，在密西西比河的涛声中成长，沿河万里的自然风光，丰富多彩的生活，接触的各色人等，对他影响极深。

因此密西西比河对马克.吐温的文学创作有着重要的地域影响，马克.吐温将密西西比河作为其经典创作的载体，形成了独特的写作的风格，同时赋予密西西比河独特的意义。

因此，我们也将从马克.吐温的作品中寻找到密西西比河的独特之处以及它对人们日常生活的重大作用。

密西西比河是纵贯美国南北的第一大河。

在其开发过程中，流域管理机构结合流域资源优势，通过制订合理的开发模式和发展规划，有力地促进了美国经济的腾飞。

目前，亚洲第一大河长江流域正面临着发展的黄金机遇期，同时在开发过程中也存在着诸多问题。

借鉴密西西比河流域的开发经验，长江流域开发应改革管理模式，制订完善的区域政策，拓宽融资渠道，增强长江黄金水道的辐射带动作用，树立强烈的环保意识，以实现长江流域的可持续的发展。

这也是本文将要探讨的一个重点之一。

关键词:密西西比河、马克·吐温、地区影响力、地理、长江America，Its Geography—Focus on the Mississippi River1. IntroductionThe Mississippi River is the largest river system in the United States. It is known as the “Father of all Waters”. Mark Twain’s famous novel “Life on the Mississippi” vividly describes the importance of the river. It flows about 3,770 kilometers from Minnesota to the Golf of Mexico. Together with its longest tributary, the Missouri River, it is 5,910 kilometers long.The Mississippi has many tributaries. Together, the Mississippi River system drains the entire area between the Appalachians and the Rockies, more than half of the Continental U.S. The most important tributary in the west is the Missouri River that has its source in the Rocky Mountains and enters the Mississippi at St. Louis. In the east, the Ohio River is the most important tributary, which served as the dividing line between the North and the South in the old days when slavery existed in the South. The Ohio River has its own tributary, the Tennessee River. Americans built a lot dams on the Tennessee River during the Great Depression for better navigation and flood control. Today, it alsogenerates a large quantity of electricity.The Mississippi River is the biggest river in North America. In the rocky mountain source Missouri heyuan, water is not big, but very sediment concentration, often leads to the Mississippi River floods. The chief tributary of the Mississippi have the Ohio river, the Illinois river, the river Arkansas and Tennessee river, etc. 18 centuries later, Mississippi River basin is gradually being developed. The famous American writer Mark Twain once praises its beauty and rich: "latitude and altitude, precipitation, the three combinations to make every part of the Mississippi valley can support dense population.”The United Statesis thing topographical features high on both sides, among low, the mountains are run north to south. The east of the Appalachian mountains from the northeast to southwest expanded, and the Atlantic coast of parallel, on both sides of the mountain is rich in coal resources, moisture 1/5 of the whole country, the output of the nation's three quarters, the United States is an important coal base. The Rocky Mountains in the west of the so-called North America spine, mountain 500 km wide, from the towering peaks in the western United States, and the central plains for in a column to natural barrier. The central part is half of the great plains of the national territory. Flowing water of the Mississippi River flows through the central plains, make it become the important agricultural region of the United States. The United States many rivers to the rocky mountain as a border into two of the great river: west Pacific Ocean water system for major rivers have the Colorado river, Columbia river, yukon. Edom for the Atlantic water system, and divided into the Atlantic ocean and river flows into the rivers flow into the gulf of Mexico. The former have Hudson River, the Delaware river, the Potomac river; The latter is mainly have the Mississippi River.2 The flowThe Mississippi River originated in the north-west of Minnesota, from north to south, collected the Missouri river, the Ohio river and the Arkansas river three tributaries later, in New Orleans into the gulf of Mexico near. Among them the Missouri river originated in Montana State the Rocky Mountains; the length is more than the Mississippi River itself. As the United States the central region of the Mississippi River traffic artery, a basin of nearly 300 square kilometers, for American agriculture development, the industrial revolution plays a vital role.The Mississippi River on the whole basin dent rites, namely Zhu He Dao is located in the central plains, from both sides together to ZhuHeDao tributaries.Can see things the United States for high on both sides of the topography around low, and rivers from the north to the south that the United States move slightly higher ground north and south north south low (north more low hills existence)2.1 landscapesThe Mississippi River starting point is Minnesota, the end is the gulf of Mexico. In its long flowing, Mississippi River, moistens the continental United States 41% of the land. Native American terrain consists of three columns with composition. The first columns with is the mountain west and plateau, the Rocky Mountains have more than 40 an altitude of 4200 m above the peak; The second columns with eastern is Appalachian mountain peaks, altitude 2038 m; The third columns with is the central plains, including the great plains and the central lowlands, great plains at 600 ~ 1500 m commonly. The Mississippi River system bound at 80 west ° ~ 112 ° and latitude 29 ° ~ 49 ° between; it is the central plain area. The Mississippi River terrain low on both sides, dotted with lakes, is the United States in the northeast of the mainland and contact channel. Although the Missouri river originates from the Rocky Mountains to the heights, but most of the basin is flat or slightly have ups and downs. The Ohio River most is the central lowlands, elevation 150 MB, east and the Appalachian mountain of the room. The Mississippi River flows through the central lowlands, the middle of the river broad river, the author downstream channel, and the wide reach2500-3000 m, the stable. Due to the continuous accumulation in the estuary sediment, since 1898, the delta average every year to extend the 30 m, form a bout 300 km wide area up to 3.7 square kilometers of the delta. Delta plains. It swamps, and more on both sides of the river valley. River into six ChaLiu reached outwards, form if bird foot, have "bird foot delta," said.2.2 The effectsThe growth of the Mississippi River and the American landscape is not only relevant, and the present situation of the Mississippi River in affecting American. Americans all aspects of life with the Mississippi are a remarkable relationship. Many indigenous people have been living in along the Banks of the Mississippi River. More than 400 species of wildlife live along or in the Mississippi River. Each section of the river has its own species and habitats. A special type of ecosystem occurs where the Lowell Mississippi drains into the Gulf of Mexico. This is an area of coastal wetlands, where fresh water and salt water meet. The Mississippi River valley has rich soils formed by thousands of years of erosion and river deposits. The soils support plant life very well. The Mississippi River has flooded several times in recent history. Despite the great river north American continent in sweat to flow for nearly ten thousand years, but it is the history of the development is only a short for over 200 years. It is like a giant water network, so from the United States from north to south. Today, after the United States people's development and construction, half a century the Mississippi valley had the profound change, the flood has been control, watercan be fully used. Today is all green Banks, and vibrant industrial town dotted, busy fleet and light yacht made the United States has a long history of this the river senses, the beautiful and the Mississippi River that makes the United States the brightness of the graces, more charm.3. Mark Twain’s Works and the Mississippi RiverMark Twain was born in Florida. The Mississippi River, flowing through the state, exerts a tremendous influence on him. The beautiful sight and the colorful life as well as the cast of characters are all quite familiar to Mark Twain. Therefore the Mississippi River produces great regional impact on MarkTwain’s literary creation.Around Missouri Hannibal lecter, often can see people celebrate Mark Twain's work "Tom Sawyer". Many indigenous people have been living in along the Banks of the Mississippi River.3.1 Regional cultural influenceThe Mississippi River has inspired many writers. Mark Twain is 19 th century American excellent realism writer, the remarkable irony writer. The second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century for Mark Twain engaged in the activities of the main periods of literature. His creation and at a time when the us life many important social phenomenon closely linked. Mark Twain’s stories are the best known. Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, a town along the Mississippi River. Mark Twain loved the river and wrote about it many of his books. He thought the Mississippi River had “a new story to tell every day”. In 1876, Twain published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. In 1884, Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which has come to be his most popular book. Some of the most exciting events in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn take place on the Mississippi River. Huck and his friend Jim escape capture by sailing down the river on a raft. Both of these books are still popular today.3.2 Life on the MississippiMore than 400 species of wildlife live along or in the Mississippi River. Each section of the river has its own species and habitats. In the north, pine and spruce forests line the Headwaters. This is where bear, elk, moose, and wolves make theirs homes. Overhead, eagles and snowy owls soar over beds of wild rice. The upper Mississippi includes many different habiatitats. Among them are lakes, marshes, forests, and beaches. Part of this area is protected as a national refuge. Along the Lower Mississippi, the land is flat. The warmer climate and plentiful rainfall make this a more tropical area. And Mark Twain with youngwhen driving river boats experience,. To the Mississippi River and along the coast of the town for stage background, the vivid life experience, the author wrote the childhood years and his beloved native. Written for thrilling autobiography "the Mississippi River life" This book autobiographic reusing, description, have episode, a fable, also have cited, has various meanings and artistic value, is a magnificent structure, content rich narrative. A humorous irony is famous for its style of Mark Twain, in the book presents the warm recall and light sorrow. Encyclopedia altogether sixty chapter, the author with a simple, downy, the right language of the Mississippi River looks great depict incisively and vividly, depicting the his experience in the second half of the nineteenth century American society and its transformation after, make this book became the pioneer of local literature.4. The Mississippi River and the YangtzeRiverThe Yangtze River is China's first river! The world's third, behind the Nile River and the Amazon Rive r. Water is the world's third. The Mississippi River is the world's longest and process the longest, a basin of North America's most widely, the largest river water. "Mississippi" from Indian language means the river or the father of the river. Despite the great river North American continent in sweat to flow for nearly ten thousand years, but it is the history of the development is only a short for over 200 years. It is like a giant water network, so from the United States from north to south It’s main tributary basin area together according to plan for the world's third-largest stream (approximately 310 million square kilometers).4.1 The threatIn the United States endangered rivers tenth of the Mississippi River of threat: navigation infrastructure, levees and pollution Our army corps of engineers try to expand in the upper reaches of the saint Louis yard area, not only waste of taxpayers a lot of money, the future will harm the Mississippi River health. For decades, the army corps of engineers in the United States after the use of the Mississippi has received various problems. Unless the United States congress for the army corps of engineers to put forward the instructions to reflect on the needs of society, appear this desire and opportunities, otherwise the Mississippi River will face ecological disaster, local every year $21 billion worth of tourism and leisure industry the economy would suffer negative effects.In April 2011, the Mississippi River and its tributaries of the Ohio river valley rainfall of up to six times that of the same period year, this makes the Mississippi valley encountered the most since 1937 flood, the floods for local family pets and wildlife caused great influence, many animals lose their homes, faces a serious threat to life. And the Mississippi River basin catfish breeding industry is facing with the great flood threat. Rising the Mississippi River and tributaries in the area will be swallowed up an annual value of $200 million of catfish culture zones. The flood will plunge to most of the catfish breeding area, and there are a lot of the triangle is located in south Mississippi farms have been swallowing. Mississippi, Alabama and Arkansas is the breeding production of catfish. Catfish is the seventh largest commodity Mississippi, but faces multiple challenges, such as the lower prices from Vietnam breeding catfish.4.2 The managementSeemingly calm and vicissitudes of the "old man river" no less to the disaster, in nearly years the Mississippi River happened 30 major flooding manytimes. Is the main reason of chun xia season of torrential rain, many tributaries of the Mississippi River basin, broad like a huge funnel, and will be the United States of the precipitation all stops the bosom. The other is melting snow, 1965 occurred in the upstream of the flood, is snow in spring suddenly upstream caused by melting. At the same time, because of the Mississippi River and its tributaries of the loose on main flows through the Midwest, a large number of Quicksand River to increase the middle.The beginning of the twentieth century, the United States government from the levee, reservoir, floodplains, the realignment of river courses and water to keep and so on various take measures to cooperate with each other, to "control the\" for the target launched a comprehensive project. Now, Mississippi River, the ability of regional flood greatly strengthened, and the farmers make full use of the river to bring along the fertile soil, building of large farms. And the synchronization for control of many tributaries flow even built the necessary hydropower station. When a variety of facilities and move the function, the former disaster of the river was gradually human tame, become the golden waterway and energy of the river.The Mississippi River basin is very serious natural disasters, the United States of the management of the results also attracted worldwide attention. Study the Mississippi River harnessing and development success of work experience of China's river basin management work is a very good reference. The management of the engineering measures mainly in the upstream, and block a clear reefs, build a branching cascade sluice gate, middle building levees, alignment, and dredging of river, the river flood downstream built, bending and cutting straighter stable bed, estuary sand, construction management block door diversion dike, each branch, with a comprehensive utilization reservoir for the Lord; Successful application of non-structural measures mainly reflects in management, legislative, flood control insurance to the attention of the scientific research and, etc. The Mississippi River is the national culture, recreation andtreasure house. Every year, tourism, fishing, and recreational only for the entertainment industry production value can reach 21.4 billion dollars, all for the basin provided 351000 jobs. The Mississippi River and support of $12.6 billion worth of shipping industry provide relevant 35300 jobs. Half the nation of corn and soy is shipped by the Mississippi River upstream5. ConclusionThis study mainly concerns on geography of the U.S. and a detailed analysis has been especially on the Mississippi River, the positive methods of solving the problem of the Yangtze River by researching the Mississippi River. This study will help people learn much about the Mississippi River. This study does not cover all the information about the American geography, just a part of it about the Mississippi River.The Mississippi River originated in the north-west of Minnesota, from north to south, collected the Missouri river, the Ohio River and the Arkansas River three tributaries later, in New Orleans into the gulf of Mexico near. Among them the Missouri river originated in Montana State the Rocky Mountains; the length is more than the Mississippi River itself. As the United States the central region of the Mississippi River traffic artery, a basin of nearly 300 square kilometers, for American agriculture development, the industrial revolution plays a vital role. Study not only helps us to understand the Mississippi River roughly landscape, and its waters of China's Yangtze River management also has certain reference. The innovation of this paper lies in the Mississippi River and the Yangtze river will be compared, as to find out specific solution.there still do exist some question to be solved because of the circumstance and the reference, I’m will try my best to seek the answer. Thanks again!AcknowledgementsIt takes me to select subject and finalize a manuscript. During this period, I have learned a lot and I would like to thank my teacher and those who give me a hand on this paper, especially my teacher—Professor Guo Ping. This paper is dedicated to my teacher’s gu idance; she gives many advices about the Mississippi River and main direction for my paper, without which I would have never finished this article by myself. To all of these I owe a profound debt of gratitude, and to my classmates who offered me much help in this paper. Thank again!Bibliography【1】后立胜许学工密西西比河流域治理的措施及启示人民黄河河南：河南省郑州市金水路2001【2】王新杰；密西西比河——马克·吐温创作的源泉华北电力大学外语系【3】徐常兰马克·吐温与密西西比河(Mark Twain and the Mississippi River) 河北：衡水学院学报2006年04期【4】杨勤业地理博物馆河南:河南教育出版社1995【5】于丹；幽默丛生的密西西比河流域风情画卷吉林:吉林大学，2009【6】周宝娣:《主要英语国家概况》重庆:重庆大学出版社，2004 (194-195)【7】周宇;邱凤全美利坚的血脉—密西西比河武汉：决策与信息.上旬刊.杂志社2011 【8】中国地理资源期刊网：/【9】中国知网机构数字图书馆知网空间/【10】Mark Twain, Life On The Mississippi.Mark Twain Signet Classics (2009-03)【11】Mudd Ruth, Maria. The Mississippi River. New Y ork: Benchmark Books, 2001。