吉林省实验中学2015届高三第二次模拟考试
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试数学(文)试题(有答案)
2.i 为虚数单位,复数1+i i在复平面内对应的点到原点的距离为( ) A.21 B.22 C. 1D.23.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为( ) A. 33 B. 3 C. 63 D.334.若实数x ,y 满足线性约束条件3122x y x y x +≤⎧⎪⎨≤≤⎪⎩,则z =2x y +的最大值为( )A. 0B. 4C. 5D. 75.下列函数是偶函数,且在[]0,1上单调递增的是( )A.cos()2y x π=+B.22cos 21y x =-C.2y x =- D.|sin()|y x π=-6.在正项等比数列{}n a 中,6lg lg lg 963=++a a a ,则111a a 的值是 ( ) A. 10 B. 1000 C. 100 D. 100007.已知向量12,e e 是两个不共线的向量,若122a e e =-与12b e e λ=+共线,则λ=( )A .2 B. 2- C. 12-D. 128.在ABC ∆中,点D 是BC 中点,若 60=∠A ,12AB AC ⋅=,则||AD 的最小值是( )A.32B. 22C. 34D. 329.已知函数)(x f 的导函数图象如右图所示,若ABC ∆为锐角三角形,则一定成立的是( )A. (cos )(cos )f A f B <B. (sin )(cos )f A f B <C.(sin )(sin )f A f B >D.(sin )(cos )f A f B >O10.数列{}n a 满足11a =,且对于任意的*n N ∈都有11n n a a a n +=++,则122014111a a a +++等于( ) A.40262015 B.40282015 C.20132014 D.2014201511.已知()f x 为偶函数,当0x ≥时,()()211f x x =--+,则满足()12f f a ⎡⎤=⎣⎦的实数a 的个数有( )A.7B.8C.6D.512.已知函数3111,[0,],362()21,(,1].12x x f x x x x ⎧-+∈⎪⎪=⎨⎪∈⎪+⎩ 函数()sin()22(0)6g x a x a a π=-+>,若存在12,[0,1]x x ∈,使得12()()f x g x =成立,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A.14,23⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦B.1(0,]2C.24,33⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D.1,12⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题 5分,共20分。
【百强校】2015届吉林实验中学高三上第二次模拟英语试卷(带解析)
绝密★启用前【百强校】2015届吉林实验中学高三上第二次模拟英语试卷(带解析)试卷副标题考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:83分钟;命题人:xxx学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________注意事项.1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)一、阅读理解(题型注释)Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew (腱). And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on adouble-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch (缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two dif ferent sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye试卷第2页,共11页at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines. Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle (脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a h uge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement (侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties (版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.1、Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment facto ry was burned down because _____. A .people did not know how to put out the fireB .Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his inventionC .workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fireD .the sewing machines couldn’t work finally2、Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties? A .Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude. B .Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer. C .Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it. D .Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.3、Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A .The Early History of the Sewing Machine B .The Case between Howe and Singer C .Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine D .A Stitch in Time Saves NineIt all began with a stop at a red light.Kevin Salwen was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Hannah, back from a sleepover in 2006 . While waiting at a traffic light, they saw a black Mercedes Coupe on one side and a homeless man begging for food on the other.“Dad, if that man had a less nice car, that man there could have a meal.” Hannah protested. The light changed and they drove on, but Hannah was too young to be reasonable. She pestered(纠缠)her parents about inequity, insisting that she wanted to do something.“What do you want to do?” her mom responded. “Sell our house?”Warning! Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager. Hannah seized upon the idea of selling the luxurious family home and donating half the proceeds to charity, while using the other half to buy a more modest replacement home.Eventually, that’s what the family did. The project —crazy, impetuous (鲁莽的)and utterly inspiring — is written down in detail in a book by father and daughter scheduled to be published next month: “The Power of Half.” It’s a book that, frankly, I’d be nervous about leaving around where my own teenage kids might find it. An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.At a time of enormous needs in Haiti and elsewhere, when so many Americans are trying to help Haitians by sending everything from text messages to shoes, the Salwens offer an example of a family that came together to make a difference — for themselves as much as the people they were trying to help. In a column a week ago, it described neurological (神经生物学的)evidence from brain scans that unselfishness lights up parts of the brain normally associated with more primary satisfaction. The Salwens’ experience confi rms the selfish pleasures of selflessness.Mr. Salwen and his wife, Joan, had always assumed that their kids would be better off in a bigger house. But after they downsized, there was much less space to retreat to, so the family members spent more time around each other. A smaller house unexpectedly turned out to be a more family-friendly house.4、What does the underlined word “inequity” most probably mean in Paragraph 3? A.Unfairness. B.Satisfaction.C.Reasonable statement D.Personal attitude.5、What does the underlined sentence “Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager.”试卷第4页,共11页means? ______A .Don’t respond to a child's demands firm ly without consideration.B .Unless a child is realistic, never give an answer immediately.C .Give an answer if the child is reasonable.D .Never give a quick answer to an idealistic teenager. 6、What can we learn from the last paragraph? A .The Salwens regretted selling their house.B .The relationship between the family members of the Salwens is much closer.C .Small houses can bring happiness.D .The Salwens intend to buy another big house.7、Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A .Mercedes Coupe is only an ordinary car which is quite cheap. B .Unselfishness has nothing to do with people’s primary satisfaction.C .Hannah asked her parents to do something charitable and they sold their house.D .The writer’s children asked him to sell t heir house.Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warntheir children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.8、The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because . A.they lived healthily in a dirty environment.B.they believed disease could be spread in public bathsC.they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inD.they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease9、Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing? A.Uninterested. B.Curious.C.Approving. D.Afraid.10、How does the passage mainly develop?A.By following the order of time.B.By making comparisons.C.By providing examples.D.By following the order of importance.11、What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A.To stress the role of dirt.B.To introduce the history of dirt.C.To present the change of views on dirt.D.To call attention to the danger of dirt.Miscioscio, 60, a marketing consultant in Pearl River, N.Y., says she's addicted to her Sony e-reader. She buys or borrows a print book only when it's not available digitally. Miscioscio says most of her friends and relatives have also switched to e-books for the convenience and lower prices. Last winter, she notes, she vacationed in Costa Rica and says “at least 75% of those reading were reading electronically. I was shocked to see people taking their e-readers onto the loungers (躺椅) in the pool.”Meier, 43, a marketing director in Beaver Falls, prefers her books on paper, not screens. After working on a computer all day, she says, “I want a book in my hand. Turning over its pages is my way of knowing it's time to relax and slow do wn.” Meier, who's sticking with physicalbooks, doesn't consider herself any kind of digital “resister.” “I'm comfortable with all forms of试卷第6页,共11页technology,” she says. “However, when it comes to books, I suppose I'm a traditionalist. My preference will always b e the real thing.”To her, part of the joy of reading is the book itself: “pulling it from the shelf, inspecting the cover, letting it fall open to a random page.”Both have lots of company. Statistics show that e-book sales grew 43% last year, but that's a slowdown compared with the triple-digit increases in recent years. E-books remain the fastest-growing part of the book market but account for only about 20% of all sales, reported by publishers.Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition. Even though e-book sales have grown more than 4,000% since 2008, it's unlikely that physical books will disappear the way records did in the music industry.12、Miscioscio will ______ when a book is not available digitally. A .give up reading such kind of books B .switch to the book of lower price C .buy the book on paperD .take an e-reader onto the loungers13、According to Meier, her “preference ” refers to ______. A .paper book B .part of joy C .a random page D .an e-book 14、What can we learn from the last paragraph?A .Records are unlikely to disappear in the music industry.B .Miscioscio and Meier are two opponents in book business.C .The market share of e-books is bigger than that of paper books.D .Physical books will remain to be accepted to some people. 15、What is the passage mainly concerned with? A .E-books will dominate the book industry eventually. B .Readers go their own way in choosing books. C .New technology brings more benefits for readers. D .Physical books will disappear gradually in the future.二、完形填空(题型注释)Once upon a time in a land far far away, there was a ________ old man who loved everything. Animals, spiders, insects...One day ________ walking through the woods the nice old man found a cocoon (茧) of a butterfly. He ________it home.A few days later, a small ________appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours _________it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to_______making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it couldgo______ farther.Then the man decided to help the _______ , so he took a pair of scissors and _______the remaining bit of the cocoon.The butterfly then came out ________._______it had a swollen (浮肿的) body and small, shriveled (枯萎的) wings. The man________ to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would ________ to be able to support the body, which would contract in time. Neither happened!______ , the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling (爬) around with a swollen body and shriveled wings.It never able to ________ .What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting (限制的) _______and the struggle required for the butterfly to ________ the tiny opening were Nature's way of forcing fluid (液体) from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its________ from the cocoon.Sometimes _______ are exactly what we need in our life. If we were allowed to go through our life without any challenges, it would weaken us. We would not be as ______as what we could have been.And we could never fly.16、A.cold B.kind C.polite D.tiresome17、A.unless B.if C.while D.because18、A.took B.moved C.circulated D.dashed19、A.sign B.shadow C.shade D.opening20、A.and B.until C.as D.then试卷第8页,共11页21、A .stop B .prevent C .appeal D .adapt 22、A .any B .more C .no D .much 23、A .bug B .butterfly C .animal D .fly24、A .take down B .take apart C .cut down D .cut open 25、A .greedily B .easily C .hardly D .quickly 26、A .Generally B .Even C .So D .But 27、A .sought B .lasted C .continued D .began 28、A .enlarge B .shorten C .tighten D .darken29、A .In conclusion B .In time C .In fact D .In particular 30、A .walk B .fly C .flee D .run 31、A .wing B .tale C .subject D .cocoon32、A .get out B .get through C .get away D .get down 33、A .freedom B .outcome C .balance D .reliability 34、A .struggles B .passions C .manners D .spirits 35、A .weak B .intelligent C .gifted D .strong第II卷(非选择题)三、短文改错(题型注释)36、短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10分)假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下日记。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试历史 Word版试题及答案
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试文科综合试题24.甲骨文有以形表意的特征。
图7中的“城”字中间的方形小框,表示城四周的城墙,表示城楼,为士兵守护之意;“邦”字下边的“田”字,代指疆域土地,上半部分的象形符号,是标示疆界范围的界标。
从这两个字的结构和含义可以看出,“城邦”的含义和主要功能是A.一定区域范围内统治管理中心 B.具有对外防御能力的军事基地C.强化农业生产为主的经济中心 D.土地和军队是国家财富的来源25.公元829年,日本记载:“传闻唐国之风,渠堰不便之处,多构水车。
无水之地以斯不失其利。
此间之民,素无此备,动若焦损,宜下仰民间,作备件器,以为农业之资,其以手转、以足踏、服牛回等,备随便宜。
”该记载A.说明日本效法唐朝改革政治制度 B.证实唐代水车灌溉技术传人日本C.彰显中日之间经济文化水平相当 D.体现出唐代农业自给自足的特点26.在英国维多利亚时代(1837—1901年),一方面,有贵族宫殿式的庄园生活;另一方面,则是农人破败的茅屋草舍。
一方面,是工厂主舒适的生活享受;另一方面,则是失业工人绝望的生存挣扎。
这一时期英国著名的保守党首相迪斯雷利曾把英国说成是一个“两个民族”的国家,“当茅屋不舒服时,宫殿是不会安全的。
”材料主要说明A.工业化带来了一定的社会危机 B.圈地运动加剧了社会阶层的分化C.英国的产业结构不够科学合理 D.自由主义政策不再适应经济发展27.马克思在《法兰西内战》中认为:“巴黎公社是由巴黎各区普选选出的城市代表组成的,这些代表对选民负责,随时可以撤换。
其中大多数自然都是工人,或者是公认的工人阶级的代表。
公社不应当是议会式的,而应当是同时监管行政和立法工作的机关。
”下列对此理解不正确的是,巴黎公社A.主要代表无产阶级的利益 B.真正实现了选民当家作主C.实行议会和行政合一的政治体制 D.是真正的无产阶级专政的国家28.下面是民谣《炮火声战号声》的歌词对白。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试英语试题及答案
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试英语试题Me ier, 43, a marketing director in Beaver Falls, prefers her books on paper, not screens. After working on a computer all day, she says, “I want a book in my hand. Turning over its pages is my way of knowing it's time to rela x and slow down.” Meier, who's sticking with physical books, doesn't consider herself any kind of digital “resister.” “I'm comfortable with all forms of technology,” she says. “However, when it comes to books, I suppose I'm a traditionalist. My preference will always be the real thing.”To her, part of the joy of reading is the book itself: “pulling it from the shelf, inspecting the cover, letting it fall open to a random page.”Both have lots of company. Statistics show that e-book sales grew 43% last year, but that's a slowdown compared with the triple-digit increases in recent years. E-books remain the fastest-growing part of the book market but account for only about 20% of all sales, reported by publishers.Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition. Even though e-book sales have grown more than 4,000% since 2008, it's unlikely that physical books will disappear the way records did in the music industry.21. Miscioscio will ______ when a book is not available digitally.A. give up reading such kind of booksB. switch to the book of lower priceC. buy the book on paperD. take an e-reader onto the loungers22. According to Meier, her “preference” refers to ______.A. paper bookB. part of joyC. a random pageD. an e-book23. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Records are unlikely to disappear in the music industry.B. Miscioscio and Meier are two opponents in book business.C. The market share of e-books is bigger than that of paper books.D. Physical books will remain to be accepted to some people.24. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. E-books will dominate the book industry eventually.B. Readers go their own way in choosing books.C. New technology brings more benefits for readers.D. Physical books will disappear gradually in the future.BGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.25. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.B. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsC. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inD. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease26. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A. Uninterested.B. Curious.C. Approving.D. Afraid.27. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By following the order of time.B. By making comparisons.C. By providing examples.D. By following the order of importance.28. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To present the change of views on dirt.D. To call attention to the danger of dirt.CIt all began with a stop at a red light.Kevin Salwen was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Hannah, back from a sleepover in 2006 . While waiting at a traffic light, they saw a black Mercedes Coupe on one side and a homeless man begging for food on the other.“Dad, if that man had a less nice car, that man there could have a meal.” Hannah protested. The light changed and they drove on, but Hannah was too young to be reasonable. She pestered(纠缠)her parents about inequity, insisting that she wanted to do something.“What do you want to do?” her mom responded. “Sell our house?”Warning! Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager. Hannah seized upon the idea of selling the luxurious family home and donating half the proceeds to charity, while using the other half to buy a more modest replacement home.Eventually, that’s what the family did. The project —crazy, impetuous (鲁莽的)and utterly inspiring — is written down in detail in a book by father and daughter scheduled to be published next month: “The Power of Half.” It’s a book that, frankly, I’d be nervous about leaving around where my own teenage kids might find it. An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.At a time of enormous needs in Haiti and elsewhere, when so many Americans are trying to help Haitians by sending everything from text messages to shoes, the Salwens offer an example of a family that came together to make a difference — for themselves as much as the people they were trying to help. In a column a week ago, it described neurological (神经生物学的)evidence from brain scans that unselfishness lights up parts of the brain normally associated with more primary satisfaction. The Salwens’experience confirms the selfish pleasures of selflessness.Mr. Salwen and his wife, Joan, had always assumed that their kids would be better off in a bigger house. But after they downsized, there was much less space to retreat to, so the family members spent more time around each other. A smaller house unexpectedly turned out to be a more family-friendly house.29. What does the underlined word “inequity” most probably mean in Paragraph 3?A. Unfairness.B. Satisfaction.C. Reasonable statementD. Personal attitude.30. What does the underlined sentence “Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealisticteenager.” means? ______A. Don’t respond to a child's demands firmly without consideration.B. Unless a child is realistic, never give an answer immediately.C. Give an answer if the child is reasonable.D. Never give a quick answer to an idealistic teenager.31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The Salwens regretted selling their house.B. The relationship between the family members of the Salwens is much closer.C. Small houses can bring happiness.D. The Salwens intend to buy another big house.32. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mercedes Coupe is only an ordinary car which is quite cheap.B. Unselfishness has nothing to do with people’s primary satisfaction.C. Hannah asked her parents to do something charitable and they sold their house.D. The writer’s children asked him to sell their house.DHumans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew (腱). And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch (缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewi ng that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle (脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s ha nds free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement(侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties(版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.33. Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____.A. people did not know how to put out the fireB. Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his inventionC. workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fireD. the sewi ng machines couldn’t work finally34. Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?A. Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.B. Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.C. Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.D. Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.35. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Early History of the Sewing MachineB. The Case between Howe and SingerC. Patent Laws on the Sewing MachineD. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
烟月不知人事改,夜阑还照深宫。藕花相向野塘中。暗伤亡国,清露..
烟月不知人事改,夜阑还照深宫。
藕花相向野塘中。
暗伤亡国,清露..篇一:吉林省实验中学_届高三年级第二次模拟考试语文吉林省实验中学_届高三年级第二次模拟考试语文学科试卷考试时间:_0分钟试卷满分:_0分第Ⅰ卷阅读题一.现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面文字,回答1~3题.儒家的政治伦理汤一介古人说〝修身.齐家.治国.平天下〞,〝自天子以至于庶人,壹是皆以修身为本〞.这就是说,没有〝以人为本〞的〝道德理想伦理〞,〝政治伦理〞是无从谈起的.如何〝修身〞?孔子提出要〝修德〞〝讲学〞〝徙义〞〝改过〞,这样才能〝下学上达〞,成为君子,才能使自己有个〝安身立命〞处.如何〝齐家〞?儒家把〝孝〞作为家庭伦理的基本.>中说:〝孝弟也者,其为仁之本与!〞>(>是中国古代儒家的伦理学著作)中说:〝父子之道,自然慈孝,本乎天性,则生爱敬之心,是常道也.〞〝爱〞与〝敬〞发乎人之本性,非外力所加,自然如此.费孝通先生对此有一新的解释说:家庭伦理〝孝〞的意义在今天主要应体现在〝尊敬祖先和培养优秀的后代〞上.这就是说:对祖先要尊敬,对后代要担负起精心培养的家庭责任.如何〝治国〞?在中国,如果说〝家庭〞是个小社会,〝国〞则是一个大社会.一般认为,中国前现代是专制的〝人治〞国家,而西方近代则是〝民主〞的〝法治〞国家.我认为,这种说法并不全面,应该说在前现代儒家的理想应是以〝礼法合治〞治国.>曰:〝君子礼以坊德,刑以坊淫,命以坊欲.〞意谓〝礼〞是君子为防止超越道德所设立的界限;如果用〝礼〞不能防止道德败坏,那么就要用〝刑〞来制止为非作歹.祸乱社会的行为;如果〝刑〞还有不足之处,则可以用〝法令〞来补充,以防止社会贪欲横流.可见,〝礼〞〝刑〞〝令〞三者功能不同,但都带有制度性的意义.贾谊>中说:〝礼者禁于将然之前,而法者禁于已然之后,是故法之所用易见,而礼之所为生难知也.〞这是说,〝礼〞的作用是要在人们犯错之前就加以防范,而〝法〞是在人们犯错之后加以惩治.〝刑法〞的作用易见成效,而〝礼〞的作用难以立竿见影.这说明,〝礼〞要靠道德教化长期养成,〝法〞是一种外力所加的不得不备之举,不遵守〝礼〞的要求,就叫〝出礼〞(或〝越礼〞),〝出礼〞就会〝入刑〞.所以中国儒家认为〝礼〞和〝法〞有着表里相依的关系.>中说:〝礼节民心,乐和民声,政以行之,刑以防之.礼.乐.政.刑,四达而不悖,则王道备矣.〞〝礼〞的作用是调节人民心之所求,〝乐〞的作用是表达人民追求和谐相处的要求,〝政〞是要求处理〝政务〞顺民情而能行通,〝刑〞是为了防止人民〝出礼〞而〝入刑〞所设立的.我认为,这也许是儒家〝以人为本〞的政治伦理所求.如何〝平天下〞?此句应理解为〝如何使天下平〞.此〝平〞或有三义:〝平〞可作〝和平〞解,如尧对舜说〝协和万邦〞,各邦国和平相处;〝平〞也可作〝平等〞解,如孔子说〝四海之内皆兄弟〞;亦可作〝平安〞解,如〝仁者安仁〞〝老者安之〞〝修己以安人〞.〝天下平〞,包括国与国.民族与民族之间的〝和平〞,也包括〝人〞与〝人〞之间的〝平等〞关系,还包括每个人身心内外的〝平安〞〝安宁〞,这样就真正〝天下太平〞了. (摘编自>,有删节)1.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是(3分)A.〝修身.齐家.治国.平天下〞,其中〝修身〞是基础,而〝政治伦理〞的实现也是以〝道德理想伦理〞的实现为基础的.B.作者认为中国在古代并非纯粹的〝人治〞国家,而是采用〝礼法合治〞方略进行治理的国家.其中,〝礼〞与〝法〞有着表里相依的关系.C.〝礼〞要靠道德教化长期养成,它是君子所设立的防止超越道德的界限,其作用是在人们犯错之前加以防范,但其作用难以立竿见影.D.〝刑〞要在〝礼〞不能防止道德败坏时实施,是在人们犯错之后加以惩治,旨在制止为非作歹.祸乱社会的行为,以防止社会贪欲横流.2.下列关于儒家〝修身.齐家.治国.平天下〞的表述,不符合作者观点的一项是(3分)A.修身,就是要提高自身的道德修养,追求正义和真理,改正错误,从而使自己成长为君子,有〝安身立命〞之所.B.齐家,要把〝孝〞作为家庭伦理的根本,对父母既爱且敬,这种〝爱〞和〝敬〞发乎天性,并不是受外力影响才产生的.C.治国,就是要以人为本,防止人们道德败坏,使人知礼.行礼,而处理政事则要顺应民情,使人民和谐相处.D.平天下,就是要使每个人都身心安泰,使人与人之间平等和谐,使国与国.民族与民族之间和平相处.3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是(3分)A.文章引用>中的内容,旨在说明我国古代是以〝礼法合治〞来治国的.其中的礼.刑.令虽功能不同,但都有制度性的意义.B.贾谊>中的话,是为了说明〝礼〞和〝法〞虽然在作用上有易见和难知的不同,但它们相互依存,没有礼就没有法,没有法就无以行礼.C.文章引用>的〝政以行之,刑以防之〞中两个〝之〞指代内容不相同,前者指民心民情,后者指人民不遵守〝礼〞的行为.D.〝四海之内皆兄弟〞〝仁者安仁〞〝老者安之〞〝修己以安人〞等,主要是为了对〝平〞在传统文化中的意思作解说.二.古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(_分)阅读下面一段文言文,完成4~7题.孔文仲,字经父,临江新喻人.性狷直,寡言笑,少刻苦问学,号博洽.举进士,南省考官吕夏卿,称其词赋赡丽,策论深博,文势似荀卿.杨雄,白主司,擢第一.调..余杭尉.恬介自守,不事请谒.转运使在杭,召与议事,事已,驰归,不诣府.人问之,曰:〝吾于府无事也.〞再转台州推官.熙宁初,翰林学士范镇以制举荐,对策九千余言,力论王安石所建理财.训兵之法为非是.安石怒,启神宗,御批罢归故官.韩维.陈荐.孙永皆力言文仲不当黜,五上章,不听.范镇又言:〝文仲草茅疏远,不识忌讳.且以直言求之,而又罪之,恐为圣明之累.〞亦不听.苏颂叹曰:〝方朝廷求贤如饥渴,有如此人而不见录,岂其论太高而难合邪,言太激而取怨邪?〞吴充为相,欲置之馆阁,又有忌之者,仅得国子直讲.学者方用王氏经义进取,文..仲不习其书,换为三班主簿,出通判保德军.时征西夏,众数十万皆道境上,久不解,.边人厌苦.文仲陈三不便曰大兵未出而丁夫预集河东顾夫劳民而损费诸路出兵首尾不相应虞夏商周之盛未尝无外侮然怀柔制御之要不在彼而在此也.元佑初,哲宗召为秘书省校书郎,进礼部员外郎.有言:〝皇族唯杨.荆二王得称皇叔,余宜各系其祖,若唐人称诸王孙之比.〞文仲曰:〝上新即位,宜广敦睦之义,不应疏间骨肉.〞议遂寝.迁起居舍人,擢左谏议大夫.三年,同知贡举.文仲先有寒疾,及是,昼夜不废职.同院以其形瘵,劝之先出,..或居别寝.谢曰:〝居官则任其责,敢以疾自便乎!〞于是疾益甚,还家而卒,年五十一.士大夫哭之皆失声.苏轼拊其柩曰:〝世方嘉软熟而恶峥嵘,求劲直如吾经父者,今无有矣!〞诏厚恤其家,命弟平仲为江东转运判官,视其葬.(节选自>)4.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(3分)A.文仲陈三不便/曰/大兵未出而丁夫预集河东/顾夫劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛/未尝无外/侮然怀柔制御之要不在彼/而在此也.B.文仲陈三不便曰/大兵未出而丁夫预集/河东顾夫/劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛/未尝无外侮/然怀柔制御之要/不在彼而在此也.C.文仲陈三不便曰/大兵未出而丁夫预集河东/顾夫/劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛/未尝无外/侮然怀柔/制御之要/不在彼而在此也.D.文仲陈三不便/曰大兵未出而丁夫预集/河东顾夫/劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛未尝无外侮/然怀柔制御之要/不在彼而在此也.5.下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是(3分)A.策论古时指议论当前政治问题.向朝廷献策的文章.宋金科举曾用以取士.这里是指孔文仲殿试时的文章.B.馆阁是北宋以后掌管图书.编修国史之官署.宋沿唐制,置〝昭文馆〞.〝史馆〞.〝集贤院〞三馆和〝秘阁〞.〝龙图阁〞等.C.〝贡〞指〝贡士〞,〝古者天子之制,诸侯岁献贡士于天子.〞〝举〞指乡举里选.贡举是指古时地方官府要向帝王荐举人才,后来泛指科举考试.D.军,在这里并不是指军队,而是中国宋代行政区划名.与府.州.监同属于路.6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,正确的一项是(3分)A.孔文仲因词赋赡丽,策论深博,文势似荀卿.杨雄,深得翰林学士范镇赏识,熙宁初,范镇以制举荐,终因得罪王安石而不得重用.B.翰林学士范镇赏识孔文仲的才能,但也一针见血地指出他出身贫贱锋芒毕露的弱点.C.孔文仲在担任国子直讲时,当时学者都研习王氏经义以求仕途,唯独他不学习,结果被贬为保德军通判.D.朝廷为准备与西夏交战,征集数十万丁夫赴边境,孔文仲慷慨陈词,指出兴师动众必然扰民耗材.有不利调度等弊端.7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语(_分)⑴文仲曰:〝上新即位,宜广敦睦之义,不应疏间骨肉.〞议遂寝.译文: ⑵谢曰:〝居官则任其责,敢以疾自便乎!〞译文:(二)古代诗歌阅读(_分)阅读下面这首宋诗,完成8~9题.临江仙鹿虔扆②①金锁重门荒苑静,绮窗愁对秋空.翠华一去寂无踪,玉楼歌吹,声断已随风.烟月不知人事改,夜阑还照深宫.藕花相向野塘中,暗伤亡国,清露泣香红.篇二:吉林省实验中学_届高三上学期第二次模拟考试语文 Word版含答案吉林省实验中学_届高三年级第二次模拟考试语文学科试卷考试时间:_0分钟试卷满分:_0分第Ⅰ卷阅读题一.现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面文字,回答1~3题.儒家的政治伦理汤一介古人说〝修身.齐家.治国.平天下〞,〝自天子以至于庶人,壹是皆以修身为本〞.这就是说,没有〝以人为本〞的〝道德理想伦理〞,〝政治伦理〞是无从谈起的.如何〝修身〞?孔子提出要〝修德〞〝讲学〞〝徙义〞〝改过〞,这样才能〝下学上达〞,成为君子,才能使自己有个〝安身立命〞处.如何〝齐家〞?儒家把〝孝〞作为家庭伦理的基本.>中说:〝孝弟也者,其为仁之本与!〞>(>是中国古代儒家的伦理学著作)中说:〝父子之道,自然慈孝,本乎天性,则生爱敬之心,是常道也.〞〝爱〞与〝敬〞发乎人之本性,非外力所加,自然如此.费孝通先生对此有一新的解释说:家庭伦理〝孝〞的意义在今天主要应体现在〝尊敬祖先和培养优秀的后代〞上.这就是说:对祖先要尊敬,对后代要担负起精心培养的家庭责任.如何〝治国〞?在中国,如果说〝家庭〞是个小社会,〝国〞则是一个大社会.一般认为,中国前现代是专制的〝人治〞国家,而西方近代则是〝民主〞的〝法治〞国家.我认为,这种说法并不全面,应该说在前现代儒家的理想应是以〝礼法合治〞治国.>曰:〝君子礼以坊德,刑以坊淫,命以坊欲.〞意谓〝礼〞是君子为防止超越道德所设立的界限;如果用〝礼〞不能防止道德败坏,那么就要用〝刑〞来制止为非作歹.祸乱社会的行为;如果〝刑〞还有不足之处,则可以用〝法令〞来补充,以防止社会贪欲横流.可见,〝礼〞〝刑〞〝令〞三者功能不同,但都带有制度性的意义.贾谊政事疏>>中说:〝礼者禁于将然之前,而法者禁于已然之后,是故法之所用易见,而礼之所为生难知也.〞这是说,〝礼〞的作用是要在人们犯错之前就加以防范,而〝法〞是在人们犯错之后加以惩治.〝刑法〞的作用易见成效,而〝礼〞的作用难以立竿见影.这说明,〝礼〞要靠道德教化长期养成,〝法〞是一种外力所加的不得不备之举,不遵守〝礼〞的要求,就叫〝出礼〞(或〝越礼〞),〝出礼〞就会〝入刑〞.所以中国儒家认为〝礼〞和〝法〞有着表里相依的关系.>中说:〝礼节民心,乐和民声,政以行之,刑以防之.礼.乐.政.刑,四达而不悖,则王道备矣.〞〝礼〞的作用是调节人民心之所求,〝乐〞的作用是表达人民追求和谐相处的要求,〝政〞是要求处理〝政务〞顺民情而能行通,〝刑〞是为了防止人民〝出礼〞而〝入刑〞所设立的.我认为,这也许是儒家〝以人为本〞的政治伦理所求.如何〝平天下〞?此句应理解为〝如何使天下平〞.此〝平〞或有三义:〝平〞可作〝和平〞解,如尧对舜说〝协和万邦〞,各邦国和平相处;〝平〞也可作〝平等〞解,如孔子说〝四海之内皆兄弟〞;亦可作〝平安〞解,如〝仁者安仁〞〝老者安之〞〝修己以安人〞.〝天下平〞,包括国与国.民族与民族之间的〝和平〞,也包括〝人〞与〝人〞之间的〝平等〞关系,还包括每个人身心内外的〝平安〞〝安宁〞,这样就真正〝天下太平〞了. (摘编自>,有删节)1.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是(3分)A.〝修身.齐家.治国.平天下〞,其中〝修身〞是基础,而〝政治伦理〞的实现也是以〝道德理想伦理〞的实现为基础的.B.作者认为中国在古代并非纯粹的〝人治〞国家,而是采用〝礼法合治〞方略进行治理的国家.其中,〝礼〞与〝法〞有着表里相依的关系.C.〝礼〞要靠道德教化长期养成,它是君子所设立的防止超越道德的界限,其作用是在人们犯错之前加以防范,但其作用难以立竿见影.D.〝刑〞要在〝礼〞不能防止道德败坏时实施,是在人们犯错之后加以惩治,旨在制止为非作歹.祸乱社会的行为,以防止社会贪欲横流.2.下列关于儒家〝修身.齐家.治国.平天下〞的表述,不符合作者观点的一项是(3分)A.修身,就是要提高自身的道德修养,追求正义和真理,改正错误,从而使自己成长为君子,有〝安身立命〞之所.B.齐家,要把〝孝〞作为家庭伦理的根本,对父母既爱且敬,这种〝爱〞和〝敬〞发乎天性,并不是受外力影响才产生的.C.治国,就是要以人为本,防止人们道德败坏,使人知礼.行礼,而处理政事则要顺应民情,使人民和谐相处.D.平天下,就是要使每个人都身心安泰,使人与人之间平等和谐,使国与国.民族与民族之间和平相处.3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是(3分)A.文章引用>中的内容,旨在说明我国古代是以〝礼法合治〞来治国的.其中的礼.刑.令虽功能不同,但都有制度性的意义.B.贾谊>中的话,是为了说明〝礼〞和〝法〞虽然在作用上有易见和难知的不同,但它们相互依存,没有礼就没有法,没有法就无以行礼.C.文章引用>的〝政以行之,刑以防之〞中两个〝之〞指代内容不相同,前者指民心民情,后者指人民不遵守〝礼〞的行为.D.〝四海之内皆兄弟〞〝仁者安仁〞〝老者安之〞〝修己以安人〞等,主要是为了对〝平〞在传统文化中的意思作解说.二.古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(_分)阅读下面一段文言文,完成4~7题.孔文仲,字经父,临江新喻人.性狷直,寡言笑,少刻苦问学,号博洽.举进士,南省考官吕夏卿,称其词赋赡丽,策论深博,文势似荀卿.杨雄,白主司,擢第一.调..余杭尉.恬介自守,不事请谒.转运使在杭,召与议事,事已,驰归,不诣府.人问之,曰:〝吾于府无事也.〞再转台州推官.熙宁初,翰林学士范镇以制举荐,对策九千余言,力论王安石所建理财.训兵之法为非是.安石怒,启神宗,御批罢归故官.韩维.陈荐.孙永皆力言文仲不当黜,五上章,不听.范镇又言:〝文仲草茅疏远,不识忌讳.且以直言求之,而又罪之,恐为圣明之累.〞亦不听.苏颂叹曰:〝方朝廷求贤如饥渴,有如此人而不见录,岂其论太高而难合邪,言太激而取怨邪?〞吴充为相,欲置之馆阁,又有忌之者,仅得国子直讲.学者方用王氏经义进取,文..仲不习其书,换为三班主簿,出通判保德军.时征西夏,众数十万皆道境上,久不解,.边人厌苦.文仲陈三不便曰大兵未出而丁夫预集河东顾夫劳民而损费诸路出兵首尾不相应虞夏商周之盛未尝无外侮然怀柔制御之要不在彼而在此也.元佑初,哲宗召为秘书省校书郎,进礼部员外郎.有言:〝皇族唯杨.荆二王得称皇叔,余宜各系其祖,若唐人称诸王孙之比.〞文仲曰:〝上新即位,宜广敦睦之义,不应疏间骨肉.〞议遂寝.迁起居舍人,擢左谏议大夫.三年,同知贡举.文仲先有寒疾,及是,昼夜不废职.同院以其形瘵,劝之先出,..或居别寝.谢曰:〝居官则任其责,敢以疾自便乎!〞于是疾益甚,还家而卒,年五十一.士大夫哭之皆失声.苏轼拊其柩曰:〝世方嘉软熟而恶峥嵘,求劲直如吾经父者,今无有矣!〞诏厚恤其家,命弟平仲为江东转运判官,视其葬.(节选自>)4.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(3分)A.文仲陈三不便/曰/大兵未出而丁夫预集河东/顾夫劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛/未尝无外/侮然怀柔制御之要不在彼/而在此也.B.文仲陈三不便曰/大兵未出而丁夫预集/河东顾夫/劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛/未尝无外侮/然怀柔制御之要/不在彼而在此也.C.文仲陈三不便曰/大兵未出而丁夫预集河东/顾夫/劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛/未尝无外/侮然怀柔/制御之要/不在彼而在此也.D.文仲陈三不便/曰大兵未出而丁夫预集/河东顾夫/劳民而损费/诸路出兵/首尾不相应/虞夏商周之盛未尝无外侮/然怀柔制御之要/不在彼而在此也.5.下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是(3分)A.策论古时指议论当前政治问题.向朝廷献策的文章.宋金科举曾用以取士.这里是指孔文仲殿试时的文章.B.馆阁是北宋以后掌管图书.编修国史之官署.宋沿唐制,置〝昭文馆〞.〝史馆〞.〝集贤院〞三馆和〝秘阁〞.〝龙图阁〞等.C.〝贡〞指〝贡士〞,〝古者天子之制,诸侯岁献贡士于天子.〞〝举〞指乡举里选.贡举是指古时地方官府要向帝王荐举人才,后来泛指科举考试.D.军,在这里并不是指军队,而是中国宋代行政区划名.与府.州.监同属于路.6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,正确的一项是(3分)A.孔文仲因词赋赡丽,策论深博,文势似荀卿.杨雄,深得翰林学士范镇赏识,熙宁初,范镇以制举荐,终因得罪王安石而不得重用.B.翰林学士范镇赏识孔文仲的才能,但也一针见血地指出他出身贫贱锋芒毕露的弱点.C.孔文仲在担任国子直讲时,当时学者都研习王氏经义以求仕途,唯独他不学习,结果被贬为保德军通判.D.朝廷为准备与西夏交战,征集数十万丁夫赴边境,孔文仲慷慨陈词,指出兴师动众必然扰民耗材.有不利调度等弊端.7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语(_分)⑴文仲曰:〝上新即位,宜广敦睦之义,不应疏间骨肉.〞议遂寝.译文: ⑵谢曰:〝居官则任其责,敢以疾自便乎!〞译文:(二)古代诗歌阅读(_分)阅读下面这首宋诗,完成8~9题.临江仙鹿虔扆②① 金锁重门荒苑静,绮窗愁对秋空.翠华一去寂无踪,玉楼歌吹,声断已随风.烟月不知人事改,夜阑还照深宫.藕花相向野塘中,暗伤亡国,清露泣香红.篇三:冲刺高考最后一卷冲刺高考最后一卷语文试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分.全卷满分_0分,考试时间_0分钟.第Ⅰ卷(阅读题共66分)一.(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题.①城市文明是一个多维体,从不同的角度进行审视和打量,会呈现不同的维度:在建筑学视野里,一个文明城市首先是空间结构合理.布局和功能完善的城市;在经济学范畴中,一个文明城市就是产业结构优化.经济竞争力和总体实力强盛的城市;在美学界域内,一个文明城市就是各种建筑错落有致.各色景观靓丽怡人的城市;在政治学视角下,一个文明城市就是权力依法运作.治理秩序井然的城市;在伦理学架构中,一个文明城市就是市民讲信修睦.礼让包容的城市;在社会学框架里,一个文明城市就是社会矛盾较少.社会关系和谐的城市.②由于城市是人的集居地,人的现代素质是城市文明的根本载体,所以,城市文明究其本质是市民高超素养的充分彰显,是市民现代素质的集中体现.市民现代素质是指与现代生产力.现代生活方式相适应的人的科学文化素质.思想观念.道德素质.社会心理素质以及其他职业素质及其进步提高的过程.在我国,市民现代素质不仅为城市现代化建设提供精神动力和智力支持,而且市民作为信仰.道德和法律等的载体和实践者,最终还决定着城市现代化的发展目标和方向.从联系和动态的角度看,市民现代素质不仅是城市文明发展的历史积淀,而且成为城市文明进一步发展的杠杆和依托.③当前,市民现代素质问题之所以在文化大发展大繁荣中凸显出来,成为全社会的热点话题,从根本上讲是由城市现代生产力的迅猛演进和城市经济社会体制转轨变型所引发的.城市现代生产力的基本特征是,科学技术知识和现代管理经验在生产力要素中的地位和作用日臻显要,科技知识渗透于生产要素和营销过程,物化成第一生产力.而现代管理知识与经验则成为凝聚整合生产力要素.实现社会生产力的关键性因素,劳动者和经营者的素质越来越决定城市经济发展方式的转变.城市社会化程度越来越高的大生产,需要相应地建立起一整套现代管理制度和运行规则,所有这一切都对城市中的人的综合素质提出越来越高的要求.而提高城市人的综合素质与高度集中统一的传统计划经济体制是格格不入的,只有建立完善社会主义市场经济体制,才能为实现人的素质由传统向现代的转变创造客观条件.④现代城市文明程度取决于城市居民的精神文化素质.不难见到现代城市人中那种具有文化而独缺少〝文明〞的人,这类人一切时髦的东西都追逐过,一切〝新〞的时尚也了然于心,然而却似乎丢掉了作为现代人的根本,即生命中最朴素.最简单的元素,因而丧失了心性.公正.理想的人不能称之为现代城市人,甚至不能称为真正意义上的文化人.(选自刘金祥>)1.下列关于〝市民现代素质〞的表述正确的一项是()(3分)A.市民现代素质之所以是城市文明的根本载体,是因为城市文明是市民现代素质的充分彰显和集中体现.B.市民现代素质只要与现代生产力.现代生活方式相适应,就能成为城市文明进一步发展的杠杆和依托.C.作为道德.法律等载体和实践者的市民,能决定城市的发展目标和方向,,这是由我国的国情所决定的.D.市民现代素质问题成为当前全社会的热点话题,与城市生产力发展和城市经济社会体制转型有很大关系.。
吉林省实验中学高三物理上学期第二次模拟考试试题(含解析)
吉林省实验中学2015届高三年级上学期第二次模拟考试【试卷综析】本试卷是高三模拟试题,包含了高中物理的必修一、必修二等内容,主要包含受力分析、物体的平衡、匀变速直线运动规律、牛顿运动定律、运动的合成和分解、万有引力定律及其应用、动能定理、电场等内容,在考查问题上以基本定义、基本规律为主,重视生素养的考查,注重主干知识,兼顾覆盖面。
二、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题6分.第14-18题单选,第19、20、21题多选。
全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
14. 两人的拔河比赛正在进行中,两人均保持恒定拉力且不松手,而脚下开始移动。
下列说法正确的是()A.两人对绳的拉力大小相等,方向相反。
是一对作用力和反作用力B .两人对绳的拉力是一对平衡力C.拔河的胜利取决于谁的力量大D.拔河的胜利取决于地面对人的摩擦力大小【知识点】摩擦力大小的影响因素平衡力.B2B4【答案解析】D解析:A、两人对绳的拉力不是相互作用,不是作用力和反作用力,A错误;B、因为脚下开始移动,故绳子受力合外力不为零,故不是一对平衡力,B错误;C、因为物体间力的作用是相互的,对于拔河的两个队,甲对乙施加了多大拉力,乙对甲也同时产生一样大小的拉力,故C错误;D、双方之间的拉力并不是决定胜负的因素,而是取决于地面对人的摩擦力大小,故D正确.故选D.【思路点拨】物体间力的作用是相互的,当物体甲给物体乙一个作用力时,物体乙必然同时给物体甲一个反作用力,拔河比赛中,靠的是受到地面摩擦力的大小.因为他们之间力的作用是相互的,作用力和反作用力大小相等,方向相反,同时存在同时消失.【题文】15. 将一个小球斜向上抛出,小球在空中依次飞过三个完全相同的窗户1、2、3.图中曲线为小球在空中运动的轨迹.若不计空气阻力的影响,以下说法正确的是()A.小球通过第1个窗户所用的时间最长B.小球通过第1个窗户重力做的功最大C.小球通过第3个窗户重力的平均功率最小D.小球通过第3个窗户的平均速度最大【知识点】运动的合成和分解;功的计算;功率、平均功率和瞬时功率.D1E1【答案解析】C解析:A、苹果在竖直方向上做匀减速直线运动,速度越来越小,1、2、3个窗户的高度一样,∴苹果通过三个窗户所用的时间越来越长,那么苹果通过第1个窗户所用的时间最短,因此,A 选项错误.B 、、苹果通过三个窗户时的竖直位移h 一样,由功的公式W=mgh 知通过三个窗户重力做功一样多,∴选项B 错误.C 苹果通过三个窗户时重力做功一样多,第三个窗户通过的时间长,由平均功率公式P= W t 知苹果通过第3个窗户重力的平均功率最小,故C 正确D 、设通过窗户的位移与水平方向的夹角为θ,窗户高h ,水平速度vx ,则通过窗户的位移为sin h θ,通过窗户的水平位移为tan h θ,通过窗户的平均速度为:cos xv v θ=,由1到3窗户θ变小,cosθ变大,vx 不变,平均速度变小,∴D 选项错误.故选:C .【思路点拨】苹果做斜向上抛体运动,利用运动分解的思想可分解为:水平方向的匀速直线运动,竖直方向的匀减速直线运动,在竖直方向运动速度越来越小,但窗户的高度一样,因此时间越来越长,然后分别选用平均速度公式、功的公式、平均功率公式分析判断.【题文】16. 如图所示, 固定在水平地面上的倾角为θ的粗糙斜面上, 有一根水平放在斜面上的导体棒,通有垂直纸面向外的电流,导体棒保持静止 .现在空间中加上竖直向下的匀强磁场,导体棒仍静止不动, 则( )A.导体棒受到的合力一定增大B.导体棒一定受4个力的作用C.导体棒对斜面的压力一定增大D.导体棒所受的摩擦力一定增大【知识点】安培力;共点力平衡的条件及其应用.K1B4【答案解析】C 解析:分析导体棒的受力情况:导体棒在匀强磁场中受到重力mg 、安培力F 和斜面的支持力N ,摩擦力未知,且静止,若mgsinθ=BILcosθ,则物体不受摩擦力,若mgsinθ>BILcosθ,则物体受4个力,摩擦力向下,且可能增大,若mgsinθ<BILcosθ,则摩擦力向上,但无论什么情况,导体棒对斜面的压力一定增大,为N=mgcosθ+ BILsinθ,故ABD 错误,C 正确:故选C.【思路点拨】导体棒在匀强磁场中受到重力、安培力和斜面的支持力,根据导体棒释放后可能的状态分析各力之间的关系.【题文】17.如图所示,质量为10kg 的物体A 拴在一个被水平拉伸的弹簧一端,弹簧的拉力为5N 时,物体A 和小车均处于静止状态.若小车以1m/s2的加速度向右运动后,则(g=10m/s2)A .物体A 相对小车向左运动B .物体A 受到的摩擦力减小C .物体A 受到的摩擦力大小不变D .物体A 受到的弹簧拉力增大【知识点】摩擦力的判断与计算;牛顿第二定律.B2C2【答案解析】C 解析:A .由题意得知:物体A 与平板车的上表面间的最大静摩擦力Fm≥5N .若小车加速度为1m/s2时,F 合=ma=10N ,可知此时平板车对物体A 的摩擦力为5N ,方向向右,且为静摩擦力,所以物体A 相对于车仍然静止,故A 错误B .F 合=ma=10N ,此时平板车对物体A 的摩擦力为5N ,方向向右,故B 错误;C .F 合=ma=10N ,此时平板车对物体A 的摩擦力为5N ,方向向右,大小不变.故C 正确;D .物体A 相对于车仍然静止,则受到的弹簧的拉力大小不变,故D 错误.故选C .【思路点拨】由题,当弹簧的拉力为5N 时,物体A 处于静止状态,此时物体A 受到的摩擦力大小为5N ,方向水平向左,所以物体A 与平板车的上表面间的最大静摩擦力Fmax≥5N .当物体向右的加速度为1m/s2时,F=ma=10N ,可知此时平板车对物体A 的摩擦力为5N ,方向向右,且为静摩擦力.所以物体A 相对于车仍然静止,受到的弹簧的拉力大小不变.【题文】18.如图所示,长为L 的直棒一端可绕固定轴O 转动,另一端搁在水平升降台上,升降平台以速度v 匀速上升,当棒与竖直方向的夹角为θ时,棒的角速度为( )A.L v θsinB. θcos L vC.L v θcosD. θsin L v【知识点】线速度、角速度和周期、转速;运动的合成和分解.D1D4【答案解析】D 解析:棒与平台接触点的实际运动即合运动方向是垂直于棒指向左上,如图所示,合速度v 实=ωL ,沿竖直向上方向上的速度分量等于v ,即ωLsin θ=v ,所以ω= sinVL .所以ABC均错,D正确.故选D.【思路点拨】应清楚棒与平台接触点的实际运动即合运动方向是垂直于棒指向左上,竖直向上是它的一个分速度,把速度分解,根据三角形知识求解.【题文】19.如图甲所示,在x轴上有一个点电荷Q(图中未画出),O、A、B为轴上三点。
【数学】吉林省吉林市第一实验中学2015届高三第二次模拟考试(文)
吉林省吉林市第一实验中学2015届高三第二次模拟考试(文)第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本大题共12题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.设全集{}1,2,3,4U =,集合{}1,2,4A =,{}2,3,4B =,则()U C A B =A. {}2,4B. ∅C. {}1,2,3,4D.{}1,3 【知识点】集合的交集、补集的运算 【答案解析】D {}2,4A B =,所以(){}1,3.U C A B =【思路点拨】先求出AB ,再求关于U 的补集.2.已知i 为虚数单位,则复数 A .i -B .iC .1i +D .1i -【知识点】复数的除法运算【答案解析】B【思路点拨】先分母实数化,再利用21i =-简化运算. 3.若R y ,x ∈,则1≤y ,x 是122≤+y x 成立的 A .必要而不充分条件 B .充分而不必要条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件【知识点】充分必要条件的判断【答案解析】A 122≤+y x 推得1≤y ,x ,所以1≤y ,x 是122≤+y x 成立的必要而不充分条件.【思路点拨】 考虑1≤y ,x 条件下取负数和122≤+y x 表示的区域即可.4.下列函数中,在定义域内既是奇函数又为增函数的是A.1()2xy =B.sin y x =C.3y x =D.12log y x =【知识点】函数的单调性和奇偶性的判断【答案解析】C 由奇函数条件排除A,D ,而sin y x =单调性周期性变化,排除B. 【思路点拨】四个函数均为熟悉的函数,记住图象就能迅速判断.5.已知1||=a ,2||=b ,向量a 与b的夹角为60,则=+||b aABC .1D .2【知识点】向量的夹角、向量的模的运算 【答案解析】B ()2|52cos 607.a b a ba b ︒+=+=+=【思路点拨】利用2a a =和数量积运算公式可得.6AB .3CD 【知识点】双曲线方程及其离心率的运算【答案解析】C2c e a ==== 【思路点拨】根据焦点坐标的位置确定相应的,,.a b c 注意c e a ===运算方式的选择.7.已知曲线23ln 4x y x =-的一条切线的斜率为12-,则切点的横坐标为A .3B .2C .1D .12【知识点】导数的意义与切线 【答案解析】 B00x >0 2.x =【思路点拨】函数23ln 4x y x =-求导后代入切点横坐标即为过该点切线的斜率.8.等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且336,0S a ==,则公差d 等于A .-1B .1C .2D .-2【知识点】等差数列的性质【答案解析】D 2236,2,02 2.a a d ===-=- 【思路点拨】1322a a a +=这一性质使解答更为快捷. 9.某程序框图如下图所示,该程序运行后输出的S 的值是 A .-3 B .-12 C . 13 D . 2【知识点】程序框图的识别与判断【答案解析】B 研究数对(),i S 的规律,不难发现运算结果如下:()()()111,32,3,4,25,3...23⎛⎫⎛⎫-→-→→→-→ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭显然由201450342=⨯+得最终输出的结果为12-. 【思路点拨】由11SS +-这一结构可以联想到周期性运算,从而通过判断周期解决.10.若函数()()()()2,12log 1aa a x x f x x x ⎧--<⎪=⎨⎪≥⎩在(),-∞+∞上单调递增,则实数a 的取值范 围是 A .()1,2B .4(1,]3 C .4[,2)3D .()0,1【知识点】对数函数的性质,分段函数的单调性判断【答案解析】C 易知20,a ->且1a >.又直线()22a y a x =--过定点1,12⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭, 所以对于直线()22a y a x =--,满足()2102a a -⨯-≤即可,所以43a ≥.综上可知,a 的取值范围是4[,2)3.【思路点拨】分段函数整体递增,则在每段上必递增,这样确定了参数a 的大致范围,然后寻找两段函数的“结合点”,利用数形结合思想来确定.11.若不等式1a -≥2x y +,对满足225x y +=的一切实数,x y 恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是A .44a -≤≤B .46a -≤≤C .6a ≥或4a ≤-D .6a ≥或6a ≤- 【知识点】可转化为线性规划的不等式恒成立问题【答案解析】C 由1a -≥2x y +对满足225x y +=的一切实数,x y 恒成立这一条件可知求出2x y +的最大值,让1a -大于或等于该最大值即可. 设2z x y =+,=得5z =,所以()max 25x y +=,解不等式15a -≥得6a ≥或 4.a ≤-【思路点拨】研究2x y +的最大值是解决问题的关键,这一目标需结合线性规划、与圆有关的数形结合知识来解决.12A . 1B . 0 CD【知识点】正切函数的图象和性质【答案解析】C 由图象可得8238ππωϕπωϕπ⎧⨯+=⎪⎪⎨⎪⨯+=⎪⎩,解得2,,4πωϕ==代入()0,1得1,A =所以xy1O()tan(2)4f x x π=+【思路点拨】依据图象特点确定2,,4πωϕ==注意图象中的特殊点的作用。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试7.下列说法不正确...的是()A.12C、13C、14C 为碳元素的三种核素。
元素周期表中碳的相对原子质量为12.01,说明自然界中的碳主要以12C的核素形式存在。
14C为放射性核素,可用于同位素示踪B.汽车尾气催化转化装置可将尾气中的NO和CO等有害气体转化为N2和CO2,该装置中的催化剂可降低NO和CO反应的活化能,有利于提高该反应的平衡转化率C.能量是可以互相转化的。
植物的光合作用可将太阳能转变成化学能,单晶硅可将光能转变成电能。
原电池和电解池可实现化学能和电能的相互转化D.乳酸分子中既有羟基又有羧基,因此可在一定条件下缩聚得到聚乳酸(PLA)。
该高分子化合物是一种可降解的环保材料8.对可逆反应N 2 (g)+3H2(g) 2 NH3(g) △H=-92.4 kJ·mol-1,下列叙述正确的是()A.达到化学平衡时,若增加容器体积,则正反应速率减小,逆反应速率增大B.若单位时间内生成x mol N2的同时,消耗2x molNH3,则反应达到平衡状态C.达到化学平衡时,2v正(H2)=3v逆(NH3)D.加入催化剂,正反应速率增大,逆反应速率不变9.下列有关离子方程式与所述事实相符且正确的是()A. 用惰性电极电解CuCl2溶液:2Cu2++2H2O4H++O2↑+2CuB.Ba(OH)2溶液中滴加NaHSO4溶液至中性:Ba2++OH-+H++SO2-4= BaSO4↓+H2OC.氯气和水的反应:Cl2+H2O=2H++Cl-+ClO-D.用双氧水和稀硫酸处理印刷电路板:Cu + H2O2 + 2H+ = Cu2+ + 2H2O10.下列说法正确的是()A.实验过程中若皮肤不慎沾上少量酸液,应先用大量水冲洗,再用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗,最后再用水冲洗B.用pH试纸测定溶液pH时,通常是将pH试纸放入待测溶液中润湿后,半分钟内跟标准比色卡比较C.重结晶是提纯固体的常用方法,碘单质亦可在水溶液中通过重结晶提纯D.用丁达尔现象可鉴别蛋白质溶液、淀粉溶液和葡萄糖溶液11.短周期主族元素A、B、C、D、E的原子序数依次增大,其中A与C同主族,A与其它元素不在同一周期,B与D同主族,常温下D的单质为淡黄色固体。
【2015长春二模】吉林省长春市普通高中2015届高三质量监测(二)数学(理)试题 Word版含答案
长春市普通高中2015届高三质量监测(二)数 学(理 科)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1、已知集合{}0x x P =≥,1Q 02x x x ⎧+⎫=≥⎨⎬-⎩⎭,则()RQ P=ð( )A .(),2-∞B .(],1-∞-C .()1,0-D .[]0,2 2、复数12ii--的共轭复数对应的点位于( ) A .第一象限 B .第二象限 C .第三象限 D .第四象限 3、已知随机变量ξ服从正态分布()21,σN ,若()20.15ξP >=,则()01ξP ≤≤=( )A .0.85 B .0.70 C .0.35 D .0.15 4、已知:p 函数()f x x a =+在(),1-∞-上是单调函数,:q 函数()()log 1a g x x =+(0a >且1a ≠)在()1,-+∞上是增函数,则p ⌝成立是q 成立的( ) A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件5、若x ,y 满足约束条件5315153x y y x x y +≤⎧⎪≤+⎨⎪-≤⎩,则35x y +的取值范围是( )A .[]13,15-B .[]13,17-C .[]11,15-D .[]11,17- 6、一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为( ) A .163 B .203 C .152 D .1327、已知平面向量a ,b 满足3a =,2b =,3a b ⋅=-,则2a b +=( ) A .1BC .4+D .8、下面左图是某学习小组学生数学考试成绩的茎叶图,1号到16号同学的成绩依次为1A 、2A 、⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅、16A ,右图是统计茎叶图中成绩在一定范围内的学生人数的算法流程图,那么该算法流程图输出的结果是( )A .6B .10C .91D .929、已知函数()1cos cos 22f x x x x =+,若将其图象向右平移ϕ(0ϕ>)个单位后所得的图象关于原点对称,则ϕ的最小值为( )A .6π B .56π C .12π D .512π10、设m ,R n ∈,若直线()()1120m x n y +++-=与圆()()22111x y -+-=相切,则m n +的取值范围是( )A .(),2222,⎡-∞-++∞⎣ B .(),22,⎡-∞-+∞⎣C .22⎡-+⎣D .(][),22,-∞-+∞11、若()F ,0c 是双曲线22221x y a b-=(0a b >>)的右焦点,过F 作该双曲线一条渐近线的垂线与两条渐近线交于A ,B 两点,O 为坐标原点,∆OAB 的面积为2127a ,则该双曲线的离心率e =( )A .53B .43C .54D .8512、设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且121a a ==,(){}2n n nS n a ++为等差数列,则n a =( )A .12n n - B .1121n n -++ C .2121n n -- D .112n n ++ 二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.)13、62x ⎛- ⎝的展开式中常数项为 .14、已知0a >且曲线y =x a =与0y =所围成的封闭区域的面积为2a ,则a = .15、正四面体CD AB 的外接球半径为2,过棱AB 作该球的截面,则截面面积的最小值为 .16、已知函数()f x 为偶函数且()()4f x f x =-,又()235,01222,12x x x x x f x x -⎧--+≤≤⎪=⎨⎪+<≤⎩,函数()12xg x a ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,若()()()F x f x g x =-恰好有4个零点,则a 的取值范围是 .三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.) 17、(本小题满分12分)在C ∆AB 中,tan 2A =,tan 3B =. ()1求角C 的值;()2设AB =C A .18、(本小题满分12分)根据某电子商务平台的调查统计显示,参与调查的1000位上网购物者的年龄情况如下图显示.()1已知[)30,40、[)40,50、[)50,60三个年龄段的上网购物者人数成等差数列,求a ,b 的值;()2该电子商务平台将年龄在[)30,50之间的人群定义为高消费人群,其他的年龄段定义为潜在消费人群,为了鼓励潜在消费人群的消费,该平台决定发放代金券,高消费人群每人发放50元的代金券,潜在消费人群每人发放100元的代金券,现采用分层抽样的方式从参与调查的1000位上网购物者中抽取10人,并在这10人中随机抽取3人进行回访,求此三人获得代金券总和X 的分布列与数学期望.19、(本小题满分12分)如图,在四棱锥CD P -AB 中,PA ⊥平面CD AB ,D 2PA =AB =A =,四边形CD AB 满足D AB ⊥A ,C//D B A 且C 4B =,点M 为CP 中点,点E 为C B 边上的动点,且CλBE=E . ()1求证:平面D A M ⊥平面C PB ;()2是否存在实数λ,使得二面角D P -E -B 的余弦值为23?若存在,试求出实数λ的值;若不存在,说明理由.20、(本小题满分12分)在C ∆AB 中,顶点()1,0B -,()C 1,0,G 、I 分别是C ∆AB 的重心和内心,且G//C I B . ()1求顶点A 的轨迹M 的方程;()2过点C 的直线交曲线M 于P 、Q 两点,H 是直线4x =上一点,设直线C H 、PH 、Q H 的斜率分别为1k ,2k ,3k ,试比较12k 与23k k +的大小,并加以证明.21、(本小题满分12分)设函数()()()1ln 1f x ax x bx =-+-,其中a 和b 是实数,曲线()y f x =恒与x 轴相切于坐标原点.()1求常数b 的值;()2当01x ≤≤时,关于x 的不等式()0f x ≥恒成立,求实数a 的取值范围;()3求证:10000.41000.5100011001100001000e ⎛⎫⎛⎫<< ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分. 22、(本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何证明选讲如图,过点P 作圆O 的割线PBA 与切线PE ,E 为切点,连接AE ,BE ,∠APE 的平分线与AE ,BE 分别交于点C ,D ,其中30∠AEB =.()1求证:D DD CE PB P ⋅=B PA P ; ()2求C ∠P E 的大小.23、(本小题满分10分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程在直角坐标系x y O 中,曲线1C的参数方程为21x y ⎧=⎪⎨=-+⎪⎩(t 为参数),以原点O 为极点,以x 轴正半轴为极轴,建立极坐标系,曲线2C 的极坐标方程为ρ=. ()1求曲线1C 的普通方程与曲线2C 的直角坐标方程;()2试判断曲线1C 与2C 是否存在两个交点,若存在,求出两交点间的距离;若不存在,说明理由. 24、(本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲 设函数()212f x x x a a =++-+,R x ∈.()1当3a =时,求不等式()7f x >的解集;()2对任意R x ∈恒有()3f x ≥,求实数a 的取值范围.长春市普通高中2015届高三质量监测(二)数学(理科)参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(本大题包括12小题,每小题5分,共60分)1.D2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D7.B8.B9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A 简答与提示:1. 【命题意图】本题主要考查集合交集与补集的运算,属于基础题.【试题解析】D 由题意可知{|1Q x x =-≤或2}x >,则{|12}Q x x =-<≤R ð,所以{|02}P Q x x =≤≤R ð. 故选D.2. 【命题意图】本题考查复数的除法运算,以及复平面上的点与复数的关系,属于基础题.【试题解析】A131255i i i -=--,所以其共轭复数为3155i +. 故选A. 3. 【命题意图】本题考查正态分布的概念,属于基础题,要求学生对统计学原理有全面的认识.【试题解析】C (01)(12)0.5(2)0.35P P P ξξξ==->=≤≤≤≤. 故选C. 4. 【命题意图】本题借助不等式来考查命题逻辑,属于基础题.【试题解析】C 由p 成立,则1a ≤,由q 成立,则1a >,所以p ⌝成立时1a >是q 的充要条件.故选C.5. 【命题意图】本题主要考查线性规划,是书中的原题改编,要求学生有一定的运算能力.【试题解析】D由题意可知,35x y +在(2,1)--处取得最小值,在35(,)22处取得最大值,即35[11,17]x y +∈-.故选D.6. 【命题意图】本题通过正方体的三视图来考查组合体体积的求法,对学生运算求解能力有一定要求.【试题解析】D 该几何体可视为正方体截去两个三棱锥,所以其体积为41138362--=. 故选D.7. 【命题意图】本题考查向量模的运算.【试题解析】B |2|+==a b 故选B.8. 【命题意图】本题考查学生对茎叶图的认识,通过统计学知识考查程序流程图的认识,是一道综合题.【试题解析】B 由算法流程图可知,其统计的是数学成绩大于等于90的人数,所以由茎叶图知:数学成绩大于等于90的人数为10,因此输出结果为10. 故选B. 9. 【命题意图】本题主要考查三角函数的图像和性质,属于基础题.【试题解析】C由题意()sin(2)6f x x π=+,将其图像向右平移ϕ(0)ϕ>个单位后解析式为()sin[2()]6f x x πϕ=-+,则26k πϕπ-=,即212k ππϕ=+()k ∈N ,所以ϕ的最小值为12π. 故选C.10. 【命题意图】本题借助基本不等式考查点到直线的距离,属于中档题.【试题解析】A由直线与圆相切可知||m n +=1mn m n =++,由2()2m n mn +≤可知211()4m n m n ++≤+,解得(,2[222,)m n +∈-∞-++∞. 故选A.11. 【命题意图】本题主要考查双曲线的几何性质,结合着较大的运算量,属于难题.【试题解析】C 由题可知,过I 、III 象限的渐近线的倾斜角为θ,则tan b aθ=,222tan 2aba b θ=-,因此△OAB 的面积可以表示为3222112tan 227a b a a a a b θ⋅⋅==-,解得34b a =,则54e =. 故选C. 12. 【命题意图】本题是最近热点的复杂数列问题,属于难题.【试题解析】A 设(2)n n n b nS n a =++,有14b =,28b =,则4n b n =,即(2)4n n n b nS n a n =++=当2n ≥时,1122(1)(1)01n n n n S S a a nn ---++-+=- 所以12(1)11n n n n a a n n -++=-,即121n n a a n n -⋅=-,所以{}n a n 是以12为公比,1为首项的等比数列,所以11()2n n a n -=,12n n na -=. 故选A.二、填空题(本大题包括4小题,每小题5分,共20分) 13.60 14.49 15.83π 16.192,8⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭简答与提示:13. 【命题意图】本题主要考查二项式定理的有关知识,属于基础题.【试题解析】由题意可知常数项为2246(2)(60C x =. 14. 【命题意图】本题考查定积分的几何意义及微积分基本定理,属于基础题.【试题解析】由题意322023aa x ==⎰,所以49a =.15. 【命题意图】球的内接几何体问题是高考热点问题,本题通过求球的截面面积,对考生的空间想象能力及运算求解能力进行考查,具有一定难度.【试题解析】由题意,面积最小的截面是以AB 为直径,可求得AB =,进而截面面积的最小值为283ππ=.16. 【命题意图】本题主要考查数形结合以及函数的零点与交点的相关问题,需要学生对图像进行理解,对学生的能力提出很高要求,属于难题.【试题解析】由题意可知()f x 是周期为4的偶函数,对称轴为直线2x =. 若()F x 恰有4个零点,有(1)(1)(3)(3)g f g f >⎧⎨<⎩,解得19(2,)8a ∈.17. (本小题满分12分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查两角和的正切公式,以及同角三角函数的应用,并借助正弦定理考查边角关系的运算,对考生的化归与转化能力有较高要求.【试题解析】解:(1) +,tan tan()A B C C A B π+=∴=-+ (3分)tan 2,tan 3,tan 1,4A B C C π==∴=∴=(6分)(2)因为tan 3B =sin 3sin 3cos cos BB B B⇒=⇒=,而22sin cos 1B B +=,且B 为锐角,可求得sin B =. (9分)所以在△ABC中,由正弦定理得,sin sin AB AC B C =⨯=.(12分)18. (本小题满分12分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查统计与概率的相关知识、离散型随机变量的分布列以及数学期望的求法. 本题主要考查数据处理能力. 【试题解析】(1)由图可知0.035a =,0.025b =. (4分)(2) 利用分层抽样从样本中抽取10人,其中属于高消费人群的为6人,属于潜在消费人群的为4人. (6分) 从中取出三人,并计算三人所获得代金券的总和X , 则X 的所有可能取值为:150,200,250,300.363101(150)6C P X C ===, 21643101(200)2C C P X C ===,12643103(250)10C C P X C ===, 343101(300)30C P X C ===, (10分) 且1131150200250300210621030EX =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=.(12分)19. (本小题满分12分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查立体几何的相关知识,具体涉及到线面以及面面的垂直关系、二面角的求法及空间向量在立体几何中的应用. 本小题对考生的空间想象能力与运算求解能力有较高要求.【试题解析】解:(1) 取PB 中点N ,连结MN 、AN ,M 是PC 中点,1//,22MN BC MN BC ∴==, 又//BC AD ,//,MN AD MN AD ∴=,∴四边形ADMN 为平行四边形 ,AP AD AB AD ⊥⊥,AD ∴⊥平面PAB ,AD AN ∴⊥,AN MN ∴⊥ AP AB =,AN PB ∴⊥,AN ∴⊥平面PBC , AN ⊂平面ADM ,∴平面ADM ⊥平面PBC . (6分)(2) 存在符合条件的λ.以A 为原点,AB 方向为x 轴,AD 方向为y 轴,AP 方向为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系A xyz -,设(2,,0)E t ,(0,0,2)P ,(0,2,0)D ,(2,0,0)B 从而(0,2,2)PD =-,(2,2,0)DE t =-,则平面PDE 的法向量为1(2,2,2)n t =-, 又平面DEB 即为xAy 平面,其法向量2(0,0,1)n =,则1212122cos ,3||||(2n n n n n n ⋅<>===⋅,解得3t =或1t =,进而3λ=或13λ=. (12分)20. (本小题满分12分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查直线与圆锥曲线的综合应用能力,具体涉及到轨迹方程的求法,椭圆方程的求法、直线与圆锥曲线的相关知识. 本小题对考生的化归与转化思想、运算求解能力都有很高要求.【试题解析】解:(1) 已知11(||||||)||||22ABC A S AB AC BC r BC y ∆=++⋅=⋅,且||2BC =,||3A y r =,其中r 为内切圆半径,化简得:||||4AB AC +=,顶点A 的轨迹是以B C 、为焦点,长轴长为4的椭圆(去掉长轴端点),其中2,1,a c b ===进而其方程为22143x y +=(0)y ≠.(5分)(2) 1232k k k =+,以下进行证明:当直线PQ 斜率存在时,设直线:(1)PQ y k x =-且11(,)P x y ,22(,)Q x y ,(4,)H m联立22143(1)x y y k x ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩可得2122834k x x k +=+,212241234k x x k -=+. (8分)由题意:13mk =,1214y m k x -=-,2324y m k x -=-.11212312()(4)()(4)(4)(4)y m x y m x k k x x --+--+=-- 21212121212882(5)()2424224()1636363m k kx x m k x x mk m mk x x x x k ++-+++====-+++ 当直线PQ 斜率不存在时,33(1,),(1,)22P Q -,231332222333m m m k k k -++=+== 综上可得1232k k k =+. (12分)21. (本小题满分12分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查函数与导数的综合应用能力,具体涉及到用导数来描述原函数的单调性、极值以及函数零点的情况. 本小题对考生的逻辑推理能力与运算求解有较高要求.【试题解析】解:(1) 对()f x 求导得:1()ln(1)1axf x a x b x-'=-++-+,根据条件知(0)0f '=,所以101b b -=⇒=. (3分)(2) 由(1)得()(1)ln(1)f x ax x x =-+-,01x ≤≤1()ln(1)11axf x a x x-'=-++-+ 22(1)(1)21()1(1)(1)a a x ax ax a f x x x x -+--++''=-+=-+++. ① 当12a ≤-时,由于01x ≤≤,有221()()0(1)a a x a f x x ++''=-≥+,于是()f x '在[0,1]上单调递增,从而()(0)0f x f ''≥=,因此()f x 在[0,1]上单调递增,即()(0)0f x f ≥=而且仅有(0)0f =;②当0a ≥时,由于01x ≤≤,有221()0(1)ax a f x x ++''=-<+,于是()f x '在[0,1]上单调递减,从而()(0)0f x f ''≤=,因此()f x 在[0,1]上单调递减,即()(0)0f x f ≤=而且仅有(0)0f =;③当102a -<<时,令21min{1,}a m a+=-,当0x m ≤≤时,221()()0(1)a a x a f x x ++''=-≤+,于是()f x '在[0,]m 上单调递减,从而()(0)0f x f ''≤=,因此()f x 在[0,]m 上单调递减,即()(0)0f x f ≤=而且仅有(0)0f =.综上可知,所求实数a 的取值范围是1(,]2-∞-. (8分)(3) 对要证明的不等式等价变形如下:2110000100010000.41000.55210001100111()()(1)(1)100001000100001000e e ++<<⇔+<<+ 所以可以考虑证明:对于任意的正整数n ,不等式215211(1)(1)n n e n n+++<<+恒成立. 并且继续作如下等价变形2152112111(1)(1)()ln(1)1()ln(1)52n n e n n n n n n+++<<+⇔++<<++211(1)ln(1)0()5111(1)ln(1)0()2p n n n q n n n ⎧++-<⎪⎪⇔⎨⎪++->⎪⎩对于()p 相当于(2)中21(,0)52a =-∈-,12m =情形,有()f x 在1[0,]2上单调递减,即()(0)0f x f ≤=而且仅有(0)0f =.取1x n =,当2n ≥时,211(1)ln(1)05n n n++-<成立;当1n =时,277(1)ln 21ln 210.710555+-=-<⨯-<.从而对于任意正整数n 都有211(1)ln(1)05n n n++-<成立.对于()q 相当于(2)中12a =-情形,对于任意x ∈[0,1],恒有()0f x ≥而且仅有(0)0f =. 取1x n =,得:对于任意正整数n 都有111(1)ln(1)02n n n ++->成立. 因此对于任意正整数n ,不等式215211(1)(1)n n e n n +++<<+恒成立. 这样依据不等式215211(1)(1)n n e n n +++<<+,再令10000n =利用左边,令1000n = 利用右边,即可得到10000.41000.5100011001()()100001000e <<成立. (12分)22. (本小题满分10分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查平面几何的证明,具体涉及到弦切角定理以及三角形 相似等内容. 本小题重点考查考生对平面几何推理能力.【试题解析】解:(1) 由题意可知,EPC APC ∠=∠,PEB PAC ∠=∠,则△PED ∽△PAC ,则PE PD PA PC =,又PE ED PB BD =,则ED PB PD BD PA PC⋅=. (5分) (2) 由EPC APC ∠=∠,PEB PAC ∠=∠,可得CDE ECD ∠=∠,在△ECD 中,30CED ∠=,可知75PCE ∠=. (10分) 23. (本小题满分10分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查极坐标系与参数方程的相关知识,具体涉及到极坐标方程与平面直角坐标方程的互化、利用直线的参数方程的几何意义求解直线与曲线交点的距离等内容. 本小题考查考生的方程思想与数形结合思想,对运算求解能力有一定要求.【试题解析】解:(1) 对于曲线1C 有1x y +=,对于曲线2C 有2214x y +=.(5分) (2) 显然曲线1C :1x y +=为直线,则其参数方程可写为21x y ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩(为参数)与曲线2C :2214x y +=联立,可知0∆>,所以1C 与2C 存在两个交点,由12t t +=,1285t t =,得21||d t t =-==. (10分) 24. (本小题满分10分)【命题意图】本小题主要考查不等式的相关知识,具体涉及绝对值不等式及不等式证明等内容. 本小题重点考查考生的化归与转化思想.【试题解析】解:(1)当3a =时,()174,2135,22341,2x x f x x x x ⎧-≤⎪⎪⎪=<<⎨⎪⎪-≥⎪⎩所以()7f x >的解集为{}02x x x <>或 (5分)(2)()2122121f x x a x a x a x a a a =-+-+≥-+-+=-+由()3f x ≥恒成立,有13a a -+≥,解得2a ≥所以a 的取值范围是[)2,+∞ (10分)。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三第二次模拟考试数学(理)试题
吉林省试验中学2015届高三年级第二次模拟考试数学学科(理科)【试卷综析】本试卷是高三理科试卷,以基础知识和基本技能为载体,以能力测试为主导,在注重考查学科核心知识的同时,突出考查考纲要求的基本能力,重视学生科学素养的考查.知识考查注重基础、注重常规、注重主干知识,兼顾覆盖面.试题重点考查:不等式、函数的性质及图象、三角函数、解三角形、数列、平面向量、立体几何、导数的应用、直线与圆、圆锥曲线、复数、集合、几何证明、参数方程极坐标、绝对值不等式等;考查学生解决实际问题的综合能力,是份较好的试卷.【题文】一.选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的【题文】1.已知全集U=R ,{}20M x x x =->,1N 0x x x ⎧-⎫=<⎨⎬⎩⎭,则有( ) A.MN R = B.MN =∅ C.U C N M = D.U C N N ⊆【知识点】集合的运算A1【答案】【解析】B解析:因为{}{}200M x x x x x =->=<>1或x ,{}1N=001x x x x x -⎧⎫<=<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,所以M N =∅,则选B.【思路点拨】遇到不等式的解构成的集合,一般先对不等式求解,再进行运算. 【题文】2.若复数z 满足(3-4i)z=43i +,则z 的虚部为( ) A.-4 C.45-B.4 D.45【知识点】复数的运算L4【答案】【解析】D解析:因为(3-4i)z=43i +=5,所以5343455z i i ==+-,则z 的虚部为45,所以选D. 【思路点拨】可利用复数的运算法则直接计算出复数z ,再判断其虚部即可. 【题文】3. "等式sin()sin 2αγβ+=成立"是",,αβγ成等差数列 "的( )条件 A.充分而不必要 B.必要而不充分C.充分必要D.既不充分又不必要 【知识点】等差数列 充分、必要条件A2 D2 【答案】【解析】B 解析: 显然当α+γ=6π,2β=56π时,等式sin()sin 2αγβ+=成立,但α,β,γ不成等差数列,所以充分性不满足,若α,β,γ成等差数列,则α+γ=2β,显然等式sin()sin 2αγβ+=成立,所以必要性满足,则选B.【思路点拨】判断充分必要条件时,应先分清命题的条件与结论,由条件能推出结论,则充分性满足,由结论能推出条件,则必要性满足.【题文】4 函数()2sin()f x x ωϕ=+对任意x 都有()(),66f x f x ππ+=-则()6f π等于( )A 2或0B 2-或2C 0D 2-或0 【知识点】三角函数的图象C3 【答案】【解析】B 解析:因为函数()2sin()f x x ωϕ=+对任意x 都有()(),66f x f x ππ+=-所以该函数图象关于直线6x π=对称,因为在对称轴处对应的函数值为最大值或最小值,所以选B.【思路点拨】抓住正弦曲线在对称轴位置对应的函数值是函数的最大值或最小值是本题的关键.【题文】5.若当R x ∈时,函数()xa x f =始终满足()10<<x f ,则函数xy a1log =的图象大致为( )【知识点】指数函数与对数函数的图象B6 B7 【答案】【解析】B解析: 因为当R x ∈时,函数()xa x f =始终满足()10<<x f .,所以0<a <1,则当x >0时,函数1log log aa y x x==-,显然此时单调函数单调递增,则选B. 【思路点拨】判断函数的图象,通常结合函数的单调性、奇偶性、定义域、值域等特征进行判断.【题文】6.已知()f x 是周期为2的奇函数,当01x <<时,()lg .f x x =设63(),(),52a f b f ==5(),2c f =则( )A.a b c <<B.b a c <<C.c b a <<D.c a b << 【知识点】奇函数 对数函数的性质B4 B7【答案】【解析】D解析:因为6445311lg ,lg 25554222a f f f b f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==-=-===-=-= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,51lg 222c f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫===-⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,所以c <a <b ,则选D. 【思路点拨】利用函数的周期性及奇偶性把所给的函数值转化到已知区间代入已知函数解析式,即可比较大小.【题文】7.一个几何体的三视图如图示,则这个几何体的体积为( )A .3a B .33aC . 36aD .356a【知识点】三视图G2【答案】【解析】D解析:由三视图可知该几何体为正方体截取一个角之后剩余的部分,如图,所以其体积为3331566a a a -=,则选D. 【思路点拨】由三视图求几何体的体积,关键是判断原几何体形状,可在熟悉的几何体的三视图基础上进行解答.【题文】8.已知a ,b 是平面内两个互相垂直的单位向量,若向量c 满足()()0a c b c -⋅-=,则c 的最大值是 ( )A.1B.2C.2D.22 【知识点】向量的数量积F3正(主)视图侧(左)视图俯视图【答案】【解析】C 1,0a b b ===()()()22cos 0a cbc c a b c c a b c θ-∙-=-∙++=-++=cos 2cos 2c a b θθ=+=≤,所以c 的最大值是2,则选C.【思路点拨】利用向量的数量积的运算,把所求向量转化为夹角的三角函数再求最值,本题还可以建立直角坐标系,利用坐标运算进行解答. 【题文】9.若12()2(),f x x f x dx =+⎰则1()f x dx =⎰( )A. 1-B.13- C.13D.1 【知识点】定积分B13 【答案】【解析】B 解析:因为()1f x dx ⎰为常数,且()()()()11131000112233f x dx x f x dx x f x dx ⎡⎤=+=+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰,解得()113f x dx =-⎰,所以选B.【思路点拨】理解()1f x dx ⎰是常数是本题的关键,即可利用公式求定积分并进行解答.【题文】10.数列{}n a 是正项等比数列,{}n b 是等差数列,且67a b =,则有 ( ) A .39410a a b b +≤+ B .39410a a b b +≥+ C .39410a a b b +≠+ D .39a a +与410b b +大小不确定【知识点】等差数列 等比数列D2 D3 【答案】【解析】B解析:∵a n =a 1q n-1,b n =b 1+(n-1)d ,a 6=b 7 ,∴a 1q 5=b 1+6d ,a 3+a 9=a 1q 2+a 1q 8 ,b 4+b 10=2(b 1+6d )=2b 7=2a 6,a 3+a 9-2a 6=a 1q 2+a 1q 8-2a 1q 5=a 1q 8-a 1q 5-(a 1q 5-a 1q 2)=a 1q 2(q 3-1)2≥0,所以 a 3+a 9≥b 4+b 10,故选B.【思路点拨】先根据等比数列、等差数列的通项公式表示出a 6、b 7,然后表示出a 3+a 9和b 4+b 10,然后二者作差比较即可.【题文】11.设()32f x x bx cx d =+++,又K 是一个常数。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三数学一模试卷(理科) 含解析
2015年吉林省实验中学高考数学一模试卷(理科)一、选择题(本题共12题,每小题5分,共计60分)1.设i是虚数单位,则复数的虚部是( ) A. B.C. D.2.已知M={y|y=x2},N={x|+y2=1},则M∩N=()A.{(﹣1,1),(1,1)} B.{1}C.[0,]D.[0,1]3.已知命题p:“∀x>0,有e x≥1成立,则¬p为() A.∃x0≤0,有e x0<l成立B.∃x0≤0,有e x0≥1成立C.∃x0>0,有e x0<1成立D.∃x0>0,有e x0≤l成立4.若点P(cosα,sinα)在直线y=﹣2x上,则sin2α+2cos2α的值是()A.﹣2 B.﹣C.﹣ D.5.等比数列{a n}中,a4=2,a5=5,则数列{lga n}的前8项和等于()A.6 B.5 C.3 D.46.已知平面向量,的夹角为120°,且=﹣1,则|﹣|的最小值为()A.B.C.D.17.函数f(x)的图象向右平移1个单位长度,所得图象与y=e x关于y轴对称,则f(x)=()A.e x+1B.e x﹣1 C.e﹣x+1D.e﹣x﹣18.设α,β都是锐角,且cosα=,sin(α﹣β)=,则cosβ=()A.B.﹣C.或﹣D.或9.已知圆x2+y2=1及以下三个函数:(1)f(x)=x3;(2)f(x)=xcosx;(3)f(x)=tanx.其中图象能等分圆的面积的函数个数为()A.3 B.2 C.1 D.010.如图过抛物线y2=2px(p>0)的焦点F的直线依次交抛物线及准线于点A,B,C,若|BC|=2|BF|,且|AF|=3,则抛物线的方程为()A.y2=x B.y2=9x C.y2=x D.y2=3x11.若函数f(x)=﹣x2+x+1在区间(,4)上有极值点,则实数a的取值范围是( )A.(2,) B.[2,) C.(,)D.(2,)12.函数f(x)的定义域为{x|x≠0},f(x)>0.满足f(x•y)=f(x)•f(y),且在区间(0,+∞)上单调递增,若m满足f(log3m)+f(log m)≤2f(1),则实数m的取值范围是()A.[1,3] B.(0,]C.[0,﹚∪(1,3] D.[,1)∪(1,3]二.填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分)13.设S n是等差数列{a n}的前n项和,若a1=2,S5=12,则a6等于.14.若某几何体的三视图(单位:cm)如图所示,则此几何体的表面积是cm2.15.在平面直角坐标系xOy上的区域D由不等式组给定,若M(x,y)为D上的动点,点A的坐标为(2,1),则的最大值为.16.在△ABC中,边AC=1,AB=2,角,过A作AP⊥BC于P,且,则λμ=.三.解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.△ABC中,角A、B、C对边分别是a、b、c,满足2=a2﹣(b+c)2.(Ⅰ)求角A的大小;(Ⅱ)求2cos2﹣sin(﹣B)的最大值,并求取得最大值时角B、C的大小.18.已知三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1的侧棱垂直于底面,∠BAC=90°,AB=AA1=2,AC=1,M,N分别是A1B1,BC的中点.(Ⅰ)证明:AB⊥AC1;(Ⅱ)证明:MN∥平面ACC1A1;(Ⅲ)求二面角M﹣AN﹣B的余弦值.19.设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且满足S1=2,S n+1=3S n+2.(Ⅰ)求通项公式a n;(Ⅱ)设b n=,求证:b1+b2+…+b n<1.20.已知椭圆C的中心在原点O,焦点在x轴上,离心率为,右焦点到到右顶点的距离为1.(1)求椭圆C的标准方程;(2)是否存在与椭圆C交于A,B两点的直线l:y=kx+m (k∈R),使得|+2|=|﹣2|成立?若存在,求出实数m的取值范围,若不存在,请说明理由.21.已知函数f(x)=(x2﹣2x)•lnx+ax2+2(Ⅰ)当a=﹣1时,求f(x)在(1,f(1))处的切线方程;(Ⅱ)设函数g(x)=f(x)﹣x﹣2;(i)若函数g(x)有且仅有一个零点时,求a的值;(ii)在(i)的条件下,若e﹣2<x<e,g(x)≤m,求m 的取值范围.四、请考生在第22,23,24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.(本小题满分10分)选修1—4:几何证明选讲22.如图,△ABC是直角三角形,∠ABC=90°,以AB 为直径的圆O交AC于点E,点D是BC边的中点,连接OD交圆O于点M.(1)求证:O、B、D、E四点共圆;(2)求证:2DE2=DM•AC+DM•AB.五。
2015年吉林省实验中学高考一模数学试卷(理科)【解析版】
2015年吉林省实验中学高考数学一模试卷(理科)一、选择题(本题共12题,每小题5分,共计60分)1.(5分)设i是虚数单位,则复数的虚部是()A.B.C.D.2.(5分)已知M={y|y=x2},N={x|+y2=1},则M∩N=()A.{(﹣1,1),(1,1)}B.{1}C.[0,]D.[0,1]3.(5分)已知命题p:“∀x>0,有e x≥1成立,则¬p为()A.∃x0≤0,有e x0<l成立B.∃x0≤0,有e x0≥1成立C.∃x0>0,有e x0<1成立D.∃x0>0,有e x0≤l成立4.(5分)若点P(cosα,sinα)在直线y=﹣2x上,则sin2α+2cos2α的值是()A.﹣2B.﹣C.﹣D.5.(5分)等比数列{a n}中,a4=2,a5=5,则数列{lga n}的前8项和等于()A.6B.5C.3D.46.(5分)已知平面向量,的夹角为120°,且=﹣1,则|﹣|的最小值为()A.B.C.D.17.(5分)函数f(x)的图象向右平移1个单位长度,所得图象与y=e x关于y 轴对称,则f(x)=()A.e x+1B.e x﹣1C.e﹣x+1D.e﹣x﹣18.(5分)设α,β都是锐角,且cosα=,sin(α﹣β)=,则cosβ=()A.B.﹣C.或﹣D.或9.(5分)已知圆x2+y2=1及以下三个函数:(1)f(x)=x3;(2)f(x)=x cos x;(3)f(x)=tan x.其中图象能等分圆的面积的函数个数为()A.3B.2C.1D.010.(5分)如图过抛物线y2=2px(p>0)的焦点F的直线依次交抛物线及准线于点A,B,C,若|BC|=2|BF|,且|AF|=3,则抛物线的方程为()A.y2=x B.y2=9x C.y2=x D.y2=3x11.(5分)若函数f(x)=﹣x2+x+1在区间(,4)上有极值点,则实数a的取值范围是()A.(2,)B.[2,)C.(,)D.(2,)12.(5分)函数f(x)的定义域为{x|x≠0},f(x)>0.满足f(x•y)=f(x)•f(y),且在区间(0,+∞)上单调递增,若m满足f(log 3m)+f(log m)≤2f(1),则实数m的取值范围是()A.[1,3]B.(0,]C.[0,)∪(1,3]D.[,1)∪(1,3]二.填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分)13.(5分)设S n是等差数列{a n}的前n项和,若a1=2,S5=12,则a6等于.14.(5分)若某几何体的三视图(单位:cm)如图所示,则此几何体的表面积是cm2.15.(5分)在平面直角坐标系xOy上的区域D由不等式组给定,若M (x,y)为D上的动点,点A的坐标为(2,1),则的最大值为.16.(5分)在△ABC中,边AC=1,AB=2,角,过A作AP⊥BC于P,且,则λμ=.三.解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.(12分)△ABC中,角A、B、C对边分别是a、b、c,满足2=a2﹣(b+c)2.(Ⅰ)求角A的大小;(Ⅱ)求2cos2﹣sin(﹣B)的最大值,并求取得最大值时角B、C的大小.18.(12分)已知三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1的侧棱垂直于底面,∠BAC=90°,AB =AA1=2,AC=1,M,N分别是A1B1,BC的中点.(Ⅰ)证明:AB⊥AC1;(Ⅱ)证明:MN∥平面ACC1A1;(Ⅲ)求二面角M﹣AN﹣B的余弦值.19.(12分)设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且满足S1=2,S n+1=3S n+2.(Ⅰ)求通项公式a n;(Ⅱ)设b n=,求证:b1+b2+…+b n<1.20.(12分)已知椭圆C的中心在原点O,焦点在x轴上,离心率为,右焦点到到右顶点的距离为1.(1)求椭圆C的标准方程;(2)是否存在与椭圆C交于A,B两点的直线l:y=kx+m(k∈R),使得|+2 |=|﹣2|成立?若存在,求出实数m的取值范围,若不存在,请说明理由.21.(12分)已知函数f(x)=(x2﹣2x)•lnx+ax2+2(Ⅰ)当a=﹣1时,求f(x)在(1,f(1))处的切线方程;(Ⅱ)设函数g(x)=f(x)﹣x﹣2;(i)若函数g(x)有且仅有一个零点时,求a的值;(ii)在(i)的条件下,若e﹣2<x<e,g(x)≤m,求m的取值范围.四、请考生在第22,23,24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.(本小题满分10分)选修1-4:几何证明选讲22.(10分)如图,△ABC是直角三角形,∠ABC=90°,以AB为直径的圆O 交AC于点E,点D是BC边的中点,连接OD交圆O于点M.(1)求证:O、B、D、E四点共圆;(2)求证:2DE2=DM•AC+DM•AB.五.(本小题满分0分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程23.将圆x2+y2=1上每一点的横坐标保持不变,纵坐标变为原来的2倍,得曲线C.(Ⅰ)写出C的参数方程;(Ⅱ)设直线l:2x+y﹣2=0与C的交点为P1,P2,以坐标原点为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,求过线段P1P2的中点且与l垂直的直线的极坐标方程.六.(本小题满分0分)选修4-5:不等式选讲24.已知定义在R上的函数f(x)=|x+1|+|x﹣2|的最小值为m.(Ⅰ)求m的值;(Ⅱ)若a,b,c是正实数,且满足a+b+c=m,求证:a2+b2+c2≥3.2015年吉林省实验中学高考数学一模试卷(理科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本题共12题,每小题5分,共计60分)1.(5分)设i是虚数单位,则复数的虚部是()A.B.C.D.【解答】解:复数==,故虚部为﹣,故选:D.2.(5分)已知M={y|y=x2},N={x|+y2=1},则M∩N=()A.{(﹣1,1),(1,1)}B.{1}C.[0,]D.[0,1]【解答】解:由M中y=x2≥0,得到M=[0,+∞),由N中+y2=1,得到﹣≤x≤,即N=[﹣,],则M∩N=[0,].故选:C.3.(5分)已知命题p:“∀x>0,有e x≥1成立,则¬p为()A.∃x0≤0,有e x0<l成立B.∃x0≤0,有e x0≥1成立C.∃x0>0,有e x0<1成立D.∃x0>0,有e x0≤l成立【解答】解:命题p:“∀x>0,有e x≥1,则¬p为∃x0>0,有e x0<1成立.故选:C.4.(5分)若点P(cosα,sinα)在直线y=﹣2x上,则sin2α+2cos2α的值是()A.﹣2B.﹣C.﹣D.【解答】解:∵点P(cosα,sinα)在直线y=﹣2x上,∴sinα=﹣2cosα,∴tanα==﹣2,∴sin2α+2cos2α===﹣2故选:A.5.(5分)等比数列{a n}中,a4=2,a5=5,则数列{lga n}的前8项和等于()A.6B.5C.3D.4【解答】解:∵等比数列{a n}中a4=2,a5=5,∴a4•a5=2×5=10,∴数列{lga n}的前8项和S=lga1+lga2+…+lga8=lg(a1•a2…a8)=lg(a4•a5)4=4lg(a4•a5)=4lg10=4故选:D.6.(5分)已知平面向量,的夹角为120°,且=﹣1,则|﹣|的最小值为()A.B.C.D.1【解答】解:∵平面向量,的夹角为120°,∴=||•||cos120°==||•||=﹣1,∴||•||=2,则|﹣|==,当且仅当||=||=时取等号,故|﹣|的最小值为,故选:A.7.(5分)函数f(x)的图象向右平移1个单位长度,所得图象与y=e x关于y 轴对称,则f(x)=()A.e x+1B.e x﹣1C.e﹣x+1D.e﹣x﹣1【解答】解:y=e x关于y轴对称得出y=e﹣x,把y=e﹣x的图象向左平移1个单位长度得出y=e﹣(x+1)=e﹣x﹣1,∴f(x)=e﹣x﹣1,故选:D.8.(5分)设α,β都是锐角,且cosα=,sin(α﹣β)=,则cosβ=()A.B.﹣C.或﹣D.或【解答】解:∵α,β都是锐角,且cosα=,sin(α﹣β)=,∴sinα==;同理可得,∴cosβ=cos[α﹣(α﹣β)]=cosαcos(α﹣β)+sinαsin(α﹣β)=•+•=,故选:A.9.(5分)已知圆x2+y2=1及以下三个函数:(1)f(x)=x3;(2)f(x)=x cos x;(3)f(x)=tan x.其中图象能等分圆的面积的函数个数为()A.3B.2C.1D.0【解答】解:若函数图象能等分圆的面积,则函数为奇函数,则:(1)f(x)=x3;为奇函数,满足条件.(2)f(x)=x cos x;为奇函数,满足条件.(3)f(x)=tan x.为奇函数,满足条件,故选:A.10.(5分)如图过抛物线y2=2px(p>0)的焦点F的直线依次交抛物线及准线于点A,B,C,若|BC|=2|BF|,且|AF|=3,则抛物线的方程为()A.y2=x B.y2=9x C.y2=x D.y2=3x【解答】解:如图分别过点A,B作准线的垂线,分别交准线于点E,D,设|BF|=a,则由已知得:|BC|=2a,由定义得:|BD|=a,故∠BCD=30°,在直角三角形ACE中,∵|AF|=3,|AC|=3+3a,∴2|AE|=|AC|∴3+3a=6,从而得a=1,∵BD∥FG,∴=求得p=,因此抛物线方程为y2=3x.故选:D.11.(5分)若函数f(x)=﹣x2+x+1在区间(,4)上有极值点,则实数a的取值范围是()A.(2,)B.[2,)C.(,)D.(2,)【解答】解:∵f(x)=﹣x2+x+1,∴f′(x)=x2﹣ax+1,∴x2﹣ax+1=0有两个解,则△=a2﹣4>0;故a>2或a<﹣2;函数f(x)=﹣x2+x+1在区间(,4)上有极值点可化为x2﹣ax+1=0在区间(,4)有解,①当2<a<8时,1<<4,只需使f′()>0或f′(4)>0,即﹣a+1>0或16﹣4a+1>0,故a<或a<;故2<a<;②当a≥8时,f′(4)<0,f′()<0,故方程x2﹣ax+1=0在区间(,4)上无解;综上所述,2<a<.故选:D.12.(5分)函数f(x)的定义域为{x|x≠0},f(x)>0.满足f(x•y)=f(x)•f(y),且在区间(0,+∞)上单调递增,若m满足f(log 3m)+f(log m)≤2f(1),则实数m的取值范围是()A.[1,3]B.(0,]C.[0,)∪(1,3]D.[,1)∪(1,3]【解答】解:由于f(x•y)=f(x)•f(y),f(x)>0,则令x=y=1可得f(1)=f2(1),即有f(1)=1.令x=y=﹣1,则f(1)=f2(﹣1)=1,则f(﹣1)=1.令y=﹣1,则f(﹣x)=f(x)f(﹣1)=f(x),即有f(x)为偶函数,m)+f(log m)≤2f(1),即为f(log3m)+f(﹣log3m)≤2f(1),由f(log即2f(log3m)≤2f(1),则f(|log3m|)≤f(1),由于f(x)在区间(0,+∞)上单调递增,则|log3m|≤1,且log3m≠0解得≤m<1或1<m≤3.故选:D.二.填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共计20分)13.(5分)设S n是等差数列{a n}的前n项和,若a1=2,S5=12,则a6等于3.【解答】解:设等差数列{a n}的公差为d,∵a1=2,S5=12,∴S5=5a1+d=10+10d=12,解得d=,∴a6=2+5×=3,故答案为:3.14.(5分)若某几何体的三视图(单位:cm)如图所示,则此几何体的表面积是6+(+2)πcm2.【解答】解:由三视图可知:原几何体是一个圆锥的一半,高为3,底面半径为2,如图所示.==.∴S表面积故答案为.15.(5分)在平面直角坐标系xOy上的区域D由不等式组给定,若M (x,y)为D上的动点,点A的坐标为(2,1),则的最大值为7.【解答】解:由约束条件作出可行域如图,令z==2x+y,化为y=﹣2x+z,由图可知,当直线y=﹣2x+z过B(2,3)时,z有最大值为2×2+3=7.故答案为:7.16.(5分)在△ABC中,边AC=1,AB=2,角,过A作AP⊥BC于P,且,则λμ=.【解答】解:【方法一】画出图形,如图所示;∵AP⊥BC,∴•=0,又,=﹣,∴(λ+μ)•(﹣)=﹣λ+(λ﹣μ)•+μ=﹣4λ+(λ﹣μ)•2×1×cos+μ=0,化简得λ=μ①;又C、P、B三点共线,,∴λ+μ=1②;由①②解得,∴λμ=×=;【方法二】建立坐标系,如图所示;设点P(x,y),则=(x,y),∵=(2,0),||=1,∠CAB=,∴=(﹣,);∴=﹣=(﹣,);又∵⊥,∴﹣x+y=0①;与共线,∴(x﹣2)﹣(﹣y)=0②;由①②组成方程组,解得x=,y=,∴=(,);又∵,∴(,)=λ(2,0)+μ(﹣,)=(2λ﹣μ,μ),即,解得,∴λμ=×=;故答案为:.故答案为:.三.解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.(12分)△ABC中,角A、B、C对边分别是a、b、c,满足2=a2﹣(b+c)2.(Ⅰ)求角A的大小;(Ⅱ)求2cos2﹣sin(﹣B)的最大值,并求取得最大值时角B、C的大小.【解答】解(Ⅰ)由已知,化为2bc cos A=a2﹣b2﹣c2﹣2bc,(2分)由余弦定理a2=b2+c2﹣2bc cos A得4bc cos A=﹣2bc,∴,(4分)∵0<A<π,∴.(6分)(Ⅱ)∵,∴,.=.(8分)∵,∴,∴当C+=,取最大值,解得B=C=.(12分)18.(12分)已知三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1的侧棱垂直于底面,∠BAC=90°,AB=AA1=2,AC=1,M,N分别是A1B1,BC的中点.(Ⅰ)证明:AB⊥AC1;(Ⅱ)证明:MN∥平面ACC1A1;(Ⅲ)求二面角M﹣AN﹣B的余弦值.【解答】解法一:(Ⅰ)证明:因为CC1⊥平面ABC,所以AC是AC1在平面ABC内的射影,(2分)由条件可知AB⊥AC,所以AB⊥AC1.(4分)(Ⅱ)证明:设AC的中点为D,连接DN,A1D.因为D,N分别是AC,BC的中点,所以DN平行等于AB.又A1M=A1B1,A1B1平行等于AB,所以A1M平行等于DN.所以四边形A1DNM是平行四边形.所以A1D∥MN.(7分)因为A1D⊂平面ACC1A1,MN⊂平面ACC1A1,所以MN∥平面ACC1A1.(9分)(Ⅲ)如图,设AB的中点为H,连接MH,所以MH∥BB1.因为BB1⊥底面ABC,所以MH⊥底面ABC.在平面ABC内,过点H做HG⊥AN,垂足为G.连接MG,则MG⊥AN.所以∠MGH是二面角M﹣AN﹣B的平面角.(12分)因为MH=BB1=2,由△AGH∽△BAC,得HG=.所以MG==.所以cos∠MGH==.二面角M﹣AN﹣B的余弦值是.(14分)解法二:依条件可知AB,AC,AA1两两垂直.如图,以点A为原点建立空间直角坐标系A﹣xyz.根据条件容易求出如下各点坐标:A(0,0,0),B(0,2,0),C(﹣1,0,0),A1(0,0,2),B1(0,2,2),C1(﹣1,0,2),M(0,1,2),.证明:(Ⅰ):因为,,所以=0×(﹣1)+2×0+0×2=0.(2分)所以.即AB⊥AC1.(4分)(Ⅱ)证明:因为,是平面ACC 1A1的一个法向量,且=,所以.(7分)又MN⊄平面ACC1A1,所以MN∥平面ACC1A1.(9分)(Ⅲ)设n=(x,y,z)是平面AMN的法向量,因为,,由得解得平面AMN的一个法向量n=(4,2,﹣1).由已知,平面ABC的一个法向量为m=(0,0,﹣1).(12分)设二面角M﹣AN﹣B的大小为θ,则==.二面角M﹣AN﹣B的余弦值是.(14分)19.(12分)设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且满足S1=2,S n+1=3S n+2.(Ⅰ)求通项公式a n;(Ⅱ)设b n=,求证:b1+b2+…+b n<1.【解答】(Ⅰ)解:∵S n+1=3S n+2,∴S n+1+1=3(S n+1).又∵S1+1=3,∴{S n+1}是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列,∴.n=1时,a1=S1=2,n>1时,=3n﹣1(3﹣1)=2×3n﹣1.故.(Ⅱ)证明:∵∴=.20.(12分)已知椭圆C的中心在原点O,焦点在x轴上,离心率为,右焦点到到右顶点的距离为1.(1)求椭圆C的标准方程;(2)是否存在与椭圆C交于A,B两点的直线l:y=kx+m(k∈R),使得|+2 |=|﹣2|成立?若存在,求出实数m的取值范围,若不存在,请说明理由.【解答】解:(1)设椭圆C的方程为(a>b>0),半焦距为c.依题意e=,由右焦点到右顶点的距离为1,得a﹣c=1.解得c=1,a=2.所以=4﹣1=3.所以椭圆C的标准方程是.(2)解:存在直线l,使得||=||成立.理由如下:设直线l的方程为y=kx+m,由得(3+4k2)x2+8kmx+4m2﹣12=0.△=(8km)2﹣4(3+4k2)(4m2﹣12)>0,化简得3+4k2>m2.设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则,.若||=||成立,即||2=||2,等价于.所以x1x2+y1y2=0.x1x2+(kx1+m)(kx2+m)=0,(1+k2)x1x2+km(x1+x2)+m2=0,(1+k2)•,化简得7m2=12+12k2.将代入3+4k2>m2中,3+4()>m2,解得.又由7m2=12+12k2≥12,得,从而,解得或.所以实数m的取值范围是.21.(12分)已知函数f(x)=(x2﹣2x)•lnx+ax2+2(Ⅰ)当a=﹣1时,求f(x)在(1,f(1))处的切线方程;(Ⅱ)设函数g(x)=f(x)﹣x﹣2;(i)若函数g(x)有且仅有一个零点时,求a的值;(ii)在(i)的条件下,若e﹣2<x<e,g(x)≤m,求m的取值范围.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)当a=﹣1时,f(x)=(x2﹣2x)•lnx﹣x2+2,定义域(0,+∞)∴f′(x)=(2x﹣2)•lnx+(x﹣2)﹣2x.∴f′(1)=﹣3,又f(1)=1,∴f(x)在(1,f(1))处的切线方程3x+y﹣4=0.(Ⅱ)(ⅰ)令g(x)=f(x)﹣x﹣2=0则(x2﹣2x)•lnx+ax2+2=x+2,即a=令h(x)=,则h′(x)=令t(x)=1﹣x﹣2lnx,则t′(x)=∵x>0,∴t′(x)<0,∴t(x)在(0,+∞)上是减函数,又∵t(1)=h′(1)=0,∴当0<x<1时,h′(x)>0,当x>1时,h′(x)<0,∴h(x)在(0,1)上单调递增,在(1,+∞)上单调递减,∴h(x)max=h(1)=1,∴当函数g(x)有且仅有一个零点时a=1,(ⅱ)当a=1时,g(x)=(x2﹣2x)•lnx+x2﹣x,若e﹣2<x<e,g(x)≤m,只需证明g(x)max≤m,∴g′(x)=(x﹣1)(3+2lnx),令g′(x)=0得x=1或x=又∵e﹣2<x<e,∴函数g(x)在(e﹣2,)上单调递增,在(,1)上单调递减,在(1,e)上单调递增又g()=﹣e﹣3+2,g(e)=2e2﹣3e∵g()=﹣e﹣3+2<2<2e<2e(e﹣)=g(e),∴g()<g(e),∴m≥2e2﹣3e四、请考生在第22,23,24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.(本小题满分10分)选修1-4:几何证明选讲22.(10分)如图,△ABC是直角三角形,∠ABC=90°,以AB为直径的圆O 交AC于点E,点D是BC边的中点,连接OD交圆O于点M.(1)求证:O、B、D、E四点共圆;(2)求证:2DE2=DM•AC+DM•AB.【解答】解:(1)连接BE、OE,则∵AB为圆0的直径,∴∠AEB=90°,得BE⊥EC,又∵D是BC的中点,∴ED是Rt△BEC的中线,可得DE=BD.又∵OE=OB,OD=OD,∴△ODE≌△ODB.可得∠OED=∠OBD=90°,因此,O、B、D、E四点共圆;(2)延长DO交圆O于点H,∵DE⊥OE,OE是半径,∴DE为圆O的切线.可得DE2=DM•DH=DM•(DO+OH)=DM•DO+DM•OH.∵OH=,OD为△ABC的中位线,得DO=,∴,化简得2DE2=DM•AC+DM•AB.五.(本小题满分0分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程23.将圆x2+y2=1上每一点的横坐标保持不变,纵坐标变为原来的2倍,得曲线C.(Ⅰ)写出C的参数方程;(Ⅱ)设直线l:2x+y﹣2=0与C的交点为P1,P2,以坐标原点为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,求过线段P1P2的中点且与l垂直的直线的极坐标方程.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)在曲线C上任意取一点(x,y),由题意可得点(x,)在圆x2+y2=1上,∴x2+=1,即曲线C的方程为x2+=1,化为参数方程为(0≤θ<2π,θ为参数).(Ⅱ)由,可得,,不妨设P1(1,0)、P2(0,2),则线段P1P2的中点坐标为(,1),再根据与l垂直的直线的斜率为,故所求的直线的方程为y﹣1=(x﹣),即x﹣2y+=0.再根据x=ρcosα、y=ρsinα可得所求的直线的极坐标方程为ρcosα﹣2ρsinα+=0,即ρ=.六.(本小题满分0分)选修4-5:不等式选讲24.已知定义在R上的函数f(x)=|x+1|+|x﹣2|的最小值为m.(Ⅰ)求m的值;(Ⅱ)若a,b,c是正实数,且满足a+b+c=m,求证:a2+b2+c2≥3.【解答】(Ⅰ)解:因为|x+1|+|x﹣2|≥(x+1)﹣(x﹣2)=3当且仅当﹣1≤x≤2时,等号成立,所以f(x)的最小值等于3,即m=3(Ⅱ)证明:由(Ⅰ)知a+b+c=3,又a,b,c是正实数,所以(a2+b2+c2)(12+12+12)≥(a+b+c)2=9,所以a2+b2+c2≥3。
吉林省实验中学2015届高考生物模拟试卷(含解析)
2015年吉林省实验中学高考生物模拟试卷一、选择题(共15小题,每小题3分,满分45分)6.(3分)(2011•珠海一模)如图所示细胞均来自同一生物体,有关叙述正确的是()7.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)以下对高等动物通过减数分裂形成的雌雄配子以及受精作每个卵细胞继承了初级卵母细胞核中8.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)S型肺炎双球菌菌株是人类肺炎和小鼠败血症的病原体,而R型菌株却无致病性.下列有关叙述正确的是9.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)图1表示某生物正常体细胞中两对基因和染色体的关系,图2表示该生物体内3对基因控制黑色素合成的过程,三对基因的控制均表现为完全显性,下列叙述正确的是()10.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)科学工作者分离得到了某真核生物的基因A,将其解离成两条具有互补关系的单链,其中的一条与基因A的信使RNA进行配对,杂交后可以观察到如图所示的结构.对此结果的合理解释是()11.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图是达尔文利用燕麦胚芽鞘所做的实验,该实验研究的目的是探究()12.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图为某高等动物中某反射弧的部分结构示意图,传出神经末梢与肌肉的连接结构与突触结构相同.下列有关说法不正确的是()14.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图表示几种重要激素对物质代谢的调节作用(图a﹣e 分别代表五种不同的激素,“+”表示促进,“﹣”表示抑制).已知激素d为甲状腺激素.请据图分析下列叙述错误的是()15.(3分)(2015•上海二模)下面图对有关实验结果曲线所表示的生物学意义的叙述错误从图可知对生长发育影响程度大且持续时间长的是生长激素从图中日照长度与植物开花前的时间关系可知,缩短光照时间可促使B种植物提前开花二、解答题(共8小题,满分0分)16.(2015•山东模拟)研究者选取南瓜幼苗进行了无土栽培实验,如图为该幼苗的光合速率、呼吸速率随温度变化的曲线图,请分析回答相关问题.(1)A点时叶肉细胞中O2的移动方向是.研究者用含18O的葡萄糖追踪根细胞有氧呼吸中的氧原子,其转移途径是.(2)据图分析,光合酶对温度的敏感度比呼吸酶对温度的敏感度,温室栽培该植物,为获得最大经济效益,应控制的最低温度为℃.(3)限制AB段CO2吸收速率的主要因素是,图中点光合作用制造的有机物是呼吸作用消耗有机物的两倍.(4)研究者分别用12%的氧气和22%的氧气对两组幼苗的根系进行持续供氧.一段时间后,测得用12%的氧气处理植株的干重显著低于另一组,原因是.17.(2014•山东校级模拟)某研究小组对一大豆新品种种子萌发和幼苗生长过程开展研究,首先将大豆种子置于水分(蒸馏水)、通气、光照等条件适宜的环境中培养,定期检测萌发种子的干重变化,结果如图所示.据图分析:(1)第2﹣6天,种子从外界吸收,参与细胞内生化反应,导致干重增加.6天后种子干重减少的主要原因是.(2)种皮未突破前,种子以无氧呼吸为主,第4天,实验小组测得种子吸收的O2和释放的CO2之比为1:3,此时大豆细胞内有机物增多,该物质产生于细胞的中,产生该物质的葡萄糖占被分解葡萄糖的比例是.第天,大豆的呼吸速率与光合速率大致相当.(3)实验小组在光照强度和CO2浓度等条件不变的情况下,测定不同温度对大豆叶的净光合速率和呼吸速率的影响,结果如图2.据图分析,大豆最适生长温度是℃左右,在此温度下,每l00mm2叶面积上1小时光合作用制造的葡萄糖是μmol.(4)研究小组发现沙尘天气影响大豆生长,分析认为:首先,沙尘天气直接影响叶绿体中的产生,其次沙尘堵塞大豆叶气孔,影响光合作用的阶段.18.(2015•吉林校级模拟)小麦有大、小穗和抗虫、不抗虫两对相对性状,控制两对性状的)上述两对性状中,是显性性状.(2)杂交组合1的子代中,出现小穗抗虫和大穗抗虫植株的原因是.(3)杂交组合1的子代中,大穗不抗虫植株的基因型是.(4)若要利用亲本中的小麦品种获得可稳定遗传的大穗抗虫小麦,最简单的方法是利用自交.(5)已知题中所给杂交组合1、2的亲本中,A的基因频率为40%,若它们的子一代中所有个体全部存活,则子一代群体中a的基因频率是.19.(2015•吉林校级模拟)杂种优势是指两个遗传组成不同的亲本杂交产生的 F1在生活力、抗逆性、产量和品质等方面都优于双亲的现象.显性假说和超显性假说都可以解释杂种优势.(1)显性假说认为杂种优势是由于双亲的各种显性基因全部聚集在 F1引起的互补作用.如豌豆有两个纯种(P1和P2)的株高均为1.5~1.8米,但其性状不同,亲代 P1多节而节短,亲代 P2少节而节长,杂交后F1集中双亲显性基因,多节而节长,可达2.1~2.4米,表现杂种优势.请利用遗传图解和必要文字解释这一现象(多节与节长基因分别用A和B表示).(2)超显性假说则认为等位基因的作用优于相同基因,可以解释杂种优于纯合亲本.例如:豌豆染色体某一位点上的两个等位基因(A1、A2)各抗一种锈病,两个只抗一种锈病的纯合亲本杂交后代抗两种锈病,请根据基因和蛋白质的关系来分析杂合体抗锈病能力高于显性纯合的原因.(3)假设豌豆高产与低产由两对同源染色体上的等位基因A与a和B与b控制,且A和B 控制高产.现有高产与低产两个纯系杂交的 F1,F1自交得F2,F2里出现了高产、中高产、中产、中低产、低产五个品系.①该育种结果支持以上的哪种假说?.②F2中,中产的基因型为.③F2中,高产、中高产、中产、中低产、低产五个品系性状分离依次比为.④若对 F2的所有中产豌豆进行测交,后代的表现型和比例为.20.(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图表示人体神经系统对排尿的控制,其中尿道内、外括约肌都是一种环形肌肉,逼尿肌分布于膀胱壁.请据图回答:(1)图中尿道内、外括约肌、膀胱逼尿肌属于反射弧中的哪一部分?(2)当膀胱充盈后,人会产生尿意,请用箭头和图中必要文字、字母表示产生尿意的神经传导途径:.在整个神经冲动传导的过程中,c神经纤维膜外形成向(填“左”或“右”)方向的局部电流.(3)当尿液进入尿道后,尿道感受器兴奋,兴奋传入初级排尿中枢,进一步加强排尿中枢的活动,这是一种(填“正反馈”或“负反馈”)调节.(4)正常情况下,成年人可以有意识地控制排尿,但是由于各种原因,排尿有时会出现异常现象.如受到惊吓后尿失禁,原因是.某人在车祸中下丘脑受到暂时性损伤,会使分泌不足或无法分泌,导致对水分的重吸收减少,从而出现多尿症状.21.(2015•吉林校级模拟)图甲表示某自然保护区的能量流动过程,A、B、C、D 代表不同类型的生物,每一营养级所同化的能量都被分为E1、E2两部分.图乙表示某一种野生动物的数量变化曲线.请回答下列问题:(1)图甲中C代表,E2散失到环境中的形式是.(2)E1代表的含义.(3)为了保证各营养级能量的需求,随着营养级升高,人为输入的有机物应该(填增加或减少),图中第二营养级到第三营养级的能量传递效率为(保留小数点后一位).(4)生态学上有“中度干扰”假说,就是一个生态系统受到中等程度干扰时,由于它们具备能力,能够维持自身的相对稳定,人类无需参与.但是超过6级的地震灾害对于生态系统来说却是灾难性的,这说明.(5)乙图AB段表示地震后该动物数量急剧下降,为了保护该物种不至于被灭绝,在B点应采取保护措施,为其提供最后的生存机会.B点时该种群的年龄组成应属于型.型D点后一般采用方法对该种群进行数量调查.22.(2015•洛阳二模)回答有关微生物和植物组织培养的问题:(1)在生产过程中,发现葡萄酒变酸,表面观察到菌膜,造成此现象的生物是.腐乳外部有一层致密的“皮”,这是的匍匐菌丝形成的.制作泡菜时,有时坛内会长一层白膜,这是繁殖形成的.(2)微生物的接种方法很多,如平板划线法、稀释涂布平板法、斜面接种等方法,虽然这些技术的操作方法各不相同,但是其核心都是要,来保证培养物的纯度.(3)从土壤中分离出分解尿素的细菌之后,对其进一步鉴定,要在以尿素为唯一氮源的培养基中加入,如果指示剂变红,可初步鉴定该种细菌能够分解尿素.(4)图为花粉植株的培育途径为了挑选到单核期的花药,通常选择的月季花蕾.选择花药时一般通过镜检确定花粉发育时期,此时需要对花粉细胞核进行染色,采用的染色剂是,它可以将细胞核染成蓝黑色.①表示的生理过程是.23.(2015•吉林校级模拟)南方某柑橘产地由于柑橘大实蝇的危害,橘农遭受到了很大的损失,当地政府想尽一切办法帮助橘农尽量减少损失.(1)有人想提取橘皮精油获取利润,一般提取橘皮精油的方法是法,用这种方法提取橘皮精油的主要步骤是:石灰水浸泡、漂洗、、、静置、.(2)橘皮精油的提取之所以不采取水蒸气蒸馏法,是因为水中蒸馏会导致原料和有效成分等问题.(3)在提取橘皮精油时,橘皮在石灰水中的浸泡时间为以上,并且橘皮要浸透,这样最后才会得到高的出油率.(4)从橘皮中提取的橘皮精油的特点是,具有诱人的橘香味.(5)某橘农发现自家有一株橘树具有抗虫性状,欲利用组织培养技术大量繁殖.植物组织培养常用的培养基是MS培养基,该培养基的配方和微生物培养基的配方有什么明显的不同.(6)影响植物组织培养的因素很多,其中最关键的激素有和.它们是启动、和的关键性激素.2015年吉林省实验中学高考生物模拟试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共15小题,每小题3分,满分45分)于真核细胞和原核细胞中,正确.6.(3分)(2011•珠海一模)如图所示细胞均来自同一生物体,有关叙述正确的是()7.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)以下对高等动物通过减数分裂形成的雌雄配子以及受精作每个卵细胞继承了初级卵母细胞核中个大的的细胞质,每个卵细胞都继承了初级卵母细胞核中的遗传物质,8.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)S型肺炎双球菌菌株是人类肺炎和小鼠败血症的病原体,而R型菌株却无致病性.下列有关叙述正确的是9.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)图1表示某生物正常体细胞中两对基因和染色体的关系,图2表示该生物体内3对基因控制黑色素合成的过程,三对基因的控制均表现为完全显性,下列叙述正确的是()B10.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)科学工作者分离得到了某真核生物的基因A,将其解离成两条具有互补关系的单链,其中的一条与基因A的信使RNA进行配对,杂交后可以观察到如图所示的结构.对此结果的合理解释是()11.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图是达尔文利用燕麦胚芽鞘所做的实验,该实验研究的目的是探究()12.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图为某高等动物中某反射弧的部分结构示意图,传出神经末梢与肌肉的连接结构与突触结构相同.下列有关说法不正确的是()14.(3分)(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图表示几种重要激素对物质代谢的调节作用(图a﹣e 分别代表五种不同的激素,“+”表示促进,“﹣”表示抑制).已知激素d为甲状腺激素.请据图分析下列叙述错误的是()15.(3分)(2015•上海二模)下面图对有关实验结果曲线所表示的生物学意义的叙述错误的是()从图中O2%与呼吸速率的关系可知a、b可分别代表酵母菌和乳酸菌从图中日照长度与植物开花前的时间关系可知,缩短光照时间可促使B种植物提前开花二、解答题(共8小题,满分0分)16.(2015•山东模拟)研究者选取南瓜幼苗进行了无土栽培实验,如图为该幼苗的光合速率、呼吸速率随温度变化的曲线图,请分析回答相关问题.(1)A点时叶肉细胞中O2的移动方向是从叶绿体移向线粒体.研究者用含18O的葡萄糖追踪根细胞有氧呼吸中的氧原子,其转移途径是葡萄糖→丙酮酸→二氧化碳.(2)据图分析,光合酶对温度的敏感度比呼吸酶对温度的敏感度高,温室栽培该植物,为获得最大经济效益,应控制的最低温度为20 ℃.(3)限制AB段CO2吸收速率的主要因素是温度,图中B、D 点光合作用制造的有机物是呼吸作用消耗有机物的两倍.(4)研究者分别用12%的氧气和22%的氧气对两组幼苗的根系进行持续供氧.一段时间后,测得用12%的氧气处理植株的干重显著低于另一组,原因是根系呼吸速率下降,影响根对无机盐的吸收,从而使光合作用固定的有机物减少.17.(2014•山东校级模拟)某研究小组对一大豆新品种种子萌发和幼苗生长过程开展研究,首先将大豆种子置于水分(蒸馏水)、通气、光照等条件适宜的环境中培养,定期检测萌发种子的干重变化,结果如图所示.据图分析:(1)第2﹣6天,种子从外界吸收水分,参与细胞内生化反应,导致干重增加.6天后种子干重减少的主要原因是细胞呼吸,分解了有机物.(2)种皮未突破前,种子以无氧呼吸为主,第4天,实验小组测得种子吸收的O2和释放的CO2之比为1:3,此时大豆细胞内有机物酒精增多,该物质产生于细胞的细胞质基质中,产生该物质的葡萄糖占被分解葡萄糖的比例是6:7 .第10 天,大豆的呼吸速率与光合速率大致相当.(3)实验小组在光照强度和CO2浓度等条件不变的情况下,测定不同温度对大豆叶的净光合速率和呼吸速率的影响,结果如图2.据图分析,大豆最适生长温度是18°C℃左右,在此温度下,每l00mm2叶面积上1小时光合作用制造的葡萄糖是66 μmol.(4)研究小组发现沙尘天气影响大豆生长,分析认为:首先,沙尘天气直接影响叶绿体中的ATP和产生,其次沙尘堵塞大豆叶气孔,影响光合作用的暗反应阶段.糖之比为=6=6618.(2015•吉林校级模拟)小麦有大、小穗和抗虫、不抗虫两对相对性状,控制两对性状的)上述两对性状中,大穗、不抗虫是显性性状.(2)杂交组合1的子代中,出现小穗抗虫和大穗抗虫植株的原因是基因重组.(3)杂交组合1的子代中,大穗不抗虫植株的基因型是AaBb、AaBB .(4)若要利用亲本中的小麦品种获得可稳定遗传的大穗抗虫小麦,最简单的方法是利用大穗不抗虫乙自交.(5)已知题中所给杂交组合1、2的亲本中,A的基因频率为40%,若它们的子一代中所有个体全部存活,则子一代群体中a的基因频率是60% .19.(2015•吉林校级模拟)杂种优势是指两个遗传组成不同的亲本杂交产生的 F1在生活力、抗逆性、产量和品质等方面都优于双亲的现象.显性假说和超显性假说都可以解释杂种优势.(1)显性假说认为杂种优势是由于双亲的各种显性基因全部聚集在 F1引起的互补作用.如豌豆有两个纯种(P1和P2)的株高均为1.5~1.8米,但其性状不同,亲代 P1多节而节短,亲代 P2少节而节长,杂交后F1集中双亲显性基因,多节而节长,可达2.1~2.4米,表现杂种优势.请利用遗传图解和必要文字解释这一现象(多节与节长基因分别用A和B表示).(2)超显性假说则认为等位基因的作用优于相同基因,可以解释杂种优于纯合亲本.例如:豌豆染色体某一位点上的两个等位基因(A1、A2)各抗一种锈病,两个只抗一种锈病的纯合亲本杂交后代抗两种锈病,请根据基因和蛋白质的关系来分析杂合体抗锈病能力高于显性纯合的原因A1A1或A2A2只含有一种基因,合成一种抗锈病的蛋白质,而杂合体A1A2含有两种合成抗锈病蛋白质的基因,能合成两种蛋白质.(3)假设豌豆高产与低产由两对同源染色体上的等位基因A与a和B与b控制,且A和B 控制高产.现有高产与低产两个纯系杂交的 F1,F1自交得F2,F2里出现了高产、中高产、中产、中低产、低产五个品系.①该育种结果支持以上的哪种假说?显性假说.②F2中,中产的基因型为AaBb、AAbb、aaBB .③F2中,高产、中高产、中产、中低产、低产五个品系性状分离依次比为1:4:6:4:1 .④若对 F2的所有中产豌豆进行测交,后代的表现型和比例为中产:中低产:低产=1:4:1 .显性基因的概率为+×,配子的概率也是,配子的概率为×=,所以后代基因型及比例为:AaBb20.(2015•吉林校级模拟)如图表示人体神经系统对排尿的控制,其中尿道内、外括约肌都是一种环形肌肉,逼尿肌分布于膀胱壁.请据图回答:(1)图中尿道内、外括约肌、膀胱逼尿肌属于反射弧中的哪一部分?效应器(2)当膀胱充盈后,人会产生尿意,请用箭头和图中必要文字、字母表示产生尿意的神经传导途径:膀胱壁感受器→c→脊髓腰骶段(或初级排尿中枢)→a→大脑皮层.在整个神经冲动传导的过程中,c神经纤维膜外形成向左(填“左”或“右”)方向的局部电流.(3)当尿液进入尿道后,尿道感受器兴奋,兴奋传入初级排尿中枢,进一步加强排尿中枢的活动,这是一种正反馈(填“正反馈”或“负反馈”)调节.(4)正常情况下,成年人可以有意识地控制排尿,但是由于各种原因,排尿有时会出现异常现象.如受到惊吓后尿失禁,原因是脑对脊髓的反射活动失去控制(或脊髓的反射活动受到脑的控制、位于脊髓的低级中枢受脑中相应的高级中枢的调控).某人在车祸中下丘脑受到暂时性损伤,会使抗利尿激素分泌不足或无法分泌,导致肾上管和集合管对水分的重吸收减少,从而出现多尿症状.21.(2015•吉林校级模拟)图甲表示某自然保护区的能量流动过程,A、B、C、D 代表不同类型的生物,每一营养级所同化的能量都被分为E1、E2两部分.图乙表示某一种野生动物的数量变化曲线.请回答下列问题:(1)图甲中C代表分解者,E2散失到环境中的形式是热能.(2)E1代表的含义储存在生物体内有机物中的能量.(3)为了保证各营养级能量的需求,随着营养级升高,人为输入的有机物应该增加(填增加或减少),图中第二营养级到第三营养级的能量传递效率为16.7% (保留小数点后一位).(4)生态学上有“中度干扰”假说,就是一个生态系统受到中等程度干扰时,由于它们具备自我调节能力,能够维持自身的相对稳定,人类无需参与.但是超过6级的地震灾害对于生态系统来说却是灾难性的,这说明生态系统自我调节能力是有一定限度的.(5)乙图AB段表示地震后该动物数量急剧下降,为了保护该物种不至于被灭绝,在B点应采取易地保护措施,为其提供最后的生存机会.B点时该种群的年龄组成应属于增长型.型D点后一般采用标志重捕方法对该种群进行数量调查.≈16.7%.22.(2015•洛阳二模)回答有关微生物和植物组织培养的问题:(1)在生产过程中,发现葡萄酒变酸,表面观察到菌膜,造成此现象的生物是醋酸菌.腐乳外部有一层致密的“皮”,这是毛霉的匍匐菌丝形成的.制作泡菜时,有时坛内会长一层白膜,这是酵母菌繁殖形成的.(2)微生物的接种方法很多,如平板划线法、稀释涂布平板法、斜面接种等方法,虽然这些技术的操作方法各不相同,但是其核心都是要防止杂菌污染,来保证培养物的纯度.(3)从土壤中分离出分解尿素的细菌之后,对其进一步鉴定,要在以尿素为唯一氮源的培养基中加入酚红指示剂,如果指示剂变红,可初步鉴定该种细菌能够分解尿素.(4)图为花粉植株的培育途径为了挑选到单核期的花药,通常选择完全未开放的月季花蕾.选择花药时一般通过镜检确定花粉发育时期,此时需要对花粉细胞核进行染色,采用的染色剂是焙花青﹣铬钒溶液,它可以将细胞核染成蓝黑色.①表示的生理过程是脱分化.段发育成植株;还有一种途径为:花药愈伤组织胚状体→植株,其中脱23.(2015•吉林校级模拟)南方某柑橘产地由于柑橘大实蝇的危害,橘农遭受到了很大的损失,当地政府想尽一切办法帮助橘农尽量减少损失.(1)有人想提取橘皮精油获取利润,一般提取橘皮精油的方法是压榨法,用这种方法提取橘皮精油的主要步骤是:石灰水浸泡、漂洗、压榨、过滤、静置、再次过滤.(2)橘皮精油的提取之所以不采取水蒸气蒸馏法,是因为水中蒸馏会导致原料焦糊和有效成分部分水解等问题.(3)在提取橘皮精油时,橘皮在石灰水中的浸泡时间为10h 以上,并且橘皮要浸透,这样最后才会得到高的出油率.(4)从橘皮中提取的橘皮精油的特点是无色透明,具有诱人的橘香味.(5)某橘农发现自家有一株橘树具有抗虫性状,欲利用组织培养技术大量繁殖.植物组织培养常用的培养基是MS培养基,该培养基的配方和微生物培养基的配方有什么明显的不同MS培养基以提供无机盐为主,一般含有植物激素,而微生物培养基则以提供有机物为主,不含植物激素.(6)影响植物组织培养的因素很多,其中最关键的激素有生长素和细胞分裂素.它们是启动细胞分裂、脱分化和再分化的关键性激素.。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试生物试题 Word版含答案
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试理科综合试题1.下列关于生物进化的叙述,错误的是()A.生物的种间竞争是一种选择过程B.化石是研究生物进化的重要依据C.外来物种入侵能改变生物进化的速度和方向D.突变的可遗传性阻碍生物进化2.下列与变异有关的叙述,正确的是( )A.三倍体西瓜不能形成正常的配子,是因为秋水仙素抑制纺锤体的形成B.子代的性状分离是基因突变的结果C.DNA连接酶和限制性核酸内切酶是构建重组DNA必需的工具酶D.改良缺乏某种抗病性的水稻品种常采用单倍体育种3.下列关于物质X跨膜运输的描述,不正确的是()A.如果X跨膜运输的方式是自由扩散,则在一定范围内,其运输速率与物质浓度成正比B.如果X是葡萄糖,则在顺浓度梯度的情况下可通过协助扩散进入细胞C.如果X(氧气除外)跨膜运输的方式是被动运输,则其运输速率与氧气浓度无关D.如果X是脂溶性的物质,其跨膜运输的方式一般均为主动运输4.为探究物质P抑制癌细胞增殖的效应,研究人员使用不同浓度的物质P处理人的离体肝癌细胞,实验结果如图所示。
理论上分析,下列相关叙述正确的是()A.随着物质P浓度增加,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用越明显,但与处理时间无关B.随着物质P处理时间的延长,抑制癌细胞增殖的作用越明显,但与浓度无关C.物质P对肿瘤细胞的作用机制,可能与调控细胞凋亡相关基因的表达有关D.通过本实验可以得出结论,物质P抑制癌细胞增殖的最适浓度为1.00g/L5.下列关于对“以32P标记T2噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌”实验的分析中,正确的是()A.本实验使用的生物材料还应该有不含32P的大肠杆菌B.噬菌体培养时间、温度等是本实验的自变量C.本实验预期的最可能结果是上清液的放射性强,而沉淀物中放射性弱D.该实验可以证明DNA是噬菌体的遗传物质第II卷三、非选择题:包括必考题和选考题两部分。
第22—32题为必考题,每个试题考生都做答;第33题—39题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试数学(文)试题含答案
请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分。
22.(本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何证明选讲
切线 与圆切于点 ,圆内有一点 满足 , 的平分线 交圆于 , ,延长 交圆于 ,延长 交圆于 ,连接 .
(1)证明: // ;
(2)求证: .
23.(本小题满分10分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程
以平面直角坐标系的原点 为极点, 轴的正半轴为极轴,已知点 的直角坐标
为(1,-5),点 的极坐标为(4, ),若直线 过点 ,且倾斜角为 ,
圆 以 为圆心,4为半径.
(1)求直线 的参数方程和圆 的极坐标方程;
(2)试判定直线 与圆 的位置关系.
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试
数学(文)试题
2. 为虚数单位,复数 在复平面内对应的点到原点的距离为()
A. B. C. 1D.
3.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为()
A. B. C. D.
4.若实数 , 满足线性约束条件 ,则 的最大值为()
A.0 B.4 C.5 D.7
,则 _______
16.给出下列四个命题:
①若 ,且 则 ;
②设 ,命题“若 ”的否命题是真命题;
③函数 的一条对称轴是直线 ;
④若定义在 上的函数 是奇函数,则对定义域内的任意 必有 .
其中,所有正确命题的序号是
三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。
17.(本小题满分12分)
当x+=,即x=π时,sin= ,g(x)取得最小值 1
19.(本小题满分12分)
吉林省实验中学2015届高考数学二模试卷文(含解析)
吉林省实验中学2015届高考数学二模试卷(文科)一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,满分60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.(5分)设集合M={x|x2﹣2≤0},则下列关系正确的是()A.0⊆M B.0∉M C.0∈M D.2∈M2.(5分)i为虚数单位,复数在复平面内对应的点到原点的距离为()A.B.C.1 D.3.(5分)某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为()A.6 B.2C.3 D.34.(5分)若实数x,y满足线性约束条件,则z=2x+y的最大值为()A.0 B.4 C.5 D.75.(5分)下列函数是偶函数,且在[0,1]上单调递增的是()A.y=cos(x+)B.y=1﹣2cos22x C.y=﹣x2D.y=|sin(π+x)|6.(5分)在正项等比数列{a n}中,lga3+lga6+lga9=6,则a1a11的值是()A.10000 B.1000 C.100 D.107.(5分)已知向量,是两个不共线的向量,若=2﹣与=+λ共线,则λ=()A.2 B.﹣2 C.﹣D.8.(5分)在△ABC中,点D是BC中点,若∠A=60°,•=,则||的最小值是()A.B.C.D.9.(5分)已知函数f(x)的导函数图象如图所示,若△ABC为锐角三角形,则一定成立的是()A.f(cosA)<f(cosB)B.f(sinA)<f(cosB) C. f(sinA)>f (sinB)D.f(sinA)>f(cosB)10.(5分)数列{a n}满足a1=1,且对于任意的n∈N*都有a n+1=a n+a1+n,则++…+等于()A.B.C.D.11.(5分)已知f(x)为偶函数,当x≥0时,f(x)=﹣(x﹣1)2+1,满足f[f(a)]=的实数a的个数为()A.2 B.4 C.6 D.812.(5分)已知函数f(x)=,函数g(x)=asin(x)﹣2a+2(a>0),若存在x1,x2∈[0,1],使得f(x1)=g(x2)成立,则实数a的取值范围是()A.[﹣,1] B.[,] C.[,] D.[,2]二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.(5分)已知m∈R,向量=(m,1),=(2,﹣6),且⊥,则|﹣|=.14.(5分)将函数y=sin2x的图象向左平移φ(φ>0)个单位,可得到函数的图象,则φ的最小值为.15.(5分)若函数f(x)(x∈R)是周期为4的奇函数,且在[0,2]上的解析式为f(x)=,则f()+f()=.16.(5分)给出下列四个命题:①若x>0,且x≠1则lgx+≥2;②设x,y∈R,命题“若xy=0,则x2+y2=0”的否命题是真命题;③函数y=cos(2x﹣)的一条对称轴是直线x=π;④若定义在R上的函数y=f(x)是奇函数,则对定义域内的任意x必有f(2x+1)+f(﹣2x ﹣1)=0.其中,所有正确命题的序号是.三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共70分,解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.(12分)在等差数列{a n}中,a2+a7=﹣23,a3+a8=﹣29.(Ⅰ)求数列{a n}的通项公式;(Ⅱ)设数列{a n+b n}是首项为1,公比为c的等比数列,求{b n}的前n项和S n.18.(12分)已知函数.(1)求f(x)的最小正周期;(2)若将f(x)的图象向右平移个单位,得到函数g(x)的图象,求函数g(x)在区间[0,π]上的最大值和最小值.19.(12分)正方形ADEF与梯形ABCD所在平面互相垂直,AD⊥CD,AB∥CD,AB=AD=CD=2,点M是EC中点.(Ⅰ)求证:BM∥平面ADEF;(Ⅱ)求三棱锥M﹣BDE的体积.20.(12分)在△ABC中,角A、B、C所对的边分别为a、b、c,己知=(cosA,sinA),=(2cosA,﹣2cosA),•=﹣1.(Ⅰ)若a=2,c=2,求△ABC的面积;(Ⅱ)求的值.21.(12分)已知f(x)=xlnx﹣ax,g(x)=﹣x2﹣2.(1)当a=﹣1时,求f(x)的单调区间;(2)对一切x∈(0,+∞),f(x)≥g(x)恒成立,求实数a的取值范围;(3)证明:对一切x∈(0,+∞),都有成立.请考生在第22、23、24三题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.选修4-1:几何证明选讲22.(10分)选修4﹣1:几何证明选讲切线AB与圆切于点B,圆内有一点C满足AB=AC,∠CAB的平分线AE交圆于D,E,延长EC交圆于F,延长DC交圆于G,连接FG.(Ⅰ)证明:AC∥FG;(Ⅱ)求证:EC=EG.选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程23.以直角坐标系的原点O为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴.已知点P的直角坐标为(1,﹣5),点M的极坐标为(4,).若直线l过点P,且倾斜角为,圆C以M为圆心、4为半径.(Ⅰ)求直线l的参数方程和圆C的极坐标方程;(Ⅱ)试判定直线l和圆C的位置关系.选修4-5:不等式选讲24.已知函数f(x)=|x﹣2|﹣|x﹣5|,(1)求函数f(x)的值域;(2)解不等式f(x)≥x2﹣8x+15.吉林省实验中学2015届高考数学二模试卷(文科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,满分60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
吉林省实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试英语试题
吉林实验中学2015届高三上学期第二次模拟考试英语试题Me ier, 43, a marketing director in Beaver Falls, prefers her books on paper, not screens. After working on a computer all day, she says, “I want a book in my hand. Turning over its pages is my way of knowing it's time to relax and slow down.” Meier, who's sticking with physical books, doesn't consider herself any kind of digital “resister.” “I'm comfortable with all forms of technology,” she says. “However, when it comes to books, I suppose I'm a traditionalist. My preference w ill always be the real thing.”To her, part of the joy of reading is the book itself: “pulling it from the shelf, inspecting the cover, letting it fall open to a random page.”Both have lots of company. Statistics show that e-book sales grew 43% last year, but that's a slowdown compared with the triple-digit increases in recent years. E-books remain the fastest-growing part of the book market but account for only about 20% of all sales, reported by publishers.Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition. Even though e-book sales have grown more than 4,000% since 2008, it's unlikely that physical books will disappear the way records did in the music industry.21. Miscioscio will ______ when a book is not available digitally.A. give up reading such kind of booksB. switch to the book of lower priceC. buy the book on paperD. take an e-reader onto the loungers22. According to Meier, her “preference” refers to ______.A. paper bookB. part of joyC. a random pageD. an e-book23. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Records are unlikely to disappear in the music industry.B. Miscioscio and Meier are two opponents in book business.C. The market share of e-books is bigger than that of paper books.D. Physical books will remain to be accepted to some people.24. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. E-books will dominate the book industry eventually.B. Readers go their own way in choosing books.C. New technology brings more benefits for readers.D. Physical books will disappear gradually in the future.BGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.25. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.B. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsC. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inD. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease26. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A. Uninterested.B. Curious.C. Approving.D. Afraid.27. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By following the order of time.B. By making comparisons.C. By providing examples.D. By following the order of importance.28. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To present the change of views on dirt.D. To call attention to the danger of dirt.CIt all began with a stop at a red light.Kevin Salwen was driving his 14-year-old daughter, Hannah, back from a sleepover in 2006 . While waiting at a traffic light, they saw a black Mercedes Coupe on one side and a homeless man begging for food on the other.“Dad, if that man had a less nice car, that man there could have a meal.” Hannah protested. The light changed and they drove on, but Hannah was too young to be reasonable. She pestered(纠缠)her parents about inequity, insisting that she wanted to do something.“What do you want to do?” her mom responded. “Sell our house?”Warning! Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealistic teenager. Hannah seized upon the idea of selling the luxurious family home and donating half the proceeds to charity, while using the other half to buy a more modest replacement home.Eventually, that’s what the family did. The project —crazy, impetuous (鲁莽的)and utterly inspiring — is written down in detail in a book by father and daughter scheduled to be published next month: “The Power of Half.” It’s a book that, frankly, I’d be nervous about leaving around where my own teenage kids might find it. An impressionable child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.At a time of enormous needs in Haiti and elsewhere, when so many Americans are trying to help Haitians by sending everything from text messages to shoes, the Salwens offer an example of a family that came together to make a difference — for themselves as much as the people they were trying to help. In a column a week ago, it described neurological (神经生物学的)evidence from brain scans that unselfishness lights up parts of the brain normally associated with more primary satisfaction. The Salwens’experience confirms the selfish pleasures of selflessness.Mr. Salwen and his wife, Joan, had always assumed that their kids would be better off in a bigger house. But after they downsized, there was much less space to retreat to, so the family members spent more time around each other. A smaller house unexpectedly turned out to be a more family-friendly house.29. What does the underlined word “inequity” most probably mean in Paragraph 3?A. Unfairness.B. Satisfaction.C. Reasonable statementD. Personal attitude.30. What does the underlined sentence “Never suggest a grand gesture to an idealisticteenager.” means? ______A. Don’t respond to a child's demands firmly without consideration.B. Unless a child is realistic, never give an answer immediately.C. Give an answer if the child is reasonable.D. Never give a quick answer to an idealistic teenager.31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The Salwens regretted selling their house.B. The relationship between the family members of the Salwens is much closer.C. Small houses can bring happiness.D. The Salwens intend to buy another big house.32. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mercedes Coupe is only an ordinary car which is quite cheap.B. Unselfishness has nothing to do with people’s primary satisfaction.C. Hannah asked her parents to do something charitable and they sold their house.D. The writer’s children asked him to sell their house.DHumans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew (腱). And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch (缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewi ng that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle (脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s ha nds free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement(侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties(版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.33. Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____.A. people did not know how to put out the fireB. Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his inventionC. workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fireD. the sewi ng machines couldn’t work finally34. Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?A. Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.B. Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.C. Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.D. Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.35. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Early History of the Sewing MachineB. The Case between Howe and SingerC. Patent Laws on the Sewing MachineD. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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吉林省实验中学2015届高三第二次模拟考试高三2010-11-17 16:22吉林省实验中学2015届高三第二次模拟考试语文试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
共150分,考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
文质论①在古代文论中,我们常常见到“文”和“质”这一对词语。
它们被用来评论作家作品,概括一定时代的文学风貌,还被用来说明文学的发展等,因此准确理解它们的含义十分重要。
“文”字的本义是指线条交错或者色彩错杂,由此引申出华丽、有文采的意思。
而“质”字,凡事物未经雕饰便叫做“质”,犹如器物的毛坯、绘画的底子,因此含有质朴、朴素的意思。
这一对词语最初不是用于评论文学,而是用来评论人物的。
《论语·雍也》记载,孔子曾说过“质胜文则野,文胜质则史。
文质彬彬,然后君子”的话。
这段话中的“文”、“质”,人们一般解释为:“质”是指“诚”一类内在的道德,“文”则是指文化知识一类外在的东西,“文”和“质”是形式和内容的关系。
其实按孔子原意,这里的“文”、“质”是指文华和质朴,都是就一个人的文化修养、言谈举止、礼仪节操而言的。
一个人若是缺少文化修养,言辞拙朴,不讲礼仪,便如同“草野之人”;相反,若是过分地文饰言辞,讲究繁文缛礼,就如同那些掌管文辞礼仪的史官了。
这里不存在本末内外的关系。
②以“文”、“质”二字论文学、论社会政治生活,与用它们来论人物有着密切关系。
《韩非子·难言》论述向国君进谏之难:“繁于文采,则见以为史。
……以质信言,则见以为鄙。
”这句话可能就是本诸《论语》。
其中“繁于文采”即“文”,“以质信言”即“质”,分别指两种不同的语言风格。
再后来,东汉班彪说《史记》“辩而不华,质而不俚,文质相称,盖良史之才也”,很可能也是从《论语》的话而来。
“质而不俚”是说文风质朴而不至于俚俗鄙野。
“文质相称”是说文饰润色恰到好处,无过与不及之弊。
魏晋以后文论中用“文”、“质”二字,多数情况下也都是指作品的外部风貌而言;只有少数场合可理解为近似于今日所谓的形式和内容。
③总之,古代文论中经常出现的“文”、“质”这对词语,大致上具有一以贯之的含义。
古代批评家要求文学作品能够呈现出一种文质彬彬的动人风貌。
当他们不满于文坛风气过于靡丽时,便强调“质”的方面;而当文风过于质朴时,又有人出来强调“文”的方面。
“文”、“质”这对概念,体现了古人对文学作品的审美要求和他们对文学发展规律的认识。
(摘编自王运熙《中国文学批评史上的文质论》)1.根据原文,下列有关“文”和“质”的表述,不符合意思的一项是()A.中国古代,“文”和“质”从一开始就是用来评论人物的,其中“文”是华丽有文采之意,“质”含有质朴、朴素之意。
B.“文”和“质”这一对概念在评论作家作品、概括时代文学风貌等方面具有重要作用,所以必须准确理解它们的含义。
C.孔子认为,“文”有文华之意,“质”是质朴之意,“文质彬彬,然后君子”就是文华与质朴相配得当才能成为君子。
D.人们一般认为,“文质彬彬”就是形式和内容互相协调,其中“质”是指内在的道德,“文”是指外在的表现。
2.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是()A.魏晋以后文论中“文”、“质”二字的含义也大都沿用了孔子的意思,只是少数场合可以大体理解为形式和内容。
B.韩非子说“以质信言,则见以为鄙”,其中“以质信言”是指以质朴的语言进谏,“鄙”则与孔子话中的“野”意思相同。
C.班彪说《史记》“文质相称”,这可能是借用了《论语》的意思,从文学角度对《史记》外部风貌作出了高度评价。
D.“质胜文则野,文胜质则史”,这里“文”和“质”是就一个人的文化修养等而言的,“野”和“史”也没有本末内外的关系。
3.下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是()A.《韩非子·难言》指出,如果分别采用“文”或“质”不同风格,就无法达到向国君进谏的目的。
这是“文”、“质”涉及社会生活的一个例子。
B.从古代文论来看,如果人们在文学创作中兼用华美和质朴的语言,那就会使文学作品呈现出一种文质彬彬的动人风貌。
C.“文”和“质”这一对概念的含义,不但在古代文论中大致上是一以贯之的,它跟最初评论人物时的意义也是一脉相承的。
D.当古代批评家不满于文坛风气,要求加强“ 文”或“质”的时候,就意味着当时文坛可能已经过于质朴或过于靡丽了。
二、古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成4—7题。
朱修之,字恭祖,义兴平氏人也。
曾祖焘,晋平西将军。
祖序,豫州刺史。
父谌,益州刺史。
修之自州主簿迁司徒从事中郎,文帝谓曰:“卿曾祖昔为王导丞相中郎,卿今又为王弘中郎,可谓不忝尔祖矣。
”后随到彦之北伐。
彦之自河南回,留修之戍滑台,为虏所围,数月粮尽,将士熏鼠食之,遂陷于虏。
拓跋焘嘉其守节,以为侍中,妻以宗室女。
修之潜谋南归,妻疑之,每流涕问其意,修之深嘉其义,竟不告也。
后鲜卑冯弘称燕王,拓跋焘伐之,修之与邢怀明并从。
又有徐卓者,复欲率南人窃发,事泄被诛。
修之、怀明惧奔冯弘,弘不礼。
留一年,会宋使传诏至,修之名位素显,传诏见即拜之。
彼国敬传诏,谓为“天子边人”,见其致敬于修之,乃始加礼。
时魏屡伐弘,或说弘遣修之归求救,遂遣之。
元嘉九年,至京邑,以为黄门侍郎,累迁江夏内史。
雍州刺史刘道产卒,群蛮大动,修之为征西司马讨蛮,失利。
孝武初,为宁蛮校尉、雍州刺史,加都督。
修之在政宽简,士众悦附。
及荆州刺史南郡王义宣反,檄修之举兵;修之伪与之同,而遣使陈诚于帝。
帝嘉之,以为荆州刺史。
义宣闻修之不与己同,乃以鲁秀为雍州刺史,击襄阳。
修之命断马鞍山道,秀不得前,乃退。
及义宣败于梁山,单舟南走,修之率众南定遗寇。
时竺超民执义宣,修之至,乃杀之,以功封南昌县侯。
修之治身清约,凡所赠贶,一无所受。
有饷,或受之,而旋与佐吏分之,终不入己,唯以抚纳群蛮为务。
征为左民尚书,转领军将军。
去镇,秋毫不犯,计在州然油及牛马谷草,以私钱十六万偿之。
然性俭克少恩情,姊在乡里,饥寒不立,修之未尝供赡。
尝往视姊,姊欲激之,为设菜羹粗饭,修之曰:“此乃贫家好食。
”致饱而去。
(节选自《宋书·朱修之传》,有删改)4.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.可谓不忝尔祖矣忝:辱没B.修之、怀明惧奔冯弘,弘不礼礼:以礼相待C.时竺超民执义宣执:掌管D.而旋与佐吏分之旋:随即5.下列句子中,全都表现朱修之能守节的一组是(3分)()①修之潜谋南归②留修之戍滑台,为虏所围③而遣使陈诚于帝④复欲率南人窃发⑤凡所赠贶,一无所受⑥修之率众南定遗寇A.①②⑤ B.①③⑥ C.②④⑥D.③④⑤6.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.在平定义宣的叛乱中,朱修之先是假装同意和义宣一起叛乱,然后又断了鲁秀的进攻道路,使他无功而返,最终朱修之又杀了义宣。
B.朱修之和他的曾祖父、祖父、父亲一样,都担任不小的官职。
后来跟随到彦之北伐,在留守滑台的时候,被敌人围困,虽坚持数月,但最终被俘。
C.虽然拓跋焘很赏识他,但朱修之毕竟是南人而时时想着回去。
后来在随拓跋焘讨伐冯弘时,终于找机会逃走,最终在传诏的帮助下回到了宋国。
D.朱修之虽然非常节约,但对生活贫困的姐姐显得薄情少恩。
他看望姐姐时,姐姐准备了很差的饭菜来激他,但他并没有为之所动。
7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分)(1)拓跋焘嘉其守节,以为侍中,妻以宗室女。
(5分)(2)及义宣败于梁山,单舟南走,修之率众南定遗寇。
(5 分)(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)阅读下面这首宋诗,然后回答8-9题。
题西溪无相院①张先积水涵虚上下清,几家门静岸痕平。
浮萍破处见山影,小艇归时闻草声。
入郭僧寻尘里去,过桥人似鉴②中行。
已凭暂雨添秋色,莫放修芦碍月生。
【注释】①无相院:即无相寺,在湖州西南黄於山,始建于吴越。
②鉴:镜子。
8.“浮萍破处见山影,小艇归时闻草声”这两句诗写景有怎样的特点?请简要分析。
(6分)9.张先在当时就有一个绰号,叫做“张三影”,这首诗也多处写“影”,有明写有暗写。
请找出两处暗写“影”的诗句,并加以说明。
(5分)(三)名篇名句默写(6分)10.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
(6分)(1)宫中府中,俱为一体,,。
(诸葛亮《出师表》)(2),。
农人告余以春及,将有事于西畴。
(陶渊明《归去来兮辞》)(3)或取诸怀抱,;或因寄所托,。
(王羲之《兰亭集序》)乙选考题请考生将以下三、四两大题中选定一大题作答,只能做所选定大题内的小题,不得选做另一大题内的小题。
如果多做,刚按所做的第一大题记分。
作答时,用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的大题号涂黑三、文学类文本阅读(25分)11.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)——(4)题。
(25分)洗澡王安忆行李房前的马路上没有一棵树,太阳就这样直晒下来。
他已经将八大包书捆上了自行车,自行车再也动不了了。
那小伙子早已注意他了,很有信心地骑在他的黄鱼车上,他徒劳地推了推车,车却要倒,扶也扶不住。
小伙子朝前骑了半步,又朝后退了半步,然后说:“ 师傅要去哪里?”他看了那人一眼停了一下,才说:“静安寺。
”小伙子就说:“十五块钱。
”他说:“十块钱。
”小伙子又说:“十二块钱。
”他要再争,这时候,知了忽然鸣了起来,马路对面原来有一株树,树影团团的。
他泄了气似地,浑身没劲。
小伙子跃下黄鱼车,三五下解开了绳子,将书两包两包地搬上了黄鱼车。
然后,他们就上路了。
路上,小伙子问他:“你家住在静安寺?”他说:“是。
”小伙子又问:“你家有浴缸吗?”他警觉起来,心想这人是不是要在他家洗澡?便含含糊糊地说:“恩。
”小伙子接着问:“你是在哪里上班?”“机关”。
“那你们单位里有浴缸吗?”小伙子再问,他说:“有是有,不过……”他也想含糊过去,可是小伙子看着他,等待下文,他只得说下去:“不过,那浴缸基本没人洗,太大了,需要很多热水。
”路两边的树很稀疏,太阳烤着他俩的背,他俩的汗衫都湿了,从货站到静安寺,几乎斜穿了整个上海。
他很渴,可是心想:如果要喝汽水,要不要给他买呢?想到这里,就打消了念头。
小伙子又问道:“你每天在家还是在单位洗澡呢?”他先说“在家”,可一想这人也许是想在他家洗澡,就改口说“单位”,这时又想起自己刚说过单位浴缸没人用,就又补了句:“看情况而定。
”那人接着问:“你家的浴缸是大还是小?”他不得已的说:“很小。
”“怎样小?”“像我这样的人坐在里面要蜷着腿。
”“那你就要把水放满,泡在里面;或者就站在里面,用脸盆盛水往身上泼,反倒比较省水。
”“ 是的。
”他答应道,心里却动了一下,望了一眼那人汗淋淋的身子,想:其实让他洗个澡也没什么。
可是想到女人说过“厨房可以合用,洗澡间却不能合用”的一些道理,就再没想下去。