UnitDifficultSentences
Unit 语言点Te t A 供复习
Unit 1 Book 3FriendshipText A What Is Friendship?I. Difficult Sentences1. When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there isa lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person afriend.(1) What are “socially acknowledged criteria”?(=“Socially acknowledged criteria” are established standards that are accepted by all the people in the society.)(2) Translate this sentence.(=我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。
)2. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the labelmay seem less appropriate.What does this sentence imply?(=The criteria for friendship vary from setting to setting.)3. They take pleasure in each other’s company only in so far as they havehopes of advantage from it.(1) Do they enjoy being together purely because they like each other?(= No, they are together just because they expect to benefit from their relationship.)(2) Translate this sentence.(=只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。
Unit 2 Text A language focus and difficult sentences
Unit 2 Text A The humanities: out of date?nguage Focus Words and expressions1.when the going gets tough:when the situation becomes difficultWhen the going gets tough,women can get as tough as men.当形势变得严峻时，女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。
2.calculate:vt.1)make a judgment about what is likely to happen using the available inform ation估计，预测，推测It is difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law.这些法律上的变化带来的长期影响是难以预测的。
2)find out how much sth.will cost,how long sth.Will take计算，核算Let me calculate the cost of the journey.让我计算一下旅途的用费。
3.boost：increase or improve sth.to make it more successful促进，推动，使兴旺These changes will help to boost share prices.这些变化将有助于提高股票价格。
4.prospect n.sth.that is possible or likely to happen in the future,or the possibilityitself可能的事情，前景The prospect for East Asia’s economic development is promising.东亚经济发展的前景是光明的。
中国初高中学生学英语较难的句式
中国初高中学生学英语较难的句式Learning English can be challenging for Chinese middle and high school students, especially when it comes to mastering certain sentence structures. In this article, we will explore some of the most difficult sentence patterns for Chinese students learning English, and provide some tips and strategies for overcoming these challenges.One of the most challenging aspects of English for Chinese students is the use of articles "a", "an", and "the". In Chinese, there are no direct equivalents to these articles, so it can be difficult to understand when and how to use them in English sentences. Additionally, word order in English sentences is different from Chinese, which can also pose a challenge for students. In Chinese, the basic word order is subject-verb-object, while in English it is subject-verb-object.Another difficult aspect of English for Chinese students is the use of verb tenses. English has many different tenses, including past, present, and future, as well as perfect and continuous forms of each tense. In Chinese, verb tenses are often indicated by time markers or context, so the concept of using different verb forms to indicate time can be difficult to grasp.In addition to verb tenses, Chinese students often struggle with the use of modal verbs, such as "can", "could", "may", and "might". These verbs can be tricky to understand and use correctly, as they have different meanings and functions in English compared to Chinese.Furthermore, the use of passive voice in English can be challenging for Chinese students. In Chinese, the passive voice is not commonly used, so students may find it difficult to understand when and how to use passive constructions in English sentences.Moreover, the use of phrasal verbs in English can also be difficult for Chinese students. Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that have idiomatic meanings. For Chinese students, understanding themeanings of phrasal verbs and how to use them correctly in sentences can be a daunting task.To help Chinese students overcome these challenges, it is important to provide plenty of practice and exposure to English sentence structures. This can be done through activities such as reading, writing, and speaking exercises that focus on using the difficult sentence patterns in context. Additionally, providing clear explanations and examples of how these structures are used in English can help students better understand and apply them in their own language production.In conclusion, learning English can be difficult for Chinese middle and high school students, especially when it comes to mastering certain sentence structures. By focusing on the specific challenges mentioned above and providing targeted practice and support, educators can help students overcome these difficulties and become more confident and proficient English speakers and writers. With patience and perseverance, Chinese students can improve their English language skills and succeed in their academic and professional pursuits.。
新编实用英语综合教程2unit_1_教案
learn how to invite friends to attend a party or adance in oral English.students will fine tune their listening and comprehensionskills through exercises relating to inviting people out.students will learnhow foreign people dealwith invitations,when one wants to accept or does not accept.get some practical experience and writing a invitationand a reply to the invitation one gets.:Patterns and expressions for talking about invitations:I’dliketoinviteyoutodinner.我想请你吃晚饭。
Why don’t you come and join us for disco?你为什么不和我们一起跳迪斯科？It’s very kind of you to invite me.谢谢你邀请我。
How nice of you! Many thanks.你真好！多谢。
I’dlove to. That wouldbe grea t.我很愿意去。
太好了！Oh, dear, I’m afraid I’m busy tonight. Perhaps tomorrow evening?哦，亲爱的，今晚我很忙。
明晚也许可以吧？Could you make it another time, perhaps next Sunday?你能改个时间吗，下个星期天怎样？It’s very kind of you, but you see I’ll have to prepare for my exam.非常感谢，可你知道我得准备考试。
全新大学英语第二版 BOOK1-UNIT 5 教案
Teaching Plan of Unit 5, Book 1Work to Live or Live to WorkText A The Company ManTeaching Objectives:Students will be able to1.understand the main idea and structure of Text A ;2.Appreciate how the bitter and ironic tone of this text is mainly achieved (by choice of words andselection of details) and how emphasis and irony can be reached(by using some rhetorical device);3.learn to describe a person (A typical workaholic) by using some supporting details;4.master the key language points and grammatical structures in Text A and learn how to use them incontext;5.understand the cultural background related to the content;6.conduct a series of reading, speaking and writing activities centered upon the theme of the unit;7.Write a letter of condolence or sympathy letter in an appropriate way.Time Allotment: 4-5 class hoursTeaching Methodology: student-centered; group work, pair workTeaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading tasks1. Think- pair-share: Ask students to brainstorm proverbs about work.Suggested answers:1) All work and no play make Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. (English Proverb)2) Business sweetens pleasure, and labour sweetens rest.工作后消遣更愉快，劳动后休息更舒畅。
unit 5 difficult sentences
D. the residents had been permitted
4) ___ A by keeping down costs will Power
Data hold its advantage over other
companies. (2006浙江)
A. Only
B. Just
C. Still D. Yet
5) Only then ___ D how much damage
had been caused. (2006陕西)
A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela
-a modern hero
Period II difficult sentences
Sentence enjoyment
1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 2. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 3. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 4. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 5. This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 6.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 7. The part of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 8. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of south Africa. 9. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.
2Difficult+Sentences
Unit2 Difficult Sentences1.He sounded as if he had a cold or something. (Para. 2)What can we infer from this sentence?(This sentence implies the sad state of mind the taxi driver was in.)2.At least they do with me because I’m on the road so much. (Para. 5)Paraphrase the sentence.(At least letters from home mean a lot to me because I travel a lot for long distances.)3.It might just as well have been family. (Para. 6)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(也可以算是一家人。
)4.But I take it he’s someone you’ve known quite a while? (Para. 7)What does “I take it” mean?(“I take it” means “I understand (that); I assume (that)”.- As I take it, they won’t accept the proposal.)5.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: “I should have kept in touch. Yes,” he repeated, “I should have kept in touch.” (Para.16)1) Paraphrase the sentence.(But I realized that the taxi driver was still thinking of Old Ed when he spoke again. It seemed that he spoke more to himself than to me. He repeated that he should have kept in touch.)2) Why did the driver repeat that he should have kept in touch?(He could have let Ed know how he missed him.)6.It had references to things tha t probably meant something to the driver, … (Para. 21)1) What does it refer to?(It refers to the letter.)2) What does reference mean here?(It means the act of mentioning.)3) Paraphrase the sentence.(The letter mentioned something that might be important to the driver.)7.“Like it says there,” he answered, “about all we had to spend in those days was time.” (Para. 23)Paraphrase the sentence.(“As the letter says there,” he answered, “though we didn’t have much money we had a lot of free time.”)8.There are fewer and fewer still around. (Para. 25)Paraphrase the sentence.(Fewer and fewer of us are left alive.)9.But we hung out on the same corner when we were single. (Para. 28)Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.[But we passed our free time together before we got married. (不过没成家时我俩总在一起闲荡。
unit 5 Difficult Sentences and important words
Ⅰ. Difficult Sentences1.(LL. 8~9) It combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=它融合了体操运动员的优雅与健美运动员的力量。
)2.(LL. 16~20) He would be running sown a country road. As he raced between golden wheatfields, he would…Why is Michael’s dream of flying described in details?(=Because Michael has a very deep impression about the dream. There are two evidence for that: 1) His mother read him numerous stories about flying when he was growing up. 2) He always dreamed of flying.)3.(L. 21) Where he flew would always coincide with his mother’s stories.Paraphrase the sentence.(=In his dreams, he would always fly over those places described in his mother’s stories.)4.(L. 23) His dad, on the other hand, was not a dreamer.1. What is function of the phrase “on the other hand”?(=The phrase is used for comparing different things or ideas.)2. What can you infer from the phrase?(=Michael’ s parents are totally different types of people and they play the different roles in Michael’s success.)5.(LL. 47~48) Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would not allow himself the thought ofnot winning first place.1. Paraphrase the first part of the sentence.(=He would not be ashamed of getting himself the second place, bu t…)2. What can you learn from the sentence?(=Michael holds a very attitude toward the competition. On the one hand, he wouldn’t think it is a shame of winning the second place, on the other hand, he would try his best to win the first place.)6.(LL. 54) Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay.1. Paraphrase the sentence.(=If something strikes you like a wet bale of hay, it comes as a sudden, forceful and unpleasant surprise.)2. Use some adjectives to describe how Michael felt at that time.(=He felt anxious, tense, nervous, etc.)7.(LL. 68~69) The silence was deafening.Is this sentence contradictory with “silence” and “deafening”?(=No. “Deafening” here is used to modify “the silence”. It is not an ordinary silence, but a deafening one. This shows both Michael and the crowd are very tense at that moment.)8.(L. 76) Only this time he knew he wasn’t dreaming.What does “only” mean here?(=“Only” here means “but”.)Ⅱ. Words and Expressions1.(L. 1) sweat:1.v. produce sweat*The white shirts were sweated through.*He was sweating after working so hard.2. n. liquid which comes out from the body through the skin to cool it(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus.)2.(L. 8) grace: n.1) quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room.*She danced with a grace that surprised us.2) kindness; willingness to do what is right*She had the grace to say that he was right.*他勉强地承认他错了。
difficult sentences
1.Do you have a family?正确译文：你有孩子吗？2.It's a good father that knows his son。
就算是最好的父亲，也未必了解自己的儿子。
3.I have no opinion of that sort of man。
我对这类人很反感。
4.She put 5 dollars into my hand,"you have been a great man today."她把5美圆塞到我手上说："你今天表现得很好."5.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two。
我是最小的儿子，但是我还有两个妹妹。
6.The picture flattered her。
她比较上照。
7.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England。
她杂那个国家水土不服，所以回到了英国。
8. He is a walking skeleton。
他很瘦。
9.The machine is in repair。
机器已经修好了。
10.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty。
他让法官的职责战胜了父子的亲情，最终宣布儿子有罪。
11.You don't know what you are talking about。
你在胡说八道。
12.You don't begin to understand what they mean。
你根本不知道他们在干嘛.don't begin ：决不13.They didn't praise him slightly。
他们大大地表扬了他。
14.That's all I want to hear。
U4 difficult sentences
1.For some reason he particularly wanted to take care of Emmy that morning. So he fed her and bathed and dressed her. He packed up both our cars, made sure Emmy was tucked into her car seat, and kissed her.那天早晨，不知什么原因，他特想要照顾埃米。
他给她喂奶、给她洗澡、给她穿衣。
他把两辆车的行李都装好，把埃米在汽车座椅上安置妥当，并吻了吻她。
2.Tuesdays morning found me in the kitchen, fumbling with the lid of the doughnut box, when I heard my father say something about the World Trade Center.星期二早晨我正在厨房里设法打开一盒炸圈饼的盒盖时，听到父亲在说什么世贸中心的事。
3.I looked in the living room at the TV, and saw the image of the fire poking through the blackened holes in the tower’s silver skin.我向起居室的电视瞧去，看见屏幕上出现了从世贸中心大楼的银色外墙上被熏黑的洞中窜出的大火。
4.He said there were maybe 30 or 35 passengers, herded to the back. For some reason, however, no one was guarding them back there.他说约有30到35位乘客，都被驱赶到客舱的后部，但，不知怎的，却无人看管他们。
Difficult sentences
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找 从属连词
• ① Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. whereas引导了一个从句，即 a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, 而it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语 为不定式。
• 从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即: • 1.名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句; • 2.形容词性从句，既定语从句; • 3.副词性从句，既状语从句。
四、 改变语序
• 改变语序主要指倒装句式。是为了强调句子的意 义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟 语气、否定语气等。 • Little did he know that the police were after him • Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave • Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 直到河里的鱼全死了，村民们才意识到污染是多 么严重。
difficult sentences
1.No wonder, then, that designing, producing and marketing packages has grown into such an enterprise, a business of equal parts of art and artifice, science and deception.这就难怪既有其艺术性，又有其伪装性，既有其科学性，又有其欺骗性的包装行业的设计、生产和销售市场获得了蓬勃发展。
2.Market researcher Davis Masten says that the challenge of packaging is to create an identity to which the buyer aspires, not to reflect the buyer’s true identity.市场调查员戴维斯·梅森指出，包装的挑战就是要创造一个购买者渴望拥有的形象，而不是去反映购买者的真实身份。
3.Yellow, when golden, connotes quality, but in its more garish shades evokes the cut-rate, not always an undesirable effect.黄色，当其色调为金色时暗示着高质量，而如果色调过于艳丽则会令人想到廉价货，有时反而也会有一种意想不到的效果。
Unit21.I take in the green porch swing, the table, the twin bed where my sister sleeps, the smoky glass of kerosene lantern.我看到了绿色的门廊秋千、桌子、姐姐睡的双层床和被烟熏黑的煤油灯玻璃罩。
2.The last thing this 14-year-old wants to do is leave a warm bed to see the sun rise.14岁的我最不愿做的就是离开暖和的被窝去看日出。
Unit 8 Difficult Sentences
Unit 8 Difficult SentencesSection A1. Outraged at the apparent stinginess of the person who lost the cash, these teachers took up a collection for the boy. (L. 8-10, Para. 2)这位失主显而易见的吝啬令这些老师感到愤慨，于是他们主动为那男孩募捐。
2. About a week or so later, they presented the boy with a $150 check, explaining they felt his honesty should be commended. (L. 10-11, Para. 2)大约一个星期后，他们将一张150美元的支票交给了这个男孩，并解释说他们认为他的诚实应该受到嘉奖。
3. Evidently the virtues of honesty and kindness have become commodities that, like everything else, are subject to inflation. (L. 11-12, Para. 2)很明显，诚实与善良这些品德已经变成了商品，像其他任何东西一样，也受到同货膨胀的影响。
4. In retrospect, one can’t help but wonder what dollar amount these teachers would have deemed a sufficient reward. (L. 12-14, Para. 2)回想起此事，人们不禁想问一问这些老师，究竟他们认为多少钱才算得上够分量的酬谢。
5. A reward is a gift; any gift should at least be met with the assumption of genuine gratitude on the part of the giver. (L 17-20, Para. 2)一份酬谢就是一份礼物，任何一件礼物至少都应该被认为是出于赠予者的真诚感谢之情。
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程3第二单元讲义
Unit 2 Book 3LoveI. Difficult Sentences1. Given the busy nature of our lives, it’s to be appreciated that weeven findthe time to indulge in matters of the heart.(1) What does “matters of the heart” mean(=something spiritual and emotional like love.)(2) Paraphrase this sentence.(=Taking into account that we are all busy satisfying our material needs,we should feel grateful that we still have the time to enjoy the feeling of\loving and being loved.)2. Harmless puppy loves that are as brief as soap bubbles.(1) What are puppy loves(=Puppy loves happen to people too young to understand true love.)(2) What are the same characteristics that puppy loves and soap bubblesshare according to the sentence(=They are both short in existence and won’t produce too much influence on people nor will they do harm to people.)3. …nothing could be more serious an affair for me.(1) What does this sentence imply(= To me, a love affair was the most serious thing.)(2) Analyze this sentence grammatically.(=The structure “nothing can be more (+adj.) than sth.”means sth.is the most (=adj.). When the comparative degree is used in a negative sentence, most often it means the superlative degree.More examples:*Nobody can do the job better than he can.*It can’t be worse.)4. Those three hours of unhesitant attention by a group of well-groomedyounggentlemen provided with enough content to talk and feel excited aboutfor the next four weeks.(1) What usually would happen at the social(=Those neatly dressed boys would never hesitate to pay attention to thegirls or to attract the girls’ attention.)(2) What usually would happen to the girls after the social(=They always felt excited and would keep on talking about the social experience for weeks.)5. And it has to be distinguished from the intense but short-lived loveor thepleasures of the flesh.(1) What’s the difference between true love and the intense butshort-lived love or the pleasures of the flesh (=True love develops slowly but lasts long, and it needs more sharing, caring and mutual understanding than the intense but short-lived love or the pleasures of the flesh.)(2) Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
六级精华-difficult sentence
第一部分难句分类辨析(517) (1)第一章定语从句（39） (1)第二章倒装句（60） (3)第三章分割结构（68） (6)第四章省略（43） (10)第五章并列平行结构（52） (13)第六章同位语（37） (17)第七章分词作状语（61） (19)第八章否定句（54） (22)第九章比较结构（29） (25)第十章it的用法（44） (26)第十一章词义的正确选择（28） (29)第二部分复杂难句解析(181) (31)第一部分难句分类辨析(517)第一章定语从句（39）1、Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth ofknowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.2、If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as fallswithin their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.3、There are probably no questions we can think up that can‟t be answered, sooner or later,including even the matter of consciousness.4、The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of thehydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon.5、Studies of Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms thatallow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean‟s surface and last for over 70 minutes.6、The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950‟s led to the Stasist school,which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar to the lives of women in the East.7、Tom, the book‟s protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet yet, as aslave merchant, thought “nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children”8、We are not conscious of extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that canmake the difference between a full and an empty life.9、Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affordingopportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth.10、Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these systems giverise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid. 11、It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life.12、We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more ray of light than our eyes, can seeclearly in the night.13、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where are many stimuliwhich develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.14、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practicemost closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.15、While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State‟s territory, since in internationallaw the territorial sea forms part of a State‟s territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area (internal waters) where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime area (the territorial sea and other zones) where other States do enjoy certain general rights.16、He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everythingthey had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.17、The reader who peruses with some attention the following pages will have occasion to seethat both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.18、The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by theagendists and the media, seems to be that judicial decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.19、But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnaclefrom which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.20、The samples should preferably be taken from points in the rig where the flow is turbulent sothat the contaminant is kept well mixed in the oil.21、Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability tore-establish the moral ends of our lives in personal character and social justice.22、From the very day of the capitulation, by which Bismark‟s prisoners had signed the surrenderof France but reserved to themselves a numerous bodyguard for the express purpose of cowing Paris, Paris stood on the watch.23、When I‟m having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorryfor myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way my mother did.24、What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physicalcheck up just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die with in six months.25、Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache,I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, allnumbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.26、It [society] needs man who can be prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move,to function, to go ahead.27、Then he would publish the poem, sometimes years before the music that went with it waswritten.28、We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demandsa standard which either must be met or result in failure.29、We can expose our children to the best values we have found.30、In short, you will act like the sort of person you conceive yourself to be.31、To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive,and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.32、Those most loved are invariably those who have the capacity for believing in others.33、Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closedtheir parents‟ eyelids in death, and who have experienced the death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the way we live our lives.34、God, I‟m glad I can talk about it with you-probably you‟re the only outlet that I‟ll have thatwon‟t get tired of my talking about writing.35、Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are ourideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the unfolding of a person‟s potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much.36、How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly theessential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression the quiver of a muscle, the flutter of a hand.37、Her woebegone expression, her hang-dog manner, her over-anxiousness to please, or perhapsher unconscious hostility towards those she anticipated will affront her－all act to drive away those whom she would attract.38、There is a very long list of such “perhaps es”, few of which we are in a position to evaluatewith any degree of assurance.39、If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and familyexists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family are relegated to the market-place of trading places, with individuals maximizing their psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationships.第二章倒装句（60）1.For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able anunderprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.2.Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies asyesterday‟s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.3.Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever thejob.4.odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of somerespected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and some astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.5.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.6.Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious livingthan in the Far West.7.In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in thecourse of a single day.8.We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office forpersonal affairs.9.Not since Americans crossed the continent in covered wagons have they exercised and dietedas vigorously as they are doing today.10.Not until these fundamental subjects were sufficiently advanced was it possible to solve themain problems of flight mechanics.11.Little did we expect that he would fulfil his task so rapidly.12.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.13.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, sothat much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.14.Not only did white men encroach upon the Indians‟ hunting grounds, but they rapidlydestroyed the Indians‟ principal means of existence－the buffalo.15.So great was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of hisvictory.16.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.17.In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires.18.Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regionalcompetition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. 19.Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies whichenable the storage and delivery of more of information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.20.“Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities” says a law professor at CornellLaw School who helped draft the new guidelines.21.How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means oftelling.22.The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, butcustom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace.23.The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries thatthey restrain their births.24.Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water.25.We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shallremain.26.The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity.27.This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society wherethere will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.28.Today the main economic activities of the family are in the nature of consumption－howeverproductive may be what some of its members do in society.29.Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots inthe obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.30.Especially was this importance impressed on me when I realized how much Hollywood wasinvolved in exporting American life to the world, and how much Broadway with all its theatres meant to the modern drama.31.Lost in the euphoria of success is any thought that－in another place, at another time－it maywell be naval air power without the support of any land-based air power that carries the day. 32.Underlying much of the desire for change, too, was the feeling of many of the world‟s newlyindependent states that they had never had a part in framing traditional doctrine.33.Not only was man now able to see with measured precision independently of visibility, but hecould now “see” such objects as aircraft at ranges far in excess of those possible even under ideal optical conditions with normal vision.34.Forgotten is any idea that naval air power is not power unto itself, but part and parcel of navalpower－trained, supported, operated, and commanded by people well-versed in the intricacies of war at sea and war from the sea.35.This I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us all as a sacredobligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in time of armed strife.36.These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience andwisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.37.Slap-slap-slap-slap… Around and around a submariner goes, the soft-soled shoes beating arhythm on the hard, shiny floor in a Trident submarine. People on shore might grasp the instant irony of a man jogging to prolong his life around weapons capable of destroying two hundred cities.38.Friends who are near to me I know well, because through the months and years they revealthemselves to me in all their phases; but of casual friends I have only an incomplete impression, an impression gained from a handclasp spoken words.39.Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant－not, indeed, of what is wrong, but ofthe frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.40.According to Newton‟s first law of motion a body is in motion but actually never is there abody which will remain in motion forever because it is impossible to get rid of external influence.41.Added to that difficulty is the need for the media, for economic and journalistic reasons, topresent a controversial perspective, which is not usually as objective as we might wish.42.Only now that I‟ve struggled to find patience in myself when Matthew insists he help mepaint the house or saw down dead trees in the back yard am I able to see that day through my father‟s eyes.43.This process, difficult and complex as it is, is simple compared to the job of discovering thatnew kinds of corn could be developed, or to the job of discovering how to develop them.44.Among the advantages that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have overconventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today‟s semiconductor devices.45.Into this area of Industry came millions of Europeans who made of it what became known asthe “melting pot”, the fusion of people from many nations into Americans.46.Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose flights are within the Earth‟satmosphere, from hitting their targets.47.From each of them [book] goes out its own voice, as inaudible as the streams of soundconveyed by electric waves beyond the range of our hearing, and just as the touch of a button on our stereo will fill the room with music, so by opening one of these volumes, one can call into range a voice far distant in time and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart.48.His students might feel inclined to counter these with the words: “The more I learn, the less Iknow.”49.In the motorized wheelchair, a boyish face dimly illuminated by a glowing computer screenattached to the left armrest, is Stephen William Hawking, 46, one of the world‟s greatest theoretical physicists.50.Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitudecommon to scientists.51.Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results asthe bases for company decisions.52.He wrote operas, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story but he would invite－orrather summon－a crowd of his friends to his house and read it aloud to them.53.Not only did he seem incapable of supporting himself, but it never occurred to him that hewas under any obligation to do so.54.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such response, for long ago Ibecame convinced that the seeing see little.55.Then, down the crowded thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge‟s most distinctivevehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.56.A nice example is that dreaded polar ice cap, which some scientists say isn‟t starting to melt atall but instead will shortly begin to enlarge rapidly, giving birth to a new ice age that soon will cover the entire United States.57.Were it not for the feather lost in departure, no one would have known that the white bird hadever been.58.Sir Isaac Newton was one of the pioneers in investigating viscosity, and on his analysisdepends the definition of the coefficient.59.A widely known achievement of radio electronics is an electronic calculating machine that canperform several thousand arithmetical operations in one second.60.Nearly all our clothes are made from fibres of one sort or another, be they derived from plants,animals, coal or petroleum and all these fibres, when they are carefully examined, are seen to consist of long chain molecules.第三章分割结构（68）1.Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who consideredwomen in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner‟s spell.2.Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that intheir country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.ments are often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying likearranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scraping floors.4.The main burden of assuring that the resources of the federal government are well managedfalls on relatively few of the five million men and women it employs.5.Those unaware of what is happening in philosophy today may be surprised to learn that fewacademic philosophers address the sort of problems once studied in college: death, the existence of God, the cardinal virtues, the external world, or the prospects for happiness.6.In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threatsof failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—succeed.7.As mystery gave way to mastery, whole bodies of custom, tradition and law arose definingthe rights of the ships and mariners who plied the waters and of the states on the rim of the sea.8.Indeed, until adoption of the 1982 Convention, the argument could be made that there existedno adequate and comprehensive maritime treaty law as such for the larger part of the world community.9.The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve whichall previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.10.Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it mostefficiently—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done—is not being civilized.11.That such a conjunction of circumstances might occur again soon, especially consideringshrinking U.S. defense budgets and diminishing overseas base access, is problematical at best.12.“A better knowledge of China‟s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning,hitherto fabulously described.”13.It means that the United States, as compared with that position we found ourselves inimmediately after World War Ⅱ, had a challenge such as we did not even dream of.14.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elementsin, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.15.No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthygentlemen who have just addressed the house.16.Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.17.Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highlystandardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions. 18.There is an understandable fascination in handing destroyers which often leads to the takingof unnecessary chances.19.The atom bomb has merely brought home to us, harshly, as a matter of life and death, whathas long been growing: our failure to face, our refusal to face, as individuals and as nations, the place of science in our world.20.Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federalcontracts of more than ＄500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government.21.Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old peopleto be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of .22.No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state, no zoologist,however intrepid, has been able to keep the animal under close and constant observation in the dark jungles in which he lives.23.During the 1980s, revolutionary changes in the work lives of Americans, caused bytechnological advances which will permit greater productivity by fewer workers, will likely result in shortened work weeks, increased released time for workers, and increased pressure for early retirements.24.The organization of districts that meet the criteria suggested would make it possible toresolved the small-school problem in all except isolated and sparsely populated areas where such schools may have to be continued regardless of higher costs.25.I forget which was the first distemper I plunged into—some fearful, devastating scourge, Iknow—and, before I had glanced half down the list of “premonitory symptoms”, it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it.26.What is special about Man‟s bra in, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex systemwhich enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy-bear with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”.27.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since all otherfactors being equal, well-developed skills, can be the difference between having a job and not.28.It is, everyone agree, a colossal task that the child perform when he learns to speak, and thefact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.29.The more people there are and the more crowded their living conditions, authorities warn, thegreater the likelihood of violence and upheaval.30.All high school graduates ought to go to college, says conventional wisdom and statisticale vidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, andlearn to be more responsible citizens than those who don‟t go.31.In what sense does a novel dealing skillfully and realistically with a society and its standards,which are dead and gone forever, have value in our very different world today?32.While it is a well-known fact that the fish life in no two river systems, even though theyempty into the sea on the same side of a divide, is exactly identical, such streams do have many species in common.33.Every particle has acting on it a force which urges it downward.34.Initially I had doubted their claim, knowing for a fact that the center was located somewherein New England.35. A contiguous zone is an area extending seaward from the territorial sea in which the coastalor island nation may exercise the control necessary to prevent or punish infringement of its customs, along with its fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws and regulations that occur within its territory or territorial sea (but not for so-called security purposes).36. A new trend in radio broadcasting that developed during the late 1960s was the “talk show”,featuring conversations between listeners and announcers or guests in the studio.37.The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soilsolution before they can be taken into the root.38.No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty tofollow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.39.As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physicaland mental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment.40.The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward inthe 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.41.Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain astrong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favourable circumstances of leading individual lives.42.The Consultation stressed the importance of widening awareness on the part of donorcountries and recipient countries requesting the technical cooperation of the impact on the development of the issue with which the Consultation dealt.43.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, forexample—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn‟t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.44.If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult ifnot impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.45.Protests and demonstrations are being staged in the U.S. where opposition is mounting to theconstruction of a ＄70 billion nuclear waste storage plant near the Mexican border.46.Those who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely noreasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial service over the condemned man before he is dead.47.Lecky believed, however, that if you could change the student‟s self-conception, whichunderlies this viewpoint, his attitude towards the subject would change accordingly.48.There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of ‟Eat, drink, and bemerry‟, but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.49.And numerous experiments have shown once the concept of self is changed, other thingsconsistent with the new concept of self are accomplished easily and without strain.50.He had no thought of the time to come when his muscles would not be so mighty, nor hishealth so superb, and when he would not be able to work harder.51.Rock temperatures as low as 100℃may be useful for space heating, however, for producingelectricity, temperatures greater than 200℃are desirable.52.The standard research report, regardless of the field or the intended reader, contains fourmajor sections.53.The second major section of the research report details, with as much data as possible,exactly how the study was carried out.54.He played the piano like a composer, in the worst sense of what that implies, and he would sitdown at the piano before parties that included some of the finest pianists of his time, and play for them, by the hour, his own music, needless to say.55.My grandfather‟s glum genes, which skipped my merry father, have reflowered in me as amajor, all-purpose anxiety.56.Hawking was born on Jan. 8, 1942-300 years to the day, he often notes, after the death ofGalileo.。
一 前八个单元难点重点句子 (请大家试着自己译出)务必明了其.
一前八个单元难点重点句子（请大家试着自己译出）务必明了其意及其中的一些好的表达式。
1.drop the key through a slot into a box (unit one)2.Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positionedcarefully to fit into it. (unit one)3.to throw light on Chinese attitude toward creativity (unit one)4.If the child is taught by taking his hand, he is less likely to figure outhimself how to accomplish such a task. (unit one)5.The furniture appeared a little worn. (unit two)6.No matter how big a time he had on Saturday night, you can find himin church on Sunday. (unit two)7.Employees with one year on board qualify for stock options. (unittwo)8.Overall, I wouldn’t want to trade my dad for anyone else’s. (unit three)9.Diane, what has come over you? (How can you talk to your father likethat?) (unit three)10.F ather, you know better than that. (unit three)11.D oes Mother take side with Father or the children? (unit three)12.O nce you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction,coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult. (unit four)13.I don’t realize that I’m projecting until after I’ve been embarrassed bysomeone who politely points out that I’ve attacked her for agreeingwith me. (unit four)14.I now understand why life without an externally supported daily plancan lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide. (unit four)15.W e’ve become the Net critics’ worst nightmare. (unit four)16.W e start to feel an aversion to outside forms of socializing. (unit four)二，8个单元有用的短语和词汇和解释，请大家务必多读细读课文，用心学习其中的一些好的表达式，并做到能灵活运用，并进而为期末考试,尤其是长远期的英语学习有所帮助（虽然期末考试可能不会考很多这样的有用的表达方式，但是这些地道的表达方式毫无疑问对大家的英语学习和运用是很有裨益的哦。
difficult sentences
Passage I difficult sentencesUnit 1Salespeople are included in most marketing mixes.大多数营销组合都需要销售人员。
But they try to attract attention to the firm and its offerings without having to pay media costs.但是，宣传人员却尽力将潜在顾客的注意力吸引到公司和其产品上而无需付媒体的费用。
Trade magazines, for example, may carry articles featuring the newsworthy products of regular advertisers — in part because they are regular advertisers.例如，商业杂志可能登载广告常客有报道价值的产品的专题报道——部分原因是因为他们是广告常客。
For example, one video — distributed to TV stations at Halloween — discussed a government recommendation that parents use makeup rather than masks for young children.例如，一个视频录像——在万圣节被分送到各电视台——讨论了政府推荐父母在万圣节给小孩子使用化妆品而不是面具这一问题。
Sales promotion refers to promotion activities — other than advertising, publicity, and personal selling — that stimulate interest, trial, or purchase by final customers or others inthe channel.销售推广是指不包括广告、宣传和人员推销在内的刺激销售渠道中的最终顾客或者其他环节的兴趣、试用或者购买的促销活动。
U1-1 Difficult Sentences
1
Catching Crabs
2
We Are All Dying
Language Points
… and we all started to get our heads down …
➢ To get one’s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts, it can mean to sleep. Note also, to keep one’s head down means to continue to do something quietly, especially when there is trouble happening around you.
翻译：我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同 学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
Language Points
Libraries ... were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.
翻译： 我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政 党活动家。
Language Points
We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day.
Unit 7 Difficult Sentences
Unit 7 Difficult SentencesSection A1. What startled experts about this particular virus was its ability to propagate itself across a vast number of systems in the commercial, government, and military realms in a very short period of time. (L. 7-9, Para. 2) 令专家们震惊的是，这种病毒能够在极短的时间内迅速地在商业、政府和军事领域的系统内进行传播。
2. The rapid distribution of the virus degraded or disrupted computer networks by means of sending more messages than e-mail systems could handle, which result in a denial of service on some networks as they had to be shut down while the virus was eliminated from the system. (L. 16-21, Para. 3) 这种病毒的快速传播是通过发送超过电子邮件系统处理能力的信息，使电脑网络功能退化，或使其运行受阻。
其结果是，一些网络被迫中止服务，因为从系统中清除该病毒时，那些网络必须关闭。
3. Commerce could be jeopardized, either because no information could be passed using the Internet or because information passed over the Internet might be considered unreliable. (L. 35-37, Para. 4)由于无法使用互联网传递信息或者互联网传递的信息被认为缺乏可靠性，商业活动就可能深陷困境。
七下英语一单元的重难点句型
七下英语一单元的重难点句型The key and difficult sentence patterns in the first unit of the seventh grade English textbook typically cover a wide range of grammatical structures and vocabulary that students need to master. Here are some examples of important sentence patterns and their explanations:1. Present Simple Tense: This tense is commonly used to describe habitual actions or general truths. Students learn to form this tense using the basic verb form followed by "-s" or "-es" for third-person singular subjects. Example: "She always helps her mother with the housework."2. Present Continuous Tense: This tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now or are in progress. It is formed by adding "-ing" to the verb and using "am," "is," or "are" depending on the subject. Example: "I am studying for my exam right now."3. There-be Structure: This structure is used toexpress the existence of something in a particular place.It is a common way to talk about locations and objects around us. Example: "There is a book on the table."4. Questions with "Do" and "Does": Students learn to form questions by using "do" for first and second-person singular and plural subjects, and "does" for third-person singular subjects. Example: "Do you like playing soccer?" "Does he speak English fluently?"5. Using Prepositions: Prepositions are words that show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words ina sentence. They are crucial for expressing ideas like location, time, direction, and more. Example: "She lives in a small town." "I'm going to the store after school."6. Using Modal Verbs: Modal verbs express possibility, necessity, obligation, permission, and other modal meanings. Students learn to use modal verbs like "can," "may," "must," "should," and "could" in sentences. Example: "You must finish your homework before you can go out."7. Using Direct and Indirect Objects: Direct objects receive the action of the verb, while indirect objects receive the action indirectly through a preposition like "to" or "for." Example: "She gave him a book." (Him is the indirect object, and a book is the direct object.)。
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Unit 7 Difficult SentencesSection A1. What startled experts about this particular virus was its ability to propagate itself across a vast number of systems in the commercial, government, and military realms in a very short period of time. (L. 7-9, Para. 2) 令专家们震惊的是，这种病毒能够在极短的时间内迅速地在商业、政府和军事领域的系统内进行传播。
2. The rapid distribution of the virus degraded or disrupted computer networks by means of sending more messages than e-mail systems could handle, which result in a denial of service on some networks as they had to be shut down while the virus was eliminated from the system. (L. 16-21, Para. 3) 这种病毒的快速传播是通过发送超过电子邮件系统处理能力的信息，使电脑网络功能退化，或使其运行受阻。
其结果是，一些网络被迫中止服务，因为从系统中清除该病毒时，那些网络必须关闭。
3. Commerce could be jeopardized, either because no information could be passed using the Internet or because information passed over the Internet might be considered unreliable. (L. 35-37, Para. 4)由于无法使用互联网传递信息或者互联网传递的信息被认为缺乏可靠性，商业活动就可能深陷困境。
4. If the Internet ceased to function, the consequent losses could ultimately be measured in tens of billions rather than millions of dollars. (L. 38-39, Para. 4)如果互联网无法运作，随之而来的损失最终可能会高达数百亿美元，而不是数百万美元了。
5. The virus does not cause the loss of data, but did affect tens of thousands of systems, resulting in a loss of productivity when the systems were shut down. (L. 42-44, Para. 5)该病毒并不造成资料的丢失，但它确实影响了数以万计的系统，当系统关闭时会导致生产效率的损失。
6. As yet we have no hard estimates of the cumulative monetary damage resulting from the loss of productivity and other disruptions associated with the virus. (L. 51-52, Para. 6)至今我们还不能确切估算与该病毒有关的工作效率损失和其他破坏所造成的累计经济损失。
7. Users need to be careful about what they take from the Internet and avoid being too hasty in opening attached files, both from known users and especially from users unknown to them. (L. 59-60, Para. 8)用户需要小心处理从互联网上获得的信息，避免仓促打开附件，无论是来自认识的用户还是不认识的用户，尤其是后者。
8. Computer criminals who are intent to planning viruses such as Melissa need to know that justice will be swift, certain and severe. (L. 76-77, Para. 9)要让蓄意传播类似梅利莎病毒的电脑罪犯知道，他们一定会受到迅速严厉的惩罚。
Section B1. They can destroy databases, steal trade secrets, erase hard drives and make public company's confidential client information. (L. 18-19, Para. 8)他们可以破坏数据库，盗窃商业机密，擦除硬盘驱动器上的信息，以及将公司客户的绝密资料曝光。
2. They can halt e-commerce through "denial of service" attacks, damage websites, commit financial fraud and pretend to be merchants by diverting customers to fake websites. (L. 19-21, Para. 8)他们可以通过“取消服务”的袭击方式来中止电子商务，破坏网址，进行金融诈骗，以及假冒商家将客户引向假网址。
3. Some company executives wrongly believe that, because their firms are not well known or involved in Internet financial services, they are unlikely to be victims of hacker attacks. (L. 25-26, Para. 10)一些公司的主管人员错误地认为，他们的公司并不出名，或并未涉及互联网金融服务，所以不大可能成为黑客的攻击对象。
4. Smart firms can minimize their risks by conducting weakness appraisals, choosing experienced security personnel, and establishing – and then enforcing – robust security policies and procedures. (L. 33-35, Para.13)精明的公司可最大限度地降低风险，办法是进行弱点评估，选择有经验的安全防护人员，建立并实施一套强有力的安全策略和步骤。
5. Firms with slack security are easy prey for what experts call “social engineering” crimes, the oldest form of hacker attacks. (L. 45-46, Para. 16)安全意识松懈的公司很容易成为专家们所谓的“社会工程”罪行的猎物，这类罪行是黑客攻击的最早形式。
6. Some hackers even take temporary positions on night cleaning crews so they can browse files, poke through trash or install devices to extract information. (L. 48-50, Para. 16)一些黑客甚至在上夜班的清洁工队伍中找一份临时工作，以便能够浏览文档，搜寻垃圾或者安装盗取信息的装置。
7. To combat such break-ins, instruct employees to report unfamiliar visitors and refrain from typing their passwords and other confidential data when others are nearby. (L. 51-52, Para. 17)为抵御这种入侵，吩咐工作人员报告陌生来访者；另外，当身边有人时，避免输入自己的密码或其他绝密数据。
8. Other reckless behavior to be avoided includes keeping "password reminders" on monitors, tracked to cork boards, or under keyboards. (L. 55-56, Para. 19)其他需要避免的轻率行为包括将“密码提示”保留在显示器上，钉在软木板上，或者藏在键盘下。
9. Administrators also can install attack detection systems that signal alarms when a break-in attempt is suspected, and block or expel attackers. (L. 79-81, Para. 24)网管人员也可以安装侵袭探测系统，该系统在怀疑有入侵企图时发出警报，并阻止和驱逐入侵者。
10. Even with the best security defenses in place, companies' networks and intellectual property still may be vulnerable to insiders. (L. 82-83, Para. 25)但即使拥有最好的安全防卫措施，公司的网络和知识产权还是可能容易受到来自内部人员的危害。
11. Companies should establish step-by-step security levels for employees, limiting their database access to what's absolutely needed for the performance of their jobs. This is called the "rule of least privilege" (L. 85-87, Para. 27)公司应该为工作人员制定渐进式的不同的安全层次，限制他们对数据库的利用，以完成他们自身工作所绝对需要的信息为限。