省实验高一竞赛班独立主格
山西省实验中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
山西省实验中学2023－2024 学年度第一学期期中考试试题高一英语满分 150 分第I 卷（客观题）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节(共 5 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much should the woman pay?A. $6.B. $9.C. $18.2. Who has received Lucy’s invitation?A. Alex.B. Mary.C. Henry.3. How does the woman sound?A. Confused.B. Patient.C. Disappointed.4. What does the man complain about the hotel?A. The equipment.B. The price.C. The service.5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. Reading habits.B. Camping trips.C. Free time activities.第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Schoolmates.B. Workmates.C. Teacher and student.7. What do we know about Professor Bonnet?A. He isn’t friendly.B. He is experienced.C. He used to teach the man.听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。
完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解
完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格独立主格结构是一种带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法称之为“独立主格结构”。
其实，这种结构并非真正独立，它是一种从属分句，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。
独立主格结构可放于句首或句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。
独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。
基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。
1．名词/代词+现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例如：The man lay there。
his hands trembling。
So many students being absent。
the meeting had to be put off。
His homework done。
Tom went to sleep。
有时，独立结构中的being或havingbeen可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2．名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例如：The boy lay on his back。
his hands crossed under his head。
The job not finished。
we couldn’t see the film。
Her shirt caught on a nail。
she could not move。
如果加上havingbeen或being，这些句子就又变成了现在分词分句。
3．名词/代词+不定式不定式表示将来的动作。
例如：XXX going for a ic。
with Mary to provide the food.These are the first two books。
高中独立主格结构
7. with和without引导的独立主格结构
with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或 代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。 The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代 词+动词的-ing形式） Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形 式） The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式） The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词） He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语） With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容 词） *在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但 without 不能省略。
*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当 于一个状语从句，一般放在句首。表示原因时还可 放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个 并列句，通常放于句末。
吉林省长春市吉林省实验中学2021-2022学年高一下学期线上验收(期中考试)英语试题
2021-2022学年度下学期高一年级网课质量验收（2）英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分，答题时间60分钟。
第I卷第一部分阅读理解（共三节，满分60分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AJose Adolfo is a banker from Peru. He encourages children to save money and offers his customers cash for recycling plastic wastes. But the remarkable thing is that he is still a child himself. By the age of 7, he decided to create a bank for children. He was motivated by seeing his classmates skipping lunch because they had spent the little money they had on sweets or football cards. What drove him even more was the poverty he saw among children.With the support of a local company, the 14-year-old founded the Bartselana student bank which now has more than 2,000 customers between the ages of 10 and 18. Children can withdraw (提取) money from several cashpoints of the bank. They can also monitor their balances online. What makes it different from traditional banks is that it sets savings goals for children. They have to reach those goals in order to withdraw their money.The student bank really took off when he came up with the “Recycle Plan”, a new way for the children to earn money by collecting recyclable plastic or paper waste. Students can bring recyclable plastic bottles, used school books and old newspapers to the schools and put them into the collecting boxes. The recycling is weighed and the money goes to their bank accounts.The bank recycles 4.4 tons of material a month and has collecting boxes in seven schools in Arequipa. More are on a waiting list. Increasingly the model is in demand in the rest of Peru and abroad.His efforts have been noticed by Peru’s environment ministry. “He’s making an amazing change in financial (理财的) education that perhaps many adults could not come up with,” said the Peru’s environment minister, Lucia Ruiz. “He’s achieving a double goal because he’s not just designing a financial opportunity for children and teenagers but also helping to reduce waste in the country.”1.Why did Jose create a bank for children?A. To help poor children.B. To provide free lunch.C. To offer outdoor activities.D. To improve school condition.2.What is special about the student bank ?第 1 页共6 页A. It makes saving goals.B. It monitors the balance.C. It has several cashpoints.D. It serves customers online.3.According to paragraph 4, students can earn money by _______ .A. using less plastic bottlesB. using old school booksC. collecting plastic wastesD. cleaning collecting boxes4.What can we know about the “Recycle Plan” ?A. It’s typical.B. It’s successful.C. It’s risky.D. It’s well-organized .5.According to Lucia Ruiz, why is Jose’s job meaningful?A.He gave money to poor children.B.He taught children how to spend money.C.He helped adults receive financial education.D.He contributed to financial education and recycling.BLike many inventions, language translators were imagined by writers long before they became real. In Hugo Gernsback’s 1911 novel A Romance of the Year 2660, characters use a video telephone that can translate from one language to another. A language translator also appears in Murray Leinster’s1945 First Contact. In that story, humans and creatures from another planet made a translation device together after asking for contact with one another. The idea of the language translator didn’t become truly popular, however, until the “universal tra nslator” appeared in the 1970 Star Trek series, which delighted television viewers at that time. That device was universal in the sense that it could translate any language that it came across.The first real language translator was demonstrated (展示) by engineers from IBM company and Georgetown University in 1954. Their machine could only translate Russian sentences into English.Language translators have come a long way since then. Today, online translations can be accessed easily at no cost to users. With translation apps, users sometimes don’t even have to look things up. All they need to do is point their cellphone’s camera at some writing, and a translation immediately appears. If users want to translate something being said aloud, they just turn on their phone’s microphone. All of these features save time and effort.Translation apps on phones make foreign travel much easier than before. They are invaluable and convenient when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel waiters who don’t speak a traveler’s native language. But these apps are far from perfect. Sometimes a translation makes no sense, forcing the user to guess what the translation means. At other times, the user might not know that the translation has failed until he or she shows it to a native speaker.6.When was the idea of the language translator widely known?A. In 1911.B. In 1945.C. In 1970.D. In 1954.7.We can infer from the text that _____________.A.writers are usually cleverer than inventors.B.the idea of a language translator came from science stories.C.engineers made language translators to delight TV viewers.D.it took little effort for people to develop language translators.8.What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 4?A. Translation apps.B. Users.C. Translations.D. Phones.9.How does the writer conclude the text?A.By telling that online translation will change our life.B.By explaining that online translation has its weakness.C.By introducing how to use translation apps in travelling.D.By discussing why people should give up translation apps.10.What is the best title for the text?A.How do science stories become true?B.Can languages be translated into each other?C.How does a language translator develop?D.Why do we depend on language translators?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
独立主格用法详解
独立主格用法详解一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的形式英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。
1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。
如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。
如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。
3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。
如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。
4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。
如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。
5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。
如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。
6.名词/ 代词+ 介词短语。
如(from )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。
(完整版)高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解(3)
高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解（3）一、动词独立主格结构“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。
在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。
A．逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
（the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being）注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。
B．逻辑主语+形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪地转向= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。
（his mouth和wide open之间省去了being）= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.C．逻辑主语+副词School over, we all went home.放学了，我们都回家了。
（school和over之间省去了being）= School was over, and we all went home.He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。
吉林省实验中学2024_2025学年高一英语上学期第二次月考试题
吉林省试验中学2024-2025学年高一英语上学期其次次月考试题第一部分听力(共20小题；每小题1 分, 满分20分)第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Which row are the speakers in?A.Row 11.B.Row 13.C. Row 23.2.What is Peter going to do?A.Play tennis.B.Play basketball.C.Play ping-pong.3.Who does the woman like in Produce 101?A.Wang Ju.B. Wu Xuanyi.C. Meng Meiqi.4.What day will the speakers go dancing?A.On Monday.B. On Thursday.C. On Friday.5.When will the man have a meeting tomorrow morning?A.At 9:15.B. At 9:45.C. At 10:15.其次节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What is the woman?A.A hostess.B. A policewoman.C. A businesswoman.7.What are the speakers talking about?munity safety.B. The traffic rules.C. Police officers’ work.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
高中英语独立主格结构 文档
独立主格结构用法详解独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。
位置：独立主格结构用于修饰整个句子，其位置相当灵活，可置于句前、句末或句中，常用逗号将其与句子分开。
（注意：独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词。
特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
I 独立主格结构的形式与用法1. 名词/代词+ 现在分词：Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们明天将会组织一次海滨旅游。
The manager being ill, he is in charge of the company.经理病了，他暂时管理公司。
2. 名词/代词+ 过去分词：The test finished, we'll have our summer vacation.考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。
The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.这本书如果用简易英语写的话，将会更流行。
3. 名词/代词+ 不定式：Lots of homework to do, I have to stay at home all day.由于有很多的家庭作业要做，我只好一整天都待在家里。
No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.如果没人叫醒我，第一节课我会迟到的。
4. 名词/代词+ 形容词：The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.由于地板潮湿，我们只得在外边待会儿。
Close to the bank, we saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.靠近岸边，我们看到深水池里的水像天空一样蓝。
2024黑龙江省实验中学高一(上)英语试卷
2024黑龙江省实验中学高一英语寒假考试考试时间：60分钟满分：100分一、阅读理解（共12小题；每题3分，满分36分）ADevon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where she’s been during her worldwide vacation in a special way.The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her right leg amputated (截肢) at the age of four. Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.To spread that message, Gallagher has taken to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the globe, but instead of simply using a geotag, she writes her location across her artificial leg before taking a picture.Amsterdam, relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle in Brussels, taking spectacular pictures in Athens and enjoying a river cruise in Budapest, all with the well-known locations written on her artificial leg.“I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalkboard,”Gallagher said. “My mum and grandmother weren’t too keen on the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did.”Gallagher said people often stare when she’s writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback. “My leg hasn’t stopped me from doing anything I’ve wanted to do,”she said. “I don’t know if it’s my determination to prove to myself that I can do it, but regardless, I’ve been able to keep up with my peers and lead a pretty great life.”Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams. And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.1．What message did Gallagher want to spread in her special way?A．She enjoys her traveling across the globe.B．She suffers little from her leg amputation.C．She looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.D．She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.2．What does the underlined word “which” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．The Continent.B．The pictures.C．The leg.D．The locations. 3．Gallagher can best be described as ________.A．helpful and ambitious B．friendly and generousC．determined and creative D．independent and sensible4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A．Never Too Late to Share B．A Special Artificial LegC．An Outstanding Photographer D．Gallagher’s Summer HolidaysBEach year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sight on our “consumer culture”, with Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.We clearly have a growing resource problem. The products we make, buy and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live, but to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. In fact, for most, rather than an add-on to an already heavy shopping year, Christmas is likely the only time of year they have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.This is particularly true for Boxing Day, often laughed at by anti-consumerists the most. While we may look down on the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the chance to buy things they've needed all year. As journalist Leigh Phillips argues, “This is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring people like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own £ 1.5bn yacht with a missile defense system?Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choice, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problem. It is no wonder no one is changing their behaviour—or that environmental destruction continues without becoming any less severe.5. What can be inferred about the environmentalist movement from Paragraphs 2 and 3?A. It has targeted the wrong persons.B. It has achieved its intended purposes.C. It has solved the environmental problems.D. It has persuaded consumers not to shop any more.6. What does Leigh Phillips think of Boxing Day?A. A trap for consumers.B. A tough problem to deal with.C. A precious shopping opportunity.D. A positive contribution to the economy.7. For what purpose is Roman Abramovich mentioned in the text?A. To show how rich he is.B. To announce he is a Russian.C. To present his contributions to the environment.D. To suggest the real cause of environmental problems hasn't been found.8. What is the text mainly about?A. The environmental problems are very serious.B. Less shopping can't solve the environmental problems.C. Resources are becoming fewer and fewer on the earth.D. Measures should be taken to protect the environment.CHave you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos? Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise (兴起).Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly? First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity(身份)check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information.On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today's job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What's more, this is a reflection (反映) of respect for knowledge and talents.However, the rapid development of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry's Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. “Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.B. “Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.C. People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.D. People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.10. What can we learn about “pay-for-knowledge” industry from Paragraph 2?A. The history of its development.B. The problems of its products.C. The causes of its rise.D. The advantages of its products.A. get much informationB. produce lots of moneyC. win great respectD. enjoy self-growth12. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.A. recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to peopleB. advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves onlineC. remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wiselyD. teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children二、七选五（共5小题；每题3分，满分15分）Going camping is one of the best ways to get in touch with nature and enjoy the beautiful outdoors. However, thorough plans before a camping trip may be boring. Just follow these simple camping suggestions to make your trip safe and rewarding.Choosing a suitable tent.of campers as well as the camping equipment (设备) necessary for your trip. There should be enoughImportance of food.While camping, you will need enough food to give you enough energy for your outdoor activities.trip to reduce cooking time.Enough sleep.All campers should have enough sleep during the night. Nights are generally cooler than the daysExtra air mattresses (气垫) may be included in your camping equipment to make your bed more comfortable.your camping trip.A．When buying a sleeping bag, check that you feel comfortable in it.B．The best camping trips belong to those people who prepare the best.C．The comfort level in a tent determines the success of a camping trip.D．Thus you must have an efficient arrangement for your food preparation.E．If you have a habit to eat in bed, you might not do it during camping.F．The size is the most important thing you should consider when choosing a tent.G．It will destroy the mood of the entire camping trip if you don’t have enough money.三、完形填空（共15小题；每题2分，共30分）My father, a soldier, was deployed (调度) again. The ukulele I had watched him play wasthis time without us. Suddenly, we were surrounded by strange relatives and a cultural tradition ofmyself to play. I would play and sing, as if my father had been here. After my father returned, he wasto do truly extraordinary things 32 us to our culture and each other，our past and our present.18．A. polished B．tidied C．abandoned D．sold19．A. surprise B．puzzle C．challenge D．relief20．A. time B．duty C．music D．distance 21．A. symbol B．reminder C．memory D．review22．A. mostly B．casually C．accidentally D．secretly23．A. look for B．fit into C．take in D．catch at24．A. disappointed B．prepared C．anxious D．hesitant25．A. visitors B．relatives C．acquaintances D．foreigners 26．A. received B．noticed C．recognized D．needed27．A. closer B．stranger C．familiar D．superior 28．A. persuaded B．inspired C．taught D．told29．A. shocked B．confident C．curious D．annoyed 30．A. control B．possession C．command D．knowledge 31．A. potential B．sense C．privilege D．power32．A. exposing B．tying C．expressing D．Introducing四、单项选择（共19小题；每题1分，共19分）33. The man found it no use ________ with his wife.A. to argueB. argueC. arguingD. argued34. If you apply yourself ________ the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.A. toB. withC. ofD. over35. Looking at the ________ expression on his face, I could tell he must have experienced something ________.A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightenedC. frightening, frightenedD. frightened, frightening36. He is also a manager, but senior ________ me.A. toB. againstC. overD. of37. We think highly of the team we support, while we may add negative comments ________ an opposing team.A. toB. onC. aboutD. for38. With all her energy ________ on her children, she seems to have little time for anything else.A. to focusB. to focusingC. focusingD. focused39. Certain courses are compulsory, while others are ________.A. optionalB. optimisticC. temporaryD. contemporary40. We need to keep in mind ________ we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.A. thatB. whereC. what thatD. that what41. It was a popular decision to postpone ________ the new factory.A. to buildB. buildC. of buildingD. building42. In the last few years, China ________ great progress in environmental protection.A. to makeB. has madeC. makeD. had made43. Six sports teams ________ to take part in this year's match so far.A. are selectedB. have been selectedC. have selectedD. had selected44. She is looking forward to ________ to Mount Huang for a visit.A. takeB. takesC. takingD. being taken45. A letter took220years________ because of a tiny error in its address.A. to deliverB. deliveringC.to be deliveredD. delivered46. My classmates were friendly, with ________ help I made great progress in my English learning.A.whichB. whomC. thatD. whose47. ________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dogs.A.Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten48. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?A. thatB. whereC. whatD. when49. It is the first time that we ________ with each other.A. have chattedB. chatC. had chattedD. chatting50. The children ran out of the room, ________ happily.A. laughB. laughingC. laughedD. laughs51. You are supposed to have your lessons ________ before the exam.A.reviewB. reviewedC. reviewingD. reviews。
高中英语：2020届高考独立主格结构考点分析（浙江）
高中英语：2020届高考独立主格结构考点分析（浙江）揭秘独立主格结构考点独立主格结构，又叫做独立结构。
在形式上，独立主格结构与主句没有任何关系，但是在意思上却与主句密切联系在一起，共同构筑成一个完整的语义环境。
独立主格结构只有逻辑上的主语和谓语，没有真正的主语和谓语，所以在句法上，独立主格结构不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的特殊结构。
独立主格结构主要起状语作用，其功能相当于一个状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或伴随情况，有时也可以表示时间、原因、条件等；可放在句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
例如：The experiment done, we went on to take notes in the experiment report. = After the experiment had been done, we went on to take notes in the experiment report. 做完实验后，我们继续在实验报告上做笔记。
Cell phones being very small, we can use them conveniently. = Because cell phones are very small, we can use them conveniently. 因为手机很小，我们使用起来很方便。
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. = Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。
独立主格结构可分为四类：独立分词结构；独立不定式结构；独立无动词结构with复合结构。
一、独立分词结构其构成是“名词或代词主格+分词”。
由于独立主格结构中的名词或代词主格是分词逻辑上的主语，因此，如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，使用表示主动意义的现在分词。
英语学习资料高中语法独立主格精讲5.doc
曲洛宜国瓯奂语■ROCKY INTtRMATXIMAL KNOLMM分词、独立主格和“with +复合宾语”作状语的区别分词结构、独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。
这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。
分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1＞原因状语1. _____ late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.Aand B2. _____ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Becausethey were D.all the above2、时间状语1. _____ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above2. _____ by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praisedB.PraisedC.When praisedD.all the above3. 条件状语1. _______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If givenC.GivenD.all the above2. ______ another chance, I'll do my job better.A.If I have B.lf having C.HavingD.all the above4、伴随状语1 .Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carryingB.he was carryingC.and he was carryingD.all the above2.Father came back, ________ by a monkey.A.and he was followedB.followedC.and was followedD.all the above二、独立主格结构和with +复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。
(word完整版)高中英语语法独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构：独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）.它在句法上游离与句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何语法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。
独立主格结构没有主语和位于，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号上与主句隔开。
一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1）名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
2）名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
3）名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
独立主格结构精讲精练
独立主格结构精讲一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构（absolute construction），由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点：（1）在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
（2）可置于句首，也可放在句尾。
（3）主要用于书面语。
（4）它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，不指同一人或同一物。
（5）be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中，独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系，在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。
此结构也可写成：名词或代词＋ being ＋名词，其中being是非谓语（系）动词，往往省略，但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时，being不能省略。
名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格形式。
①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗，一根棍子是他唯一的武器。
②He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具，他把整本书翻译成了英语。
③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.（句中的being不能省略）因为是星期天，我没有上课。
2.名词/主格代词+现在分词（表示主动含义和动作正在进行）名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
2025届省实验中学高一上学期期中
2025届省实验中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）ACity BooksAbout usCovering over two floors, City Books has a large range of carefully chosen books, including a great number of books of local interest.Founded and run by Paul and Inge Sweetman, the shop is on Western Road, in the Brunswick area of Brighton and Hove, right in the centre of the city.In a competition held in Brighton and Hove, City Books was voted by locals “The Best Shop in Brunswick”. The shop has also been shortlisted twice for the national “Independent Bookshop of the Year Award”.EventsOur literary (文学的) events provide an opportunity to listen to some great authors. During these relaxed evenings you will have the chance to put questions to the guest and buy signed first editions (版本) at reduced prices.OrderingWe are happy to order almost any book in print if it is not already available in our shop. You can place orders by telephone, post, email or in person at the bookshop. We can usually make sure books are delivered within 1-3 business days. We will hold the order for you to pick up at the store.Opening hours9:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday to Saturday11:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on SundayContact usCity Books23 Western RoadHove BN3 1AF01273 725306Twitter@CityBooksinHove21. What do we know about City Books?A. It is popular with the locals.B. It is run by the city government.C. It lies in a quiet street.D. It is a small bookshop.22. What can people do during literary events?A. Join a reading group.B. Get free signed books.C. Enter a literary competition.D. Communicate with authors.23. People can get their ordered books _____.A. during the daytime any dayB. by postC. in less than three daysD. in personBMy First MarathonA month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for twoweeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softba ll. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamed that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.24. A month before the marathon, the author _____.A. was well trainedB. made up his mind to runC. felt scaredD. lost hope25. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To share a precious memory.B. To show he was not talented in sports.C. To amuse the readers with a funny story.D. To recall the support of his teacher.26. How was the author’s first marathon?A. He got the first prize.B. He quit halfway.C. He made it.D. He walked to the end.27. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A winner is one with a great effort of will.B. A man owes his success to his family support.C. One is never too old to learn.D. Failure is the mother of success.CHe’s as big as a small golden dog and covered with scales (鳞片). He is the pangolin (穿山甲), an endangered animal.According to the wildlife trade monitoring organization Traffic, about one million pangolins were killed from 2000 through 2013, mainly for their scales, which are used in medicine. Pangolins are sensitive creatures and picky eaters that only eat certain species of ants, a diet that’s very difficult to copy in the food chain.“In the last decade, there’s been a huge growth trade in pa ngolins between continents, especially their scales,” says Dan Challender, chair of the pangolin specialist group. Previously, most pangolin killing happened within Asia, he says. This shift means that Asian pangolins are becoming difficult to find but that the value of the scales makes it worth the extra cost to take pangolins from Africa to Asia secretly.All eight species of pangolins, four in Africa and four in Asia, are in danger of extinction due to theillegal trade. International trade in the four species of Asian pangolins has been banned since 2000. In the past few years, a ban on international commercial trade in all eight species has gone into effect. It was voted by 183 governments that are parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which is in charge of cross-border trade in wild animals and their parts.Pangolins are eaten as bushmeat in western and central Africa and by some local groups in South and Southeast Asia. Their parts also are used in Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and elsewhere in subSaharan Africa as traditional medicine. Typically dried, ground into powder, and put into pills, pangolin scales are used in a range of traditional medicines to help mothers who have given birth to babies to recover. But they are now endangered. Perhaps no pangolins can be seen when our next generation grow up.28. What do you know about pangolins from Paragraph 2?A. Their scales are of great value.B. Their meat is very delicious.C. They are smaller than young dogs.D. They are on the top of the food chain.29. Why are pangolins brought from Africa to Asia?A. People in Asia can really save pangolins.B. No laws protect pangolins in Africa.C. Pangolins are cheaper in Africa.D. Pangolins have sharply decreased in numbers in Asia.30. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?A. The bans on pangolin trade are ineffective.B. Pangolins have many different species.C. Governments have tried to contribute to the protection of pangolins.D. People used to take advantage of pangolins in different ways.31. What’s the author’s attitude towards pangolins’ future?A. Confident.B. Uncaring.C. Concerned.D. Positive.DGarbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation (规章制度) on July 1.Beijing has thus been expected to follow suit. The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, explaining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the t rash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations (违背). The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others —and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins indicate items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help citizens on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service isoffered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.32. Which of the fol lowing shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?A. Coke cans.B. Thrown-away batteries.C. Used books.D. Abandoned iron pots.33. It’s known from the passage that _____.A. citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing nowB. green color indicates recyclable waste like deserted clothesC. people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded throughout BeijingD. Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing34. What is the best title for the text?A. An Example in Garbage Sorting in ShanghaiB. Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in ShanghaiC. New Garbage Sorting Regulation in BeijingD. Present Garbage Collection in Beijing35. Where can you read the article?A. A fashion magazine.B. A science book.C. A newspaper.D. A government report.ETaking IT and AI to the peoplePutting aside employment prospects (就业前景) and the expectations of my parents, the major I’d most like to study is computer science.36 First, I have been interested in computers since I was a child. I like playing games and drawing and editing pictures using computer software, so I think that a computer science major would allow me to build on this interest. Second, I have found that I turn to the internet when I have a problem that people around me can’t help with. It’s a goldmine (宝库) of answers.37 We use the net to shop, chat with friends who live far away, and book tickets and hotel rooms when we travel. The net is so wonderfully convenient that I doubt that modern life would be possible without it.If I do study computer science and Internet technology as my major, after college I want to develop artificial intelligence products. They would add convenience to life. 38 They can facilitate our communication so that society can meet people’s demand for higher living standards.If I could, I’d even like to develop my own games. 39However, it’s not easy to qualify for the world of IT. 40 Nevertheless, I am going to put in every effort to achieve the high standard that is required. I firmly believe that one day my dream will be fulfilledA. There are a lot of reasons.B. The Internet has its disadvantages.C. I would want to improve the various social platforms.D. What’s more, nowadays the internet enters every aspect of life.E. This is why some people around me think that my dream is unrealistic.F. That’s some thing that would make me really proud and would add real value to my life.G. With the Internet, every student is provided with access to the same educational materials.第三部分：英语知识运用第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）I’m a second-year student of Coventry University. For more than a year, I have been volunteering for SHOUT, a text-based 41 health support service.This time last year, we all watched the COVID-19 unfold across the country. I had planned to work in the summer vacation, but this became 42 when the first lockdown (封城) began.My days became a(n) 43 of watching the news and wishing I could do something. Fortunately, I learned about SHOUT in an email from my university’s volunteering team 44 it needed more volunteers, due to the increase in 45 they were receiving since the pandemic (流行病) began. I applied instantly.SHOUT volunteers 46 as a listening ear to anyone who needs support, at any time, with their mental health. The service supports them and encourages self-care techniques to keep people 47 during the pandemic. This service was especially important during lockdown, when clinical services (医疗服务) were often 48 . As volunteers, we never give advice; often our texters just need someone to 49 .My volunteering 50 have had a huge and positive impact on my mental health. I have been able to gain new 51 from gardening to instructing. In a voluntary capacity, the pressure is off. If I’m struggling, my teammates will always encourage me to rest and 52 for a while. And when I’m feeling strong, I can get involved again and 53 other people in their time of need.The skills I’ve gained by volunteering have given me the 54 to successfully apply for an internship (实习生) with Coventry University. I strongly believe volunteering has changed my life, and I encourage everyone to 55 opportunities to change theirs too.41. A. physical B. mental C. athletic D. public42. A. impossible B. meaningful C. urgent D. critical43. A. example B. task C. repetition D. expectation44. A. explaining B. persuading C. advertising D. warming45. A. comments B. invitations C. suggestions D. messages46. A. train B. serve C. practice D. rank47. A. separate B. optimistic C. ambitious D. safe48. A. incorrect B. inaccessible C. inexpensive D. informal49. A. talk B. guide C. amuse D. listen50. A. experiences B. impressions C. interactions D. encouragements51. A. channels B. jobs C. skills D. incomes52. A. absorb B. relax C. calm D. release53. A. support B. donate C. instruct D. accompany54. A. opportunity B. expense C. knowledge D. confidence55. A. sum up B. call for C. look for D. turn up第二节单句填空（共10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分10 分）阅读下面单句，用所给单词的正确形式填空。
[实用参考]高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.doc
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独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点1.当独立主格结构中的beingdone表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时，being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构2.不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，有时做条件状语。
3.Lots of homework to do,IhavetostaPhomealldaP.4.由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。
5.So manP children to look after,themotherhastoquitherjob.6.如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
7.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构8.动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
高中英语独立主格结构复习回顾
高中英语独立主格结构复习回顾一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
②名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
③独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的形式英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。
1. 名词/ 代词+ 不定式。
如：在“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle and so on. 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带，等等。
He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。