2018年1月13日托福考试阅读机经预测
托福阅读词汇题机经总结
托福阅读词汇题机经总结
机经第一弹：
原文词：Aloof from
选项：separate from 远离的，分隔的
权威例句：This is no time for any man to withdraw into some ivory tower and proclaim the right to hold himself aloof from the problems and the agonies of his society.
现在对于任何人都不是缩进某座象牙塔并声明自己有权置身于社会问题与痛苦之外的时候。
机经第二弹：
原文词：Ancillary
选项：secondary 附属的，辅助的
I have great respect for our nurses and other ancillary personnel and the work they do, but this doesnt seem to happen to my male colleagues.
我很尊重我们的护士和其他的辅助医护人员以及他们所做的工作，但是这些似乎没有发生在我的男同事们身上.
机经第三弹：
原文词：Anguished
选项：tormented
英文释义：extreme mental distress
同义词： anguish / torture
She was tormented with fear.
她受到恐惧的折磨。
And being a happy person does not prevent anguish and heartbreak when your dog dies, or you lose your job, or when you have problems with a partner.
2018年托福阅读练习题及答案（2篇）
【导语】各位备战托福的考⽣们，考前多做⼏篇托福阅读练习题，有助于在考试中发挥正常⽔平哦！下⾯为您带来2018年托福阅读练习及答案（2篇）
托福阅读考试介绍：
托福考试满分为120分，分为4部分，考试顺序为：阅读→听⼒→⼝语→写作。
托福阅读考试时间：1个⼩时(遇加试时，时间为1个⼩时40分钟)。
阅读部分包括3篇⽂章，每篇650⾄750个单词，每篇对应11⾄13道试题。题⽬类型包括：图表题，篇章总结题(从给出的选项中选择能够概括⽂章内容的句⼦)，变换措辞题，词汇题(在⼀定的上下⽂中)，指代关系题，简化句⼦题，插⼊⽂本题，事实信息题，推断题，修辞⽬的题以及否定排除题(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外)。在完成答题的过程中，考⽣可以使⽤“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题⽬，⽽不必每道题都过⼀遍。
PASSAGE 1
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
托福阅读机经：不会飞行的鸟类
智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福阅读机经：不会飞行的鸟类
摘要：托福阅读机经：不会飞行的鸟类.以前，存在没有翅膀的鸟。因为它们生活在岛屿上，没有天敌。这种鸟翅膀肌肉不发达是因为发展翅肌的能量还不如自己保存体力。
又说到后来它们因为环境等因素不得不进化，而没有进化的鸟就因为人类入侵而灭绝了。
不会飞的鸟是指已失去飞行能力的鸟类，取而代之的是奔跑及游泳的能力。虽然如此，但普遍相信它们都是由懂得飞行的共同祖先进化而来。现存约有40种不会飞的鸟类，包括企鹅、鸵鸟及鹬鸵(奇异鸟)等广为人知的物种，及部分属于其他目的物种。除了诸如鸵鸟等大型的不会飞的鸟仍拥有强而有力的爪去对抗猎食者之外，大部分不会飞的鸟所面对的均为没有太多捕猎者的环境、或是隔绝性的海岛，花费极大气力的飞行并不符合效益，因此它们的进化倾向失去这种能力。
相比起其他地区，新西兰有较多的不会飞的鸟类，如奇异鸟、企鹅及南秧鸡等。其中一个原因是在人类首次踏足这个土地上时(约1000年前)，岛上并没有地栖形的捕猎者，它们最大的敌人反而是大型的猛禽——飞行并不是逃避敌人的有效方法。
不会飞的鸟类在面对人类所造成的威胁时冲击较大，因此它们面临灭绝的机会也较高;幸运的是它们也较易被圈养保护，简单的栏杆已是有效的工具。人类很早就懂得牧养鸵鸟以取得其羽毛，现在的规模更大，以取得其肉作食及皮作为皮革制品。
【英文题源】
Flightless birds are birds which lack the ability to fly, relying instead on their ability to run or swim. They are thought to haveevolved from flying ancestors. There are about forty species in existence today, the best known being the ostrich, emu, cassowary, rhea, kiwi, and penguin. It is believed by somecitation needed that most flightless birds evolved in the absence of predators on islands, and lost the power of flight because they had few enemies — although this is likely not the case for the ratites (the ostrich, emu and cassowary), as all have claws on their feet to use as a weapon against predators.
托福考试机经预测
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2012年5月26日托福考试机经预测
（TPO小站独家发行）
第一级（重点，排序越靠前的命中概率越大） 2010.12.3 NA(听力已中，可不看） 2011.08.28 大陆 2010.4.24 NA 2009.10.23 NA 2010.4.10 NA 2011.5.28 NA 2009.10.31 NA 2010.1.22 NA 2011.11.19 NA 2011.05.14 大陆 2011.01.08 大陆 2011.01.30 大陆 2011.02.12 大陆 2011.03.19 NA 2011.02.26 大陆2011.03.11 NA 2011.02.11 NA 第二级（次重点） 2010.10.17 大陆 2010.9.10 NA 2011.04.09 大陆 2011.01.15 NA 2010.11.13 NA
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2010.12.3
托福阅读机经训练：机会主义者和竞争者
托福阅读机经训练：机会主义者和竞争者Opportunists and Competitors
Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy. The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted. If all of one’s money is spent on clothes, there may be none left to buy food or go to the movies. Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.
All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage. No choice is involved; this allocation comes as part of the genetic package from the parents. Maintenance for a given body design of an organism is relatively constant. Storage is important, but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth. Therefore the principal differences in energy allocation are likely to be between growth and reproduction.
托福阅读机经背景文化类：走出我们世界的背影-老虎
智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福阅读机经背景文化类：走出我们世界的背影-老虎
1987年6月6日，最后一只黑海雀死去后，这种南美洲特有的雀科鸣鸟就此灭绝——在地球上永远永远地消失了。物种灭绝，这种永远消失的事情貌似与神学的轮回论想悖离，但是却时刻都在发生着。
Only 350 wild tigers remain in Asia’s Mekong River region, according to a new report from the conservation nonprofit WWF, which says the loss is being driven by trade in tiger parts.
he numbers of tigers in the wild in Southeast Asia have dropped by more than 70 percent in a little more than a decade.
That’s the claim in a new report from the WWF. The organization says there were an estimated 12-hundred tigers in the Greater Mekong region during the last “Year of the Tiger” in 1998. Today, WWF estimates there are only about 350 there.
托福阅读真题第8篇LatinAm...
托福阅读真题第8篇LatinAm...
十九世纪的持续
18月26日至18月26日，西班牙一直以来一直坚持和持续至今的1808年以来，一直以来，新取得了成功。以后继的政治立场和政治立场，经济开始稳定。那里面临着巨大的经济压力，独立并伴随着经济障碍和社会变化，可以促进进步。通常使用和高度的贵族因为没有原始经营的大庄园继续主导着经济生活。这并没有削弱独立战争中的领导作用和对西班牙权力影响的结果。
这类活动的经济生活与以往一样，因为主食带来了真实的结果，但对欧洲的实际需求，但被一些自由贸易方式为手工业几乎被廉价制造的欧洲商品所之间的经济活动。全国的鼓励地方自给自足、孤立、政治不稳定，甚至。
不利因素从大约 187 年 18 月 18 日到 18 月 70 日左右，该地区和对独立的决定与当时的许多国家并肩作战，是一个美好的年代。力量始终基于力量。通常在一个武力都指挥的首领指挥下，每个小首领通常都以高指挥率指挥他的领地指挥者。代表出对人（政府通常会举办“等地”和大地制度。“自由”和“自由”在积极的州监督来自活跃的标签。维护主义的支持主和城市形象。自由等会的省级主要和城市形象。。_ _ _ _ _的政府其中（权力在中央政府之间的分配（非宗教），保障，对教育进行（非宗教），并结束神职人员和控制的其他权利。
大约从187 年开始，欧洲革命的欧洲节奏和该地区的工业和产业开始扩张的更迅速的变化。的和程度非常不平衡，以不同的方式改变它们的栖息地和饲养方式。
商品价格极低和经济秩序的一个特征，其中一种产品的价格极有可能成为各个国家的基础，这些使面会受到影响，而其他经济部门则易片般的世界需求不前。
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2018年托福第二次考试命题就开始了，那么大家对于考试的内容有一些什么样的判断吗，和三立在线教育托福网一起来看看2018年1月13日托福考试阅读机经预测。阅读真题和词汇题按照常考题型进行分类汇总。
2018年1月13日托福考试阅读机经预测之真题测练(部分内容)：
②2015-8-22CN The Upper Paleolithic Revolution
P1: The Old Stone Age is the earliest period of human development and the longest phase of mankind’s history. It was not till around 30 thousand years ago (or 30 “kya") that the archaeological record reveals the emergence of technical and social advances, which comprised new technologies, hunting techniques, human burials, and an artistic tradition of astonishing competency. This dramatic change was known as the Upper Paleolithic Revolution. It had been traditionally argued that the Upper Paleolithic Revolution was an archaeological phenomenon exclusive to Eurasia. The absence of equivalent evidence in other regions suggested that a fundamental change had occurred in human intellectual development around 40 kya in Europe. However, the recent discovery in the Blombos Cave in South Africa of a block of decorated ochre and then sets of shell beads, dated to around 77 kya, opened up the debate. This supports other evidence of more versatile stone implements and bone tools found in Africa from the same period. Now the Upper Paleolithic Revolution is regarded as the most noticeable evidence for the evolution of modern human behavior.
•P2: Two further questions follow. First, what was happening to the human cognitive process during the 40,000 years or so from innovative usage of stone in the Blombos Cave to the flourishing of human creativity in Europe? Second, during the Pleistocene a series of momentous climatic events occurred—was climate change then a component? The question of whether the sudden transition seen in Europe was built on earlier developments in Africa has been addressed at length by anthropologists Sally McBrearty and Alison Brooks. They argue that the whole issue of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution stems from a profound Eurocentric bias and a failure to appreciate the depth and breadth of the African archaeological record.
In fact, many South African archaeological sites show that the revolution occurred in Africa during the Middle Paleolithic—tens of thousands of years before they appeared in Europe. This is supported by evidence of using new stone tools like the blade and microlithic technology. Replication has shown that blades from the time required a high level of skill to make due to their shape, indicating a higher level of hominid complexity. At the same time, exploitation of aquatic resources began to prosper.
题目：
1. Why does the author mention a block of decorated ochre and sets of shell beads?
A. To help make the point that archaeologists regard artistic creations as the highest kind of human achievement
B. To illustrate how the discovery of certain objects makes the discovery of certain other objects more likely