英语新题型训练一

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2023考研英语一新题型部分试题答案

2023考研英语一新题型部分试题答案2023考研英语一新题型部分试题答案：Section II Reading ComprehensionPart APart B【答案】41. [B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.42. [F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.43. [D] Through the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate siz es using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.44. [C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy.45. [G] The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal p rotection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images.” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E and H have been correctly placed. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies, on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.[B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S.settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that ha s to be protected,” says Murphy.[D] Through the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.[E] The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8, 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans di d not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G] The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images.” says Heather Hansen, journ alist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.[H] Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government official s. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.。

牛津英语初一英语新题型专项练习(六选五)

Thomas Edison was a great American inventor. When he was a child, he was always 2.________ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter how hard it was，he never gave up。

Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn't understand why he had 2。

________ many strange questions。

Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn't want to teach Tom any more. He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom's mother taught him to read and write，and she foundhim 3.________ a very good pupil。

He learnt very fast and becamevery interested in science.One day ，he saw a little boy 4.________ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quiclly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to 5 .________。

The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph。

考研英语一新题型方法

考研英语一新题型方法1、先看选项，理解选项意思新题型与完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，因此，我们可以通过句段的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来推断其在文章中的位置。

另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子或段落，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。

2、联系上下文内容在往空格的地方填选项的时候一定要联系上下文，看空格的前后句子、前后段落。

看自己选择的答案填进去是否能够契合全文。

由于七选五空出的是整个句子或段落，而这些句段之间，必定有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者逻辑相关性来确定这两个句段之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。

3、注意文章或选项中的代词在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意文中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的内容，我们要做的就是从选项中找出含有相应内容的句段。

4、注意特别句式在空格的前面出现特别的句式，例如特别疑问句或者疑问词这种状况时候，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为关于不同特别疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语从句注意关系连词语等。

如一些表示转折的连词，but，however，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neithernor，eitheror，not only...but also，on one hand....on the other hand等。

通过不同的连词我们可以推知句段与句段之间不同的逻辑关系，从而找出在最符合行文逻辑的正确选项。

新题型的难度不是很大，考生只要掌握一定的解题技巧，细心做题，一定能拿高分。

人教版八年级上册英语新题型阅读训练Units(1-2)

人教版八年级上册英语新题型阅读训练Units(1-2)一、语法选择A阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，选出最佳选项。

I will never forget this year's vacation.At first I thought the vacation would be very __1__，because I was going to the sea(海)．I didn't think there __2__ anything interesting on the beach.I thought I would want __3__ back home on the first day，but I was wrong(错误的)．I went __4__ my family to Syracuse on July 15th.We spent three weeks there! We stayed at a nice hotel.The rooms were all large and clean.The hotel was near the sea.It was great，because we often went back late at __5__ night.During(在……期间) those three weeks I met a lot of interesting people.I spent with them __6__ of the time.Soon we became(成为) __7__．We built sandcastles(沙堡)，we swam and we visited many fun places.The weather was great.Every morning when I woke up，I could see a blue sky __8__ a big sun.Only one day it __9__，but the sun came out soon.I enjoyed this vacation and I will never forget __10__．It is one of the best time in my life.( )1.A.relaxing B．difficult C．bored D．boring( )2.A.was B．were C．is D．are( )e B．to come C．came D．coming( )4.A.for B．on C．with D．in( )5.A.a B．an C．the D．/( )6.A.more B．many C．most D．much( )7.A.friends B．friend C．classmate D．classmates( )8.A.or B．and C．so D．but( )9.A.rain B．rained C．ran D．run( )10.A.them B．their C．its D．itB阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，选出最佳选项。

英语一新题型大纲样题

英语一新题型大纲样题(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--新题型大纲样题（考研英语一）一、七（六）选五Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.41) ________ Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.42) ________. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.43) ________ There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kindof shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.44) ________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45) ________.About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.[B]Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in whichour coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.[F]When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea arid there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.二、排序题Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the lastparagraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] "I just don't know how to motivate them to do a better job. We're in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It's hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn't — it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.[B] "Finally, I can't say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it's not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.[C] "I've got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires,' accidents, and other emergencies.[D] "Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that's not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll win. We triedsetting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff."[E]"The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F] "So I just don't know What to do. I've been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work."[G ] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation — how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order: G—41—42—43—44—45—F三、信息匹配题Directions: You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45).There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar "tombstone" that lists where you went to school and where you've worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the "functional" resume — descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.It's handy to have a "tombstone" for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested" tombstone "lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read — a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.yourself first:In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.what you can do, not who you are:Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.Toot your own horn!Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch — if only you show it.specific, be concrete, and be brief!Remember that "brevity is the best policy."bad news into good:Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.apologize:If you've returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph (summary of background) in place of a chronology of experience. Don't apologize for working at being a mother; it's the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don't mention education.The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective.Don't worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the sameskills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you've ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When you've satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.Isn't that the kind of person you'd want working for your?[A] A woman who lost her job as a teacher's aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: "Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher's aide she would rehire if government funds became available."[B] One resume I received included the following: "Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization's accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion." Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward — all in 34 words.[C] For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.[D] An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement "Ready to learn though not so well educated".[E] One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.[F] A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She'd agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn't in her resume. She answered, "It wasn't important." What she was really saying of course was "I'm not important."四、小标题题Passage 1Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)[A] What to do as a student?[B] Various definitions of plagiarism[C] Ideas should always be sourced[D] Ignorance can be forgiven[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft[F] The consequences of plagiarismScholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is "the wrongfulappropriation or purloining, and publication as one's own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another."The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in identifying sources properly.They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer's inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have readit long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography — are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although 'there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them," the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge theirindebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.Passage 2Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about how to select a fund． Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41-45)． The first and last paragraph of the text are not numbered． There is one extra heading which you do not need to use． Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)．A) Watching related expenses and making wise choice．B) Paying attention to detailsC) Weighing your financial goals and expectations firstD) Maintaining realistic expectationsE) Narrowing the SearchF) Not too specialEating better. Exercising. Investing. There are a lot of things you know should he doing. There problem is that getting started always seems to be the hardest pat. For many investors, mutual funds are a good way to go, but trying to sort through the number of available choices——now more than 1 0,000——makes this important task appear overwhelming Let’s look at some ways to cut thatnumber down to a reasonable size, as well as other factors to consider when selecting your first fund．Before you begin examining potential inv estments, it’s important to take some time to access your own goals and risk tolerance. If you start with a clear objective in mind, as well as an understanding as to how you might react if your investment loses money, you’11 be less likely to purchase a fund that doesn’t fit your needs .And that’s what often leads it disappointment It is important to look for funds that are appropriate—ate for both your goals and your investment temperament．One way to begin your search for a good fund is to use the Momingstar stat rating. The rating is a useful tool for narrowing the field to funds that have done a good job of balancing return and risk in the past. To assign rating, Morningstar uses a formula that compares a fund’s risk—adjusted historical performance with that of other funds within four rating groups——domestic stock funds, international stock funds, taxable bond funds, and municipal bond funds．Funds that invest solely in a single market sectors, called specialty funds, often have impressive returns and may be great additions to a diversified portfolio. However, the success of such funds depends largely on the fortunes of a particular market sector. Hence, specialty funds probably aren’t the best way tostart. For your first fund, look for a diversified stock fund that has exposure to different types of stocks．There’s no free lunch in fund investing：1n addition to the sales fees that some fund companies charge, fund investors must also pay management fees and trading cost. Unfortu nately, you don’t necessarily get what you pay for—no one has ever shown that more expensive funds provide greater returns. Look for funds with reasonable costs. The expense ratio, which expresses annual costs as a percentage amount, is probably the best number to use when comparing mutual fund costs．Whatever the market does, try to take it in stride. You’re in for the long haul, so don’t worry about the market’s day—to—day gyrations. Relax and resist the temptation to monitor your first investment daily. Check in on your mutual funds once a month, and give your portfolio a thorough exam every 6 to 12 months. And consider adding to your fund each month. An automatic investment plan makes it a relatively painless process. Finally, remember that the ultimate measure of your Success as an investor depends not on your owning the best—performing mutual fund. Only one fund will be the top performer over the next decade, and there’s no way to predict which one it will be. Meeting your own financial goals should ultimately be the yardstick by which you measure your investment success．一、七（六）选五41. B 42. F 43. E 44. A 45. C二、排序题41. C 42. E 43. A 44. B 45. D三、例子或匹配题41. F 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D四、小标题题Passage 141. F 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. E Passage 241. C 42. E 43. F 44. A 45. D。

考研英语真题英语一新题型

考研英语真题英语一新题型How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.41.You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance,to whom, when and where?The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues;and42.. Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or‘true’meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world.43. Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.44.This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merelyrelative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns–debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.45..Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together,they make up the reading component of your overall literacy,or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course?Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Waysof reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender,ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meaning,using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:these might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance about how the text may be significant to you,or about its plausibility–inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays,novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily asmouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.答案解析：41.C，If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms……。

2022高1套餐01-高一英语同步新高考新题型组合练

2022届高1精品套餐练01套I. 7选5阅读（2021年秋季高一新生入学分班英语第一测A卷）How can a parent help to develop healthy self-respect in child? These tips can make a big difference:Watch what you say. 36．Remember to praise your child not only for a job well done, but also for effort. But be truthful. For example, if your child doesn't make the soccer team, avoid saying something like, "Well, next time you'll work harder and make it." Instead, try "Well, you didn't make the team, but I'm really proud of the effort you put into it."37．If you're very hard on yourself, negative, or unrealistic about your abilities and limitations, your child may mirror you in the end. Raise your own self-respect, and your child will have a great role model.Identify and correct your child's inaccurate beliefs. Helping kids set more accurate standards will help them have a healthy self-concept. 38．For example, a child who does very well in school but struggles with math may say, "I can't do math. I'm a bad student." Not only is this false, it will also set the child up for failure. 39．A helpful response might be: "You are a good student. You do great in school. Math is just a subject that you need to spend more time on."Create safe, loving home environment. Kids who don't feel safe or are badly treated at home will suffer greatly from low self-respect. Watch for signs of ill-treatment by others, problems in school, trouble with peers, and other factors that may affect kids' self-respect. 40．And always remember to respect your kids.A．Be a positive role model.B．Kids are very sensitive to parents' words.C．Encourage kids to see a situation in its true light.D．Give hugs and tell kids you're proud of them.E. Deal with these issues considerately but swiftly.F. Inaccurate opinions of self can take root and become reality to kids.G. Help kids take part in practical experiences.II. 阅读理解（2021外研版必修2第6单元测试1 A篇）Italy adopted a new law to cut down food waste—the second such law in Europe, joining France’s. So what’s the United States doing with the 30 percent of its food that is simply thrown away? Italy’s Senate gave final approval(批准) to encourage businesses, shops and restaurants to donate their unused food to charities. That’s a practice that historically hasn’t been a part of Italian culture. Italy discards more than 17 percent of its food every year.Calling Italy’s level of food waste unacceptable, Agriculture Minister Maurizio Martina told the newspaper La Repubblica, “With this law, we get closer and closer to the aim of recovering a million tons of food and giving it to those who need it.”The U.S. Agriculture Department’s Economic Research Service says that more than 30 percent of the U.S. food supply is wasted—133 billion pounds of it every year, equal to $161 billion.” In a world full of hunger and changeable food prices, these statistics (统计数字) are more than just appalling,” according to the North American office of the U.N. Environment Program.” More surprisingly, most of the waste food is completely healthy food that could have helped feed poor families,” the Agriculture Department says.Several efforts are under way in some departments. The Agriculture Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, for example, set a goal last year of cutting what they called “food loss”in half by 2030. The idea is to improve product development, storage, marketing and cooking methods and recycle food waste to feed animals.Meanwhile, legislation(立法) in both houses of Congress aims at reducing food waste and pays more attention to educating buyers on what different labels(标签) really mean so that they don’t throw away perfectly good food. Research by the Harvard Food Law and Policy Clinic found that 45 percent of all food waste happens in the home, for buyers’ confusion over the importance of date labels—which aren’t based on any science and aren’t controlled by the government.1. What does Maurizio Martina think of Italy’s level of food waste?A. It has become very serious.B. It is not as serious as America’s.C. It has been successfully controlled in recent years.D. It is the most serious among all European countries.2. What does the underlined word “appalling”in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Interesting.B. Exciting.C. Encouraging.D. Shocking.3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Most food waste happens in restaurants.B. Some buyers don’t get into the habit of saving food.C. It is the government’s duty to control the food waste.D. Some buyers don’t realize the importance of the date labels.III. 完形填空（2021外研版必修2第6单元测试3 ）Our family enjoyed a beautiful house plant for over thirty years. It had stayed with us through 1years and good times, pain and joy. I had never thought of2it.However, two weeks ago, we3some changes in its leaves, which began to lose color. We watered and looked after it4, but it just showed no sign of5. We finally picked a few almost dead leaves and6replanting them in another small pot.What7us was that these leaves planted in the new pot grew strong. In order to know the reason why the house plant died, we dug the dead plant out of the pot. Then, it became8to us—its roots(根)were in disorder, completely tangling up. Our once-beautiful plant died because it grew out of its environment—it became root-bound (根满盆的).People can become root-bound, too. Those who9personal growth or development often want to make10that can lead to greater achievements or much more happiness. However, they more often find they outgrow their environment and want to11. Their view becomes larger and they need12environment to live in. They need people who will make13for their growth. If they cannot be14, some problems are sure to appear.So if your new-found growth causes you to abandon the old ways, you may need to15you are bigger now.1.A. peaceful B. hard C. pleasant D. busy2.A. controlling B. buying C. losing D. sell3. A. made B. recorded C. collected D. discovered4. A. disappointedly B. carefully C. quickly D. happily5. A. recovery B. strength C. trouble D. growth6. A. avoided B. practiced C. tried D. enjoyed7. A. amazed B. disappointed C. embarrassed D. bored8. A. happy B. useful C. energetic D. clear9. A. depend on B. look for C. wait for D. turn down10. A. suggestions B. studies C. explanations D. changes11. A. take off B. fall down C. calm down D. set up12. A. warmer B. larger C. safer D. taller13. A. chances B. promises C. time D. room14. A. satisfied B. accepted C. mentioned D. protected15. A. refuse B. order C. realize D. proveIV. 语法填词（2021福建福州高一下三校联盟）What on earth does happiness mean? I can’t give you its exact definition, but I’m sure if you love and help others you’ll get it.I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives in ___71_____ small house alone. It is said that her husband and her son ___72_______(die) in a road accident years ago. Her life is bitter, but she often helps others ___73_____ a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first___74____(clean) the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of them. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of ___75_____(laugh) and love.But I’m sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They talk____76______(noisy) and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy themselves and they laugh at others’ shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy at that time, ___77____they will never get true happiness because they __78_______(lose) their personality already.Now I know what happiness is. _79____means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that ___80______(bring) happiness to others is getting ourselveshappiness.2022届高1精品套餐练01套答案I. 7选5阅读（2021年秋季高一新生入学分班英语第一测A卷）36．B；37．A；38．F；39．C；40．E；【分析】本文是说明文。

2023年12月英语四级改革新题型模拟题一

2023年12月英语四级改革新题型模拟题一Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。

篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared[A ] Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended puttingher mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,”she says. “But I didnt even know how to find help.”[B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2023 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.[C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power ofattorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first lineof defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says .[D] Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial plannerat Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to holda family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, thefamily decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.[E] Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2023 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.[ F] Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2023 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.[G ] If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parentsprefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to。

语法填空(名词)分类训练

语法填空（名词）分类训练语法填空分类训练之一名词语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。

在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生们的英语综合水平。

本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

下面这些破解语法填空的技巧，非常实用，一起来学习吧！已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。

单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。

在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例：There are many students living at school，the (child) houses are all far from school．由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。

2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练(共10篇)(word版有答案 )

2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练(共10篇)(word版有答案 )2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练（一）篇Some people believe that dreams can tell them what will happen in the future.Nobody knows why,but there 1 many stories about people who have had dreams that came true.One of these people 2 a man called John Chapman,who lived in a small town,named Swaffham in England and was 3 loved by people in this place.Though he was very poor,he was kind and likely to help 4 in trouble.One night,he dreamed that he was standing on London Bridge and a man told him how 5 rich.John Chapman really needed money and wanted to have a try,so the next day he set off for London.He walked for three days and three nights and at last arrived at London Bridge.There 6 plenty of people on the bridge,but they were not interested in him.They were all unaware of him.Three days later,he decided to go home,but before he could do this a shopkeeper was approaching him.“I’ve been watching you,” the shopkeeper said.“Are you waiting for someone?”“Yes,”said John.“I had a dream 7 a man on London Bridge.He was going to lead me to own much money.”“Oh,”said the shopkeeper,“you shouldn’t believe in dreams.If I believed in dreams,I’d be in Swaffham right now.I had a dream a few days 8 about a man from Swaffham.His name was John Chapman and he had gold in his garden near 9 old apple tree.”John was amazed and immediately headed for home.As soon as he arrived,he dug in his garden near the old apple tree.He soon found many pieces of gold. 10 happy he was! He gave some of the gold to his church.For the rest of his life,he was a rich man.( )1.A.is B.are C.will be D.will have ( )2.A.were B.was C.is D.are( )3.A.deep B.deeper C.deeply D.depth ( )4.A.other B.others C.the other D.the others ( )5.A.become B.to become C.becomes D.became ( )6.A.is B.are C.was D.were( )7.A.at B.about C.with D.for( )8.A.after B.before C.ago D.behind ( )9.A.an B.a C.the D./( )10.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练(共10篇)(word版有答案 )（二）篇In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They 2 also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 3 workers also combine( 组合) various hardwoods and metal 4 special designs.The Chinese 5 chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs( 树枝) to remove it.Over time, 6 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 497 B.C., influenced the 8 of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killing and 9 too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used 10 in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.( )1.A.and B.or C.but D./( )2.A.may B.need C.must D.can( )3.A.Skills B.Skilled C.Skilling D.Skill( )4.A.to create B.creating C.create D.created ( )e ed C.have used D.have been used ( )6.A.as B.as soon as C.before D.after( )7.A./ B.whom C.which D.who( )8.A.develop B.development C.developing D.developed ( )9.A.were B.are C.was D.have been ( )10.A.somewhere B.anywhere C.everywhere D.nowhere2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练(共10篇)(word版有答案 )2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练（二）（一）篇There is an old saying: “Take the time to stop and smell the flowers.” I think we should also take the time 1 flowers.My grandmother knew just how to do that. She grew flowers with earth, water and love, so her back garden 2 with beautiful flowers. She would smile when she saw 3 sun shine down on them. In her front garden she planted flowers, 4 . You could see red, white, and yellow flowers in it. My mom and I used to walk 5them and enjoy their smells. Beautiful butterflies (蝴蝶) flew down on them. Grandma also cared for the wild flowers. She would send 6and my brother out to pick flowers and would then turn them into delicious wine (酒).Grandma not only planted flowers in the gardens 7 also planted flowers in our hearts. Her delicious dinners made with love encouraged us. Her sweet smile always made us 8 . Her hugs (拥抱) and kisses were the sunshine 9 kept our own love growing day after day.Take the time to plant a few flowers yourself today. Show your smiles, kindness and love. Plant your wishes, talents and pleasure. Make this world 10 with your sunshine.( )1. A. plant ( )2. A. filled B. plantingB. was fullC. to plantC. was filledD. to plantingD. filling( )3. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( )4. A. too B. either C. then D. though ( )5. A. at B. on C. with D. around( )6. A. me ( )7. A. and B. youB. soC. himC. butD. herD. or( )8. A. happy B. hungry C. tired D. angry ( )9. A. who B.that C. where D. when ( )10. A. bright and bright B. brighter and brightC. bright and brighterD.brighter and brighter(二)篇As a final year student at university, it is time for me to decide what 1 next.In all my life,I have wanted to be 2 excellent teacher, and I am lucky that I 3 a place to teach a course next year. The course will take place in my hometown. After four years of living away from my family,I know I will find 4 very strange to live at home again. This isn't because I don't enjoy living at home 5 because I have got used to being an independent student. While I 6 away from home,I had to buy everything by myself.I had to pay bills and work hard to pay rent for my house 7 I lived in. Because of the economic situation in this country, it is popular among students to live at home again after they graduate. There are two reasons why young people can't 8 find jobs. One is the lack of jobs and the other is the cost of living.I am one of the two children in my family，and my 9 sister will start studying at university next year.I didn't speak to my parents about it，but I am sure that this isn't a problem for them I would like to think that they enjoy 10 us around！In the coming year ，I will be able to see my parents every day.However，I would love to find my own house eventually when I can afford it！( )1. A.do B.to do C.doing D.to doing ( )2. A.a B.an C.the D./( )3. A.will give B.was given C.will be given D.am given ( )4. A.that B.this C.it D.its( )5. A.but B.and C.so D.or( )6. A.live B.will live C.was living D.have lived ( )7. A.who B.which C.when D.where ( )8. A.easy B.easily C.easier D.more easily ( )9. A.young B.more young C.youngest D.younger ( )10. A.having B.have C.to have D.to having2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练(共10篇)(word版有答案 )2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练（三）（一）篇Every day when Cora Castle goes back home ，she opens her computer and logs into（登录）a website called Fuel Up to Play 60.The 14-year-old girl puts on what she has eaten and what kind of activities she 1 that day.Then the site decides 2 Castle has eaten healthily and done enough exercise or not.All the seventh graders in Castle's school have done 3 same thing since the year started.It's part of their 4 class.If the site finds her habits are unhealthy，it will give her advice.If she does 5 ，the website will give her a star.Her health teacher set up a competition 6 which student could get 7 stars from the website.Castle has got 30 stars so far.Cameron Bartlett said she liked tracking（跟踪）the food and the activities.“This is the first year we've done it，"she said."It's really 8 to see all of the different choices that we have.”The seventh grade health class is coming to an end.They won't be in health class，9 the students all said that they would go on to take part in the Fuel Up to Play 60."There is lots of bad food out there that we've all been eating，"Bartlett said. "This really helps all of us 10 healthier food."（（（（）1.）2.）3.）4.A.played A.ifA.aA.healthB.playsB.whenB.anB.healthyC.is playingC.whetherC./C.healthilyD.hasplayedD.thatD.the（）5. A.anything good B.good anything C.somethinggood D.good something（）6. A.see B.seen C.saw D.to see （）7. A.many B.much C.the more D.the most （）8. A.interesting B.interested C.interestingly D.interest （）9. A.and B.so C.but D.because （）10.A.eatB.eatenC.ateD.eating（二）篇Last weekend after a quick lunch at a snack bar,I still had some extra time before 1 through security to catch my flight to Los Angeles. Not knowing what to do,I then decided it was the perfect time and place to look for an act of kindness to do. Outside the security fence there 2 a girl having flowers for sale.I told her that I'd like to buy flowers for someone else, and she could decide who to give them to. She looked a little 3 , so I suggested perhaps she should give them to someone 4 looked a little sad. That was because he or she 5 need some cheering up.At first, the girl answered,"That's crazy."But then I explained a little more about the idea of 6 something kind for a stranger, and she understood."I' ll never know how it turns out,"I said,"but you will have the chance to make someone's good day."At that time, she started to seem 7 about it.She went to take the flowers out of the water they were sitting 8 . I explained,"It is fine 9 them in there until the person who you want to give them to comes."At that point, I think she was between surprised and happy.10 nice day I had!（）1. A. go B. goes C. going D. went（）2. A. is B. was C. are D. were（）3. A. confuse B. confused C. confusing D. confuses （）4. A. who B. which C. what D. whose （）5. A. might B. can C. must D. should （）6. A. do B. doing C. did D. done（）7. A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement （）8. A. in B. on C. of D. out（）9. A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave （）10. A. What a B. How a C. What D. How2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练（四）（一）篇Since my mother moved to live with us in the city ，she has been much heavier than before.As time went by，her health got 1 .So I had to take her to see a 2 .My mother was told to lose weight by doing exercise every day.She had no choice but to follow 3 the doctor said.I told her that I would exercise with her every morning.On the first morning，she got up very early 4 ran with me in our neighborhood.I tried to run slowly so that she could follow me.After5 for some minutes，I told her the proper ways of exercise and theimportance of eating healthy food.She listened to me carefully.It made me 6 that she told me everything very patiently when I was a kid.On the second morning ，I praised her for keeping running with me.But after two weeks ，she wanted to 7 running because she thought the two-week exercise didn't work at all.To encourage her ，I taught her how to use the facilities（设施）for exercise in our 8 .Shebegan to exercise again.With my help，it 9 her one month to develop a good habit of daily exercise.“Thank you，my dear daughter.Exercise brings health and happiness to me.I will 10 worry about my health."Her words touched my heart deeply.I felt happy to make a big difference to my mother's life."（）1. A.worse B.thinner C.better D.stronger （）2. A.teacher B.waiter C.nurse D.doctor （）3. A.that B.what C.which D.where （）4. A.so B.but C.and D.or（）5. A.swimming B.eating C.playing D.running （）6. A.act B.expect C.forget D.remember （）7. A.put up B.give up C.set up D.eat up （）8. A.school B.neighborhood C.hospital D.cinema （）9. A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid（）10. A.always B.ever C.never D.sometimes（二）篇Some people like to play baseball.Others like basketball or soccer.1 for some people，those sports aren't fun enough.Some people thinkthat the best sports are the scary and dangerous sports which are calledextreme sports（极限运动）.Bungee jumping（蹦极）is 2 extreme sport.When you go bungee jumping，you start at a very high place.For example，you mightstand on a bridge.A very strong rope is attached to your feet. 3 endof the rope is tied to the bridge.When you are ready，you jump off thebridge.For 4 seconds，you fall towards the ground very 5 .After that，people pull you up.Most people say that bungee jumping is a very scary experience. In fact, some people try 6 best to do it, but they don't succeed. Whenthey stand on the bridge and look down, they get too scared, and thengive up.Do you know 7 people go bungee jumping? Some people want to fight 8 their fears. For example, if a person is afraid of being inhigh places, he may go bungee jumping to get rid of his fears. Otherpeople enjoy bungee jumping because they just want to try 9 .Bungee jumping sounds crazy, but many people like it. Today, people do it in countries around the world. People don't just go bungeejumping from bridges, 10 .They go bungee jumping from buildings, mountains, and even helicopters!（）1. A. And B. So C. But D. Or（）2. A. an B. a C. the D./（）3. A. Another B. The other C. The others D. Other（）4. A. little B. few C.a little D.a few（）5. A. fast B. more fast C. faster D. fastest （）6. A. they B. their C. them D. theirs（）7. A. when B. how C. why D. where（）8. A. against B. for C. with D. over（）9. A. new somethingB. something newC. new anything D. anything new （）10. A. too B. also C. either D. as well2020年广东省中考英语新题型语法选择专题训练（五）（一）篇As two women walked into a New Jersey hospital, they laughed. It showed the love that had held them together 1 forty years as best friends. Although they were laughing, one of these ladies would soon put her life in danger 2 her best friend.Patty Hurley and Eileen Riley met at high school and have been close friends ever since. But when Eileen, 3 nurse, became ill with kidney (肾) disease, she didn’t go running to her friend — Patty came to help her, after 4 Eileen was sick. “My kidneys are failing,” Eileen explained.“Can I give you one of mine?” 5 the immediate reply.The offer was so simple 6 Eileen thought she had heard wrong. But Patty repeated she was willing to help, and their journey to the operating table began.Eileen always knew that her friend would help. She said 7 , “When Patty makes a promise, she keeps 8 .”The operation went ahead in May, and both women are now very healthy and 9 than ever.“There are no words to describe 10 amazing this woman is,”Eileen said afterwards. “She gave me my life.”( )1. A. in B. for C. since D. with ( )2. A. save B. saved C. saves D. to save ( )3. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )4. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear ( )5. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming ( )6. A. as B. which C. that D. until ( )7. A. simple B. simply C. simpler D. simplest ( )8. A. it B. them C. its D. ones ( )9. A. closest B. most close C. closer D. closely ( )10. A. so B. why C. what D. how（二）篇People all over the world celebrate Valentine’s Day. However, the holiday 1 differently in different countries 2 each culture hasits own Valentine’s Day customs.For example, people in the United States and Japan both celebrate Valentine’s Day 3 February 14. But in Japan, only romantic partnerscome together; while in America, it can be shared by anyone 4 isclose, friend or lover. Chocolate is the most preferred gift in the US5 it is common in Japan, too. However, in the US other kinds of giftsare 6 given, and many people exchange cards.The biggest 7 is that in Japan , only girls and women 8 chocolates to boys and men, but in the US boys and girls will give cards orsmall gifts to all of 9 friends. And while American men and womenboth receive gifts, women usually get 10 expensive gifts than men.That’s why I would like to be a man in Japan but a woman in the US!( ) 1. A.celebrates B.is celebrating C.celebrated D.is celebrated ( ) 2. A. although B. where C. because D. if( ) 3. A. on B. in C. at D. by( ) 4. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which ( ) 5. A. so B. as C. and D. or( ) 6. A. too B. either C. neither D. also( ) 7. A. difference B. differences C. different D. differently ( ) 8. A. give B. to give C. giving D. given ( ) 9. A. theirs B. they C. them D. their ( ) 10. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer训练一【答案】（一）篇1-5 BBCBB 6-10 DBCAC（二）篇1-5 ADBAC 6-10 ADBAC训练二【答案】（一）篇1-5 CCBAD 6-10 ACABD（二）篇 1-5 BBCCA 6-10 CBBDA 训练三【答案】（一）篇1-5 DCDAC 6-10 DDACA（二）篇 1-5 CBBAA 6-10 BAADA 训练四【答案】（一）篇1-5 ADBCD 6-10 DBBAC（二）篇1-5 CABDA 6-10 BCABC 训练五【答案】（一）篇1- 5 BDACA 6-10 CBACD（二）篇1-5 DCABC 6-10 DAADB。

2021考研英一新题型专项训练 7选5答案

英语一新题型专项训练答案Text 1文章概览本文节选自《纽约客》（The New Yorker），原文题为“Why Walking Helps Us Thinking”（为什么跑步有助于思考）。

本文主要谈论走路对大脑产生的积极影响。

第一段讲述的是大脑内部的化学物质在人走路时产生了哪些变化，以及由此带来了哪些积极效益；第二段指出走路能够建立起身体节奏和精神状态之间的反馈回路；第三、第四段述走路的地点会对大脑产生怎样的影响；最后一段论述走路和写作之间的相似之处。

全文翻译是什么让走路能够如此影响思考和写作？首先是它使我们体内的化学物质发生了变化。

当我们走路时，心跳会加快，更多的血液和氧气不仅会被输送到肌肉，还会被输送至包括大脑在内的所有器官。

许多实验表明在运动期间或运动后（即便只是简单的拉伸运动），人们在记忆力和注意力测试中也会有更好的表现。

（41）定期散步还会促进脑细胞之间建立新联系，缓解大脑组织因年龄增长而导致的衰竭，增加海马体的体积（对记忆力至关重要的大脑区域），提高脑内的分子水平，这些分子可以刺激新神经元生长并加快它们之间的信息传递。

我们身体运动的方式还能进一步改变我们的精神状态，反之亦然。

（42）专门研究运动音乐的心理学家通过测量计算证实了一些众所周知的事情：听快节奏的歌会使我们跑得更快，而我们跑得越快，就希望音乐的节奏更快。

同样，如果驾驶员听着快且高亢的音乐，他们就会不知不觉地使多点劲踩油门。

按我们自己的节奏走路，可以建立起身体节奏和精神状态之间纯粹的反馈回路，而这是我们在健身房慢跑、驾车、骑自行车，或者做其他运动时所无法轻易体会到的。

走路地点也同样有影响。

南卡罗来纳大学的马克·伯尔曼开展的一项研究表明，在一项记忆力测试中，比起沿着城市街道行走的学生，漫步植物园的学生的成绩提高得更多。

有研究表明，置身于绿色空间——花园、公园、森林——可以恢复人们在人造环境中消耗的精神资源。

虽然这类研究的数量不多，但是也在不断地增长。

2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧一五种基本句型和常用谚语1

2020 年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题一 5 种基本句型打好写作基础5 种基本句型复习确保句子写对、结构完整是写作中最基本的要求。

所以，要想完成写作这栋高楼大厦，就一定先要把地基打好，即掌握好基本句式。

否则再漂亮洋气的作文也只能是空谈。

英语语言中，最基本的句型只有五种，其它各种复杂的从句、句式也都是从它们演变而来。

一. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)此句型中，主语只需要一个实意动词就可以表达出完整的动作和意思。

这类动词为不及物动词，后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等结构。

1.The 13th National Games will take place in Tianjin at the end of August. (2017 天津高考书面表达)2.As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased from 2012 to 2015. (2017年江苏高考书面表达)3.Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. (2014 湖南高考书面表达)二. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语该句型的动词为实意动词，是由主语发出的动作，但是不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，才能表达完整的意思。

有时可以由不及物动词加介词构成及物动词完成。

宾语即为动作的承受者，可以有名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。

1.New members will receive extra guidance on Sunday mornings from 3:30 p.m. to 11:00 a.m... (2017 全国卷书面表达)2.We debated over what to put into the video. (2017 北京高考书面表达)3.Hopelessness and guilt quickly flooded her mind. (2016 浙江高考书面表达)4.It offered teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. (2015 北京高考书面表达)三. 主语+系动词+表语该句型主要是说明主语的身份、状态、特征，谓语动词是系统词，后面接的表语可以为形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等。

2021届高考英语新题型阅读七选五专题训练(含答案解析1)

2021届高考英语新题型：阅读七选五专题训练(含答案解析1)专题01 空格针对训练之段首主题句技法指导完形填空填的是词，七选五填的是句子。

解答此题型最快捷实用的解题步骤是先判断，再定位。

先判断——即判定空格处的句子是主旨句（标题类，主题句类）、过渡性句子（文章结构）、细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）；再定位——即根据上下文语义关系确定填哪一个选项。

根据设空位置判断句子作用，有针对性地在选项中筛选答案。

（1)如果空格出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句，是对本段的高度概括和提炼。

一个自然段往往叙述一件事或表达一个观点，即只有一个主题。

认真阅读空格后内容，根据段落表达内容一致性原则，在所给出的选项和段落中查找相关词或者同义词从而推断出该段的主题句，（2)关注与下文的关系，着重阅读空格后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。

阅读时要学会"回前顾后"，以确定答案。

[快解题]读全文→速读全文，了解大意看位置→看题目位于段首、段中还是段尾找联系→寻找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系思逻辑→思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系析选项→分析选项的特征，预判选项在文中的位置精练必刷题：（一）With the summer holiday just around the corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations. Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket：Travel off-seasonGo to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you'll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists. 1．_______Eat like a localWhy eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? 2．_______ During your family trip, try new food where the locals eat. This will not just save money, butalso provide you with a new and different experience. For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout.3．_______Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and your family are going to Stay for a longer period，renting a small apartment is a good choice.Choose local transportation4．_______ Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper. If you are planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car. Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot.Don't hesitate to bargainTourist-heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything. Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are very expensive at these places. 5．_______ Bargain hard to get the best price.A．Save on hotels.B．Surf the Internet while traveling.C．So it's best to find out when the off-season starts.D．Therefore, avoid buying anything there.E. Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs.F. For this reason, you shouldn't feel ashamed to ask for bargains.G. As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever possible, since they are expensive.（二）Many people think that English writing is difficult. __1__ Here are some great writing tips that will help you improve your writing in a short time.Don't ramble (长篇大论). This is a very common mistake made by people who have poor writing skills. When they ramble, they are not paying attention to grammar. As a result, their sentences become very long. __2__ If you know you have poor grammar, use short sentences.__3__ Think about each sentence carefully to make sure that it is correct before moving on. It's better to write a short passage that is easy to read and error free than to write a long article that is filled with grammar errors.Increase your vocabulary. If you don't have a large vocabulary, you will find it difficult to write as you can't find right words to express (表达) yourself clearly. The solution (解决办法) to this problem is to increase your vocabulary. __4__ You can do this by reading the local daily newspapers, borrowing books from the library or watching English programs.Don't write when you are tired. Tiredness can lead to nothing to write. If you find yourself looking at a blank piece of paper with nothing to write, don't just sit there! Take a walk or a warm shower, or simply lie down to get some rest. __5__ You'll find that you'll enjoy your writing a lot more and make fewer mistakes!A．Find out the mistakes you've made.B．Make sure your sentences are correct.C．You can pick up new words almost anywhere.D．Write what interests you most in the beginning.E．As a result, they may give up after trying hard for a while.F．The longer the sentences are, the more mistakes they'll make.G．When your mind is relaxed, you should go back to your writing.（三）You can take fish oil supplements. You can invest in a language class. There are countless ways to improve your memory and cognitive functioning.__1__.It's called reading. It is amazing how such an ordinary activity can improve your brain in so many ways.The most basic impact occurs in the brain area associated with language reception. Compared with processing spoken language, reading encourages the brain to work harder and better.__2__.A study found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. Reading also energizes the region responsible for motor activity. That's because the brain is a very lively play actor. When it is reading about a physical activity, the neurons (神经元) that control that activity get busy as well. You may not actually be riding a horse when you're reading Sea biscuit,but your brain acts as if it is.__3__，the better it is for your overall cognitive performance.What if you are a poor reader who feels as if you would never be able to read enough to harvest these benefits？__4__.Scientists studied children aged eight to ten who were below average readers. One hundred hours of reading classes significantly improved the quality of their brains' white matter — the tissue that carries signals between areas of gray matter, where information is processed.__5__.Results from a study indicate that close literary reading gives your brain a better workout than leisurely reading. The ability to read closely needs to be developed. So turn off your phone and your computer, set aside a good hour or two and just read.A．Reading is good for your healthB．A book can fix that problem tooC．If you read books on a regular basisD．Not all reading is actually created equalE．And the benefits continue long after readingF．The more parts of your brain that get a workoutG．But the most effective way to sharpen your brain is right here【答案解析】一、[分析]本文介绍了暑假出行时既能享受快乐假期，又能够在吃、住、行等方面节省开支的几条建议。

新题型01 阅读理解七选五浙江高考英语新题型研读与训练含解析

新题型01 阅读理解七选五阅读理解七选五这个题型要求在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，其中两项为多余的迷惑选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。

＂的阅读学习和教学理念。

该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。

从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

＂可以得出以下结论：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。

其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。

文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。

文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活、学习紧密相关。

【题型分析】分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇通常是由句子和语段构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。

＂就是这个道理。

分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。

语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。

考研英语一新题型：信息匹配题（2）

考研英语一新题型：信息匹配题（2）A. The consequence of losing bonesB. A better lab than on earthC. Two different casesD. Multiple effects form weightlessnessE. How to overcome weightlessnessF. Factors that are not so sureDuring weightlessness, the forces within the body undergo dramatic change. Because the spine is no longer compressed, people grow taller. The lungs, heart and other organs within the chest have no weight, and as a result, the rib cage and chest relax and expand. Similarly, the weights of the liver, kidneys, stomach and bowels disappear. One astronaut said after his flight: “You feel your guts floating up. I found myself tightening my belly, sort of pushing things back。

”41.Meanwhile muscles and bones come to be used in different ways. Our muscles are designed to support us when stand or sit upright and to move body parts. But in space, muscles used for support on the ground are no longer needed for that purpose; moreover, the muscles used for movement around a capsule differ from those used for walking down a hall. Consequently, some muscles rapidly weaken. This doesn’t present a problem to space travelers as long as they perform only light work. But preventing the loss of muscle tissue required for heavy work during space walks and preserving muscle for safe return to Earth are the subject of many current experiments。

英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析(一)

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM OF CISISUMODEL TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS （1）-GRADE EIGHT-PART II READING COMPREHENSION[45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEFrom the Chrysler Corporation to the Central Intelligence Agency, cultural diversity programs are flourishing in American organizations today. Firms can no longer safely assume that every employee walking in the door has similar beliefs or expectations. Whereas North American white males may believe in challenging authority, Asians tend to respect and defer to it. In Hispanic cultures, people often bring music, food, and family members to work, a custom that . businesses have traditionally not allowed. A job applicant who won't make eye contact during an interview may be rejected for being unapproachable, when according to her culture, she was just being polite.As a larger number of women, minorities, and immigrants enter the . work force, the workplace is growing more diverse. It is estimated that by 2008 women will make up about 48 percent of the . work force, and African Americans and Hispanics will each account for about 11 percent; by the year 2050, minorities will make up over 50 percent of the American population.Cultural diversity refers to the differences among people in a work force due to race, ethnicity, and gender. Increasing cultural diversity is forcing managers to learn to supervise and motivate people with a broader range of values systems. According to a recent survey by the American Management Association, half of all . employers have established some kind of formal initiative to promote and manage cultural diversity. Although demographics isn't the only reason for the growth of theseprograms, it is a compelling one. An increasing number of organizations have come to believe that diversity, like quality and customer service, is a competitive edge. A more diverse work force provides a wider range of ideas and perspectives and fosters creativity and innovation. Avenues for encouraging diversity include recruiting at historically black colleges and universities, training and development, mentoring, and revamped promotion review policies. To get out the message about their commitment to diversity, many organizations establish diversity councils made up of employees, managers and executives.Although many Fortune 500 companies are making diversity part of their strategic planning process, some programs stand out from the crowd.At Texas Instruments, strategies for enhancing diversity include an aggressive recruiting plan, diversity training, mentoring, and an incentive compensation program that rewards managers for fostering diversity. Each business unit has a diversity manager who implements these strategies and works closely with the company's Diversity Network. The network provides a forum of employees to share ideas, solicit support, and build coalitions.Convinced that strengthening diversity is a business imperative, Du Pont has established several programs to achieve that goal. In addition to training workshops and mentoring, Du Pont has established over 100 multicultural networks through which employees share work and life experiences and strive to help women and minorities reach higher levels of leadership and responsibility within the organization. Over half of Du Pont's new hires for professional and managerial positions are minorities and women.Disney World's director of diversity wants theme park guests to see themselves reflected in the diversity of Disney's employees. Working to attract diverse employees, Disney hopes to convince them that the organization understands, respects, and values who they are. By holding a variety of diversity celebrations every year—including Dr. Martin Luther King's Birthday, Asian-Pacific Heritage Month, Hispanic Heritage Month, Disability Awareness Month, and Native American Heritage Month—Disney opens the door to this kind of understanding.What do we learn from strong, successful diversity program such as these, as well as similar programs at Microsoft, Xerox, Procter & Gamble and Digital Equipment Corporation First, they can go a long way toward eliminating prejudice in the workplace and removing barriers to advancement. Second, to be more than just the latest corporate buzzword, diversity programs require commitment from the top and a culture that supports an inclusive environment.of the following is NOT mentioned as cultural diversity in the passageA. Asian people tend to show submissiveness to their seniors.B. Spanish-speaking people enjoy gathering with their family members.C. African people try to avoid eye contact to show their respect.D. Americans might be innovators defying the experts in some fields.a company to be successful in business, it should do all of the following EXCEPT to_________A. set up a division to supervise its employees.B. provide its clients with good services.C. guarantee the products it has produced.D. take in employees with different cultural background.can be inferred from the last paragraph that diversity programs____________A. have been put into practice by dozens of big corporations.B. may provide the minorities with more chances.C. make no demand of managers.D. have an effect on employees' motivation.PASSAGE TWOMany thoughtful parents want to shield their children from feelings of guilt or shame in much the same way that they want to spare them from fear. Guilt and shame as methods of discipline are to be eschewed along with raised hands and leather straps. Fear, guilt and shame as methods of moral instruction are seen as failures in decent parenting. Parents want their children to be happy and how can you feel happy when you arefeeling guilty, fearful or ashamed If we were really convinced that using fear, guilt or shame as methods of discipline worked, though, we might be more ready to use them as techniques. But we aren't convinced that this is the case. We won't have more socially responsible people if fear, guilt and shame are part of their disciplinary diet as children. Instead, we will simply have unhappy people. Responsible behavior has nothing to do with the traditional methods of raising moral children.This doesn't mean that guilt isn't an important feeling. It is. Guilt helps keep people on the right moral track. But guilt is a derivative emotion, one that follows from having violated an internalized moral standard. This is far different than making someone feel guilty in order to create the standard in the first instance.My wife once edited a magazine about hunger. A view held by many associated with the sponsoring organization claimed: You can't get people to give money to starving children by making them feel guilty. So the magazine didn't show pictures of starving children, children with doleful eyes. Instead, there were photos of women in the fields, portraits of peasant farmers and pictures of political organizers. But the publishers weren't completely right about believing that guilt-inducing pictures don't lead to moral action. In fact, it was the graphic pictures of starving children in Somalia that called the world's attention to the dire situationthere. The power of television is that it does bring images of others' tragedies directly into our home. No rational analysis can do the same. When we are moved to pity, we should also be moved to action.If we don't do anything, then we feel guilty. We become part of the problem we see and feel guilty for letting bad things happen to people. How can I, good person that I am, let this continue What have pricked the conscience here are guilty feelings.Guilty feelings arise when we have violated a moral norm that we accept as valid. A person who feels guilty, notes philosopher Herbert Morris, is one who has internalized norms and, as such, is committed to avoiding wrong. The mere fact that the wrong is believed to have occurred, regardless of who bears responsibility for it, naturally causes distress. When we are attached to a person, injury to that person causes us pain regardless of who or what has occasioned the injury. We needn't believe that we had control over hurting (or not helping) another person in order to feel guilty.Psychologists Nico Frijda and Batja Mesquita of the University of Amsterdam find that people feel guilty about having harmed someone even when it was accidental. Nearly half the people they interviewed felt guilty for having caused unintended harm, such as hurting one's mother when leaving home to marry.Unintentional harm may lead to as strong guilty feelings as intentional harm. In other words, being careless is as much a source of guilt as intentional harm. We say, If only I had been more careful, If only I had paid more attention, If only I were a better driver. The fact that a court may not even bring charges against you in the first place may help to assuage some of the pain but it doesn't remove all the feelings of guilt.The feeling is useful in so far as it makes us more cautious, makes us better drivers or moves us to socially responsible action. The sociopath never experiences such feelings and therefore poses a danger to society; the neurotic experiences so much of it that he can't function normally in society.Feeling guilty for harm you have caused when you aren't responsible is possible because there is a more generalized readiness to accept responsibility for your actions. Guilt arises when we think we have had choices and then have made the wrong moral choice. Guilt and responsibility appear to go together. If we do harm and feel no guilty, then we don't believe we are responsible for what we've done. This means that we see ourselves as victims—of circumstances, of coercion, of ignorance and so forth.Remember that people who think of themselves as victims do so becausethey believe they have no control over events in their lives. They don't feel responsible and therefore don't feel guilty either. Several tactics can be used in disavowing responsibility: following the crowd, it is someone else's problem, it was done under coercion.None of us is perfect and that we live in an imperfect world. This means that we can't avoid hurting others. If we accept this, then we have to accept guilty feelings as a consequence of being moral people.4. Which of the following statements about guilt might the writer agree withA. Guilt is used as a method to discipline children.B. To set up a moral standard, you should feel guilty.C. Guilt is a feeling that comes with breaking some moral standard.D. The feeling of guilt often goes together with shame and fear.5. The publishers of the magazine mentioned in the third paragraph thinkA. guilt-inducing photos can bring on moral action.B. it's not sure whether guilt-inducing photos bring on moral action.C. guilt-inducing photos partially help bring on moral action.D. moral action has nothing to do with guilt-inducing photos.6. People will feel painful when a person_____ is hurt no matter what causes the injury.A. they knowB. they loveC. they hateD. they value7. The writer mentions_____ as a pair to indicate that people should have moderate feelings of guilt.A. eccentric people and fashionable peopleB. overanxious people and less sociable peopleC. sociable people and healthy peopleD. reserved people and radical people8. Which of the following is NOT an excuse some people make for denying their responsibilityA. They went with the stream.B. They were misled by others.C. They were forced to do it.D. Other people should bear the blame.PASSAGE THREEHigh, high above the North Pole, on the first day of 1969, two professors of English literature approached each other at a combinedvelocity of 1,200 miles’ hour. They were protected from the thin, cold air by the pressurized cabins of two Boeing 707s, and from the risk of collision by the prudent arrangement of the international air corridors. Although they had never met, the two men were known to each other by name. They were, in fact, in process of exchanging posts for the next six months, and in an age of more leisurely transportation the intersection of their respective routes might have been marked by some interesting human gesture: had they waved, for example, from the decks of two ocean liners crossing in mid-Atlantic, each man simultaneously focusing a telescope, by chance, on the other, with his free hand; or, more plausibly, a little mime of mutual appraisal might have been played out through the windows of two railway compartments halted side by side at the same station somewhere in Hampshire or the Mid-West, the more self-conscious party relieved to feel himself, at last, moving off, only to discover that it is the other man's train that is moving first...However, it was not to be. Since the two men were in airplanes, and one was bored and the other frightened of looking out of the window; since, in any ease, the planes were too distant from each other to be mutually visible with the naked eye, the crossing of their paths at the still point of the turning world passed unremarked by anyone other than the narrator of this duplex chronicle.“Duplex” as well as having the general meaning of two-fold applies in the jargon of electrical telegraphy to systems in which messages aresent simultaneously in opposite directions. Imagine, if you will, that each of these two professors of English Literature is connected to his native land, place of employment and domestic hearth by an infinitely elastic cord of emotions, attitudes and values: a cord which stretches and stretches almost to the point of invisibility, but never quite to breaking-point, as he hurtles through the air at 600 miles per hour. Imagine t hat when the two men alight in each other’s' territory, and go about their business and pleasure, whatever vibrations are passed back by one to his native habitat will be felt by the other, and vice versa, and thus return to the transmitter subtly modified by the response of the other party; may, indeed, return to him along the other party's cord of communication, which is, after all anchored in the place where he has just arrived.One of these differences we can take in at a glance from our privileged narrative altitude (higher than that of any jet).It is obvious, from his stiff, upright posture, and fulsome gratitude to the stewardess serving him a glass of orange juice, that Philip Swallow, flying westward, is unaccustomed to air travel; while to Morris Zapp, slouched in the seat of his eastbound aircraft, chewing a dead cigar (a hostess has made him extinguish it) and glowering at the meager portion of ice dissolving in his plastic tumbler of bourbon, the experience of long-distance air travel is tediously familiar. Philip Swallow has, in fact, flown before; but soseldom, and at such long intervals9that on each occasion he suffers the same trauma, an alternating current of fear and re-assurance that charges and relaxes his system in a persistent and exhausting rhythm.While he is on the ground, preparing for his journey, he thinks of flying with exhilaration: soaring up, up and away into the blue sky, cradled in aircraft that seem, from a distance, effortlessly at home in that element, as though sculpted from the sky itself. This confidence begins to fade a little when he arrives at the airport and winces at the shrill screaming of jet engines. In the sky the planes look very small. On the runways they look very big. Therefore, close up they should look even bigger but in fact they don't. His own plane, for instance, just outside the window of the assembly lounge, doesn't look quite big enough for all the people who are going to get into it. This impression is confirmed when he passes through the tunnel into the cabin of the aircraft, a cramped tube full of writhing limbs. But when he, and the other passengers, are seated, well-being returns. The seats are 80 remarkably comfortable that one feels quite content to stay put, but it is reassuring that the aisle is free should one wish to walk up it. There is soothing music playing. The lighting is restful. A stewardess offers him the morning paper. His baggage is safely stowed away in the plane somewhere, or if it is not, that isn't his fault, which is the main thing. Flying is, after all, the only way to travel.9. When the writer talks about two ships and two trains, in fact he is_________A. recalling his past experience.B. expressing his regret over his past time.C. imagining what might have happened in the past.D. reminding the reader that we owe our convenience to them.10. According to the passage, _____connects the two professors with their motherlands.A. a springy rope invisible feeling C. a series of eventsD. telecommunication11. The w ord “fulsome” in the third paragraph probably means_________A. polite.B. superfluous.C. insincere.D. euphemistic. PASSAGE FOUROur next task is to consider the policies and principles a ruler ought to follow in dealing with his subjects or with his friends. Since I know many people have written on this subject, I am concerned it may be thought presumptuous for me to write on it as well, especially since what I have to say, as regards this question in particular, will differ greatly from the recommendations of others. But my hope is to write a book that willbe useful, at least to those who read it intelligently, and so I thought it sensible to go straight to a discussion of how things are in real life and not waste time with a discussion of an imaginary world. For many authors have constructed imaginary republics and principalities that have never existed in practice and never could; for the gap between how people actually behave and how they ought to behave is so great that anyone who ignores everyday reality in order to live up to an ideal will soon discover he has been taught how to destroy himself, not how to preserve himself. For anyone who wants to act the part of a good man in all circumstances will bring about his own ruin, for those he has to deal with will not all be good. So it is necessary for a ruler, if he wants to hold on to Power, to learn how not to be good, and to know when it is and when it is not necessary to use this knowledge.Let us leave to one side, then all discussion of imaginary rulers and talk about practical realities. I maintain that all men, when people talk about them, and especially rulers, because they hold positions of authority, are described in terms of qualities that are inextricably linked to censure or to praise. So one man is described as generous, another as a miser; one is called open-handed, another tight-fisted; one man is cruel, another gentle; one untrustworthy9another reliable; one effeminate and cowardly, another bold and violent; one sympathetic, another self-important; one promiscuous, another monogamous; one straightforward,another duplicitous; one tough, another easy-going; one serious, another cheerful; one religious, another atheistically; and so on.Now I know everyone will agree that if a ruler could have all the good qualities I have listed and none of the bad ones, then this would be an excellent state of affairs. But one cannot have all the good qualities, nor always act in a praiseworthy fashion, for we do not live in an ideal world. You have to be canny enough to avoid being thought to have those evil qualities that would make it impossible for you to retain power; as for those that are compatible with holding on to power, you should avoid them if you can; but if you cannot, then you should not worry too much if people say you have them. Above all, do not be upset if you are supposed to have those vices a ruler needs if he is going to stay securely in power, for, if you think about it, you will realize there are some ways of behaving that are supposed to be virtuous, but would lead to your downfall, and others that are supposed to be wicked，but will lead to your welfare and peace of mind.12. The word “presumptuous” in the first paragraph probably means__________A. showing dishonesty.B. showing rebellion.C. showing submission.D. showing disrespect.13. If a ruler follows other authors' suggestion, he mightA. try his best to be a good egg all the time.B. understand the importance of an authoritative statement.C. try to gain great fame and high prestige.D. know when to be kind and when to be cruel.14. In the book, the author's discussion most likely focuses onA. presenting a real world to his readers.B. describing an ideal society to his readers.C. explaining how to construct a perfect system.D.illustrating what a wise ruler should do.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE15. Why does the author mention Du Pont’s diversity programs in the sixth paragraphPASSAGE TWO16. What does the word “assuage” in the seventh paragraph mean PASSAGE THREE17. Why did the two professors of English literature take their flights18. What does “the same trauma” refer to in the third paragraph19. When does Philip Swallow feel comfortablePASSAGE FOUR20. What is the generally accepted state of highest perfection for a ruler21. What does a ruler need if he wants to secure the power in his own hands22. What would be a suitable title for the passage参考答案及解析1参考答案：C细节题。