全国高等学校德语专业八级考试样题集听力原文
2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview über die Untersuchung von Herrn Levermann in Bezug auf den Klimawandel. Entscheiden Sie beim Hören, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)Sie hören das Interview jetzt ein zweites Mal. Überprüfen Sie dabei Ihre Antworten.【答案与解析】1.R 录音中提到“Wir kön nen mittlerweile einfach keine Zweifel mehr haben. DerMensch ist einfach die Ursache dieses Klimawandels.”意为：我们不需要再怀疑了，就是人类导致了气候变化，故本题正确。
2.F 录音中提到“dass wir zwischen einem halben Meter und einem MeterMeeresspiegelanstieg erwarten.”意为：预计海平面还会上升半米到一米，这是对未来海平面变化的预测，故本题“根据最新报道海平面已经上升了0.5至1米”错误。
3.F 录音中提到“...seit die Regierung der Malediven...eine Kabinettssitzung unterWasser abgehalten hat.”意为：马尔代夫政府曾在水下开会，故本题“在岛上开会”错误。
2013年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview über die Untersuchung von Herrn Mentzel in Bezug auf die Alltagslüge. Entscheiden Sie beim Hören, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F =Falsch) (2P×10=20P)Sie hören das Interview jetzt ein zweites Mal. Überprüfen Sie dabei Ihre Antworten.【答案与解析】1.F 录音中提到“Männer lügen öfter als Frauen.”意为：男性比女性更经常撒谎，故本题错误。
2.F 录音中提到“Zum Beispiel haben Frauen heute kaum noch Probleme damit, ihrwirkliches Alter zu nennen”意为：现在的女性并不介意说出自己的真实年龄，故本题错误。
3.R 录音中提到“...Wunschvorstellungen, was den künftigen Beruf anbetrifft,gehören zu den häufigsten Selbstlügen jüngerer Frauen”意为：对未来职业的一厢情愿是年轻女性最常见的自我欺骗之一，故本题“年轻女性会欺骗自己来逃避现实”正确。
4.F 录音中提到“Nur ein Viertel aller Ehefrauen, die von ihren Männernnachweislich betrogen wurden, geben die Untreue ihrer Gatten zu”意为：只有四分之一的结婚女性会承认丈夫的不忠，故本题错误。
2017年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2017年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1: Sie hören ein Interview mit dem Berliner Bildungsforscher Klaus Hurrelmann ins gesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie bitte beim Hören, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch). (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.R 录音中提到“Kinder von Akademikern gehen viel selbstverständlicher aufHochschulen und Universitäten als der Nachwuchs v on Arbeitern und kleinen Angestellten.”意为：相比于工人和小员工家庭的子女，出身于学术家庭的孩子们毫无疑问更可能进入高等学校和大学学习。
故本题正确。
2.F 录音中提到“Noch eine erschreckende Zahl...Fast zwei Millionen jungeErwachsene in Deutschland haben keine Berufsausbildung.”意为：还有一个可怕的数字——在德国有将近200万年轻人没有接受过职业培训。
后文提到“Da spiegelt sich noch in dieser Zahl die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise mit Höhepunkt 2007/ 2008.”意为：这反映了金融和经济危机在2007年到2008年达到了顶峰。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Effective Note-taking Good morning, everyone! Today I’d like to continue our series of talks about study skills in university. This morning I’m going to discuss how to take notes effectively. [1]As we all know, note-taking is difficult since spoken language is more diffuse than written language and its organization is not immediately apparent. In addition, spoken language is quickly gone, which makes analysis difficult. So it can be seen that to achieve such a complex task as note-taking, a high level of ability in many separate skills is required. Now let’s discuss these skills in details. Before taking notes, prepare yourself mentally. [2]Be sure of your purpose and the speaker’s purpose. Review your notes and other background material if available because increased knowledge results in increased interest. Besides, a clear sense of purpose on your part will make the speaker’s content more relevant. Be ready to understand and remember. Anticipate what is to come, and later evaluate how well you were able to do this. While taking notes, the student has to understand what the lecturer says as he says it. The student cannot stop the lecture in order to look up a new word or check an unfamiliar sentence pattern. This puts the non-native speaker of English under a particularly severe strain. Often he may not be able to recognize words in speech which he understands straightaway in print. He’ll also meet words in a lecture which are completely new to him. [3]While he should, of course, try to develop the ability to infer their meanings from the context, he won’t always be able to do this successfully. He must not allow failure of this kind to discourage him, however. It is often possible to understand much of a lecture by concentrating solely on those points which are most important. But how does the student decide what is important? It is, in fact, the second skill I want to talk about today. [4]Probably the most important piece of information in a lecture is the title itself. If this is printed beforehand, the student should study it carefully and make sure he is in no doubt about its meaning. Whatever happens he should make sure that he writes it down accurately and completely.A title often implies many of the major points that will later be covered in the lecture itself. [5]Be alert to the speaker’s emphasis through tone, gesture, repetition and illustration on the board. A good lecturer, of course, often signals what is important orunimportant. He may give direct signals or indirect signals. Many lecturers, for example, explicitly tell their audience that a point is important and that the student should write it down. It is worth remembering that most lecturers also give indirect signals to indicate what is important. [6]They either pause or speak slowly or speak loudly or use a greater range of intonation, or they employ a combination of these devices, when they say something important. Conversely, their sentences are delivered quickly, softly, within a narrow range of intonation and with short or infrequent pauses when they are saying something which is incidental. It is, of course, helpful for the student to be aware of this and for him to focus his attention accordingly. Having sorted out the main points, however, the student still has to write them down. And he has to do this quickly and clearly. [7]In order to write at speed, try to develop a suitable system of mechanics: jot down words or phrases, not entire sentences; develop some system of shorthand and be consistent in its use; leave out small service words; use contractions, abbreviations and symbols. Most students find it helpful to abbreviate. [8]They also try to select only those words which give maximum information. These are usually nouns, but sometimes verbs or adjectives. Writing only one point on each line also helps the student to understand his notes when he comes to read them later. An important difficulty is, of course, finding time to write the notes. If a student chooses the wrong moment to write, he may miss a point of greater importance. Connecting words or connectives may guide him to a correct choice here. [9]Those connectives which indicate that the argument is proceeding in the same direction also tell the listener that it is a safe time to write. “Moreover”, “furthermore”, “also”, etc., are examples of this. Connectives such as “however”, “on the other hand”or “nevertheless”usually mean that new and perhaps unexpected information is going to follow. Therefore, it may, on these occasions, be more appropriate to listen. After taking notes, review and reword them as soon as possible. Don’t just recopy or type without thought. Reminiscing may provide forgotten material later. Rewrite incomplete parts in greater detail. Fill in gaps as you remember points heard but not recorded. [10]Arrange with another student to compare notes. Sharpen your note-taking technique by looking at other students’notes. How are they better than your own? How are your notes superior? Compare the information in your notes with your own experience. Don’t swallow everything uncritically. Don’t reject what seems strange or incorrect. Check it out. Be willing to hold some seeming inconsistencies in your mind over a period of time. Make meaningful associations. Memorize that which must be memorized. OK. In today’s lecture, we’ve discussed several skills that can help one in taking notes effectively. In our next lecture, we’ll explore how to read effectively.Effective Note-taking The difficulty of taking notes: Note-taking requires a high level of ability due to the 【B1】______ of spoken language. 【B1】______ I. Before taking notes: A. Be sure of the 【B2】______ of yours and the speaker’s. 【B2】______ B. Review relevant background materials if available. II. While taking notes: A. Understand the new words by 【B3】______ the meanings from the context. 【B3】______ B. Study carefully the 【B4】______, which usually implies 【B4】______ the most important information C. Catch thespeaker’s 【B5】______ through tone, gesture, repetition and 【B5】______ illustration on the board. D. Pay attention to the speaker’s indirect signals to indicate what is important, like changes in speed, volume or 【B6】______. 【B6】______ E. While writing down the main points, develop a system of mechanics: jotting down words or phrases; using shorthand, abbreviations and symbols; leaving out 【B7】______ words. 【B7】______ F. While selecting words to write down, pick those having the 【B8】______ 【B8】______ information, like nouns, verbs or adjectives, and those indicating the proceeding direction of the lecture, like 【B9】______. 【B9】______ III. After taking notes: A. Review and reword them as soon as possible. B. 【B10】______ notes with others to learn from them. 【B10】______1．【B1】正确答案：diffusion 涉及知识点：听力讲座2．【B2】正确答案：purpose(s) 涉及知识点：听力讲座3．【B3】正确答案：inferring 涉及知识点：听力讲座4．【B4】正确答案：title 涉及知识点：听力讲座5．【B5】正确答案：emphasis 涉及知识点：听力讲座6．【B6】正确答案：intonation 涉及知识点：听力讲座7．【B7】正确答案：small service 涉及知识点：听力讲座8．【B8】正确答案：maximum 涉及知识点：听力讲座9．【B9】正确答案：connectives // connecting words 涉及知识点：听力讲座10．【B10】正确答案：Compare 涉及知识点：听力讲座听力原文：The Skills Required to Get a Job Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I will talk about the skills required to get a good job. Well, it is true that now competition for employment is more so than ever. So it begs the obvious question, how do you stand out? There will be three main points I will be discussing. They are academic, personal management, and teamwork skills. I will give you examples of these skills, and reasons why these skills are important for you to get a job. First of all, academic skills. Academic skills are probably the most important skill you will need to get a job. It is one of the or the first thing an employer looks for in an employee. They are skills which give you the basic foundation to acquire, hold on to, and advance in a job, and to achieve the best results. Academic skills can be further divided into three sub-groups: communication, thinking, and learning skills. [1]Communication skills require you to understand and speak the languages in which business is conducted. You must be a good listener, and be able to understand things easily. One of the most important communicating skills should be reading. You should be able to comprehend and use written materials including things such as graphs, charts, and displays. One of the newest things we can add to communicating skills would be the Internet, since it is so widely used all around the world, [2]and hence you should have a good understanding of what it is and how to use it. Then, thinking skills. [3]Thinking critically and acting logically to evaluate situations will get you far in your job. Thinking skills consist of things such as solving mathematical problems, using new technology, instruments, tools, and information systems effectively. Some examples of these would be technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, and much more. After that, learning is very important for any job. For example, if your company gets some new software, you must be able to learn how to use it quickly and effectively after a few tutorials. You must continue doing this for the rest of your career. It is one thing that will always be useful in any situation, not just jobs. The second major job skill I want to discuss is management skills. [4]Personal management skill is the combination of attitudes, skills, and behaviors required to get, keep, and progress on a job and to achieve the best results. Personal management skills can be further divided into three sub-groups just as academic skills, which are positive attitudes and behaviors, responsibility, and adaptability. Positive attitudes and behaviors are also very important to keep a job. You must have good self-esteem and confidence in yourself. [5]You must be honest, have integrity, and personal ethics. You must show your employer you are happy at what you are doing and have positive attitudestoward learning, growth, and personal health. [6]Show energy and persistence to get the job done, these can help you to get promoted or a raise. Responsibility and adaptability are also essential. Responsibility is the ability to set goals and priorities in work and personal life. It is the ability to plan and manage time, money, and other resources to achieve goals, and accountability for actions taken. [7]While adaptability means having a positive attitude toward changes in your job, and recognition of respect for people’s diversity and individual differences. Creativity is also important. You must have the ability to identify and suggest new ideas to get the job done. Last but not least, I want to emphasize teamwork skills. [8]Employers now focus on employees’teamwork skills simply because teams can bring more talent, experience, knowledge and skill to the problem situation and teamwork can be more satisfying and morale boosting for people than working alone. There are two reasons. First, team recommendations are more likely to be carried out than recommendations by an individual because people are more willing to support an effort that they have helped to develop. Second, teams can react to a variety of problems that are beyond the technical competence of an individual, since teams can be composed of individuals cross department and division lines. Teamwork skills are those skills needed to work with others co-operatively on a job and to achieve the best results. You should show your employer you’re able to work with others, understand and contribute to the organization’s goals. Involve yourself in the group, make good decisions with others and support the outcomes. [9]Don’t be narrow-minded, listen to what others have to say and give your thoughts toward their comments. [10]Be a leader not a loner in the group. In conclusion, I would like to say that all these skills I have discussed are critical to getting and keeping a job and to achieve the best results possible for you. Of these skills though academic skills would be the most important skills you will learn, I think. So if you keep at these skills you will be happy with what you are doing unlike a lot of people who are forced to get jobs that they do not like. After you get a desirable job, here comes the second question on how to advance in the job you have already acquired. Of course this is the topic we shall discuss in the next lecture. Thank you for your attention.The Skills Required to Get a Job I. Academic skills: basic foundation 1. Communication skills —Understand and speak the languages in 【B1】______ 【B1】______ —Be a good listener —Read written materials —【B2】______ 【B2】______ 2. Thinking skills —Think 【B3】______ and act logically 【B3】______ e.g. technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, etc. 3. Learning skills e.g. learn to use some new software after a few tutorials II. Personal 【B4】______ skills: combination of attitudes, skills and behaviors 【B4】______ 1. Positive attitudes and behaviors —Have good self-esteem and confidence —Be honest, have integrity and 【B5】______ 【B5】______ —Have positive attitudes toward work, learning, etc. —Be energetic and 【B6】______ 【B6】______ 2. Responsibility —Set goals and priorities —Plan and manage time, money, etc. 3. Adaptability —Have a positive attitude toward 【B7】______ in the job 【B7】______ III. Teamwork skills: skills to work with others co-operatively 1. Importance of teamwork —Bring more resources to the problemsituation —Be more 【B8】______and morale boosting than individual work 【B8】______ 2. How to improve teamwork skills —Involved in the group —Be 【B9】______ and listen to others 【B9】______ —Be a leader rather than a(n) 【B10】______ 【B10】______11．【B1】正确答案：workplace 涉及知识点：听力讲座12．【B2】正确答案：Use the Internet 涉及知识点：听力讲座13．【B3】正确答案：critically 涉及知识点：听力讲座14．【B4】正确答案：management 涉及知识点：听力讲座15．【B5】正确答案：personal ethics 涉及知识点：听力讲座16．【B6】正确答案：persistent 涉及知识点：听力讲座17．【B7】正确答案：changes 涉及知识点：听力讲座18．【B8】正确答案：satisfying 涉及知识点：听力讲座19．【B9】正确答案：open-minded 涉及知识点：听力讲座20．【B10】正确答案：loner 涉及知识点：听力讲座。
2016年专8听力真题、答案及讲座原文
SECTION A MINI-LECTUREModels for Arguments Three models for arguments●the first model for arguing is called (1) _________;—arguments are treated as war—there is much winning and losing—it is a (2) __________ model for arguing●the second model for arguing is arguments as proofs:—(3) warranted __________—valid inferences and conclusions—no (4) __________ in the adversarial sense●the third model for arguing is (5) _________:—the audience is (6) __________ in the arguments —arguments must (7) __________ the audience Traits of the argument as war●very dominant: it can shape (8) _________●strong arguments are needed●negative effects include:—(9) _________ are emphasized—winning is the only purpose—this type of arguments prevent (10) _________—the worst thing is (11) _________●implication from arguments as war: (12) _________—e.g., one providing reasons and the other raising (13) _________ —the other one is finally persuadedSuggestions on new ways to (14) _________ of arguments●think of new kinds of arguments●change roles in arguments●(15) _________SECTION B INTERVIEWNow, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1.What is the topic of the interview?A. Maggie’s university life.B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.2.Which of the following indicates that they have the same study schedule?A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3.What do the mother and the daughter have in common as students?A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4.What is the biggest advantage of studying with Mom?A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5.What is the biggest disadvantage of studying with Mom?A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6.Why is parent and kid studying together a common case?A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7.What would Maggie’s mom like to be after college?A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8.How does Maggie’s mom feel about sitting in class after 30 years?A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.9.What is most challenging for Maggie’s mom?A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10.How does Maggie describe the process of thinking out one’s career path?A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.1.the dialectical modelmon and fixed3.premises4.opposition / arguing5.arguments as performances / the rhetorical model6.participatory / participating / the participant / taking part7.be tailored to / cater for8.how we argue / our actual conduct9.tactics / strategies10.negotiation and collaboration11.ther e’s no solution / progress12.learning with losing13.questions / counter-considerations / counter-arguments / objections /arguments in opposition14.achieve positive effects15.support oneself / yourselfC AD D BA C D C BGood morning, everyone. My name is David and I am good at arguing. So welcome to our introductory lecture on argumentation. Why do we want to argue? Why do we try to convince other people to believe things that they don’t want to believe? And is that even a nice thing to do? Is that a nice way to treat other human being, try and make them think something they don’t want to think? Well, my answer is going to make reference to three models for arguments.(1) The first model —let’s call this the dialectical model—is that we think of arguments as war. And you know what that’s like. There is a lot of screaming and shouting and winning and losing. (2) And that’s not really a very helpful model arguing, but it’s a pretty common and fixed one. I guess you must have seen that type of arguing many times —in the street, on the bus or in the subway.Let’s move on to the second model. The second model for arguing regards arguments as proofs. Think of a mathematician’s argument. Here’s my argument. Does it work? Is it any good? (3) Are the premises（前提）warranted? Are the inferences（推论）) valid? Does the conclusion follow the premises? (4) No opposition, no adversariality（对抗）—not necessarily any arguing in the adversarial sense.(5) And there’s a third model to keep in mind that I think is going to be very helpful, and that is arguments as performances, arguments as being in front of an audience. We can think of a politician trying to present a position, trying to convince the audience of something.But there’s another twist（转折）on this model that I really think is important; namely, that when we argue before an audience, (6)sometimes the audience has a more participatory role in the argument; that is, you present you arguments in front of an audience who are like juries（陪审团）that make a judgment and decide the case.(5) Let’s call this model the rhetorical model, (7) where you have to tailor（迎合）your argument to the audience at hand.Of those three, the argument as war is the dominant one. It dominates how we talk about arguments, it dominates how we think about arguments, and because of that, (8) it shapes how we argue, our actual right on target.We want to have our defenses up and our strategies all in order. We want killer arguments. That’s the kind of argument we want. It is the dominant way of thinking about arguments. When I’m talking about arguments, that’s probably what you thought of, the adversarial model.But the war metaphor, the war paradigm（范例）or model for thinking about arguments, has, I think, negative effects on how we argue. (9) First, it elevates tactics over substance. You can take a class in logic argumentation. You learn all about the strategies that people use to try and win arguments and that makes arguing adversarial; it’s polarizing（分化的）. And the only foreseeable outcomes are triumph —glorious triumph —or disgraceful（可耻的）defeat. I think those are very destructive effects, and worst of all, (10) it seems to prevent things like negotiation and collaboration（合作）. Um, I think the argument-as-war metaphor inhibits（阻止）those other kinds of resolutions to argumentation.(11) And finally —this is really the worst thing —arguments don’t seem toget us anywhere; they’re dead ends（死胡同）. We don’t anywhere. Oh, and one more thing. (12) That is, if argument is war, then there’s also an implicit（绝对的）aspect of meaning —learning with losing.And let me explain what I mean. Suppose you and I have an argument. You believe a proposition（命题）and I don’t. And I say, “Well, why do you believe that?”And you give me your reasons. And I object and say, “Well, what about…？” And I have a question: “Well, what do you mean? How does it apply over here?” And you answer my question. Now, suppose at the end of the day, I’ve objected, I’ve questioned, (13)I’ve raised all sorts of questions from an opposite perspective and in every case you’ve responded to my satisfaction. And so at the end of the day, I say, “You know what? I guess you’re right.” Maybe finally I lost my argument. But isn’t it also a process of learning? So you see arguments may also have positive effects.(14) So, how can we find new ways to achieve those positive effects? We need to think of new kinds of arguments. Here I have some suggestion. If we want to think of new kinds of argument, what we need to do is think of new kinds of arguers —people who argue.So try this: Think of all the roles that people play in arguments. (1) (5) There’s the proponent and the opponent in an adversarial, dialectical argument（对话式论证）. There’s the audience in rhetorical arguments.There’s the reasoner in arguments as proofs. All these different roles. Now, can you imagine an argument in which you are the arguer, but you’re also in the audience, watching yourself argue? Can you imagine yourself watching yourself argue? (15) That means you need to be supportedby yourself. Even when you lose the argument, still, at the end of the argument, you could say, “Wow, that was a good argument!” Can you do that? I think you can. In this way, you’ve been supported by yourself.Up till now, I have lost a lot of arguments. It really takes practice to become a good arguer, in the sense of being able to benefit from losing, but fortunately, I’ve had many, many colleagues who have been willing to step up and provide that practice for me.Ok. To sum up, in today’s lecture, I have introduced three models of arguments.(1) The first model is called the dialectical model. The second one is the model of arguments as proofs. (5) And the last one is called the rhetorical model, the model of arguments as performances. I have also emphasized that, though the adversarial type of arguments is quite common, we can still make arguments produce some positive effects. Next time I will continue our discussion on the process of arguing.。
2011年专8真题答案（含听力材料）
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)-GRADE EIGHT-2011年英语专业八级参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture1. and significance2. the context\ what is doing3. closeness to people4. body language5. polychronic6. in itself7. personal space8. monochrome9. lateness10. multicultural situationSECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 BDACB SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 ACBAD PART II Reading Comprehension11-15 ABCAB 16-20 ABACA 21-25 DDCCA 26-30 DBACBPART III General Knowledge 31-35BDABD 36-40 CACACPART VI Proofreading & Error Correction1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in 10. Therefore, 改成NeverthelessPart V Translation—Section A Chinese To EnglishBeing hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are“at ease”or“in a rush”.For example, we’re enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work—so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features—and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.Section B English to Chinese飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。
全国高等学校德语专业八级样题集听力原文
全国高等学校德语专业八级考试样题集上听力原文Texte zum HV 1Teil II: Texte für Nachrichten1.Gedenken an Befreiung der NS-KonzentrationslagerMit einer zentralen Gedenkfeier hat die Bundesrepublik an die Befreiung der Nazi-Konzentrationslager vor 60 Jahren erinnert. Bundeskanzler Schröder warnte im Deutschen Nationaltheater in Weimar davor, die Verbrechen des Nationalsozialismus zu vergessen. Die nachgeborenen Generationen würden nicht zulassen, dass Antisemitismus, Rassismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit wieder eine Chance bekämen. Der Präsident des Zentralrats der Juden in Deutschland, (Paul) Spiegel, warnte vor einem Wiedererstarken des Rechtsextremismus. Gemeinsam mit ehemaligen KZ-Häftlingen und Vertretern von Opferverbänden und Politik legte Schröder anschließend auf dem nahe gelegenen Gelände der KZ-Gedenkstätte Buchenwald einen Kranz nieder.2.Erinnerung an den Widerstandskämpfer Dietrich BonhoefferAn den Theologen und Widerstandskämpfer Dietrich Bonhoeffer hat die Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Bayern erinnert. Bonhoeffer war am 9. April 1945 von den Nazis im Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg ermordet worden. Bei einem Gottesdienst sagte Landesbischof Friedrich, die Kirche könne Bonhoeffers nicht gedenken, ohne zugleich das eigene Versagen zu bekennen.3.Engere Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und RusslandDeutschland und Russland wollen ihre wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit ausbauen. Das kündigten Bundeskanzler Schröder und Präsident Putin bei der Eröffnung der Hannover-Messe an. Russland ist in diesem Jahr Schwerpunkt der weltgrößten Industrieschau, an der mehr als 6.000 Aussteller aus 95 Ländern teilnehmen. Putin versprach weitere Gesetze zur Privatisierung und Liberalisierung seines Landes. Er forderte die deutschen Unternehmen auf, verstärkt in Russland zu investieren. Derzeit liege die Bundesrepublik bei den Investitionen im internationalen Vergleich nur auf Platz vier, so der russische Präsident weiter.4.Britische Regierung gibt MG Rover KreditDie unmittelbare Entlassung von 6.000 Beschäftigten beim insolventen britischen Autobauer MG Rover ist zunächst abgewendet. Die Regierung sagte dem Traditionsunternehmen einen Kredit über umgerechnet 9,5 Millionen Euro zu. Damit sollen die Löhne der Arbeiter und andere Ausgaben für eine Woche gedeckt sein. Der letzte große Fahrzeughersteller in Großbritannien hatte am Freitag mitgeteilt, er stehe kurz vor dem Aus. Neben den 6.000 Jobs im Hauptwerk Longbridge stehen auchTausende von Arbeitsplätzen bei Zulieferbetrieben auf dem Spiel.5.Israelische Polizei verhindert Proteste am TempelbergAus Furcht vor Zusammenstößen zwischen radikalen jüdischen Siedlern und Palästinensern hat die israelische Polizei mit einem Großaufgebot den Jerusalemer Tempelberg abgeriegelt. Tausende Polizisten sicherten den Juden und Moslems heiligen Tempelberg und die Altstadt ab, um eine angekündigte Kundgebung jüdischer Nationalisten gegen den Gaza-Rückzugsplan zu verhindern. Als einige Demonstranten versuchten, die Absperrungen zu durchbrechen, kam es zu Auseinandersetzungen mit der Polizei. Mehrere Personen wurden festgenommen. Die radikal-islamischen Palästinenser-Organisationen Hamas und Islamischer Dschihad drohten mit Gewalt, falls es den jüdischen Siedlern gelingen sollte, in den heiligen Bezirk vorzudringen.6.Tote bei neuen Gefechten in JemenDie jemenitische Armee hat, unterstützt von Anti-Terror-Einheiten, eine Hochburg der schiitischen Rebellen im Norden des Landes gestürmt. Dabei wurden nach Armeeangaben mindestens 27 Menschen getötet. Ärzte berichten, unter den Todesopfern seien 8 Soldaten der Regierungstruppen. Die Kämpfe mit Anhängern des Schiiten-Predigers (Badruddin) al-Huthi waren am 28. März in der Provinz Saada ausgebrochen.7.Talabani will US-Truppen noch zwei Jahre im Irak haltenTrotz der jüngsten Proteste gegen ausländische Soldaten im Irak sollen nach den Worten des neuen irakischen Präsidenten Talabani die US-Truppen noch zwei Jahre im Land bleiben. In dieser Zeit könne es geschafft werden, eine eigene Armee und Sicherheitskräfte aufzubauen, sagte Talabani dem US-Nachrichten-Sender CNN. Bis dahin sei der Irak darauf angewiesen, dass die von den USA geführten ausländischen Truppen sein Land vor Terroristen und Einmischung von außen schützen.8.Wieder Erdbeben vor der Küste SumatrasEin heftiges Erdbeben vor der Küste Sumatras hat Teile Indonesiens erschüttert, aber keine Flutwelle ausgelöst. Über größere Schäden oder Opfer ist nichts bekannt.9.Nürnberg besiegt Rostock 3 : 0In der Bundesliga spielten am Sonntag Nürnberg – Rostock 3:0 und Bielefeld – Kaiserslautern 0:2.10.Das Wetter in Deutschland: Freundlicher und wieder wärmerFast überall bleibt es trocken mit einem Wechsel aus Sonne und Wolken. Höchstens zwischen 11 und 17 Grad.Soweit die Meldungen.Texte zum HV 2Teil I: Eine Radiosendung …Wirtschaft aktuell“ (etwa 730 Wörter)Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer!Hier ist der Bayerische Rundfunk mit seinem Magazin …Wirtschaft aktuell“. Im ersten Teil unserer heutigen Sendung beschäftigen wir uns mit dem Weihnachtsgeschäft in München. Zum ersten Mal wurden dieses Jahr keine Kaufrekorde mehr verzeichnet. Sparen die Kunden nun wirklich bei den Weihnachtsgeschenken, oder sind dies doch die Auswirkungen der gegenwärtigen Rezession? Wir haben Beschäftigte im Einzelhandel dazu gefragt.Frau Huber, Sie sind Verkäuferin in einem Kaufhaus. Wie war denn der Weihnachtsverkauf bei Ihnen?Schwer zu sagen! Sicher will niemand ganz auf Weihnachtsgeschenke verzichten, aber man kann doch beobachten, dass die Kunden bei der Auswahl der verschiedenen Artikel kritischer geworden sind. Sie achten jetzt mehr darauf, ob das Gekaufte auch nützlich ist. Früher wurde schon eher mal etwas rein Dekoratives gekauft, eine Blumenvase für die Mutter oder ein Kerzenständer für den Bruder. Heute liegen stattdessen eher ein Paar warme Socken oder eine qualitativ hochwertige Ski- unterwäsche unter dem Christbaum. Eigentlich ist das ja gut so, dass der Kunde beim Einkauf mehr überlegt, weil es dann später bei weitem nicht mehr so viele Umtausch-Aktionen gibt wie in den früheren Jahren.Vielen Dank, Frau Huber. Fragen wir doch einmal Ihren Chef, Herrn Ebert, den Filialleiter, wie er das Weihnachtsgeschäft einschätzt!Wissen Sie, eigentlich hatten wir in unserer Branche gehofft, die schlechten Umsätze, die wir im letzten Jahr gemacht haben, durch das Weihnachtsgeschäft wieder gutmachen zu können. Aber die ohnehin schon verminderte Kauflust ließ sich nicht verbessern. Sicher hat dabei die allgemeine wirtschaftliche Lage, vor allem die teilweise Kürzung des Weihnachtsgeldes, eine Rolle gespielt. Wir haben zwar Spielwaren und Sportartikel nach wie vor gut verkaufen können, aber bei den Elektroartikeln, insbesondere bei Fernsehgeräten und Stereoanlagen, gab es Umsatzrückgänge. Auf jeden Fall hat sich das Klima in unserer Branche verschärft. Doch das ist für den Kunden ja ein V orteil, er ist wieder der König! Für uns heißt das allerdings, dass um jeden Kunden wieder gekämpft wird. Wenn jemand unser Kaufhaus verlässt, ohne etwas gekauft zu haben, dann hat das schon negative Konsequenzen für das Personal.Wie steht’s nun mit dem Weihnachtsessen? Herr Ferstel ist Geschäftsführer eines Feinkostgeschäfts und kann uns sicher Auskunft darüber geben.Also, in unserem Delikatessenladen, da war die augenblickliche Rezession ganz schön zu spüren, immerhin hatten wir einen Umsatzrückgang von fast 3 Prozent. V or allem teurere Spirituosen wie Champagner verkaufen sich nicht mehr so gut. Die Leute schenken momentan lieber Wein, weil der eben billiger ist. Die Kunden verzichten zwar nicht ganz auf Luxusartikel, denn es ist halt an Weihnachten Tradition, dass etwas Besonderes auf den Tisch kommt, aber exklusive Artikel wie Kaviar oder Lachspastete wurden mengenmäßig weit weniger gekauft als voriges Jahr.Schmuck war schon immer ein beliebtes Weihnachtsgeschenk. Frau Neumaier, Sie betreiben ein Schmuckgeschäft in der Innenstadt. Wie ist die Marktlage bei Ihnen?Zum Glück hat sich die Rezession auf uns noch nicht ausgewirkt. Ganz im Gegensatz zu den Statistiken des übrigen Einzelhandels, die ja eine weitgehend rückläufige Tendenz aufweisen, ist das Interesse an Uhren und Schmuck als Geschenkartikel größer denn je. Über Umsatzeinbußen wie bei anderen Branchen können wir uns wirklich nicht beklagen, das Gegenteil ist der Fall: es gibt einen ausgesprochenen Trend zu hochwertigen Schmuckstücken. Die Devise lautet …Klein aber fein“. Ein neuer Trend z.B. ist, dass wir immer öfter Anfragen von Männern bekommen, ob wir ihnen nicht die Brillantringe, die sie ihren Damen schenken wollen, in Spezialkugeln verpacken könnten. Die sollen dann für alle sichtbar am Weihnachtsbaum aufgehängt werden.Herr Becker, können Sie uns zum Abschluss aus der Sicht des Deutschen Einzelhandelsverbandes eine Gesamteinschätzung geben?Natürlich sind für uns die Umsatzeinbußen in diesem Jahr keine Überraschung! Wir haben nämlich das Problem kommen sehen und gewusst, dass es heuer nicht mehr so laut in den Kassen klingelt. Während normalerweise das V orweihnachtsgeschäft etwa 5 Prozent des Jahresumsatzes beträgt, kamen wir dieses Jahr nur auf einen Anteil von 3 Prozent. Der Grund ist, dass die Kunden auf das Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis achten. Trotzdem waren die Kaufhäuser an den verkaufsoffenen Samstagen genauso überfüllt wie eh und je, allerdings kommen die meisten Leute nur zum Schauen. Unsere Verkäuferinnen beobachten immer öfter, dass ein Kunde drei- bis viermal kommt, bevor er dann endlich den gewünschten Artikel kauft. Sicher hat das damit zu tun, dass man wieder mehr Wert auf Markenartikel legt, wie ja überhaupt das Qualitätsbewusstsein laufend zu wachsen scheint!Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer, dies war ein kurzes Schlaglicht auf die Situation im Weihnachtsgeschäft. Kommen wir nun zum nächsten Programmteil...Teil II: Nachrichten der Deutschen Welle1.Annan öffnet Ausweg aus politischer Krise in KeniaIn Kenia haben sich Regierung und Opposition auf einen Plan zur Beendigung der Gewalt geeinigt. Das sagte der frühere UN-Generalsekretär Annan in Nairobi. Der Plan umfasse kurz- und langfristige Maßnahmen. Zunächst gehe es um eine sofortige Beendigung der Gewalt, die Respektierung der Menschenrechte, eine Lösung der humanitären Krise des Landes und die Durchsetzung von Presse- und Meinungsfreiheit. Oppositionsführer Odinga wirft Staatschef Kibaki vor, die Präsidentenwahl Ende Dezember nur durch Betrug gewonnen zu haben.2.Schwere Kämpfe mit Rebellen im TschadIm Tschad ist es nach einer Offensive der Rebellen (auf N'Djamena) zu schwerenKämpfen in der Nähe der Hauptstadt gekommen. Sowohl die Regierungstruppen als auch die Rebellen reklamierten militärische Erfolge für sich. Unabhängige Berichteüber den Verlauf der Gefechte liegen nicht vor. Frankreich verstärkte seine Truppen inN'Djamena um rund 150 Mann auf 1.400 Soldaten. Die EU verschob wegen derKämpfe die Stationierung der ersten Soldaten ihrer Friedentruppe zum Schutz vonFlüchtlingen in der Grenzregion zum Sudan.3.Mindestens zwölf Tote bei Anschlag auf Bus in Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka sind bei einem Bombenanschlag auf einen Bus mindestens 20 Menschen ums Leben gekommen und 50 verletzt worden. Das teilte die Armee mit. Der Sprengkörper detonierte an einem Busbahnhof in Dambulla etwa 150 Kilometernördlich der Hauptstadt Colombo. Die Streitkräfte machten tamilische Rebellen für den Anschlag verantwortlich.A beharren auf geforderter TruppenverstärkungDie USA haben ihre Forderung an Deutschland bekräftigt, Kampftruppen in denSüden Afghanistans zu entsenden. Generalstabschef (Michael) Mullen betonte, die US-Militärs seien auf die Unterstützung der Verbündeten und damit auch der Bundesrepublik angewiesen. Zuvor hatten Kanzlerin Merkel und Verteidigungsminister Jung die in einem Brief formulierte Anforderung von Pentagonchef Gates nach einem Einsatz von Bundeswehrsoldaten im Süden strikt abgelehnt. Jung verwies auf die klare Aufgabenteilung zwischen den Nato-Partnern in Afghanistan. Für die Bundeswehr bleibe der Norden des Landes Einsatzschwerpunkt.Rückendeckung bekam die Bundesregierung von Nato-Generalsekretär (Jaap) de Hoop Scheffer. Er sei sehr zufrieden mit dem deutschen Beitrag in Afghanistan.A und Polen erzielen Annäherung bei Raketenabwehr-PlänenIn der Debatte über ihre Pläne für einen Raketenschild in Osteuropa sind die Vereinigten Staaten polnischen Forderungen entgegengekommen. Die USAunterstützten die von Polen angestrebte Modernisierung der Luftabwehr, sagte Außenministerin Rice nach einem Treffen mit ihrem polnischen Amtskollegen Sikorski in Washington. Die USA wollen zum Schutz vor Angriffen etwa aus dem Iran oder aus Nordkorea ein Raketenabwehrsystem in Polen und Tschechien stationieren. Polen fordert als Gegenleistung die Hilfe bei der Modernisierung der eigenen Luftabwehr.6.WestLB streicht etliche ArbeitsplätzeDie mit Milliarden-Verlusten kämpfende nordrhein-westfälische Landesbank WestLB steht vor einem massiven Arbeitsplatzabbau. Das Nachrichtenmagazin …Focus“ schreibt, 1.700 Mitarbeiter, fast ein Drittel aller Beschäftigten, müssten innerhalb eines Jahres den Düsseldorfer Konzern verlassen. Weiter heißt es, WestLB-Chef Alexander Stuhlmann werde am Donnerstag dem Aufsichtsrat einen entsprechenden Restrukturierungsplan zur Bestätigung vorlegen. Die Bank lehnte eine Stellungnahme zu dem Bericht ab.7.Bundespräsident fliegt nach UgandaBundespräsident (Horst) Köhler hat die Europäer zu einem stärkeren wirtschaftlichen Engagement in Afrika aufgerufen. Er wünsche sich mehr Unternehmen, die in diese Märkte investierten, sagte Köhler. Zugleich fordert er einen besseren Marktzugang für afrikanische Agrarprodukte in den Industrieländern und den Abbau von Zöllen für verarbeitete Produkte. Der Bundespräsident fliegt an diesem Samstag für mehrere Tage nach Uganda und Ruanda.Das waren die Nachrichten.Texte zum HV 3Teil I: Hörtext …Ich war beim Schönheitschirurgen“Fünf Personen berichten von Schönheitsoperationen, die sie haben durchführen lassen. (bearbeitet nach dem Hörtext im Kapitel 3 vom Barthel 1, Fabouda Verlag, 2006. Etwa 790 Wörter)Person 1Also, ich heiße Roswitha Laft und bin 34 Jahre alt: Ich habe (mir) vor einigen Tagen zum zweiten Mal Botox in die Stirn, zwischen die Augenbrauen und um die Augen herum spritzen lassen. Davor hatte ich viele Jahre lang vieles erfolglos gegen meine Falten ausprobiert, Cremes und sogar Akupunktur. Ich habe schon sehr früh Falten bekommen und sah deswegen immer viel älter aus, als ich tatsächlich bin. Außerdem habe ich so eine Grimmfalte zwischen den Augenbrauen. Ganz oft hat man zu mir gesagt: …Du guckst so ernst. Hast du schlechte Laune?“ Nach den Spritzen war das weg. Das hält ungefähr ein halbes Jahr. Schmerzen habe ich keine. Klar, ich kann nicht mehr so wie früher die Stirn bewegen, also die Stirn runzeln, weil die Muskeln nicht mehr funktionieren, aber das stört mich nicht. Mein Mann ist ganz begeistert und fragt mich immer, was für eine tolle Creme ich nehme. Ich verrate ihm nicht, was ich mache. Schließlich müssen die Männer ja nicht alles wissen.Person 2Ich heiße Franzi Dohlmann und bin 20 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir jetzt vor drei Wochen meine Nase operieren lassen, also gerade machen lassen. Ich hatte nämlich vor ein paar Monaten einen Fahrradunfall mit einem Nasenbruch. Das war zwar nicht so schlimm, aber die Nase ist doch ziemlich schief gewesen. Die Leute haben mich so komisch angeguckt, und auch mein Freund hat manchmal so merkwürdig gelächelt, wenn er mich ansah. Er hat das zwar abgestritten ... Na ja, jedenfalls habe ich mich in der Klinik beraten lassen. Die haben mich zu einem Schönheitschirurgen geschickt, der das gleich in seiner Praxis gemacht hat. V on der Operation habe ich nicht viel gemerkt. In den ersten 10, 12 Tagen kam mir mein Gesicht etwas fremd vor, es hat auch ein bisschen wehgetan. Aber jetzt … jetzt ist alles super. Ich bin froh, dass ich es gemacht habe.Person 3Ich heiße Herbert Lohmann und bin 47 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir im letzten Jahr das Gesicht verschönern lassen. Nachdem sich meine Frau von mir getrennt hatte, war mein Selbstwertgefühl weg. Ich konnte nicht mehr in den Spiegel schauen; mein Gesicht sah aus wie ein ungemachtes Bett. Ich bin dann zum Schönheitschirurgen gegangen. Der hat mir dann die Fettpolster unter den Augen weggenommen, das war das Wichtigste. Außerdem haben mich meine Augenlider gestört. Ich fand, ich sah auswie eine Eule. Der Arzt hat einen kleinen Streifen aus den Augenlidern herausoperiert, dadurch wurden sie straffer. Ja und dann habe ich mir durch Spritzen diese tiefen Denkerfalten in der Stirn wegspritzen lassen. Das geht mit, ich glaube, das heißt Botox. Also, ich habe mit diesen tiefen Furchen immer so ausgesehen wie der Joschka Fischer, der ja auch nicht mehr gucken kann, ohne dass sich sämtliche Probleme der Weltpolitik in seine Stirn eingraben. Man hat mir gesagt, das hält 6 Monate, danach brauche ich wieder ein paar Spritzen.Ich muss sagen, am Anfang war das ganz schön hart. Erstens haben meine Augen sehr wehgetan, ich hatte überall kleine blaue Flecke. Außerdem hatte ich wirklich das Gefühl, da starrt mich eine andere Person an, wenn ich in den Spiegel schaue. Und ich hatte auch das Gefühl, dass ich meine Mimik nicht mehr kontrollieren kann. Inzwischen hat sich das alles gelegt. Ich bin sehr zufrieden und froh, dass ich diese Investition von immerhin 5000 Euro gemacht habe. Ich bin auch wieder verheiratet. Person 4Mein Name ist Pamela Nadel, ich bin 18 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir Fettpolster an der Brust, an der Hüfte und an den Oberschenkeln absaugen lassen. Ich will nämlich Model werden. Und wenn du da an bestimmten Stellen auch nur ein paar Gramm zu viel hast, hast du keine Chance. Das muss alles genau passen 90-60-90! Ich habe es mit Diät probiert. Aber da kriegt man es nie so genau hin. Da nimmt man dann an Stellen ab, wo man es gar nicht will. Mit den Operationen klappt das sozusagen punktgenau. Das ist zwar ganz schön teuer, aber für mich ist das eine Investition in die Zukunft, in meinen Beruf.Person 5Ich heiße Christoph Kuminsky und bin 25 Jahre alt. Ich studiere Sport, mache Krafttraining und nehme auch Muskelaufbaupräparate. Pech ist, dass die Steroide enthalten, das sind Verwandte der weiblichen Geschlechtshormone. Die Folge ist, dass nicht nur die Muskeln, sondern auch die Brust wächst, was unmöglich aussieht. V oll unmännlich! Also habe ich mir die Brust absaugen lassen. Das funktioniert so: Zuerst wird in die Brust eine Flüssigkeit gespritzt, die die störenden Fettzellen auflockern. Dann wird mit ganz dünnen Kanülen das Fett abgesaugt, ich glaube, mit einer Vakuumpumpe. Das war’s dann. Man bekommt übrigens eine V ollnarkose. Gemerkt habe ich nichts. Das Ergebnis ist echt krass: Muskeln an den richtigen Stellen und die Brust wieder wie vorher. Wie sie eben sein muss.Teil II: Nachrichten (26.06.2008, 12:00 UTC Nachrichten der Deutschen Welle)mmert lobt Fairplay bei Deutschland-Türkei-EM-SpielBundestagspräsident Lammert hat die Haltung der deutschen und der türkischen Fußballnationalelf sowie der Fans beider Mannschaften bei der Halbfinalbegegnung am Mittwoch gelobt. Zum Auftakt einer Bundestagssitzung sagte er, alle hätten großen Kampfgeist und stetige Fairness bewiesen. Alle diejenigen, dieAusschreitungen befürchtet hätten, seien durch die tatsächlichen Ereignisse widerlegt worden. In deutschen Städten, in denen das Spiel auf Großleinwänden übertragen wurde, war es weitgehend ruhig geblieben. Allein in Berlin feierten mehr als eine halbe Million Menschen den Einzug der deutschen Nationalelf ins Finale. Das Endspiel findet am Sonntag in Wien statt. Der Gegner wird nach dem Spiel zwischen Russland und Spanien an diesem Donnerstag feststehen.2.G8-Außenminister beraten in JapanDie Krisenlage in Afghanistan und in Simbabwe stehen ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung von Beratungen der Außenminister aus den sieben größten westlichen Industriestaaten und Russland. Ihre Zusammenkunft im japanischen Kyoto dient der Vorbereitung des G8-Gipfeltreffens der Staats- und Regierungschefs in der ersten Juli-Woche. Weiteres wichtiges Gesprächsthema sind die international umstrittenen Atomprogramme in Nordkorea und im Iran. Es wird erwartet, dass die Führung in Pjöngjang eine seit langem geforderte Liste mit Einzelheiten zu ihren umstrittenen Atom-Aktivitäten vorlegt. Die USA hatten in Aussicht gestellt, im Gegenzug Schritte einzuleiten, um das kommunistische Nordkorea von einer Liste der Terrorismus-Unterstützer zu streichen.3.Grenze zum Gazastreifen weiter geschlossenIsrael hält den zweiten Tag in Folge alle Grenzübergänge zum Gazastreifen geschlossen. Das Verteidigungsministerium begründete dies mit dem Bruch der jüngst vereinbarten Waffenruhe durch militante Palästinenser. Gleichzeitig wurde eine erneute Öffnung für den morgigen Freitag in Aussicht gestellt. Mitglieder der militanten Palästinenserorganisation …Islamischer Heiliger Krieg“ hatten nach einem israelischen Militäreinsatz im Westjordanland am Dienstag drei Raketen auf die Grenzstadt Sderot abgefeuert. Ein Ende der monatelangen Blockade des Gazastreifens und Warenlieferungen sind Bestandteil der Waffenruhe zwischen Israel und den Palästinensern.4.UN: Afghanistan verdoppelt Opium-AnbauDie weltweite Produktion von Opium hat sich nach Informationen der Vereinten Nationen in letzter Zeit verdoppelt. Allein in Afghanistan sei der Anbau von etwa 4.000 Tonnen vor drei Jahren auf mittlerweile 8.200 gestiegen, heißt es im neuesten Welt-Drogenbericht. Auf das Land am Hindukusch entfielen mehr als 90 Prozent der globalen Produktion des Rauschgiftes, das unter anderem zu Heroin weiterverarbeitet wird. Der Schlafmohn wird nach UN-Erkenntnissen vor allem in den fünf südlichen Provinzen angebaut, den Hochburgen der radikal-islamischen Taliban. Diese erzielten mit einer zehnprozentigen Steuer auf die Erlöse der Bauern geschätzte jährliche Einnahmen von 100 Millionen US-Dollar.5.Feiern zum 60. Jahrestag der Berliner LuftbrückeDeutsche und Amerikaner haben gemeinsam der vor 60 Jahren gestarteten Luftbrücke nach West-Berlin gedacht. Auf dem US-Flughafen in Wiesbaden-Erbenheim und am Luftbrückendenkmal auf dem Frankfurter Rhein-Main-Flughafen erinnerten Redner an die …logistische Meisterleistung“ der West-Alliierten, mehr als zwei Millionen eingeschlossene Menschen über elf Monate nur aus der Luft zu versorgen. Nach dem Festakt wollen sieben ehemalige Piloten mit einer alten DC3, die umgangssprachlich Rosinenbomber genannt wurde, nach Berlin fliegen, wo weiter gefeiert wird. Die Sowjets hatten die von den Alliierten kontrollierten West-Sektoren Berlins im Juni 1948 blockiert. Bis August 1949 wurden über die Luftbrücke lebensnotwendige Güter in die Stadt gebracht.6.Rotes Kreuz sieht immer mehr KatastrophenschädenNaturkatastrophen bedrohen weltweit immer mehr Menschen. Allein im vergangenen Jahr seien rund 200 Millionen Personen beispielsweise von Stürmen, Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben direkt betroffen gewesen, berichtet das Internationale Rote Kreuz in seiner jüngsten Bilanz. Die Zahl der Todesopfer ging danach zwar von rund 33.000 auf etwa 23.000 zurück, das Ausmaß der Sachschäden habe sich gegenüber dem Vorjahr allerdings auf umgerechnet mehr als 40 Milliarden Euro nahezu verdoppelt, heißt es.Das waren die Nachrichten.Texte zum HV 4Teil I: Hörtext "Intelligenzforschung"Länge: 5 Minuten (574 Wörter)Quelle: Nach BR2. Schulfunk vom 21.7.1999. "Wer ist gescheit?"Interviewer: Wer sich um einen Arbeitsplatz bewirbt nach der Schule oder dem Studium, der muss immer häufiger eine Prüfung bestehen, einen sogenannten Intelligenztest, mit dessen Hilfe der sogenannte Intelligenzquotient, der IQ des Bewerbers festgestellt wird. Professor Kurt Heller vom Lehrstuhl für Pädagogische Psychologie an der Universität München ist Spezialist für Intelligenztests und sagt uns zunächst, was ein Intelligenztest ist.Prof. Heller: Ein Intelligenztest besteht aus verschiedenen Aufgaben und Problemstellungen. Das können zum Beispiel sprachliche Aufgaben sein oder Aufgaben aus dem Bereich der Mathematik. Die Aufgaben sollen die Denkfähigkeit prüfen, sprachliche Denkfähigkeit zum Beispiel bei Satzergänzungen oder Analogiebildungen. Etwa so: Heiß verhält sich zu kalt wie nass zu ... und jetzt muss man ergänzen. Das Ergebnis einer solchen Leistungsprüfung besteht meist in mehreren Kennwerten, die Auskunft über die Denkfähigkeiten in unterschiedlichen Bereichen geben sollen. Im Grunde sind die IQ-Tests aber seit einigen Jahrzehnten veraltet, das heißt, die moderne Test-Psychologie verwendet überwiegend spezielle Intelligenz-Messungen, sogenannte Profilverfahren, und eben nicht nur einen Kennwert wie den Intelligenzquotienten. In den neueren Tests, Tests, die in den letzten zwei, drei Jahrzehnten entwickelt worden sind, erfasst man individuelle Profile mit Schwerpunkten und Schwächen, so dass man auch gezielter in der Berufsberatung oder in der Studienberatung sagen kann: Für dich eignen sich mehr diese Studienfächer oder diese Laufbahn.Interviewer: Individuelle Intelligenz, woher kommt sie? Spielt die Umgebung, das Milieu eine Rolle? Oder hat man das alles von den Eltern geerbt?Prof. Heller: Also man kann diese Frage nur sehr allgemein beantworten. Und zwar auf der Grundlage der Erkenntnisse, die wir aus Zwillingsstudien gewonnen haben. Generell muss man sich immer klar machen: Jede Intelligenzentwicklung ist eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den Fähigkeiten, also der Anlage, und der Förderung durch die Umwelt! Das heißt, das, was ich zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt mit Intelligenztests messe, ist nicht die reine Anlage, das reine Fähigkeitspotenzial, sondern immer auch ein Ergebnis dessen, was ich und was möglicherweise auch die Eltern und andere, die für meine Erziehung und Sozialisation verantwortlich sind, gemacht haben, was unterstützt worden ist.Interviewer: Nun hat man ja den Eindruck, dass die Gesellschaft sehr weitgehend。
2012-2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview mit der Bundesbildungsministerin Annette Schavan über das Bunde sausbildungsförderungsgesetz (BAföG). Sie hören dieses Interview insgesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.F 录音中提到“Sie bekommen noch immer nicht das Geld, um ihreLebenshaltungskosten abzudecken”意为：他们仍然没有钱支付生活费，BAföG 的作用是助学金，但并非是为了满足学生的一切需求，故本题错误。
2.R 录音中提到“BAföG ist gerade im Laufe der letzten Jahre mehrfach erhöhtworden”意为：BAföG在过去几年提高了很多”，故本题正确。
3.F 录音中提到“Die Ausgaben sind allein in den letzten sechs Jahren um 26Prozent gestiegen.”即是6年，不是16年，故本题错误。
4.R 录音中提到“Jeder zahlt auch selbst zu seinem Studium. Bildung ist etwaswert...”意为：每个人都要为教育付费，教育是有价值的，故本题“Schavan女士认为BAföG不必足够用于支付学生的所有生活费用”正确。
2009-2010年专八(TEM8)真题、答案及听力原文(整理打印版)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face to face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples (1)_______1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_______: unimportance (2)_______4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA. facial expressions(3)____________ (3)_______— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions— eyebrow raising: surprise or interest— lip biting: (4)_________________ (4)_______ B. gestureGestures are related to culture.British culture— shrugging shoulders: (5)_______ (5)_______ — scratching head: puzzlement other cultures— placing hand upon heart: (6)_______ (6)_______ — pointing at nose: secretC. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakers— closeness: intimacy or threat—(7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_______ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific. (8)_______2. posture— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______ (9)_______ — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoing— definition: imitation of similar posture—(1)_______: aid in communication (10)_______ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.A. merging of different cultural identitiesB. more emphasis on homogeneityC. embracing of more ethnic differencesD. acceptance of more branches of Christianity2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. America is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. Maine.B. Selinsgrove.C. Philadelphia.D. California.4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populationsB. both older and younger populations are racially diverseC. age diversity could lead to pension problemsD. older populations are more racially diverse5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000B. exists among Muslim immigrantsC. is restricted to certain places in the USD. is spreading to more parts of the countrySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .A. electrical short-circuitB. lack of fire-safety measuresC. terrorismD. not knownPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws — not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, "When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws."While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera — a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph —Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books — told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. "I refuse to be carried by another human being myself," he said, "but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood." Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuineinterest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head — a gesture I interpreted to mean, "If you are so na?ve as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on." Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything —or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. "The government was the government of the poor people," one sardar told me. "Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people."But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations —or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated."Which option has been chosen?" I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit."That hasn't been decided," he said."When will it be decided?""That hasn't been decided," he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______.A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchases.D. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That "For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar" (4th paragraph) means that even so, _______.A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?A. "...— not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor." (2nd paragraph)B. "..., whic h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera." (4th paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." (7th paragraph)D. "...or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas." (6th paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______.A. the uncertainty of the court's decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada —get this — "We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to astation 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do — unhappily.For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? "Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly." (2nd paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______.A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups, the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls, and, cleaving the golden, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: "For one, sir? This way, please." Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That "behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel" suggests that _______.A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café.C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _______.A. "... turned Babylonian".B. "perhaps a new barbarism".C. "acres of white napery".D. "balanced to the last halfpenny".23. In its context the statement that "the place was built for him" means that the café was intended to _______.A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author's attitude to the café is _______.A. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DNow elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited — the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the "Mona Lisa."When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit — a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east —where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself."We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. "We have a right to live."27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.A. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. imposition of fishing quotas.30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.。
2018-2019年专八（TEM8）真题、答案及听力原文（整理打印版）.do..
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You. will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task, some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Meaning in Literature (2006)In reading literary works, we are concerned with the ―meaning‖ of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I. Meaning is what is intended by (1) _________. (1) _________Apart from reading an author‘s work in question, readers need to1) read (2) __________by the same author; (2) _________2) get familiar with (3) __________ at the time; (3) _________3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.II. Meaning exists ―in‖ the text itself.1) some people‘s vi ew: meaning is produced by the formal propertiesof the text like (4)_______, etc. (4) _________2) speaker‘s view: meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and (5)______. (5) _________ Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditionsand conventions of usage. But different time periods and different(6) _____ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in a text. (6) _________III. Meaning is created by (7) __________. (7) _________1) meaning is (8) ___________; (8) _________2) meaning is contextual;3) meaning requires (9) ___________; (9) _________----practicing competency in reading ----practicing other competencies----background research in (10) ___________, etc. (10) _________ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green‘s university days?A. She felt bored.B. She felt lonely.C. She cherished them.D. The subject was easy.2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?A. Doing surveys at workplace.B. Analyzing survey results.C. Designing questionnaires.D. Taking a psychology course.3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies in___.A. the nature of work.B. office decoration.C. offi ce location.D. work procedures.4. Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A. She felt unhappy inside the company.B. She felt work there too demanding.C. She was denied promotion in the company.D. She longed for new opportunities.5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A. She was willing and ready.B. She sounded mildly eager.C. She a bit surprised.D. She sounded very reluctant. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to ______.A. destroy the European Central Bank.B. have an interview with a TV station.C. circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D. remember the death of a US astronaut.7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A. He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B. He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C. He had talked to air traffi c controllers by radio.D. He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. The news is mainly about the city government‘s plan to ______.A. expand and improve the existing subway system.B. build underground malls and parking lots.C. prevent further land subsidence.D. promote advanced technology.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news, what makes thi s credit card different from conventional ones is ______.A. that it can hear the owner‘s voice.B. that it can remember a password.C. that it can identify the owner‘s voi ce.D. that it can remember the owner‘s PIN.10. The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPT ______.A. switch.B. battery.C. speaker.D. built-in chip.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AThe University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow‘s universities by writers representing both Western and mon-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University –a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, effi cient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world‘s great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a ―college education in a box‖ could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content – or other dangers – will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become ―if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?‖Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow‘s university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would fu nction much like today‘s faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for fa culty, and in Gidley‘s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismati c sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specifi c real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be ―enrolled‖ in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between–or even during –sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.11. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, ______.A. he is in favor of it.B. his view is balanced.C. he i s slightly critical of it.D. he is strongly critical of it.12.Whi ch of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?A. Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B. Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C. Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D. The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13. According to the review, what is the fundamental mi ssion of traditional university education?A. Knowledge learning and career building.B. Learning how to solve existing social problems.C. Researching into solutions to current world problems.D. Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the Three new roles envisioned for tomorrow's university faculty, university teachers ______.A. are required to conduct more independent research.B. are required to offer more course to their students.C. are supposed to assume more demanding duties.D. are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15.Whi ch category of writing does the review belong to?A. Narration.B. DescriptionC. persuasionD. Exposition.TEXT BEvery street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.The town had changed, but then it hadn't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything wiih no permit no inspection, no noti ce to adjoining landowners. nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Kay roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned. This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbors, rest and relax the way God intended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and (here was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches - Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian - facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, hut in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening servi ces.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn‘t s single empty or boarded-up building around the square – no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he‘d never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mot her‘s grave, something he hadn‘t done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father‘s study, sipping bad instant tea and receivi ng instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give, many decrees and directions, because his father(who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.Moving again, R ay passed the water tower he‘d climbed twi ce, the second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he‘d never visited since he‘d left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forres t had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16. From the first paragraph, we get the impression that ______.A. Ray cherished his childhood memories.B. Ray had something urgent to take care of.C. Ray may not have a happy childhood.D. Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17. Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray‘s hometown?A. Lifeless.B. Religious.C. Traditional.D. Quiet.18. Form the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents was ______.A. close.B. remote.C. tense.D. impossible to tell.19. It can be inferred from the passage that Ray‘s father was all EXCEPT ______.A. considerate.B. punctual.C. thrifty.D. dominant.TEXT CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down whi ch fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are al ways engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might passunarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and hi s valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one's own house and fire at one's neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for thes e glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the "butcher and bolt policy"to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20.The word debts in "very few debts are left unpaid" in the first paragraph means ______.A. loans.B. accountsC. killingsD. bargains.21.Whi ch of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting snows.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys.22. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed ______.A. the introduction of the rifle.B. the spread of British rule.C. the extension of luxuriesD. the spread of trade.23. Building roads by the BritishA. put an end to a whole series of quarrels.B. prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds.C. lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.D. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would be ______.A. Campaigning on the Indian frontier.B. Why the Pathans resented the British rule.C. The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.D. The Pathans at war.TEXT D"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's A cademy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses' shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples - notably that of Hera at Olympia (before whi ch the Olympic flame is still lit) - had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses' shrine".The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries - which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, whi ch became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostri ch eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems - often antique engraved ones - as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific", and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them - and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses' shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary "modern" works wereIn the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of thenineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth:London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.25.The sentence "Museum is a slippery word" in the first paragraph means that ______.A. the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century.B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years.C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.26.The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from ______.A. the Romans.B. Florence.C. Olympia.D. Greek.27. "... the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined" in the third paragraph means that ______.A. there was a great demand for fakers.B. fakers grew rapidly in number.C. fakers became more skillful.D. fakers became more polite.28. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were ______.A. collected from elsewhere.B. made part of the buildings.C. donated by people.D. bought by churches.29. Modern museums came into existence in order to ______.A.protect royal and church treasures.B.improve existing collections.C.stimulate public interest.D.raise more funds.30. Which is the main idea of the passage?A. Collection and collectors.B. The evolution of museums.C. Modern museums and their functions.D. The birth of museums.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was______.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is______.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A. The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of______.A. the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A. T. S. EliotB. D. H. LawrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by______.A. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O'NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37. _____ i s defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram38. What essentially distinguishes semanti cs and pragmatics i s the notion of______.A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of______.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by______.A. HallidayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. SaussurePART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE wor d is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be mi ssing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)________it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)________them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)________We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as (1)________。
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Einheit 10 Wege suchen und finden1.A: Entschuldigung, wo ist hier die Post?B: Die Post? Ja, Moment, da gehen Sie hier die Kaiserstraße geradeaus bis zum Waldweg, dann rechts. Die erste links ist die Badstraße. Die Post ist gleich links an der Ecke.1.A: Entschuldigen Sie bitte, gibt es hier eine Bushaltestelle?B: Tut mir Leid, ich bin auch nicht von hier.A: Entschuldigung, wie komme ich zur Bushaltestelle?B: Also, hier geradeaus, und dann nach links über den Rathausplatz. Dann etwa 200 Meter geradeaus die Schulstraße entlang. Die Bushaltestelle ist direkt neben der Schule.1.A: Wang Hongliang.B: Hier ist Julia. Du, wo bist du jetzt? Ich warte schon seit einer Stunde.A: Mensch, tut mir Leid. Ich bin noch unterwegs.B: Was ist denn los?A: Ich bin eigentlich ganz früh aus dem Haus ausgegangen. An der Bushaltestelle habe ich bemerkt, dass ich mein Geld zu Hause vergessen habe. Ich bin wieder zurückgelaufen und habe es geholt. Dann ist gerade ein Bus angekommen und ich bin eingestiegen. Aber der Bus war falsch, Linie 16, nicht Linie 6. Ich bin mit dem Bus zum Hauptbahnhof gefahren. Das hat ziemlich lange gedauert. Am Bahnhof bin ich zur U2 gegangen. Mit der U2 bin ich zum Rathaus gefahren. Und dort habe ich die U6 genommen. Aber wieder in eine falsche Richtung.Einheit 9 Ich bin krankA: Herr SchmidtB: Frau SchmidtC: SprechstundenhilfeD: der Arzt (Doktor Humann)1）A: Schatz, du siehst aber blass aus. Was ist denn los mit dir?B: Mir geht es nicht gut. Ich habe Kopfschmerzen, und mein Bauch tut auch weh.A: Na, ruf doch mal in der Praxis Dr. Humann an und mach einen Termin! B: Ok, mache ich.2）C: Praxis Dr. Lehmann, guten Tag!B: Guten Tag. Hier spricht Diselar Schmidt. Ich fühle mich nicht wohl. Ich habe Kopf- und Bauchschmerzen. Kann ich morgen vorbeikommen?C: Das geht leider nicht. Morgen haben wir keinen Termin mehr frei.Können Sie übermorgen kommen?B: Aber mir geht es sehr schlecht.C: Ok, ich frage den Doktor. ... Er sagt, dass Sie morgen um halb elf kommen können.B: Vielen Dank.C: Entschuldigung, wie ist Ihr Name?B: Diselar Schmidt.3）B: Guten Tag. Ich bin Diselar Schmidt und habe einen Termin für halb elf. C: Guten Tag. Nehmen Sie bitte im Wartezimmer Platz.B: Ja. Muss ich noch lange warten?C: Nein, nur ein paar Minuten.4）D: Guten Tag. Was fehlt Ihnen?B: Ich habe sehr starke Kopf – und Bauchschmerzen.D: Seit wann haben Sie die Schmerzen?B: Schon seit 3, 4 Tagen.D: Und ...Einheit 8 Was machen Sie in Ihrer Freizeit?A: Guten Tag!B: Guten Tag!A: Darf ich mich vorstellen? Ich heiße Knud und mache zur Zeit ein Praktikum beim ZDF. Wir machen gerade eine Umfrage. Können Sie mir bitte sagen, was machen Sie in Ihrer Freizeit?B: Ich bin eben vom Jugendzentrum zurückgekommen.A: Ja? Was haben Sie denn da gemacht?B: Ich habe einen Kurs besucht.A: Einen Kurs?B: Ja, einen Fotokurs.A: So. Hat es Ihnen gefallen?B: Natürlich! Fotografieren macht mir viel Spaß. Ich kann z. B. während der Ausflüge fotografieren. Man kann dort auch zeichnen lernen.A: Interessant. Kann man da auch Sport treiben?B: Ja, das mache ich auch im Jugendzentrum. Tennisspielen ist mein Hobby. A: Kann man da auch tanzen?B: Freilich! Jede Woche gibt’s da einen Diskoabend.A: Wie ist die Musik dort?B: Cool.A: Muss man was bezahlen?B: Nein. Nur die Getränke kosten etwas. Aber sie sind ziemlich billig.A: Was kann man da sonst noch machen?B: Freunde treffen, Nachhilfestunden bekommen, Sprachkurse besuchen, im Internet surfen ...Einheit 2 KennenlernenA: Die Musik ist schön, nicht?B: Ja.A: Woher kommen Sie? Aus Hangzhou?B: Nein.A: Aha, und woher kommen Sie dann?B: Aus Anhui.A: Was machen Sie hier in Hangzhou? Studieren Sie?B: Nein. Ich lerne hier Deutsch.A: Ach so. Ich arbeite hier. Übrigens, ich bin aus Deutschland. Wolfgang Zimmer ist mein Name. Und wie heißen Sie?B: Liu Ling.A: Freut mich, Frau Liu.Einheit 4 Meine FamilieA: Ich habe eine Schwester. Sie heißt Maria.B: Ich habe einen Bruder. Peter ist sein Name.Zusammen: Das ist meine Familie. Das ist meine Familie.C: Daniels Schwester heißt Susanne. Miriams Bruder, wie ist sein Name? Zusammen: Das ist meine Familie. Das ist meine Famile.D: Ich habe keine Geschwister. Ich bin allein. Ich habe viele Tiere in meiner Familie. Ein Meerschweinchen, zwei kleine Kätzchen, drei Wellensittiche, einen Hund, einen Fisch und eine große Katze. In meiner Familie. Ein Meerschweinchen, zwei kleine Kätzchen, drei Wellensittiche, einen Hund, einen Fisch und eine große Katze. In meiner Familie ...Einheit 5 Im CaféXiaoming: Ist hier noch frei?Gast: Bitte.Xiaoming: Hallo, wir möchten gerne bestellen.Kellnerin: Bitte schön. Hier ist die Karte.Xiaoming: Thomas, ich nehme einen Cappuccino. Möchtest du auch einen? Thomas: Nein, danke. Den mag ich nicht so gerne. Lieber einen Tee. Xiaoming: Mit Zitrone oder Milch?Thomas: Mit Zitrone.Kellnerin: Was darf denn sein?Xiaoming: Ein Cappuccino und ein Tee mit Zitrone.Kellnerin: Möchten Sie dazu Kuchen?Xiaoming: Ja, gerne. Was können Sie uns empfehlen?Kellnerin: Hm. Wie wäre es mit Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte? Die schmeckt wirklich gut.Xiaoming: Thomas, möchtest du ein Stück?Thomas: Nein, danke. Ich hätte lieber ein Stück Apfelkuchen. Der schmeckt mir besser.Xiaoming: Also, dann einmal Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte und einmal Apfelkuchen.Kellnerin: Sehr gerne. Kommt sofort.Xiaoming: Hallo, wir möchten zahlen.Kellnerin: Hat’s Ihnen geschmeckt?Xiaoming: Die Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte schmeckt sehr gut.Kellnerin: Wunderbar. Zahlen Sie getrennt oder zusammen?Xiaoming: Getrennt.Kellnerin: Also ... Einmal Cappuccino und einmal Kirschtorte ... macht zusammen 5 Euro 50. Und für Sie macht’s 5 Euro 30.Xiaoming: Hier sind 6 Euro.Thomas: 6 Euro bitte. Stimmt so.Kellnerin: Danke schön.定冠词不定冠词物主代词人称代词。
2010专八听力全部原文.
2010专业八级(TEM8听力原文PART I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION— SECTION AMINI-LECTUREParalinguistic Features of LanguageGood morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we'll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of communication that take place without the use of grammar and vocabulary. They are called "paralinguistic features of language". These features fall into two broad categories: those that involve the voice and those that involve the body.Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features. Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way . Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, especially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.Now, let's come to the second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intention through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me cite some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages about how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these inmore detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows suggests that you are surprised or interested in something . Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and a visib le clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say, different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of "I don't care", or "I don't know". Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation. But it can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means "It's a secret". That's why we say that gestures are culture bound. The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the physical distance between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or lack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often culture bound. So, what may seemnormal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking orsitting. A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker. Ok, in today's lecture, we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gesture and posture. These features, together with linguistic features of language, like grammar or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.SECTION B INERVIEWF: The word diversity has become a cliché in the United States today. It seems to me that nowadays Americans cannot turn on the television or read a newspaper without seeing the word pop out somewhere as a description of American demographic. Then what is this diversity in the US? Today we're very pleased to have Dr. Jeans Johnson here on our talk show. Welcome Dr. Johnson.M: Thanks!F: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done extensive research on diversity. So what is, how do you define diversity in the American context?M: Well, at one time, the US was called the melting pot, you know, which means that people of many different religions, cultures and races could share their traditional cultural identities and blend into one homogenous nation.F: And am I right in saying that melting pot was emphasizing the idea of all-in-one or being the same? M: Yes, you may say so. Eh, of course, when the phrase melting-pot was popular, there was also the idea of being different. But being different then simply meant Catholic as opposed to protestant or Irish as opposed to Swedish or Italian.F: Has the idea of being different changed over the years?M: Yes, of course. You see, today we use the word diversity to refer to more visible ethnic differences: Asian American, African American and Latino, for instance. And religious diversity refers to the variety of world religions, not merely different branches of Christianity.F: And now is America as a whole truly diverse?M: Well, I think in all this talk about diversity, there was a critical point that may be missed, that is, diversity is not occurring everywhere in the US, or at least not to a degree that would alter the demography of every region of the country.F: Oh, really?M: I can give you an example. Recently a New York Times article describes the town Selinsgrove inPennsylvania. You see in the last ten years, things have barely changed at that town. The population has dropped by one, from 5,384 to 5,383 and the town remains virtually 100% white. The article thus concludes that many portions of the country remain, like Selinsgrove, virtually unchanged on its march towards diversity.F: So regions vary in terms of the degree and types of diversity?M: That's correct. Let's say there are three types of diversity in the US and they differ from region to region.F: Could you elaborate on that?M: Ok, the first is racial diversity. States with the most racially diverse populations stand in stark contrast to those of the least racially diverse populations. Ah, let's look at the two states, California and Maine. From 1990 to 2000 California's Caucasian population, meaning non-Hispanic whites, declined from 57% to 48%. By 2025 it is predicted that figure will drop to just 34%, which indicates the future change in racial composition of California. On the contrary, Maine's Caucasian population was 98% of its total population throughout the 1990s, and by 2025 Maine's population will still be 97% Caucasian, which means virtually no change in Maine's racial diversity over the next 20 or so years.F: This shows that racial diversity is not occurring everywhere. Then what about other types of diversity?M: Right. The second type of diversity is age diversity. There are some interesting age gaps developing between states. For example, there is a large gap between the average age of the five states with the youngest populations and the five states with the oldest populations. This, of course, is well-known. What is less discussed is the difference between the racial make-up of younger and older populations. Most of the populations having the greatest racial diversity are younger on average than the populations with greater Caucasian representation. It is also well-known that Caucasians tend to be more affluent than other ethnic groups on average. In our pay-as-you-go social security system, workers are taxed to pay the benefits of retirees. So this could lead to a future where wealth is systematically redistributed from younger, poorer minorities to older, wealthier whites.F: This is a very interesting point. Then what is the third type of diversity in the US?M: The third is religious diversity. Immigration from India, Pakistan and Middle East poured radically increased numbers of Hindus and Muslims to the US, and Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese and other Asian immigrants increased the numbers of Buddhists.F: Oh, I see.M: But the point is that this religion didn't settle everywhere. They settled mainly in California, and major northeastern and mid-western cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis. From 1990 to 2000, the number of Muslims in New York City grew from 600,000 to nearly 1 million. In the Los Angles area, there are now more than 300 Buddhist temples.F: So we see that many parts of the US are truly becoming more diverse while at the same time others are essentially remaining the same in terms of race, age and religion.M: Yes, that is true.F: Ok, Dr. Johnson, thank you very much for coming on the show and talking to us.M: My pleasure!SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST1. Japan will start an aggressive push to market abroad its mobile technology, especially the nation's popular wallet phone, a government official said Tuesday.Although Japan boasts some of the most sophisticated cell phones in the world, the nation has failed to make its handsets, wireless technology and mobile services hits outside of Japan.Among the wireless innovations Japan hopes to peddle is the wallet phone. The technology relies on a tiny computer chip embedded in each cell phone, whichcommunicates with a reader device at stores, train stations and vending machines for cashless payment.This tiny computer chip was developed by Japanese electronics and entertainment company Sony Corp.2. Zimbabwe's inflation rate has soared in the past three months and is now at 11.2 million percent, the highest in the world. According to the country's Central Statistical Office, official figures dated Monday show inflation has surged from the rate of 2.2 million percent recorded in May, despite the government's price controls.The country's finance minister confirmed the new figure in an interview but said the rising inflation rate was not confined to Zimbabwe alone.In February, the price of a loaf of bread in the country was less than 200,000 Zimbabwe dollars. On Monday, that same loaf of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars.Analysts have said the Zimbabwean government's official inflation rate figures are conservative. Last week, one of Zimbabwe's leading banks, Kingdom Bank, said the country's inflation rate was now more than 20 million percent.The locally-owned bank predicted tougher times ahead for Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support and foreign investment in an economy that has been in freefall for almost a decade.3. A large fire erupted Tuesday in Egypt's parliament and five people were hospitalized for smoke inhalation, official said. There was no official word on the cause of the blaze, which ravaged the 19th-century palace where the parliament's upper house was located. Dozens of fire trucks were at the scene. While firefighters focused on one corner of the building, the blaze burned heavier on the second corner, spreading to the second floor. Two helicopters scooped water from the nearby Nile River in small buckets,and dumped it onto the blaze. Evacuated employees said authorities told them that they had ruled out terrorism and that an electrical short-circuit had likely sparked the fire. Those hospitalized included parliament employees and firefighters, said Ahmad Selah, the fire operation supervisor. The extent of damage is not immediately known. Egypt requires some fire safety measures in buildings, including fire extinguishers. But in general, the rules are not strictly enforced.。
专八满分听力Mini-lecture（1-4）
Mini-lecture 1Cultural UnderstandingLike learning a language，developing cultural understanding occurs step by step over time.Here are five stages of cultural understanding veduchina.Stage one：No understanding.一involves no awareness of the new culture：know nobody and few(1)Stage two：Sup erficial understanding.--awareness of (2) aspects of the foreign culture and stereotypes veduchina--stereotytres are(3)Stage three：Growing understanding and possible(4)--awareness of more subtle，less visible traits in foreign culture--unnecessarily bring acceptance veduchina.For anyone，the home culture is(5)Stage four：Greater(6)————understanding.一still(7) have little empathy veduchina一the(8) level is higherStage five：True empathy，and cultural (9)————.—to live in the foreign culture：the amount of time depends Oil(10)Mini-lecture 2 British Educational System1.Primary and secondary educationin Britain1)Children at the age of(1)________go to primary school.2)Students attend secondaryschool until age sixteen.3)Students enter higher education at age eighteen.2.Higher education in Britain1) In England and Wales：—Application for universities：through the UCCA；一Courses：“course”refers to a(2)_______ program，structured with a fixed program of classes；—Classes：a.classes are offered in the UK on a(3)________basis veduchina；b.more emphasi s i s placed on(4)________study；c.students write more essays and take fewer objective tests；d.classes often take the following forms：(5)______，tutorials，seminars.2) In Scotland：—A variety of tertiary level options are available：a.The colleges of further education provide vocational and (6)____education；b.Central institutions don’t directly validate degrees,but many have close ties to(7) .c.Teachers colleges veduchina；d.The standard university degree is a four—year(8)__________；parison between the US and the UK higher education1)Grading：一In the UK，(9)__________are the most common form of study assessment—The US professors grade less strictly than the UK professors veduchina2)Course levels：—Basic courses are not(10)____________at UK universities.Mini-lecture 3 Mass Media in AmericaMass media specifi cally refer to those publications and programs that attempt to serve most or all of the people in a given market.Three groups of mass media in America are briefly introduced.I. N ewspapersA.Reading newspaper is different from watching TV.—for one thing1.detailed(1)_______ of news items2.substantial treatment of news events3.interesting and stimulating opinions4.analysis over important events at home and abroac—for anotheras for the reading places, no(2)_______B.Newspapers are still a big business.—fact one: the large circulation of a number of important newspapers—fact two: the great (3)_______ of newspapers availableII. MagazinesA.great varietyB.wide range of topi csC.different target readers:the well-educated,well-informed,and(4)_____ peopleD.the top three:(5)_______ TV Guide and The Conde Nast SelectIII. Radio and TelevisionA.Radio:a first-class entertainment medium for most Americans一The future of the radio is still(6)___________B.Television--become popular after the invention of(7)_____ and videotape recorders—profound impact on society1.the socialization effect2.a(8)_________ a molder of new of new cultural trends and a molder of attitudes towards these new trends3.revolutionized the marketing of goods4.the enormous cultural impact of TV violent programs5.the impact of TV on(9)_______________To sum up，the mass media in Ameri ca has，to a great extent，changed and will still keep on changing Americans’(10)_________Mini-lecture 4 Government in Britain and the USThe focus of this lecture is different government systems in Britain and the US.Government in Britain:1. National government:the center of government in Britain iS Parliament.一Location of parliament:(1)__________.—Parliament includes the House of Common，the House of lords and the monarch.—the passage of bills:firstly brought to the House of Commons for discussion，then the house of Lords，finally(2)_________2. Local government in Britain，also known as(3)_________一make small laws,only applied in local area—got payment from(4)from national government--elected by people within each town,city or country areaGovernment in the US:1.The federal government—(5)________is the central law-making body in the US.1)the House of Representatives2)the Senate: the higher but less (6)________of the two houses of Congress.—The President has the power of (7)________a bill.—The Supreme Court: the final Court of Appeal in the US.2.The state government—Each state has its own written(8)________—The highest elected official of each state is the Governor.3.The local government—No law of local government can be(9)________with the United Constitution.To sum up，the government in each country is a (n) (10)________of its historicaland modern factors.参考答案：Mini-lecture1 (1)basi c facts (2)negative (3)offensive (4)conflict (5)much better(6)intellectual (7)emotionally (8)comfort (9)respect (10)the individualCulture understanding文化差异Today I will focus on the i ssue of culture understanding. With increasing globalization, the world becomes really small nowadays. As a member of the global, we get more chances to contact foreign cultures. And what if we want to understand foreign culture very well, what should we do? What kinds of process will we experience before we achieve that goal. The answer is not very difficult to imagine. Just like learning a language, developing culture understanding occurs steps by steps over time. Development of culture consciousness is a process that starts the stage no understanding and moves, in the best case, to the stage of true empathy移情作用,[心]神入and culture respect. So an order to make it a clearer explanation about the process, the five stages of culture understanding is presented here.Stage 1 no und erstanding This level involves no awareness of new culture. The point is quite easy to see. For a person who has few chances to get contact with other cultures, a new one sometimes might as well be like something from an unknown planet in outer space. The person does not know anyone from the culture, and has encountered few, if any, basi c facts about the culture; so naturally, the person certainly has no way to understand that culture at all.Stage 2 superficial understanding This level involves awareness of very superficial aspects of foreign culture, frequentl y negative aspects. At this stage of culture awareness, the person knows a few basic facts of new culture. These facts stand out and often serve as the basis of stereotypes 陈规,老套. However, the stereotypes are offensive because they imply that al l people from a certain culture have the same characteristi cs. At this stage of culture awareness, when stereotypes are keenly felt, the person is highly ethnocentric种族[民族]中心主义的,种族[民族, 集团]优越感的that means the person is just focused on his or her own culture as the norm of what is right and comparing the new culture with the better culture back home. Stage 3 growing und erstanding and possible conflict In this stage the learner begins to be aware of more subtle sometimes less visible traits in the foreign culture. I will give you an example here to illustrate this point. A student learned that a given culture focuses on family far more getting things accomplished. As a result, he or she begin to appreciate the huge importance of family value in this culture, so we can see thi s understanding helps the person to see why things operate the w ay they do. But such awareness doesn’t al ways bring acceptance. In this stage the person is still ethnocentri c home culture-oriented, comparing that culture that i s new to his/her old home culture and usually feel his/her home culture is much better. I think some of you, as English majors, may have the exactly same experiences when you come to be familiar with your foreign t eachers or friends. You do appreciate some of their cultures but you just can’t accept them from the bottom of your heart.Stage 4 great intellectual culture und erstanding At this stage the learner begins to comprehend intellectually the peopl e in the foreign culture yet they are still a little emotional empathy. The person can not feel what it is like to be a member of that culture, the learner thus starts to see things intellectually through the eye of culture bearers at the least part of the time, but they just can’t really feel the same way the members of foreign culture feel. The learner begins to shed ethnocentrism a little bi t and starts to understand new culture more deeply. The person knows why thing are done in the way they are done and accept these things with less irritation. So you can see now the learner obviously comprehend the briefs and actions of people in the culture, the comfort level is higher, and the person does not complain the extensively about the culture differences. That makes a big sense in the process of culture understanding.Stage 5 true empathy and culture resp ect This level is the highest one of culture awareness. To attain this level, the learner must actually live in the foreign culture for some time. As for how long the learner must live in such a culture so that they can reach stage five. The amount of time is variable, greatly depending on the individual. At the fifth stage, unlike the previous stages the learner does not just see things intellectually from the viewpoint of the culture some or most of the time, instead he/she actually feel the part of culture, respects the culture fully and emphasizes emotionally with those who have lived all their life in that culture. By doing so, the person, in real sense, achieves a true culture understanding.In summary, today’s lecture is centered on the stages and growth of culture consciousness. Altogether there are five. 1 no understanding means one does not know anyone from that culture knows few, if any, facts. 2 superficial understanding means one knows some superficial facts and stereotypes. 3 growing understanding and possible conflict means one is aware of moresubtle traits but may experience culture conflicts probably believes one’s own culture is superior. 4 great inte llectual culture understanding means one understands the culture intellectually but not emotionally. 5 true empathy and culture respect means one understands the culture both intellectually and emotionally, can feel what the people in the culture feel. Hope the lecture will be helpful in your nurturing of your culture awareness. Thanks for your patience.Mini-lecture2(1)five (2)degree (3)modular (4)independent/self-directed (5)lectures (6)technical(7)local businesses (8)Honors degree (9)written examinations (10) commonBritish Educational SystemToday I’ll talk about the British educational system, including the primary and secondary education and the higher education in Britain. Meanwhile, I’ll try to make a comparison between the US an d the UK higher education.First, I’ll briefly introduce the primary and secondary education in Britain. In England and Wales, students study in primary schools from age five until eleven. They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. After passing the GCSE exams, students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level exams, called "A levels." At eighteen, they enter higher education to focus on a parti cular subject, called a "course."Now let’s move on to the higher education in Britain. First I’ll talk about the general practi ces in England and Wales, and then the general practices in Scotland.In England and Wales, prospective university students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on Admissions (UCCA). Students do not apply directly to the universities themselves. Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree "course." A degree course normally takes three or four years to complete. At most universities students study only one major subject. Each course i s structured with a fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly, universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular(课程教学)以单元为基础的basis, whi ch allows students to broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program. This modularization, however, has not replaced the traditional British degree course with the American concept of credit accumulation. In addition, there is generally a sharp distinction between the arts and sciences and there is seldom any cross-over between the two.At a British university, more emphasis i s placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States. Required texts and definite reading assignments are less common. More typi cally, an extensive reading list covering all topi cs to be discussed is di stributed at the start of the course to be used for independent research. British students typically consult a large number of sources from the library rather than intensively studying a few books purchased by everyone taking a course. In addition, students are required to write more essays and take fewer objective tests than at U.S. institutions. Classes often take the following forms: lectures, which are sometimes completely optional; tutorials, in whi ch a small number of students meet with the lecturer; and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar essays. Unlike the U.S. system of regular testing in a course, British students sit for final examinations that cover the full year's work and determine the grades for the class. With the growth of modularization, however, there has al so been an increase in the number and variety of modules offered on a semester basi s.In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary第三的,第三位的level options available for students, the most important of whi ch are the colleges of further education, the central institutions, teachers colleges and the universities. The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education, and enroll more students than all other tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the Higher National Diploma (HND), bachelor's degrees and some specialized master's degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and tend to offer a narrower range of subjects than the universities. Many have close ties to local businesses, offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training.Scottish universities are quite di stinct from their British counterparts. In fact, they more closely resemble European or American universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree (BA Hons). Students are rarelyadmitted directly to a degree "course." Usually they are admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish university students begin with a broad-based program during the first year and choose a specialization专门[业]化after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This i s a broad-based degree that (unlike in England) does not represent a "failed" Honors degree.Next, let’s compare the US and the UK highe r education from two aspects,]namely, grading and course levels.First, about the Grading. In the UK, assessment methods vary by institution and tend to reflect the UK teaching method and style. Written examinations, whi ch are held at the end of a year or, in some cases, in the final undergraduate year only, are the most common form of study assessment. There i s no official method of equating British and American educational qualifications. The educational systems are very different and attempts to compare them must be done on a strictly provisional basis. Many U.S. institutions have already developed systems of assessing their study abroad students or equating British grades to U.S. grades.Professors at UK institutions grade more stri ctly than their counterparts in the United States. As a result, American students studying in the UK often perceive that they have performed poorly in their classes, when they have not. Grades are given as percentages rather than letter grades. Forty percent is the minimum passing grade and high percentages are rarely awarded. A grade of seventy percent or higher is considered "with distinction."In general, percentages increase from forty rather than decrease from 100 percent, as they do in the United States.Second, about the Course Levels. A typi cal British course load will vary from 3 to 6 modules or classes per term. Most students take 4 to 5 modules per term. The number of hours in class per week will vary by institution. Students should note that general education or basi c courses are not as common at UK universities because they have already been covered at the GCSE level. Many faculties assume that a student has a basi c understanding of the concepts that will be addressed in the course. For this reason, it is common for third-year American students to take first-year and second-year courses at a UK university.With thi s, we’re coming to the end of today’s lecture. Next time, we’ll talk about university degrees.Mini-lecture3 (1)coverage (2) limitation/confinement (3) variety(4)public—conscious(5) Reader’s Digest (6) promising/bright (7)portable cameras (8) transmitter (9) religion (10)lifeMass Media in America美国媒体Good morning, everyone,today my topic i s mass media in America. By media, we refer to the variety of means by which technology transmits information and entertainment to us. Thus, in its broadest sense, the term media includes newspaper, television, movies, radio, books, and magazines. Mass media specifi cally refer to those publications and programs that attempt to serve most or all of the people in a given market. Here I would like to introduce the mass media in America by dividing them into three groups: newspaper; magazines; radio and television.First, let’s have a look at newspapers. For a long time, newspapers have been the chief means by whi ch people get themselves informed. While television has replaced newspapers as the primary source of news for most Americans, and while computer network is increasingly becoming a faster and easier way of obtaining news for many Americans, newspapers still remain as one of the most powerful means of communications in the United States. For one thing, reading newspapers i s different from watching TV. It gives detailed coverage报道范围of news items, and tends to provide substantial treatment of news events. And, sometimes it offers interesting and stimulating opinions as well as analysis over important events at home and abroad. For another, unlike watching TV, reading newspapers does not require one to be confined to his sitting-room. He can do it virtually anywhere he likes: in his car, at the breakfast table, sitting in the sun, waiting at the subway station, and believe it or not, in the restroom. So, for these and many other reasons, newspapers in the United States are still a big bus iness. And, this is borne out by two facts: (1) the large circulation of a number of important newspapers such as USA Today《今日美国》and The Wall Street Journal《华尔街日报》; (2) the great variety of newspapers available in the United States, big and small, local and national, special and general, radical and conservative, and so on. The top 3 daily newspapers in the United States are: Wall Street Journal, USA Today and New York Times《纽约时报》.Second, we’ll move to magazines. According to a statisti cal record in 1990, there were over 12,205 magazines being published in the United States. More than 4,000 of them appear monthly, and over 1,300 are published each week. They cover all topics and interests, from art and architecture to sports, from aviation航空学,飞机制造业and gardening to computers and book reviews, from fashion design and cooking to homemaking. Quite a few have international editors, are translated into other languages, or have “daughter” editions in foreign countries. Among the many internationals are National Geographic《国家地理》杂志, Reader’s Digest《读者文摘》杂志,Cosmopolitan《大都会》,Vogue《时尚》杂志,Time《时代》,Newsweek 《新闻周刊》, Scientific American and Psychology Today. The weekly newsmagazines —the best known are Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》—serve as a type of national press. Unlike newspapers, however, weekly newsmagazines tend to give extensive coverage and provide detailed, and sometimes in-depth, analysis. Also unlike newspapers, whi ch usually have the lowest common denominator in their appeal to the general reading public, weekly newsmagazines normally target at the well-educated, well-informed, and public-conscious people of the society. Many weekly newsmagazines also have considerable international impact, particularly Time and Newsweek. The top three magazines in America are: (1) Reader’s Digest; (2) TV Guide《电视导读》; (3) The Conde Nast Select.Third, I’ll say something about radio and television. In more than two generations, the two powerful mass media transformed much of American life.Radio, emerging at the same period when the Great Depression pervaded蔓延, 在…中盛行in America, provided free entertainment in the comforts of the home. Families that could no longer afford to go out for entertainment gathered together in their living rooms to escape reality by laughing, fantasizing梦想,幻想and dreaming of happier times. From then on, radio became a first-class entertainment medium for most Ameri cans. Up until now, in view of the popularity of radio programs in the United States, the future of radio as a form of medium continues to look bright.Then, with the rapid development of science and technology, TV came into being in 1920s. It primarily serves as a medium of entertainment, and then also has a big role to play as a news broadcasting agency. Networks began experimenting with news at locally owned stations as early as January 1940. But, early-day television news could not begin to compare with radio news. Only after the invention of portable cameras and videotape recorders had television been made a much more credible news medium because viewers saw pictures of the news events on the day they occurred. Consequently, access to news is made much easier, and the general public is getting better informed.Gradually, television’s impact on American society has been more and more profound. It has changed the life-styles of most Americans and become a major influence on American culture. It can be seen from 5 aspects.First and foremost is the socialization effect. Many studies have shown that TV’s dominance as household activi ty often reduces the level of communi cation among family members and, as a result, much of the culture being distributed to youngsters today in the United States comes from the tube rather than the family.Secondly, television programming has played an important role in shaping and reflecting for the masses the cultural changes that have been occurring in American Society. TV functions both as a transmitter传送[递]者of new cultural trends and as a molder造型者,模塑者of new attitudes towards these new trends.Thirdly, television has revolutionized the marketing of goods in the Ameri can economy. With TV marketing, people become vulnerable to the products, or in other words, to the commercials.Fourthly, the cultural impact of violent TV programs has been quite enormous. Needless to say, the question of violence on TV has been around nearly as long as the medium. Many critics claim that TV violence increases violence in American society.Fifthly, the impact of TV on religion has al so been an issue of great concern to many Americans. So far now, it is still an issue full of di sputes.To sum up, the mass media in Ameri ca includes so many different forms, and each of them plays a vital role in American people’s life not only in the past, but also at present and in the future. To know much about America, one must have a good knowledge about its mass media.Mini-lecture4 (1)Westminster (2)signed (3)Councils (4)local taxes (5)Congress (6)powerful(7)veto (8)Constitution (9)in di sagreement (10)embodimentGovernment in Britain and the US英美政府Today we will focus on the Government in Britain and the United States. Let’s have a look at them one after the other.Government in Britain can be divided into National government and Local government.The center of government in Britain is Parliament, which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation课税, etc. Parliament i s made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch. The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself i s used to mean Parliament.The House of commons, or the Commons, is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a parti cular area or constituency(议员所代表的)(全体)选民;选(举)区. The House of Lords上议院, or the Lords, is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord or Viscount子爵whi ch have been passed down to them on the death of their father; people who are given titles as a reward for their long servi ce in public life, but whose children do not inherit their title; and some important leaders of the Church of England, such as Archbishops and Bishops.The government brings bills to the House of Commons下议院, whi ch are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be di scussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it. When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of Parliament.At present England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster. In Northern Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of di scussion about whether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in Wales. The Local government in Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws, that i s bylaws, whi ch only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, schools, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting thi s tax.Local councils are elected by people within each town, city, or county area. The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues rather than the national policies of their party.Now let’s move to the topi c of Government in the US. All levels of government in the US, including federal, state, and local, are elected by the people of the country.First, we’ll talk about the federal government. The constitution of the US specifi cally limits the power of the federal, or national, government mainly to defense, foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is made up of the Congress , the President, and the Supreme Court. Congress, the central law-making body in the US, i s made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen. The number of Representatives for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate i s the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators, elected by their state. Each state has two Senators. Congress decides whether a BILL becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representatives both agree to a bill, the President i s asked to agree. The President can veto the bill, but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.Second, we’ll learn something about the state government. The state government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution, and among the states there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health and education. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor. Each state also has one。
2015-2018年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ.Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören eine Radiosendung zum Thema …Mehr intensive Niederschlagsereignisse“. Sie hören das Interview insgesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch). (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.R 录音中提到“Lang anhaltende R egenfälle und heftige Stürme hatten immerwieder Bäume entwurzelt, die dann auf Gleise und Oberleitungen stürzten.”意为：持续不断的降雨和暴风雨将树木连根拔起，树木纷纷在铁轨和架空线上坠落，导致交通瘫痪。
故本题正确。
2.F 录音中提到“Gewitter und Starkregen-Ereignisse treten seit Jahren inDeutschland immer häuf iger auf.”意为：近几年来雷雨以及暴雨天气德国发生得更加频繁了。
故本题错误。
3.F 录音中提到“...kleinräumig, aus Gewittern sich entwickelndeStarkniederschläge”意为：小型的、由雷雨引发的暴雨，给当地造成了伤害。
故本题错误。
4.R 录音中提到“Wir haben ja das nicht nur auf den Eisenbahnschienengesehen...Wir sahen das auch auf den Autobahnen, dass hier zementierte Autobahnen diese sogenannten Blowups hatten.”意为：不止在铁路上，我们在高速公路上也看到了狂风大作的场景。
德语专八真题答案与解析
德语专八真题答案与解析在备考德语专八考试的过程中，掌握往年真题的答案和解析是非常重要的。
这不仅可以帮助我们了解考试的命题思路和题型分布，还能帮助我们找出自己的薄弱点，有针对性地进行复习和提高。
本文将总结几道德语专八真题，并给出解析，希望能对正在备考的同学有所帮助。
题目1：阅读理解Passage 1:Könnten wir im Alltag auf Plastik verzichten? DieRealität sieht anders aus. Plastik ist mittlerweile überall: in Kleidung, Verpackungen und technischen Geräten. Es ist billig, leicht und vielseitig einsetzbar. Auch der Konsum von Einwegplastiktüten ist hoch. Allein in Deutschland werdenjährlich über 6 Mrd. Plastiktüten verbraucht. Viele davo n landen in den Weltmeeren und sind eine Gefahr für die Umwelt.Fragen:1. Was sind die Gründe dafür, dass Plastik so weit verbreitet ist?2. Wie viele Plastiktüten werden in Deutschlandjährlich verbraucht?3. Warum sind Plastiktüten eine Gefahr für die Umwelt?解析：1. Plastik ist billig, leicht und vielseitig einsetzbar.2. In Deutschland werden jährlich über 6 Mrd.Plastiktüten verbraucht.3. Plastiktüten landen oft in den Weltmeeren undgefährden die Umwelt.此题主要考察对文章内容的理解和概括能力。
2018Mini-lecture专业八级真题听力原文
2018Mini-lecture专业八级真题听力原文Language and HumanityGood morning, everyone.In today's lecture, we're going to discuss the relationship between language and humanity. As we all know, language is very powerful.It allows you to put a thought from your mind directly in someone else's mind. Languages are like genes talking, getting things they want.And you just imagine the sense of wonder in a baby when it first discovers that, merely by uttering a sound, it can get objects to move across a room as if by magic, and maybe even into its mouth.Now we need to explain how and why this remarkable trait, you know, human's ability to do things with language, has evolved, and why did this trait evolve only in our species?In order to get an answer to the question, we have to go to tool use in the chimpanzees.Chimpanzees can use tools, and we take that phenomenon as a sign of their intelligence.But if they really were intelligent, why would they crack open nuts with a rock?Why wouldn't they just go to a shop and buy a bag of nuts that somebody else had already cracked open for them?Why not? I mean, that's what we do.The reason the chimpanzees don't do that is that they lack what psychologists and anthropologists call social learning.That is, they seem to lack the ability to learn from others by copying or imitating or simply watching.As a result, they can't improve on others' ideas, learn from others' mistakes, or even benefit from others' wisdom.And so they just do the same thing over and over and over again.In fact, we could go away for a million years and come back and these chimpanzees would be doing the same thing with the same rocks to crack open the nuts.Okay, so what this tells us is that, contrary to the old saying, "monkey see, monkey do," the surprise really is that all of the other animals really cannot do that -- at least not very much.But by comparison, we humans can learn.We can learn by watching other people and copying or imitating what they can do.We can then choose, from among a range of options available, the best one.We can benefit from others' ideas. We can build on their wisdom.And as a result, our ideas do accumulate, and our technology progresses.And this cumulative cultural adaptation, as anthropologists call this accumulation of ideas, is responsible for everything around you in your bustling and teeming everyday life.I mean the world has changed out of all proportion to what we would recognize even 1,000 or 2,000 years ago.And all of this is because of cumulative cultural adaptation.For instance, the chairs you're sitting in today, the lights in this lecture hall, my microphone, the iPads and the smart phones that you carry around with you -- all are a result of cumulative cultural adaptation.But, our acquisition of social learning would create anevolutionary dilemma, and the solution to the dilemma, it's fair to say, would determine not only the future course of our psychology, but the future course of the entire world.And most importantly for this, it'll tell us why we have language.And the reason that dilemma arose is, it turns out, that social learning is visual theft.What I mean is, if I can learn by watching you, I can steal your best ideas, and I can benefit from your efforts, without having to put in the same time and energy that you did into developing them.Social learning really is visual theft.And in any species that acquired it, it would encourage you to hide your best ideas, lest somebody steal them from you.And so some time around 200,000 years ago, our species confronted this crisis.And we chose to develop the systems of communication that would allow us to share ideas and to cooperate amongst others.Choosing this option would mean that a vastly greater fund of knowledge and wisdom would become available to any one individual than would ever arise from within an individual family or an individual person on their own.Well, language is the result.Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft.Language is a piece of social technology for enhancing the benefits of cooperation -- for reaching agreements, for striking deals and for coordinating our activities.And you can see that, in a developing society that was beginning to acquire language, not having language would be like a bird without wings.As I said at the beginning, language really is the voice of our genes.But, as we spread out around the world, we developed thousands of different languages.Currently, there are about seven or eight thousand different languages spoken on Earth. And then another problem occurred.It seems that we use our language, not just to cooperate, but to draw rings around our cooperative groups and to establish identities, and perhaps to protect our knowledge and wisdom and skills from being stolen from outside.And we know this because when we study different language groups and associate them with their cultures, we see that different languages slow the flow of ideas between groups.Okay, this tendency we have, this seemingly natural tendency we have, goes towards isolation, towards keeping everything to ourselves, whereas our modern world is communicating with itself and with each other more than it has at any time in its past. And that communication, that connectivity around the world, that globalization now raises a burden.Because these different languages impose a barrier, as we've just seen, to the transfer of goods and ideas and technologies and wisdom.And they impose a barrier to cooperation. What will be the solution?In a world in which we want to promote cooperation and exchange, and in a world that might be dependent more than ever before on cooperation to maintain and enhance our levels of prosperity,I think it might be inevitable that we have to confront the idea that our destiny is to be one world with one language.What do you think of the solution? Okay.In today's lecture, I have presented to you how language shapes our humanity, what kind of dilemma social learning has created, and the possible solutions to the dilemma.In our next lecture, I am going to talk about lingua franca and its functions.。
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学习必备欢迎下载全国高等学校德语专业八级考试样题集上听力原文Texte zum HV 1Teil I: Hörtext …Forschungsprojekte für Soziologie-Studenten“Sie hören ein Interview zum Thema …Forschungsprojekte für Soziologie-Studenten“. (bearbeitet nach dem Hörtext 2 vom TestDaF Modellsatz 1, etwa 620 Wörter)Interviewer: Die Fakultät für Soziologie an der Univers ität Bielefeld führt mit Studenten Forschungsprojekte im Ausland durch, sogenannte Lehrforschungen. Die Studenten sollen dabei unter einem bestimmten Gesichtspunkt untersuchen, wie in einem kleinen Bereich die Gesellschaft des jeweiligen Landes funktioniert.Wir haben hier im Studio zwei Gäste. Frau Laaser ist Mitarbeiterin der Fakultät für Soziologie und betreut Studenten, die an solchen Forschungsprojekten teilnehmen. Und Frau Meichsner hat als Soziologiestudentin in einem solchen Forschungsprojekt mitgearbeitet. Frau Meichsner, Sie waren drei Monate im Senegal.Sylvia Meichsner: Ja, wir waren zuerst in der Hauptstadt, in Dakar, um uns einzuleben und erste Kontakte zu offiziellen Stellen zu knüpfen. In Dakar konnten wir auf dem Campus wohnen. Unser Aufenthalt fiel nämlich in die Zeit der dortigen Semesterferien, deshalb konnten wir dort die ersten vier Wochen unseres Aufenthalts verbringen. Anschließend haben wir zwei Dorfstudien durchgeführt.Während der Dorfstudien war dann jeder alleine auf einem Dorf für jeweilsungefähr zwei Wochen. Ich habe mich dort mit dem Gesundheitswesen auseinandergesetzt und die Möglichkeit gehabt, im Gesundheitsdienst mitzuarbeiten, also im Sinne von teilnehmender Beobachtung auch Notizen zu machen und Ergebnisse festzuhalten. Ich habe sehr viele Interviews geführt mit Personen, die im Gesundheitswesen arbeiten – auf verschiedenen Ebenen und in verschiedenen Positionen. Angefangen von Dorfhebammen über traditionelle Heiler bis hin zu einem Vertreter des Gesundheitsministeriums.Interviewer: In diesem Semester plant die Fakultät für Soziologie neue Lehrforschungen. In den kommenden Semesterferien fährt dann ein Dutzend Studierender nach Kenia. Frau Laaser, Sie arbeiten an der Fakultät für Soziologie und betreuen diese Gruppe.Mirjam Laaser: Es geht darum, die Verbindung zwischen Praxis und Wissenschaft herzustellen. Das theoretische Basiswissen lernen die Studenten in Vorbereitungsseminaren und in der Praxis bearbeiten sie dann ein inhaltlich begrenztes Forschungsprojekt, und zwar unter Betreuung eines Mitarbeiters des Forschungsschwerpunktes. Und in unserem Fall heißt das eben, dass wir zusammenfür drei Monate nach Kenia reisen und dort anhand von bestimmten Fragestellungen, die jetzt vorher erarbeitet werden, eine Forschung machen.Interviewer: Forschen können Soziologen eigentlich nur, wenn sie auch die jeweilige Landessprache beherrschen. Die sechs Studierenden der Kenia-Gruppe haben vor einem halben Jahr begonnen, Kiswahili zu lernen. Frau Meichsner, Sie hätten sich damals für Ihren Aufenthalt im Senegal noch mehr Vorbereitung auf die Sprache gewünscht, wie sie mir erzählt haben.Sylvia Meichsner: Die Landessprache im Senegal ist ja Französisch, also die Amtssprache. Aber es gibt sehr viele afrikanische Sprachen, die dort auch gesprochen werden. Nationalsprache ist Woloff. Und das Problem, was sich da gestellt hat, ist, dass ich selbst nur sehr wenig Woloff kann. Ich hatte dann eineÜbersetzerin, die zwischen Woloff und Französisch gedolmetscht hatte. (Und) das fand ich ein bisschen schade, weil da sehr viele Informationen durch diese Zwischenschaltung der Übersetzerin verlorengegangen sind. Ich würde deshalb jedem empfehlen, sich sprachlich so gut es irgend geht, in der Nationalsprache vorzubereiten.Interviewer: Nach der Vorbereitungszeit bleiben die Studierenden in dem Forschungsland auf sich gestellt. Sie müssen selbständig herausfinden, mit welchen Leuten sie in Kontakt treten müssen, damit sie mit ihrer Forschung vorankommen. Auch ihre Unterkunft organisieren sie sich selbst. Aber bevor die Studenten ins Ausland gehen können, müssen sie die Frage der Finanzierung klären. Wer Soziologie nicht als Hauptfach studiert, kann die übliche finanzielle Hilfe des Deutschen- Akademischen-Austauschdienstes und der Soziologiefakultät nicht in Anspruch nehmen. Aber, Frau Meichsner, die Erfahrungen, die die Studenten durch die Lehrforschung machen, sind doch Gold wert?Sylvia Meichner: Ja. Ich habe einen sehr guten Einblick in die Arbeit von Menschen bekommen, die in der Entwicklungsarbeit tätig sind. Was das tägliche Leben betrifft, hätte ich mir das Ganze einfacher vorgestellt. Ich wusste zwar schon vorher vielüber das Land, aber jetzt ist mir erst richtig klar geworden, was das heißt: Stromausfall, Regenzeit, alle Straßen überschwemmt. Man kann so während der Lehrforschung viele persönliche Fragen im Hinblick auf die späteren beruflichen Ziele beantworten.Teil II: Texte für Nachrichten1.Gedenken an Befreiung der NS-KonzentrationslagerMit einer zentralen Gedenkfeier hat die Bundesrepublik an die Befreiung derNazi-Konzentrationslager vor 60 Jahren erinnert. Bundeskanzler Schröder warnte im Deutschen Nationaltheater in Weimar davor, die Verbrechen des Nationalsozialismuszu vergessen. Die nachgeborenen Generationen würden nicht zulassen, dass Antisemitismus, Rassismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit wieder eine Chance bekämen. Der Präsident des Zentralrats der Juden in Deutschland, (Paul) Spiegel, warnte vor einem Wiedererstarken des Rechtsextremismus. Gemeinsam mit ehemaligenKZ-Häftlingen und Vertretern von Opferverbänden und Politik legte Schröder anschließend auf dem nahe gelegenen Gelände der KZ-Gedenkstätte Buchenwald einen Kranz nieder.2.Erinnerung an den Widerstandskämpfer Dietrich BonhoefferAn den Theologen und Widerstandskämpfer Dietrich Bonhoeffer hat die Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Bayern erinnert. Bonhoeffer war am 9. April 1945 von den Nazis im Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg ermordet worden. Bei einem Gottesdienst sagte Landesbischof Friedrich, die Kirche könne Bonhoeffers nicht gedenken, ohne zugleich das eigene Versagen zu bekennen.3.Engere Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und Russland Deutschland und Russland wollen ihre wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit ausbauen. Das kündigten Bundeskanzler Schröder und Präsident Putin bei der Eröffnung der Hannover-Messe an. Russland ist in diesem Jahr Schwerpunkt der weltgrößten Industrieschau, an der mehr als 6.000 Aussteller aus 95 Ländern teilnehmen. Putin versprach weitere Gesetze zur Privatisierung und Liberalisierung seines Landes. Er forderte die deutschen Unternehmen auf, vers tärkt in Russland zu investieren. Derzeit liege die Bundesrepublik bei den Investitionen im internationalen Vergleich nur auf Platz vier, so der russische Präsident weiter.4.Britische Regierung gibt MG Rover KreditDie unmittelbare Entlassung von 6.000 Beschäftigten beim insolventen britischen Autobauer MG Rover ist zunächst abgewendet. Die Regierung sagte dem Traditionsunternehmen einen Kredit über umgerechnet 9,5 Millionen Euro zu. Damit sollen die Löhne der Arbeiter und andere Ausgaben für eine Woche gedeckt sein. Der letzte große Fahrzeughersteller in Großbritannien hatte am Freitag mitgeteilt, er stehe kurz vor dem Aus. Neben den 6.000 Jobs im Hauptwerk Longbridge stehen auch Tausende von Arbeitsplätzen bei Zulieferbetrieben auf dem Spiel.5.Israelische Polizei verhindert Proteste am TempelbergAus Furcht vor Zusammenstößen zwischen radikalen jüdischen Siedlern undPalästinensern hat die israelische Polizei mit einem Großaufgebot den Jerusalemer Tempelberg abgeriegelt. Tausende Polizisten sicherten den Juden und Moslems heiligen Tempelberg und die Altstadt ab, um eine angekündigte Kundgebungjüdischer Nationalisten gegen den Gaza-Rückzugsplan zu verhindern. Als einige Demonstranten versuchten, die Absperrungen zu durchbrechen, kam es zu Auseinandersetzungen mit der Polizei. Mehrere Personen wurden festgenommen. Die radikal-islamischen Palästinenser-Organisationen Hamas und Islamischer Dschihad drohten mit Gewalt, falls es den jüdischen Siedlern gelingen sollte, in den heiligenBezirk vorzudringen.6.Tote bei neuen Gefechten in JemenDie jemenitische Armee hat, unterstützt von Anti-Terror-Einheiten, eine Hochburg der schiitischen Rebellen im Norden des Landes gestürmt. Dabei wurden nach Armeeangaben mindestens 27 Menschen getötet. Ärzte berichten, unter den Todesopfern seien 8 Soldaten der Regierungstruppen. Die Kämpfe mit Anhängern des Schiiten-Predigers (Badruddin) al-Huthi waren am 28. März in der Provinz Saada ausgebrochen.7.Talabani will US-Truppen noch zwei Jahre im Irak haltenTrotz der jüngsten Proteste gegen ausländische Soldaten im Irak sollen nach den Worten des neuen irakischen Präsidenten Talabani die US-Truppen noch zwei Jahre im Land bleiben. In dieser Zeit könne es geschafft werden, eine eigene Armee und Sicherheitskräfte aufzubauen, sagte Talabani dem US-Nachrichten-Sender CNN. Bis dahin sei der Irak darauf angewiesen, dass die von den USA geführten ausländischen Truppen sein Land vor Terroristen und Einmischung von außen schützen.8.Wieder Erdbeben vor der Küste SumatrasEin heftiges Erdbeben vor der Küste Sumatras hat Teile Indonesiens erschüttert, aber keine Flutwelle ausgelöst. Über größere Schäden oder Opfer ist nichts bekannt.9.Nürnberg besiegt Rostock 3 : 0In der Bundesliga spielten am Sonntag Nürnberg – Rostock 3:0 und Bielefeld –Kaiserslautern 0:2.10.Das Wetter in Deutschland: Freundlicher und wieder wärmerFast überall bleibt es trocken mit einem Wechsel aus Sonne und Wolken. Höchstens zwischen 11 und 17 Grad.Soweit die Meldungen.Texte zum HV 2Teil I: Eine Radiosendung …Wirtschaft aktuell“ (etwa 730 Wörter)Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer!Hier ist der Bayerische Rundfunk mit seinem Magazin …Wirtschaft aktuell“. Im ersten Teil unserer heutigen Sendung beschäftigen wir uns mit dem Weihnachtsgeschäft in München. Zum ersten Mal wurden dieses Jahr keine Kaufrekorde mehr verzeichnet. Sparen die Kunden nun wirklich bei den Weihnachtsgeschenken, oder sind dies doch die Auswirkungen der gegenwärtigen Rezession? Wir haben Beschäftigte im Einzelhandel dazu gefragt.Frau Huber, Sie sind Verkäuferin in einem Kaufhaus. Wie war denn der Weihnachtsverkauf bei Ihnen?Schwer zu sagen! Sicher will niemand ganz auf Weihnachtsgeschenke verzichten, aber man kann doch beobachten, dass die Kunden bei der Auswahl der verschiedenen Artikel kritischer geworden sind. Sie achten jetzt mehr darauf, ob das Gekaufte auch nützlich ist. Früher wurde schon eher mal etwas rein Dekoratives gekauft, eine Blumenvase für die Mutter oder ein Kerzenständer für den Bruder. Heute liegen stattdessen eher ein Paar warme Socken oder eine qualitativ hochwertige Ski- unterwäsche unter dem Christbaum. Eigentlich ist das ja gut so, dass der Kunde beim Einkauf mehr überlegt, weil es dann später bei weitem nicht mehr so viele Umtausch-Aktionen gibt wie in den früheren Jahren.Vielen Dank, Frau Huber. Fragen wir doch einmal Ihren Chef, Herrn Ebert, den Filialleiter, wie er das Weihnachtsgeschäft einschätzt!Wissen Sie, eigentlich hatten wir in unserer Branche gehofft, die schlechten Umsätze, die wir im letzten Jahr gemacht haben, durch das Weihnachtsgeschäft wieder gutmachen zu können. Aber die ohnehin schon verminderte Kauflust ließ sich nicht verbessern. Sicher hat dabei die allgemeine wirtschaftliche Lage, vor allem die teilweise Kürzung des Weihnachtsgeldes, eine Rolle gespielt. Wir haben zwar Spielwaren und Sportartikel nach wie vor gut verkaufen können, aber bei den Elektroartikeln, insbesondere bei Fernsehgeräten und Stereoanlagen, gab es Umsatzrückgänge. Auf jeden Fall hat sich das Klima in unserer Branche verschärft. Doch das ist für den Kunden ja ein Vorteil, er ist wieder der König! Für uns heißt das allerdings, dass um jeden Kunden wieder gekämpft wird. Wenn jemand unser Kaufhaus verlässt, ohne etwas gekauft zu haben, dann hat das schon negative Konsequenzen für das Personal.Wie steht’s nun mit dem Weihnachtsessen? Herr Ferstel ist Geschäftsführer eines Feinkostgeschäfts und kann uns sicher Auskunft darüber geben.Also, in unserem Delikatessenladen, da war die augenblickliche Rezession ganz schön zu spüren, immerhin hatten wir einen Umsatzrückgang von fast 3 Prozent. Vor allem teurere Spirituosen wie Champagner verkaufen sich nicht mehr so gut. Die Leute schenken momentan lieber Wein, weil der eben billiger ist. Die Kunden verzichten zwar nicht ganz auf Luxusartikel, denn es ist halt an Weihnachten Tradition, dass etwas Besonderes auf den Tisch kommt, aber exklusive Artikel wie Kaviar oder Lachspastete wurden mengenmäßig weit weniger gekauft als voriges Jahr.Schmuck war schon immer ein beliebtes Weihnachtsgeschenk. Frau Neumaier, Sie betreiben ein Schmuckgeschäft in der Innenstadt. Wie ist die Marktlage bei Ihnen?Zum Glück hat sich die Rezession auf uns noch nicht ausgewirkt. Ganz im Gegensatz zu den Statistiken des übrigen Einzelhandels, die ja eine weitgehend rückläufige Tendenz aufweisen, ist das Interesse an Uhren und Schmuck als Geschenkartikelgrößer denn je. Über Umsatzeinbußen wie bei anderen Branchen können wir uns wirklich nicht beklagen, das Gegenteil ist der Fall: es gibt einen ausgesprochenen Trend zu hochwertigen Schmuckstücken. Die Devise lautet …Klein aber fein“. Ein neuer Trend z.B. ist, dass wir immer öfter Anfragen von Männern bekommen, ob wir ihnen nicht die Brillantringe, die sie ihren Damen schenken wollen, in Spezialkugeln verpacken könnten. Die sollen dann für alle sichtbar am Weihnachtsbaum aufgehängt werden.Herr Becker, können Sie uns zum Abschluss aus der Sicht des Deutschen Einzelhandelsverbandes eine Gesamteinschätzung geben?Natürlich sind für uns die Umsatzeinbußen in diesem Jahr keine Überraschung! Wir haben nämlich das Problem kommen sehen und gewusst, dass es heuer nicht mehr so laut in den Kassen klingelt. Während normalerweise das Vorweihnachtsgeschäft etwa 5 Prozent des Jahresumsatzes beträgt, kamen wir dieses Jahr nur auf einen Anteil von 3 Prozent. Der Grund ist, dass die Kunden auf das Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis achten. Trotzdem waren die Kaufhäuser an den verkaufsoffenen Samstagen genauso überfüllt wie eh und je, allerdings kommen die meisten Leute nur zum Schauen. UnsereVerkäuferinnen beobachten immer öfter, dass ein Kunde drei- bis viermal kommt, bevor er dann endlich den gewünschten Artikel kauft. Sicher hat das damit zu tun, dass man wieder mehr Wert auf Markenartikel legt, wie ja überhaupt dasQualitätsbewusstsein laufend zu wachsen scheint!Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer, dies war ein kurzes Schlaglicht auf die Situation im Weihnachtsgeschäft. Kommen wir nun zum nächsten Programmteil...1.Annan öffnet Ausweg aus politischer Krise in KeniaIn Kenia haben sich Regierung und Opposition auf einen Plan zur Beendigung derGewalt geeinigt. Das sagte der frühere UN-Generalsekretär Annan in Nairobi. DerPlan umfasse kurz- und langfristige Maßnahmen. Zunächst gehe es um eine sofortige Beendigung der Gewalt, die Respektierung der Menschenrechte, eine Lösung derhumanitären Krise des Landes und die Durchsetzung von Presse- und Meinungsfreiheit. Oppositionsführer Odinga wirft Staatschef Kibaki vor, diePräsidentenwahl Ende Dezember nur durch Betrug gewonnen zu haben.2.Schwere Kämpfe mit Rebellen im TschadIm Tschad ist es nach einer Offensive der Rebellen (auf N'Djamena) zu schwerenKämpfen in der Nähe der Hauptstadt gekommen. Sowohl die Regierungstruppen alsauch die Rebellen reklamierten militärische Erfolge für sich. Unabhängige Berichteüber den Verlauf der Gefechte liegen nicht vor. Frankreich verstärkte seine Truppen inN'Djamena um rund 150 Mann auf 1.400 Soldaten. Die EU verschob wegen derKämpfe die Stationierung der ersten Soldaten ihrer Friedentruppe zum Schutz vonFlüchtlingen in der Grenzregion zum Sudan.3.Mindestens zwölf Tote bei Anschlag auf Bus in Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka sind bei einem Bombenanschlag auf einen Bus mindestens 20 Menschenums Leben gekommen und 50 verletzt worden. Das teilte die Armee mit. DerSprengkörper detonierte an einem Busbahnhof in Dambulla etwa 150 Kilometernördlich der Hauptstadt Colombo. Die Streitkräfte machten tamilische Rebellen fürden Anschlag verantwortlich.A beharren auf geforderter TruppenverstärkungDie USA haben ihre Forderung an Deutschland bekräftigt, Kampftruppen in denSüden Afghanistans zu entsenden. Generalstabschef (Michael) Mullen betonte, dieUS-Militärs seien auf die Unterstützung der Verbündeten und damit auch der Bundesrepublik angewiesen. Zuvor hatten Kanzlerin Merkel und Verteidigungsminister Jung die in einem Brief formulierte Anforderung von Pentagonchef Gates nach einem Einsatz von Bundeswehrsoldaten im Süden strikt abgelehnt. Jung verwies auf die klare Aufgabenteilung zwischen den Nato-Partnern in Afghanistan. Für die Bundeswehr bleibe der Norden des Landes Einsatzschwerpunkt.Rückendeckung bekam die Bundesregierung von Nato-Generalsekretär (Jaap) deHoop Scheffer. Er sei sehr zufrieden mit dem deutschen Beitrag in Afghanistan.A und Polen erzielen Annäherung bei Raketenabwehr-PlänenIn der Debatte über ihre Pläne für einen Raketenschild in Osteuropa sind dieVereinigten Staaten polnischen Forderungen entgegengekommen. Die USAunterstützten die von Polen angestrebte Modernisierung der Luftabwehr, sagteAußenministerin Rice nach einem Treffen mit ihrem polnischen Amtskollegen Sikorski in Washington. Die USA wollen zum Schutz vor Angriffen etwa aus dem Iran oder aus Nordkorea ein Raketenabwehrsystem in Polen und Tschechien stationieren. Polen fordert als Gegenleistung die Hilfe bei der Modernisierung der eigenen Luftabwehr.6.WestLB streicht etliche ArbeitsplätzeDie mit Milliarden-Verlusten kämpfende nordrhein-westfälische Landesbank WestLB steht vor einem massiven Arbeitsplatzabbau. Das Nachrichtenmagazin …Focus“ schreibt, 1.700 Mitarbeiter, fast ein Drittel aller Beschäftigten, müssten innerhalb eines Jahres den Düsseldorfer Konzern verlassen. Weiter heißt es, WestLB-Chef Alexander Stuhlmann werde am Donnerstag dem Aufsichtsrat einen entsprechenden Restrukturierungsplan zur Bestätigung vorlegen. Die Bank lehnte eine Stellungnahme zu dem Bericht ab.7.Bundespräsident fliegt nach UgandaBundespräsident (Horst) Köhler hat die Europäer zu einem stärkeren wirtschaftlichen Engagement in Afrika aufgerufen. Er wünsche sich mehr Unternehmen, die in diese Märkte investierten, sagte Köhler. Zugleich fordert er einen besseren Marktzugang für afrikanische Agrarprodukte in den Industrieländern und den Abbau von Zöllen für verarbeitete Produkte. Der Bundespräsident fliegt an diesem Samstag für mehrere Tage nach Uganda und Ruanda.Das waren die Nachrichten.Texte zum HV 3Teil I: Hörtext …Ich war beim Schönheitschirurgen“Fünf Personen berichten von Schönheitsoperationen, die sie haben durchführen lassen. (bearbeitet nach dem Hörtext im Kapitel 3 vom Barthel 1, Fabouda Verlag, 2006. Etwa 790 Wörter)Person 1Also, ich heiße Roswitha Laft und bin 34 Jahre alt: Ich habe (mir) vor einigen Tagen zum zweiten Mal Botox in die Stirn, zwischen die Augenbrauen und um die Augen herum spritzen lassen. Davor hatte ich viele Jahre lang vieles erfolglos gegen meine Falten ausprobiert, Cremes und sogar Akupunktur. Ich habe schon sehr früh Falten bekommen und sah deswegen immer viel älter aus, als ich tatsächlich bin. Außerdem habe ich so eine Grimmfalte zwischen den Augenbrauen. Ganz oft hat man zu mir gesagt: …Du guckst so ernst. Hast du schlechte Laune?“ Nach den Spritzen war das weg. Das hält ungefähr ein halbes Jahr. Schmerzen habe ich keine. Klar, ich kannnicht mehr so wie früher die Stirn bewegen, also die Stirn runzeln, weil die Muskeln nicht mehr funktionieren, aber das stört mich nicht. Mein Mann ist ganz begeistertund fragt mich immer, was für eine tolle Creme ich nehme. Ich verrate ihm nicht, was ich mache. Schließlich müssen die Männer ja nicht alles wissen.Person 2Ich heiße Franzi Dohlmann und bin 20 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir jetzt vor drei Wochen meine Nase operieren lassen, also gerade machen lassen. Ich hatte nämlich vor einpaar Monaten einen Fahrradunfall mit einem Nasenbruch. Das war zwar nicht so schlimm, aber die Nase ist doch ziemlich schief gewesen. Die Leute haben mich so komisch angeguckt, und auch mein Freund hat manchmal so merkwürdig gelächelt, wenn er mich ansah. Er hat das zwar abgestritten ... Na ja, jedenfalls habe ich mich in der Klinik beraten lassen. Die haben mich zu einem Schönheitschirurgen geschickt,der das gleich in seiner Praxis gemacht hat. Von der Operation habe ich nicht viel gemerkt. In den ersten 10, 12 Tagen kam mir mein Gesicht etwas fremd vor, es hat auch ein bisschen wehgetan. Aber jetzt … jetzt ist alles super. Ich bin froh, dass ich es gemacht habe.Person 3Ich heiße Herbert Lohmann und bin 47 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir im letzten Jahr das Gesicht verschönern lassen. Nachdem sich meine Frau von mir getrennt hatte, warmein Selbstwertgefühl weg. Ich konnte nicht mehr in den Spiegel schauen; mein Gesicht sah aus wie ein ungemachtes Bett. Ich bin dann zum Schönheitschirurgen gegangen. Der hat mir dann die Fettpolster unter den Augen weggenommen, das war das Wichtigste. Außerdem haben mich meine Augenlider gestört. Ich fand, ich sah auswie eine Eule. Der Arzt hat einen kleinen Streifen aus den Augenlidern herausoperiert, dadurch wurden sie straffer. Ja und dann habe ich mir durch Spritzen diese tiefen Denkerfalten in der Stirn wegspritzen lassen. Das geht mit, ich glaube, das heißt Botox. Also, ich habe mit diesen tiefen Furchen immer so ausgesehen wie der Joschka Fischer, der ja auch nicht mehr gucken kann, ohne dass sich sämtliche Probleme der Weltpolitik in seine Stirn eingraben. Man hat mir gesagt, das hält 6 Monate, danach brauche ich wieder ein paar Spritzen.Ich muss sagen, am Anfang war das ganz schön hart. Erstens haben meine Augen sehr wehgetan, ich hatte überall kleine blaue Flecke. Außerdem hatte ich wirklich dasGefühl, da starrt mich eine andere Person an, wenn ich in den Spiegel schaue. Und ich hatte auch das Gefühl, dass ich meine Mimik nicht mehr kontrollieren kann. Inzwischen hat sich das alles gelegt. Ich bin sehr zufrieden und froh, dass ich diese Investition von immerhin 5000 Euro gemacht habe. Ich bin auch wieder verheiratet. Person 4Mein Name ist Pamela Nadel, ich bin 18 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir Fettpolster an der Brust, an der Hüfte und an den Oberschenkeln absaugen lassen. Ich will nämlich Model werden. Und wenn du da an bestimmten Stellen auch nur ein paar Gramm zu viel hast, hast du keine Chance. Das muss alles genau passen 90-60-90! Ich habe es mit Diät probiert. Aber da kriegt man es nie so genau hin. Da nimmt man dann an Stellen ab, wo man es gar nicht will. Mit den Operationen klappt das sozusagen punktgenau. Das ist zwar ganz schön teuer, aber für mich ist das eine Investition in die Zukunft, in meinen Beruf.Person 5Ich heiße Christoph Kuminsky und bin 25 Jahre alt. Ich studiere Sport, mache Krafttraining und nehme auch Muskelaufbaupräparate. Pech ist, dass die Steroide enthalten, das sind Verwandte der weiblichen Geschlechtshormone. Die Folge ist, dass nicht nur die Muskeln, sondern auch die Brust wächst, was unmöglich aussieht. Voll unmännlich! Also habe ich mir die Brust absaugen lassen. Das funktioniert so: Zuerst wird in die Brust eine Flüssigkeit gespritzt, die die störenden Fettzellen auflockern. Dann wird mit ganz dünnen Kanülen das Fett abgesaugt, ich glaube, mit einer Vakuumpumpe. Das war’s dann. Man bekommt übrigens eine Vollnarkose. Gemerkt habe ich nichts. Das Ergebnis ist echt krass: Muskeln an den richtigen Stellen und die Brust wieder wie vorher. Wie sie eben sein muss.Teil II: Nachrichten (26.06.2008, 12:00 UTC Nachrichten der Deutschen Welle)mmert lobt Fairplay bei Deutschland-Türkei-EM-SpielBundestagspräsident Lammert hat die Haltung der deutschen und der türkischenFußballnationalelf sowie der Fans beider Mannschaften bei der Halbfinalbegegnung am Mittwoch gelobt. Zum Auftakt einer Bundestagssitzung sagte er, alle hättenAusschreitungen befürchtet hätten, seien durch die tatsächlichen Ereignisse widerlegt worden. In deutschen Städten, in denen das Spiel auf Großleinwänden übertragen wurde, war es weitgehend ruhig geblieben. Allein in Berlin feierten mehr als eine halbe Million Menschen den Einzug der deutschen Nationalelf ins Finale. Das Endspiel findet am Sonntag in Wien statt. Der Gegner wird nach dem Spiel zwischen Russland und Spanien an diesem Donnerstag feststehen.2.G8-Außenminister beraten in JapanDie Krisenlage in Afghanistan und in Simbabwe stehen ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung von Beratungen der Außenminister aus den sieben größten westlichen Industriestaaten und Russland. Ihre Zusammenkunft im japanischen Kyoto dient der Vorbereitung des G8-Gipfeltreffens der Staats- und Regierungschefs in der erstenJuli-Woche. Weiteres wichtiges Gesprächsthema sind die international umstrittenen Atomprogramme in Nordkorea und im Iran. Es wird erwartet, dass die Führung inPjöngjang eine seit langem geforderte Liste mit Einzelheiten zu ihren umstrittenen Atom-Aktivitäten vorlegt. Die USA hatten in Aussicht gestellt, im Gegenzug Schritte einzuleiten, um das kommunistische Nordkorea von einer Liste derTerrorismus-Unterstützer zu streichen.3.Grenze zum Gazastreifen weiter geschlossenIsrael hält den zweiten Tag in Folge alle Grenzübergänge zum Gazastreifen geschlossen. Das Verteidigungsministerium begründete dies mit dem Bruch der jüngst vereinbarten Waffenruhe durch militante Pa lästinenser. Gleichzeitig wurde eine erneute Öffnung für den morgigen Freitag in Aussicht gestellt. Mitglieder der militanten Palästinenserorganisation …Islamischer Heiliger Krieg“ hatten nach einem israelischen Militäreinsatz im Westjordanland am Dienstag drei Raketen auf die Grenzstadt Sderot abgefeuert. Ein Ende der monatelangen Blockade des Gazastreifens und Warenlieferungen sind Bestandteil der Waffenruhe zwischen Israel und denPalästinensern.4.UN: Afghanistan verdoppelt Opium-AnbauDie weltweite Produktion von Opium hat sich nach Informationen der Vereinten Nationen in letzter Zeit verdoppelt. Allein in Afghanistan sei der Anbau von etwa4.000 Tonnen vor drei Jahren auf mittlerweile 8.200 gestiegen, heißt es im neuesten Welt-Drogenbericht. Auf das Land am Hindukusch entfielen mehr als 90 Prozent der globalen Produktion des Rauschgiftes, das unter anderem zu Heroin weiterverarbeitet wird. Der Schlafmohn wird nach UN-Erkenntnissen vor allem in den fünf südlichen Provinzen angebaut, den Hochburgen der radikal-islamischen Taliban. Diese erzielten mit einer zehnprozentigen Steuer auf die Erlöse der Bauern geschätzte jährliche Einnahmen von 100 Millionen US-Dollar.5.Feiern zum 60. Jahrestag der Berliner Luftbrücke。