布拉格光栅反射光谱的数值仿真
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题 专 班 学 学 目 光纤布拉格光栅反 射光谱的数值仿真 业 光信息科学与技术 级 光信 091 号 3090242007 生 丽 副教授
指导教师 汪
二○一三 年
I
布拉格光栅反射光谱的数值仿真 摘 要
光纤布拉格光栅（fiber Bragg grating，FBG）是一种利用光纤材料的光敏性，在纤芯 内形成空间相位的光栅，其作用实质是在纤芯内形成一个窄带的（透射或反射）滤波器或反 射镜。从上世纪七十年代末诞生以来，经过三十年的发展，它凭借体积小、易与光纤耦合、 可与其它光器件兼容成一体、低耗传输、工作稳定性高、带宽更窄且不受环境尘埃影响等一 系列优异性能，在光纤通信、光纤传感和光信息处理等领域广泛应用。对于反射式光栅布拉 格光栅来说，反射率谱是其特性的重要指标和评估指标，反射率谱的性能是光栅布拉格光栅 的重要性能参数。通过使用耦合模理论推导和传输矩阵推导，我们已经得出了光栅布拉格光 栅反射率谱的理论算方法，可以看出光栅布拉格光栅反射率谱是多个参量的函数，反射率谱 是各个制作参量共同作用的结果。因此，分析不同参数对光栅布拉格光栅反射率谱的影响， 并对不同参数对光栅布拉格光栅反射率谱的影响进行比较，可以帮助我们得到清晰的认识， 获得一种理想的光栅布拉格光栅设计方法，更容易得到想要获取的光栅布拉格光栅的参数。 例如：地球动力学、航天器及船舶航运、民用工程结构、电力工业、医学和化学行业等。正 是基于它独特的工作特性以及广泛的应用，对于FBG的特性研究显得十分重要。 关键词：光纤布拉格光栅、光敏性、光栅、FBG
I
目录
布拉格光栅反射光谱的数值仿真..................................................................................................... I 摘要......................................................................................................................................................I Numerical simulation of the optical fiber Bragg grating reflective spectrum............................ II 第一章 绪 论..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究意义...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究动态、文献综述与分析.................................................................................. 1 1.3 论文的主要研究内容.......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究系统要求...................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 本章小结.............................................................................................................................. 5 第二章 反射谱理论计算概述........................................................................................................... 6 2.1 耦合模理论法....................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 传输矩阵法........................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 有效折射率法....................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 本章小结.............................................................................................................................. 7 第三章 光纤光栅的耦合模理论....................................................................................................... 8 3.1 耦合模式理论...................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 耦合模式理论 FBG 反射率的计算.................................................................................... 9 3.3 传输矩阵法 FBG 反射率的计算...................................................................................... 13 3.4 切趾技术............................................................................................................................ 15 3.4.1 切趾简介................................................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 常用切趾技术和优劣............................................................................................. 16 3.4.4 切趾方法的计算..................................................................................................... 18 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................................ 18 第四章 参数分析............................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 研究意义和手段................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 参数具体讨论..................................................................................................................... 19 4.2.1 FBG 的反射率谱..................................................................................................... 19 4.2.2 反射率谱与光栅长度 L 的关系.............................................................................21 4.2.3 反射率谱与有效折射率 neff 的关系.....................................................................23 4.2.4 反射率谱与折射率调制深度 neff 的关系..............................................................24 4.2.5 反射率谱中光栅长度 L 与折射率调制的关系.....................................................25 4.2.6 高斯切趾对于光纤布拉格光栅反射谱的影响..................................................... 27 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................................. 28 第五章 全文结论............................................................................................................................. 29 致谢................................................................................................................................................... 30 参考文献........................................................................................................................................... 31
Numerical simulation of the optical fiber Bragg grating reflective spectrum ABSTRACT
Fiber Bragg grating material is a photosensitive optical fiber ， in the core space of the phase grating is formed ， and its role within the core essence is to form a narrow band(transmission or reflection)filter or a reflector.From the last century since the birth of the late seventies ， after three years of development ， it is by virtue of a small， easy and fiber coupling，compatible with other optical devices into one， low transmission， job stability， narrower bandwidth without affected by environmental dust and a series of excellent performance in optical communications ， optical sensing and optical information processing and other fields widely used.For reflective grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum features is an important index and assessment index ， reflectivity spectrum performance is one of the important performance parameters of the grating Bragg grating. Is derived by using the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix are derived ， and we have already reached the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum theory calculation method ， it can be seen that the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum is a function of multiple parameters and reflectance spectrum is the result of each production parameter combination. Therefore ， analyzing the influence of different parameters on the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum ， and the influence of different parameters on the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum comparison ， can help us to get clear understanding ， to obtain an ideal grating Bragg grating design method.For example:Geodynamics ， spacecraft and marine shipping ， civil engineering structures， power industry， medicine， and chemical industries.It is based on its unique operating characteristics and a wide range of applications，the characteristics of the FBG is very important. Key words: optical fiber Bragg grating， photosensitivity， grating， FBG
题 专 班 学 学 目 光纤布拉格光栅反 射光谱的数值仿真 业 光信息科学与技术 级 光信 091 号 3090242007 生 丽 副教授
指导教师 汪
二○一三 年
I
布拉格光栅反射光谱的数值仿真 摘 要
光纤布拉格光栅（fiber Bragg grating，FBG）是一种利用光纤材料的光敏性，在纤芯 内形成空间相位的光栅，其作用实质是在纤芯内形成一个窄带的（透射或反射）滤波器或反 射镜。从上世纪七十年代末诞生以来，经过三十年的发展，它凭借体积小、易与光纤耦合、 可与其它光器件兼容成一体、低耗传输、工作稳定性高、带宽更窄且不受环境尘埃影响等一 系列优异性能，在光纤通信、光纤传感和光信息处理等领域广泛应用。对于反射式光栅布拉 格光栅来说，反射率谱是其特性的重要指标和评估指标，反射率谱的性能是光栅布拉格光栅 的重要性能参数。通过使用耦合模理论推导和传输矩阵推导，我们已经得出了光栅布拉格光 栅反射率谱的理论算方法，可以看出光栅布拉格光栅反射率谱是多个参量的函数，反射率谱 是各个制作参量共同作用的结果。因此，分析不同参数对光栅布拉格光栅反射率谱的影响， 并对不同参数对光栅布拉格光栅反射率谱的影响进行比较，可以帮助我们得到清晰的认识， 获得一种理想的光栅布拉格光栅设计方法，更容易得到想要获取的光栅布拉格光栅的参数。 例如：地球动力学、航天器及船舶航运、民用工程结构、电力工业、医学和化学行业等。正 是基于它独特的工作特性以及广泛的应用，对于FBG的特性研究显得十分重要。 关键词：光纤布拉格光栅、光敏性、光栅、FBG
I
目录
布拉格光栅反射光谱的数值仿真..................................................................................................... I 摘要......................................................................................................................................................I Numerical simulation of the optical fiber Bragg grating reflective spectrum............................ II 第一章 绪 论..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究意义...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究动态、文献综述与分析.................................................................................. 1 1.3 论文的主要研究内容.......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究系统要求...................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 本章小结.............................................................................................................................. 5 第二章 反射谱理论计算概述........................................................................................................... 6 2.1 耦合模理论法....................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 传输矩阵法........................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 有效折射率法....................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 本章小结.............................................................................................................................. 7 第三章 光纤光栅的耦合模理论....................................................................................................... 8 3.1 耦合模式理论...................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 耦合模式理论 FBG 反射率的计算.................................................................................... 9 3.3 传输矩阵法 FBG 反射率的计算...................................................................................... 13 3.4 切趾技术............................................................................................................................ 15 3.4.1 切趾简介................................................................................................................. 15 3.4.2 常用切趾技术和优劣............................................................................................. 16 3.4.4 切趾方法的计算..................................................................................................... 18 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................................ 18 第四章 参数分析............................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 研究意义和手段................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 参数具体讨论..................................................................................................................... 19 4.2.1 FBG 的反射率谱..................................................................................................... 19 4.2.2 反射率谱与光栅长度 L 的关系.............................................................................21 4.2.3 反射率谱与有效折射率 neff 的关系.....................................................................23 4.2.4 反射率谱与折射率调制深度 neff 的关系..............................................................24 4.2.5 反射率谱中光栅长度 L 与折射率调制的关系.....................................................25 4.2.6 高斯切趾对于光纤布拉格光栅反射谱的影响..................................................... 27 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................................. 28 第五章 全文结论............................................................................................................................. 29 致谢................................................................................................................................................... 30 参考文献........................................................................................................................................... 31
Numerical simulation of the optical fiber Bragg grating reflective spectrum ABSTRACT
Fiber Bragg grating material is a photosensitive optical fiber ， in the core space of the phase grating is formed ， and its role within the core essence is to form a narrow band(transmission or reflection)filter or a reflector.From the last century since the birth of the late seventies ， after three years of development ， it is by virtue of a small， easy and fiber coupling，compatible with other optical devices into one， low transmission， job stability， narrower bandwidth without affected by environmental dust and a series of excellent performance in optical communications ， optical sensing and optical information processing and other fields widely used.For reflective grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum features is an important index and assessment index ， reflectivity spectrum performance is one of the important performance parameters of the grating Bragg grating. Is derived by using the coupled mode theory and transfer matrix are derived ， and we have already reached the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum theory calculation method ， it can be seen that the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum is a function of multiple parameters and reflectance spectrum is the result of each production parameter combination. Therefore ， analyzing the influence of different parameters on the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum ， and the influence of different parameters on the grating Bragg grating reflectivity spectrum comparison ， can help us to get clear understanding ， to obtain an ideal grating Bragg grating design method.For example:Geodynamics ， spacecraft and marine shipping ， civil engineering structures， power industry， medicine， and chemical industries.It is based on its unique operating characteristics and a wide range of applications，the characteristics of the FBG is very important. Key words: optical fiber Bragg grating， photosensitivity， grating， FBG