初中英语语法总结(完整)
初中英语语法点总结
初中英语语法点总结英语语法是学习英语的重要组成部分,它是我们学习英语的基础,掌握好英语语法对我们的英语学习至关重要。
下面我将对初中英语常见的语法点进行总结,希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握英语语法知识。
一、名词。
1.名词的复数形式。
英语名词的复数形式有规律可循,一般情况下在名词后面加上-s或-es即可。
例如,book—books, box—boxes。
2.不可数名词。
不可数名词是指不能用复数形式的名词,它们通常表示抽象的概念、液体、粉末、食物等。
例如,water, rice, sugar等。
二、代词。
1.人称代词。
人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格用作句子的主语,宾格用作动词或介词的宾语。
例如,I(主格) love English. He(宾格) is talking to her.2.物主代词。
物主代词用来表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
例如,This is my(形容词性) book. The book is mine(名词性).三、动词。
1.动词的时态。
英语动词有多种时态,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
要根据句子的语境正确使用时态。
例如,He reads books every day. She went to Beijing last year. I will go to the park tomorrow.2.动词的语态。
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态,要根据句子的需要正确使用。
例如,Theboy kicked the ball. The ball was kicked by the boy.四、形容词与副词。
1.形容词的比较级和最高级。
形容词的比较级和最高级分别用于比较两者和三者或三者以上的事物。
例如,big—bigger—biggest, good—better—best.2.副词的用法。
副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,它可以表示时间、地点、原因、程度等。
例如,She runs quickly. He speaks English very well.五、连词。
(完整word版)初中英语语法大全[知识点总结
英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如:now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleansthe room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
(完整word版)初中英语语法大全[知识点总结
英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。
如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如:now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleansthe room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
初中英语语法大全归纳总结
初中英语语法大全1、名词(一)概述名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词是万物之名称。
它们可以是: 人的名字Li Ming, Tom 地方名称China,London 职业称呼teacher, doctor物品名称pencil,dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar(二)普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词.这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。
普通名词大致有以下四种类型:1)个体名词个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。
可以指具体的人或物,例如:He has two aunts. 他有两个姑姑。
Most classrooms have computers。
多数教室里都有电脑。
也可指抽象东西,例如:We’ve lived here for twenty years. 我们在这里住了二十年了.I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。
个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用,如:a week,a problem,an old man。
2)集体名词集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面是一些常见的集体名词:family(家,家庭)army(军队)company(公司;全体船员)enemy(敌人)government (政府)group(小组,团体)public(公众)team(队;组) police(警方)集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。
一般说来,视为整体时作单数看待,想到它的有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如:Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 我们公司将派他去柏林工作.有的集体名词多作复数看待。
例如:The police are looking for him. 警察正在找他。
(完整版)初中英语语法总结
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at1(感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界7 along with同……一道,伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信1eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to27 be away from 远离28 be away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from……和什么不一样34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 be glad+to+do/从句39 be going to + v(原)将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像……eg : I'm like my mother49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you59 be sorry to hear that60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass thetest 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as …和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子 because of +短语eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between…and…两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do stheg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了He's bothering me to lend him money82 by the end of 到……为止83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词不要介意……99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing101 enjoy +doing喜欢102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door112 from…to…从某某到某某 eg: From me for her113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦119 get sb to do sth120 get…from…从某处得到某物121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事125 go out away from go out of126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方 have gone to …(地方)去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴134 have sth to do 有什么事要做eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 have…time +doing138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法145 if : 是否=wethereg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方面149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后150 in the north of…什么在什么的北方(north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东)151 in the sun 在太阳下152 increase 增加eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now153 instead of +(名)代替eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说)做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对……来说是个好主意162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样?167 keep out 不让……进入168 keep sb adj 让……保持……eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康169 key to +名词表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to…anser to …key 可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at…取笑……eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng174 learn to do sth 学做某事175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望177 live from :离某地远178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan179 look after = take care of 照顾照看180 lose one's way 谁迷路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bedclean187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成190 make…difference to…191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么192 most +名 most of +代193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词)198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不……eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not…(形、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一点都不203 not…either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐204 not…until 直到……才……eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on one's way to…在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时 in time 及时211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作216 pay for…付……钱 pay the bill 开钱,付钱217 please +do218 please help yourself219 pleased with sb220 pool into = pore into221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢……eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案224 rather…than 宁可……也不……eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫225 regard…as 把……当作……eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人229 say to oneself 对自己说230 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others…一些……另一些……244 start…with…从……开始 begin…with…从……开始245 stay away from 远离……eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥,你最好远离甜食246 stop doing 停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事250 such +名这样,这种251 suit sb 适合某人252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇253 take classes 上课254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ②talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him③talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④talk about 谈论关于……257 talk with sb 和某人说话258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么263 tell…from…264 thank you for +doing265 the same +名词(doing)+as……266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面的方法the way to +地方去哪的路e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English268 the way to…(地点)到哪的269 too…to…太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能…so…that +丛句eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to schoolHe is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into……把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已经做过了274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下275 turn down 开小←→turn up 开大276 turn off 关上←→turn on 打开 open 拆开277 upside down 倒着278 visit to…参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人。
初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)
初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)第一课时名词一、概述1、名词的属性:表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。
2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词是表示某一类人或事物,或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。
如:teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等,专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。
(运用)如:China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。
(专有名词的第一个字母要大写)二、可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物,可以用数来计量的名词,有单复数之分。
如:glass-----glasses; book---- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
如:paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。
3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。
Light travels faster than sound; (light:光线,不可数)The lights are on. (light:灯,可数)4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算,前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量,它的量往往借助于容器来表示。
如:a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milka piece of paper ------ two pieces of papera bag of rice ------ three bags of rice三、可数名词的复数形式(识记、运用)1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分,单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化情况变化形式例词一般情况加-s girls; books;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es classes; boxes; watches;brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i, 加es city---cities; baby---babies以f或fe结尾的名词变f,fe为v, 加es knife---knives; leaf---leaves以O结尾的名词potatoes; tomatoes;photos; kilos; bamboos; radios2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish四、名词所有格(运用)名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式,它也有构成上的变化。
初中英语语法知识点整理总结(超详细),学霸人手一份
初中英语语法知识点整理总结(超详细),学霸人手一份初中英语语法知识点整理总结一、名词(Noun)1. 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词没有复数形式。
2. 名词的复数形式:a. 大多数名词在词尾加-s:book-books, girl-girlsb. 以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的名词在词尾加-es:box-boxes, class-classesc. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i, 再加-es:family-families, baby-babiesd. 以-f, -fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v, 再加-es:leaf-leaves, half-halvese. 一些名词变化不规则:man-men, woman-women, child-children3. 名词的所有格:a. 单数名词在词尾加-'s:Tom's book(汤姆的书)b. 复数名词在词尾加-':the boys' bikes(男孩们的自行车)4. 名词的用法:a. 作主语:A dog is an animal.(狗是一种动物)b. 作宾语:I like apples.(我喜欢苹果)c. 作表语:The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣)d. 作定语:a car key(一把车钥匙)e. 作宾补:I find the movie exciting.(我觉得这部电影很刺激)二、冠词(Article)1. 不定冠词a/an:a. a用于以辅音音素(consonant phoneme)开头的词前:a book(一本书)b. an用于以元音音素(vowel phoneme)开头的词前:an apple(一个苹果)2. 定冠词the:a. 用于特指某一事物或人:the book(这本书)b. 用于上文已提及的事物或人:There is a book. The book is interesting.(这里有一本书。
(完整版)初中英语语法知识点总结
(完整版)初中英语语法知识点总结初中英语语法知识点总结
本文总结了初中英语研究中的一些重要的语法知识点。
1. 时态:
- 现在时:表示现在正在发生的事情。
- 过去时:表示过去已经发生的事情。
- 将来时:表示将来将要发生的事情。
2. 名词:
- 可数名词:可以用数量来表示的名词。
- 不可数名词:不可以用数量来表示的名词。
3. 代词:
- 主格代词:在句子中作主语的代词。
- 宾格代词:在句子中作宾语的代词。
4. 动词:
- 不规则动词:变化形式与规律动词不同的动词。
- 动词时态:动词表示的动作所处的时间。
5. 形容词和副词:
- 形容词:修饰名词的词语。
- 副词:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词语。
6. 冠词:
- 定冠词:表示特指的冠词。
- 不定冠词:表示泛指的冠词。
7. 介词:
- 表示关系或位置的词语。
8. 从句:
- 主从句:包含一个主语和一个谓语的句子。
- 定语从句:用来修饰名词的从句。
- 状语从句:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句。
9. 疑问句:
- 一般疑问句:以助动词开头的疑问句。
- 特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。
10. 语气:
- 肯定句:表示肯定的句子。
- 否定句:表示否定的句子。
以上是初中英语语法的一些基本知识点总结,希望对你的研究有所帮助!。
初中英语语法八大时态总结完整版
初中英语语法八大时态总结完整版一、一般现在时1.定义:表示经常性或习惯性的动作、状态或真理。
2.结构:主语+动词原形(+其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) I go to school every day.(2) He often plays basketball after school.(3) Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.二、一般过去时1.定义:表示过去一些时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.结构:主语+动词的过去式(+其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) They visited their grandparents last weekend.(2) She lived in Beijing when she was young.(3) We studied English in middle school.三、一般将来时1.定义:表示将来一些时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 结构:主语 + will + 动词原形(+ 其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) I will go to the park tomorrow.(3) We will have a party next week.四、现在进行时1.定义:表示现在正在进行的动作。
2. 结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing(+ 其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) She is reading a book right now.(2) They are playing soccer in the park.(3) We are having dinner at the moment.五、过去进行时1.定义:表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作。
2. 结构:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing(+ 其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) He was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.(2) They were traveling in Europe during summer vacation.(3) We were studying when the phone rang.六、将来进行时1.定义:表示将来一些时间正在进行的动作。
初中英语语法大全归纳总结
初中英语语法大全归纳总结一、名词(Noun)1. 名词可分为可数名词(Countable Noun)和不可数名词(Uncountable Noun)。
可数名词有单数和复数形式;不可数名词没有复数形式。
2.可数名词的复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,需根据具体名词的变化规律进行记忆。
3. 名词还可以是单数形式,但表示复数的意义,如:news、knowledge等。
二、代词(Pronoun)1.代词用于代替名词,减少重复性表达。
2. 人称代词包括主格代词(Subject Pronoun)和宾格代词(Object Pronoun)。
3. 物主代词包括形容词性物主代词(Possessive Adjective)和名词性物主代词(Possessive Pronoun)。
4. 反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun)用于表示主语和宾语是同一人或事物。
5. 不定代词(Indefinite Pronoun)指代一个概括的人或物,如:someone、something等。
三、动词(Verb)1. 动词表示行动、存在或状态,分为及物动词(Transitive Verb)和不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)。
2. 动词的形式变化包括一般现在时(Simple Present)、一般过去时(Simple Past)、现在进行时(Present Continuous)、一般将来时(Simple Future)等。
3.动词的时态变化需掌握时态动词的构成规律和具体用法。
四、形容词(Adjective)和副词(Adverb)1.形容词用于修饰名词,描述名词的性质或状态;副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式变化有规律变化和不规则变化两种情况。
五、介词(Preposition)1. 介词用于表示名词或代词与其他单词之间的关系,如:in、on、at等。
2. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrase)是介词加上宾语构成的短语结构。
初中英语语法大全知识点总结
初中英语语法大全知识点总结1. 词类分类名词- 名词是指人、物、地方、抽象概念等的名称。
- 可数名词可以数和分为单数和复数形式,不可数名词不能数。
- 可数名词的复数形式一般在词尾加s,但也有一些特殊变化。
- 名词的作用:主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。
代词- 代词用来代替名词,便于避免重复。
- 人称代词分为第一人称(I,we)、第二人称(you)、第三人称(he,she,it,they)。
- 物主代词表示所有关系,包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
动词- 动词是句子的核心词,用来表示动作、状态或存在。
- 动词的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
形容词- 形容词用来描述名词的特征或状态。
- 形容词有比较级和最高级形式,用来进行比较。
副词- 副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。
- 副词可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
介词- 介词用来表示名词与其他句子成分之间的关系。
- 常见的介词有in,on,at,of,to等。
连词- 连词用来连接词语、短语、从句等。
- 常见的连词有and,but,or,if,because等。
冠词- 冠词包括定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a,an)。
- 定冠词用来特指某个已知的人或事物,不定冠词用来泛指。
2. 句子结构主谓结构- 主谓结构是最基本的句子结构,由主语和谓语构成。
主谓宾结构- 主谓宾结构在主谓结构的基础上加上宾语。
- 宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或不定式等。
主系表结构- 主系表结构由主语、系动词和表语构成。
- 系动词用来连接主语和表语,表示主语的状态、特征等。
否定句- 否定句中加入not,表示否定的意思。
一般疑问句- 一般疑问句是以助动词或be动词开头的问句。
- 对一般疑问句的回答可以用yes或no。
特殊疑问句- 特殊疑问句用来询问特定的信息,以特殊疑问词开头。
祈使句- 祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议等,一般省略主语。
感叹句- 感叹句用来表示强烈的感情或意见,一般以感叹词开头。
(完整版)初中英语语法知识点归纳
(完整版)初中英语语法知识点归纳本文将为大家归纳总结初中英语语法知识点,旨在帮助初中生更好地掌握英语语法。
时态一般现在时1. 动词原形表示现在的事实或惯。
2. 表示普遍真理、经常性行为或个人常规。
现在进行时1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。
2. 动词+ing形式。
一般过去时1. 表示过去发生的事情。
2. 动词过去式。
过去进行时1. 表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
2. was/were + 动词+ing形式。
一般将来时1. 表示将来的动作或状态。
2. will/shall + 动词原形。
语态主动语态1. 表示主语是动作的执行者。
2. 主语 + 动词原形。
被动语态1. 表示主语是动作的承受者。
2. be + 过去分词。
比较级与最高级比较级1. 用于比较两个人或物。
2. 形容词 + er。
最高级1. 用于比较三个或更多人或物。
2. 形容词 + est。
祈使句祈使句1. 表示请求、命令、建议或劝告。
2. 动词原形。
倒装句倒装句1. 将助动词或情态动词提前至主语之前。
2. 系动词be的倒装句:is/am/are/was/were + 主语。
直接引语与间接引语直接引语1. 直接引用他人的话。
2. 用引号将原话括起来。
间接引语1. 用自己的话转述他人的话。
2. 没有引号。
以上是初中英语语法的主要知识点归纳。
希望这份文档能够帮助到您更好地学习和掌握英语语法知识。
初中英语语法总结整理完整版
初中英语语法总结整理完整版一、名词1.名词的单复数变化规则:一般情况下,在名词后加-s表示复数;以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的名词,复数形式一般在末尾加-es;以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es;以f或fe结尾的名词,复数形式一般变f或fe为ves;部分名词复数形式不规则,需要记忆。
2.可数名词与不可数名词:可数名词有单数和复数之分,可以用a/an修饰;不可数名词没有单数和复数之分,不能用a/an修饰,但可以用some 修饰。
3.名词所有格的表示方法:对于一般的名词,通常在名词后加的’s表示所有格;对于以s结尾的名词,只需在名词后加一个’即可。
4.名词的用法:作主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语等。
二、代词1.人称代词:主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they;宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them;形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their;名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs。
2.反身代词:指主语与宾语在人称与单复数上一致,且宾语指的是主语本身。
3.指示代词:近指:this, these;远指:that, those。
4.不定代词:all, both, some, any, no等。
5.代词的用法:作主语、宾语、表语、定语和宾补等。
三、形容词1.形容词的比较级和最高级:一般在形容词后加-er表示比较级,加-est表示最高级;以e结尾的形容词,直接加-r表示比较级,加-st表示最高级;以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-er表示比较级,加-est表示最高级;以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的形容词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er表示比较级,加-est表示最高级;部分形容词比较级和最高级不规则,需要记忆;比较级和最高级前可加much, even, a little, a lot等修饰。
初中英语语法(完整版)
初中英语语法(完整版)一.名词I.名词的种类:II. 名词的数:1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:III. 名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s 构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
3. of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
I.I.代词可以分为以下七大类:II. 不定代词用法注意点:1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
中考英语语法知识总结(全)
初中英语语法•名词1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法表示"某人家""店铺",所有格 后名词省略house Japan ’ s and America ’ s problems, Jane ’ s an bikesd Mary ' s表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词 末加’sJapan and America’ s problems, Jane and Mary's father,my uncle ' sthe doctor ’ s, the barber ’ s, the tailor 以s 结尾的人名所有格加’或者’ 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加 构成,二是由介词 of 加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾 均须加’sDicke ns ’ no vels, Charles ’ s job, the Smiths ’冠词分为不定冠词(a, an ),定冠词(the ),和零冠词。
s in dustrys end(3. of 所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西: the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时: ________ t he classrooms of the first-year stude nts用于名词化的词: the struggle of the oppressed二•冠词1) one 可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为one& some多用于肯定句,any 多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should lear n to thi nk of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don ' t have any bookmarks.I have some questio ns to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
初中英语语法大全(精华版)
初中英语语法大全(精华版)一、动词时态1. 一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
例如:He goes to school bike every day.(他每天骑自行车上学。
)2. 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如:She visited her grandparents last weekend.(她上周末去看望了她的祖父母。
)3. 一般将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例如:We will have a sports meeting next month.(下个月我们将举行一场运动会。
)4. 现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:The boy is reading a book in the library.(这个男孩正在图书馆看书。
)5. 过去进行时:表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:They were watching TV when I called them last night.(昨晚我给他们打电话时,他们正在看电视。
)6. 现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如:I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的家庭作业。
)二、名词1. 名词的分类:名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。
2. 名词的数:可数名词的复数形式通常在词尾加s或es。
例如:books(书),pencils(铅笔)。
3. 名词的所有格:表示某物属于某人或某事物的关系。
例如:Tom's book(汤姆的书),the teacher's desk(老师的桌子)。
三、冠词1. 不定冠词:a和an。
a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。
例如:a dog(一条狗),an apple(一个苹果)。
2. 定冠词:the。
表示特指,指某个特定的人或事物。
初中英语语法总结
3就初中英语语法总结来源:普特英语网1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+doeg:I like watching monkeys jump2 (比较级+ and + 比较级)表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界7 along with同……一道,伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for ……求助, 向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始15 at the end of +地点/+时间: 最后,尽头,末尾.eg : At the end of the day16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test18 be + doing :1 现在进行时2 将来时19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to27 be away from 远离28 be away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于……32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 be glad+to+do/从句39 be going to + v(原)将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……41 be good for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表**的缩写eg: 陶is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sbeg : I am sorry for you59 be sorry to hear that60 be sorry to trouble sbeg : I am sorry to trouble you61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as … 和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 从句76 because+句子because of +短语eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 betwe en…and… 两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打扰(bother sb to do sth)eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了He's bothering me to lend him money82 by the end of 到……为止83 call sb stheg : We call him old wang84 care 关心eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?92 dance to 随着……跳舞eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意……99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing 以……结束101 enjoy +doing喜欢102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样eg : I find the book interesting109 finish 完成+doing(名词)110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door112 from…to… 从某某到某某eg: From me to her113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth120 get…from… 从某处得到某物121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事125 go out away from go out of126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方)去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴134 have sth to do 有什么事要做eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 have…time +doing138 have…(时间)…off 放……假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面)help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法145 if : 是否=wethereg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方面149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方(north 北sowth 南west 西east 东)151 in the sun 在太阳下152 increase 增加eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%153 instead of +(名)代替eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说)做某事怎么样It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It's important to me163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样?167 keep out 不让…… 进入168 keep sb adj 让……保持……eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康169 key to +名词表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at… 取笑……eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng174 learn to do sth 学做某事175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望eg :We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望177 live from :离某地远178 live in +大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan179 look after = take care of 照顾照看180 lose one's way 谁迷路eg : Lose your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事eg : I made him write 我以前让他写189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成190 make…difference to…191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么192 most +名most of +代193 much too +形容词194 must be 一定195 need +名词需要……196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事197 need to do (实义动词)need do (情态动词)199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不……eg: He didn't cry any more / He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副)at alleg: He's not tall at all.She doesn't junp far at all202 not…at all 一点都不203 not…either 表否定,也不eg : I don't japanse either.I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐204 not…until 直到……才……eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back .The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth / offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人eg : I offer you water / I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on one's way to… 在去……的路上208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时in time 及时211 one day =some day =someday 一天,将来有一天212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again215 part-time job 兼职工作full-time job 全职工作216 pay for… 付……钱pay the bill 开钱,付钱217 please +do218 please help yourself 请随意219 be pleased with sb 对某人感到满意220 pour into 川流不息的涌入,源源而来221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢……eg : I prefer physics to chemisty. 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving .他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one. 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车。
初中英语语法总结
初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结一)在后面加s。
如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)x后加es。
如:boxes, glasses, dwatches, waxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-dudy- comedies, documentary-documenta-2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。
如:day-days, boy-b--keys, ways四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。
如:rad但如是辅音加o 的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。
如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:deer鹿子apanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,paglasses, gloves, cl八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。
如:avie-aval-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。
如:man doctor-mendwoman teacher-women teachers十)有的单复数意思不同。
如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange 桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数鸡肉小鸡十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。
初中英语语法总结(全集)
初中英语语法总结(全集)1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg :I’m afraed to go out at night I’m afraid of dog22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg:I’m allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg :Don’t be angry with me24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长,善于……41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像…… eg :I’m like my mother49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg:陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg :He’s strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg:I’m sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: I’m suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子 because of +短语eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between…and… 两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen80 both = the same(as) = not different(from)表相同81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do stheg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了He’s bothering me to lend him money82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don’t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don’t mind +doing /从句 /名词不要介意……99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don’t forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)114 get a part—time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since132 have been t o …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方)去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble (problem)(in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 have…time +doing138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth \one’s sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法145 if : 是否=wethereg: I don’t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He don’t know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does’t rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方面149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东)151 in the sun 在太阳下152 increase 增加eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%他们把石油价增加了3%the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now153 instead of +(名)代替eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 It’s +adj +to do 做某事怎么样159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样It’s +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样160 It’s +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说)做某事怎么样It’s +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg :It’s nice of you to help me with my English161 It’s a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意162 It’s important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It’s important to me163 It’s time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间eg : It’s time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样?167 keep out 不让…… 进入168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康169 key to +名词表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don’t langh at others We langhed at the joke172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng174 learn to do sth 学做某事175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望177 live from :离某地远178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan179 look after = take care of 照顾照看180 lose one's way 谁迷路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成190 make…difference to…191 mind sb to do mind one’s doing 介意……做什么192 most +名 most of +代193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词)198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all202 not…at all 一点都不203 not…either 表否定,也不 eg :I don’t japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐204 not…until 直到……才……eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on one’s way to… 在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时 in time 及时211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall—time job 全职工作216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱,付钱217 please +do218 please help yourself219 pleased with sb220 pool into = pore into221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案224 rather…than 宁可……也不……eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫225 regard…as 把……当作……eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人229 say to oneself 对自己说230 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh ,It’s only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book。
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英语时态讲解【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。
时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。
动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。
将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。
英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。
要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。
2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。
与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。
We are having English class.我们正在上英语课。
3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。
They have lived in Beijing for five years.他们在北京已经住了5年了。
4.一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。
常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago;He used to smoke a lot.他过去抽烟比较厉害。
5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008.在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。
6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till )They finished earlier than we had expected.他们提前完成了(工作)。
7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。
常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我明天就要离开北京。
8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。
9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。
如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。
(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
)英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。
(1)一般现在时基本形式(以do为例):第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;He works for us.否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;He doesn't work for us.一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does).否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn'tWhat does he do for us?He works for us.(2)一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词例如:Did he work for us?He didn't work for us.He worked for us.(3)一般将来时am/are/is+going to+do 或will/shall+doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+动词原形will + 动词原形;例如:He is going to work for us.He will work for us;He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!(4)过去将来时be(was,were)going to+动词原形be(was,were)about to+动词原形be(was,were)to+动词原形肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?He would work for us.(5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book.第一人称+am+doing+sth第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)第三人称+is+doing+sth例:He is working.(6)过去进行时在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
例如:While he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。
(两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。
(两个动作同时进行)肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I主语+was/we re./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它He was working when he was alive.(7)将来进行时主语+will + be +现在分词He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8)过去将来进行时should(would)+be+现在分词He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work f or us.(9)现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10)过去完成时过去完成时(past perfect):个事件。
②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。
句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。
He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。
(因为“说”said 就是过去式,而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去,所以用过完而不用现完。
1. by the end of last year. By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words.2. By the time sb. +动词过去式如:The bus had already left by the time I got there.基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他肯定回答:Yes,主语+had否定回答:No,主语+hadn't④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)语法判定:( 1 )by + 过去的时间点。
如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.( 2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如:We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.( 3 )before + 过去的时间点。