Electromagnetic Diffraction in Optical Systems. I. An Integral Representation of the Image Field

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GB-T12604.2-1990-术语-射线检测

1 主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了在射线检测的一般概念，射线检测设备、器件和材料，射线检测GB/T 12604.2-19902.13 硬射线　—X hard X rays穿透能力较强射线的定性描述。

X 2.14 核素　nuclide核内具有特定数目的中子和质子并具有同一能态的一类原子。

核素一般分为具有放射性的放射性核素，和不具有放射性的稳态核素。

前者可在一时间周期内衰变并放射出，α，或射线，或它们的组合。

βγ2.15 同位素　isotope原子核内具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数，但在元素周期表中处于同—位置的一些核素。

例如氢的同位素包括，及 H H 三种核素 H , 为放射性核素。

H 2.16 粒子　αalpha particle为某些放射性核素所射出的带正电荷粒子，它由两个质子和两个中子所组成，等同于—氦原子的核。

2.17 射线　γgamma rays放射性核素衰变所产生的有穿透力的电磁辐射。

2.18 低能辐射　γlow energy gamma radiation能量低于的射线。

200keV γ2.19 活度　activity放射源中每单位时间所产生的核蜕变数。

2.20 贝克勒尔　(Bq)becquerel每秒发生一次核蜕变的任何放射性核素的量。

2.21 居里　(Ci)curie放射性核素量单位。

一居里表示每秒产生×3.7001010个核蜕变。

注：此单位现已为贝克勒尔所取代＝×(1Ci 3.701010。

Bq)2.22 放射性比度　specific activity 放射性核素每单位质量的活度。

2.25 衰变曲线　decay curve自发蜕变放射源的活度对时间的关系曲线。

2.24 半衰期　half life放射性原子衰变到给定数一半所需的时间。

2.25 康普顿散射　Compton scatter由或射线的光子与电子相互作用所引起的一种散射。

光子的能量会受到损失，散X γ射线与入射束成一角度。

XRD简介（英文）

Optical related technologyX-ray DiffractionAbstract:X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology is widely used in materials characterization. Identify chemistry constituents of the product, analyze the space group, lattice parameter and etc. In this article, I will introduce the principle of XRDincluding the diffractometer and simple application with the XRD pattern.Introduction1.X-ray is a kind of electromagnetic radiation generated by the inner electron transition. Its wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10nm. X-ray photons with a short wavelength (below 0.2nm) have the energies above 5keV. Therefore comes the penetrating ability [1]. Moreover, X-ray interact with matter and project the matter’s information in X-ray diffraction pattern.As result, X-ray are widely used to image the inside of the object and is thought highly in the field medical radiography and material characterization.2.X-ray diffraction is an interaction between X-ray and matter.Consider the materialas lattice as show at figure 1. Consider thesituation as what we had learned-the Rayleigh scattering. Insome direction, we can detect the interference of two narrowX-ray beams, and constructive interference meet the opticalpath difference:2dsinθ=nλ (n=0,1,2…).Kwon as the Bragg’s law. d is the distance between two particles, θis the angle between incident X-ray and lattice plane,λis the wavelength of X-ray.We can learn from the equation that the constructive interonly happen in some particular angle since the wavelength and the distance(consider as the grating constant) are fixed for one material, and for the three dimensional world we have three constant marked as (h k l) to describe the space group. Nevertheless, is hard to directly detect the 3D pattern, instead, we introduce the spherical projection pattern and develop some mathematical translation to restructurethe 3D condition shows at figure 2. We canlearn the direction and distance from thespherical coordinate. Let’s go over theprocedure of XRD. First we shot a X-ray to thesample and get its diffraction pattern and readthe information from the 2D pattern[2].3.X-ray Diffractometer is high integration optical apparatus shows at figure 3. The X-ray source usuallychooses Cu as target material applying hot electrons whichaccelerated by high voltage and generate X-ray [3]. Sampleplatform and detector link together and rotate along thehorizontal spherical center axis. We can also have thesample platform and detector fixed and rotate the X-ray gun.We introduce the concept of resolution to evaluate thequality of the X-ray Diffractometer. A strong and stable X-raygenerator is necessary. The other condition is the minimumangle which the machine can stable rotate. The resolutionusually plays an important role in quantifying analysis suchas determine the doping ratio by measure the XRD peak offset.Simple analysis with XRD patternAssume we have got our XRD pattern file, we can import them into XRD analysis software “jade” shows at figure 4. As we already talk about that XRD can identify the space group of the crystal material. If we get the standard XRD pattern (verified by other method). We can compare our XRD pattern to the standard pattern (PDF) and see whether the diffraction peak match. In figure 4, I take the Lead sulfur (PbS) as an example. The mountain like curve is the XRD pattern we detect from the X-ray Diffractometer, x axis is 2θ/degree and the y axis represent the intensity; Vertical line is PDF, it marks the position and intensity of the standard diffraction pattern of PbS. So we can read the crystal parameter from the PDF information: space group Fm-3m (No.225), the size of the cell is 5.9362*5.95362*5.9362<90*90*90>we can know the shape of PbS cell is almost cube. But we still need SEM and TEM technology to precise determine, recall the XRD characterization procedure, we only learn the information from PDF. If you have a deeper look on the XRD pattern in figure 4, the XRD pattern peak unitary slightly offset to the left against thePDF’s. It suggest s the PbS sample has a smaller size than the PDF’s standard si ze. We can calculate the exact size by applying mathematics butI won’t go that further.Conclusion and expectationIn this article, we discussed the principle of X-ray, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Diffractometer and X-ray diffraction pattern. It turns out the XRD technology is so convenient to image the inside of the matter. But we also see the shortcoming of this technique: 3D to 2D projection lose some information and fail to detect the absorption information. I suggest having more detector in different position to improve the accuracy and tunable X-ray source to determine the absorption of the material.Reference[1]https:///wiki/X-ray[2] <晶体学基础>秦善[3]X衍射以及其应用简介—陶琨（清华大学）。

物理英文术语及常用词汇

物理英文术语及常用词汇物理英文术语及常用词汇为了方便广大考生更好的'复习,店铺整理了物理英语术语及常用词汇,以供各位考生考试复习参考。

希望对考生复习有所帮助。

物理英文术语及常用词汇篇1力 force重力 gravity摩擦力 friction拉力 traction质量 mass惯量 Interia加速度 acceleration力矩 torque静止 at rest相对 relative能量 energy动能 kenetic energy势能 potential energy功 work动量 momentum角动量 angular momentum能量守恒 energy conservation保守力 conserved force振动 vibration振幅 amplitude波 wave驻波 standing wave震荡 oscillation相干波 coherent wave干涉 interference衍射 diffraction轨道 obital速度 velocity速率 speed大小 magnatitude方向 direction水平 horizental竖直 vertical相互垂直 perpendicular坐标 coordinate直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system 极坐标系 polar coordinate system弹簧 spring球体 sphere环 loop盘型 disc圆柱形 cylinder电学磁学：电子 electron电荷charge电流 current电场 electric field电通量 electric flux电势electirc potential导体 conductor电介质 dieletric绝缘体 insultalor电阻 resistor电阻率 resistivity电容capacitor无穷 infinite横截面 cross ection匀强电场 uniform electric field分布 ditribution磁场 magnetic field磁通量 magnetic flux电感 inductance变压器 transformer频率 frequency周期 period电磁波 electomagnetic wave平面 plane热学：热平衡 thermal equilibrium理想气体 ideal gas热能 thermal energy热量 heat热容 heat capacity外界 surrounding准静态过程 quasi-static process等体过程 isochoric process等压过程 isobaric process等温过程 isothermal process绝热过程 adiabatic process循环 cycle光学光 light光程 optical path光强度 light intensity偏振 polarization 波长 wave length 传播 propagation量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点）原子 atomic 光子 photon光电效应 photo-electric effect物质波 matter wave光谱 spectrum激光 laser衰减 decay辐射 radiation械振动 mechanical vibration简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation振幅 amplitude周期 period频率 ferquency赫兹 hertz单摆 simple pendulum受迫振动 forced vibration共振 resonnance机械波 mechanical wave介质 medium横波 transverse wave纵波 longitudinal wave波长 wavelength超声波 supersonic wave阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant布朗运动 Brown mation热运动 thermal motion热力学能 thermal energy内能 internal energy热力学第一定律 first law of thermodynamics 能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics 各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy单晶体 single crystal(monocrystal)多晶体 ploycrystal表面张力 surface tension毛细现象 capillarity液晶 liquid crystal电荷 electric charge电荷量 queantity df electricity正电荷 positive charg负电荷 negative charg库仑定律 Coulomb law静电感应 electrostatic induction感应电荷 inducde charge元电荷 elementary charge电荷守恒定律 law of conservation of charge库仑（电荷单位） coulomb电场 electric fileld电场强度 electric field strength电场线 electric potential电势 electric potential电势差/电压 electric potential difference伏特 volt电容 capacitance电容器 capacitor法拉（电容单位） farad电流 electric current安培（电流单位） ampere电阻 resistance欧姆（电阻单位） ohm电动势 electormotive force(e.m.f.)半导体 semiconductor超导体 superconductor磁性 magnetism磁场 magnetic field磁感线 magnetic induction line安培定则 Ampere rule安培力 Ampere force磁感应强度 magnetic induction左手定则 left-hand rule洛伦兹力 Lorentz force磁通量 magnetic flux电磁感应 elctromagnetic induction感应电流 induction current感应电动势 induction electromotive force电磁感应定律 law of electromagnetic induction 右手定则 right-hand rule自感 self-induction交流 alternating current瞬时值 instantaneous value峰值 peak value有效值 effective value电感 inductance变压器 transformer电能 electric energy电磁场 electromagnetic field电磁波 electromagnetic wave雷达 radar光线 light ray平行光 parallel light实象 real image虚象 virtual image折射 refaction入射角 incident angle反射角 reflection angle折射角 diffraction angle折射率 diffraction index全反射 total reflection临界角 critical angle光导纤维 optical fiber棱镜 prism色散 dispersion光谱 spectrum波的衍射 diffraction of wave波的干涉 interference of waves 红外线 infrared ray紫外线 ultraviolet rayX射线 X-ray电磁波谱 electromagnetic effect 光电效应 photoelectric effect光子 photon普朗克常数 Planck constant波粒二象性 wave-particle duality 概率波 probability wave物质波 matter wave电子 electron质子 proton中子 neutron核子 nucleon同位数 isotope原子核 nucleus能级 energy level基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition放射性 radioactivityα射线α rayβ射线β rayγ射线γ ray衰变 decay核反应 nuclear reaction核能 nuclear energy质能方程 mass-energy equation裂变 fission链式反应 chain reaction聚变 fusion热核反应 thermonuclear reaction介子 meson轻子 lepton强子 hadron物理英文术语及常用词汇篇2AAbsolute acceleration 绝对加速度Absolute error 绝对误差Absolute motion 绝对运动Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute velocity 绝对速度Absolute zero 绝对零度Absorption 吸收Absorptivity 吸收率Accelerated motion 加速运动Acceleration of gravity重力加速度Acceleration 加速度Accidental error 偶然误差Acoustics 声学Acting force 作用力Adjustment 调节Aether 以太Air pump 抽气机Air table 气垫桌Air track 气垫导轨Alternating current circuit 交流电路Alternating current generator交流发电机Alternating 交流电Altimeter 测高仪Ammeter 安培计Amperemeter 电流计Ampere 安培Ampere’s experiment 安培试验Ampere’s force 安培力Ampere’s law 安培定律Amperemeter 安培计Amplitude 振幅Angle of rotation 自转角转动角Angular acceleration 角加速度Angular displacement 角位移Angular velocity 角速度Anion 负离子Anisotropy 各向异性AnnihilationAnode 阳极Antenna 天线Applied physics 应用物理学Archimedes principle阿基米德原理Area 面积Argumentation 论证Argument 辐角Astigmatoscope 散光镜Atomic nucleus 原子核Atomic physics 原子物理学Atomic spectrum 原子光谱Atomic structure 原子结构Atom 原子Atwood’s machine阿特伍德机Average power 平均功率Average velocity 平均速度Avogadroconstant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律Bbalance 天平ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计band spectrum 带状谱barometer 气压机basic quantity 基本量basic units 基本单位battery charger 电池充电器battery accumulator 蓄电池battery 电池组beam 光束betatron 电子感应加速器Bohr atom model 波尔原子模型Boiling point 沸点Boiling 沸腾Bounce 反弹Bound charge 束缚电荷Bound electron 束缚电子Branch circuit 支路Breakdown 击穿Brightness 亮度Buoyancy force 浮力CCalorifics 热学camera 照相机capacitance 电容capacitor 电容器capillarity 毛细现象cathode ray 阴极射线cathode－ray tude 阴极射线管cathode 阴极cation 正离子cell 电池Celsius scale 摄氏温标Centre of gravity 重心Centre of mass 质心Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal acceleration 向心加速度Centripetal force 向心力Chain reaction 链式反应Chaos 混沌Characteristic spectrum 特征光谱Charged body 带电体Charged particle 带电粒子Charge 充电Circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射Circular motion 圆周运动Classical mechanics 经典力学Classical physics 经典物理学Cloud chamber 云室Coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数Coefficient of restitution 恢复系数Coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数Coefficient 系数Coil 线圈Collision 碰撞Component force 分力Coherent light 相干光源Component velocity 分速度Composition of forces 力的合成Composition of velocities 速度的合成Compression 压缩Concave lens 凹透镜Concave mirror 凹面镜Concurrent force 共点力Condensation 凝结Condenser 电容器Conducting medium 导电介质Conductor 导体Conservative force field 保守立场Conservative force 保守力Constant force 恒力Constant 常量Continuous spectrum 连续谱Convergent lens 会聚透镜Convex lens 凸透镜Convex mirror 凸面镜Coordinate system 坐标系Coplanar force 共面力Corolis force 科里奥利力Corpuscular property 例子性Corpuscular theory 微粒说Coulomb force 库仑力Coulomb 库仑Coulomb’s law库仑定律counter 计数器creation 产生creepage 漏电crest 波峰critical angle 临界角critical resistance 临界电阻critical temperature 临界温度crystal 晶体current density 电流密度current element 电流元current source电流源current strength 电流强度curvilinear motion 曲线运动cyclotron 回旋加速器DDamped vibration 阻尼震动Damping 阻尼Daniell cell 丹尼尔电池Data processing 数据处理Data 数据Decay衰变Definition of ampere 安培的定义Defocusing 散集Density 密度Derived quantity 导出量Derived unit 导出单位Dielectric 电介质Diffraction pattern衍射图样Diffraction 衍射Diffuse reflection 漫反射Digital timer 数字计时器Dimensional exponent量纲指数Dimension 量纲Diode 二极管Diopter 屈光度Direct current 直流（dc）Direct impact 正碰Direct measurement 直接测量Discharge 放电Disorder 无序物理英文术语及常用词汇篇3physics 物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify (动词)放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光(学)的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的【物理英文术语及常用词汇】。

物理光学英语

物理光学英语The Fascinating World of Physical OpticsLight is a fundamental aspect of our universe, and the study of its behavior and interactions with matter is known as physical optics. This field of study encompasses a wide range of phenomena, from the simple reflection and refraction of light to the complex interactions of light with various materials and structures. In this essay, we will delve into the captivating world of physical optics and explore some of its key concepts and applications.At the heart of physical optics is the understanding of the nature of light itself. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, characterized by its wavelength and frequency. The wave-particle duality of light is a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics, which states that light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. This dual nature of light is the foundation for many of the phenomena observed in physical optics.One of the most fundamental concepts in physical optics is the behavior of light as it interacts with different materials. When light encounters a surface, it can undergo reflection, refraction, orabsorption, depending on the properties of the material. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, and the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. Refraction, on the other hand, occurs when light bends as it passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index. This phenomenon is responsible for the apparent bending of objects when viewed through water or a prism.Another important aspect of physical optics is the interference of light. When two or more light waves interact, they can either constructively or destructively interfere, resulting in a pattern of bright and dark regions. This phenomenon is the basis for many optical devices, such as lasers and holographic displays. Interference can also be used to measure small distances and detect the presence of thin films or coatings on surfaces.Diffraction is another fascinating concept in physical optics. When light encounters an obstacle or an aperture, it can bend and spread out, creating a diffraction pattern. This effect is particularly noticeable when light passes through a small slit or a grating, and it is the underlying principle behind many optical instruments, such as telescopes and microscopes.In addition to these fundamental concepts, physical optics also encompasses the study of polarization, which describes the orientation of the electric field in a light wave. Polarization can beused to study the structure and properties of materials, as well as to create specialized optical devices, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and optical filters.The applications of physical optics are vast and varied, spanning a wide range of industries and fields of study. In telecommunications, for example, optical fibers are used to transmit data over long distances, taking advantage of the low-loss and high-bandwidth properties of light. In medicine, lasers are used for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as eye surgery and cancer treatment. In the field of astronomy, telescopes and other optical instruments are essential for observing and studying the universe.Furthermore, the principles of physical optics are also applied in the development of new materials and technologies. For instance, the study of photonic crystals, which are materials with a periodic structure that can control the flow of light, has led to the creation of novel optical devices and sensors.In conclusion, physical optics is a fascinating and dynamic field of study that encompasses a wide range of phenomena and applications. From the fundamental principles of light behavior to the cutting-edge developments in optical technologies, the study of physical optics continues to push the boundaries of ourunderstanding of the physical world and the universe around us. As we continue to explore and unravel the mysteries of light, the possibilities for new discoveries and innovations in this field are truly limitless.。

微纳尺度制造工程-华中科技大学光学与电子信息学院

光学与电子信息学院集成电路工程领域、软件工程领域学位硕士研究生课程简介1）微纳图形技术：主要有微纳图形的掩膜制备，微纳图形的形成教材：《微纳尺度制造工程》（第三版），斯蒂芬A.坎贝尔著，北京市：电子工业出版社主要参考书：1. 《微纳加工导论》，Sami Franssila著，北京市：电子工业出版社2•《微纳传感器与应用》，朱勇，张海霞编，北京市：北京大学出版社3. 《微纳加工科学原理》，唐天同编，北京市：电子工业出版社课程名称：Fabrication Engineering at the Micro- and 课程代码：182.573Nano scale课程组教师姓名职称专业年龄学术方向Fan Guifen AssociateProf. Microelectr onicsand solid stateelectr onics39 Information of functionalmaterials and devicesEducation Experience:Sep,1993-July,1997 Hubei Un iversity, Departme nt of chemistry,Bachelor DegreeSep,2002-July,2007 Huazho ng Uni versity of Scie nee and Tech no logy,Departme nt of Electr onic Science and tech no logy, PhD DegreeSep,2007-Mar,2009 Huazho ng Un iversity of Scie nee and Tech no logy, School of materials scie nee and Engin eeri ng ,postdoctorMar,2009 to now Huazho ng Uni versity of Scie nee and Tech no logy, Collegeof optical and electr onic in formati on ,teacherAcademic QualificationThe main research field is Information of functional materials and devices. She rece ntly has completed a study on the n atural scie nee foun dati on of Hubei province (2008CDB283), Chi na Postdoctoral Scie nee Foun dation (20080440138), the Doctora Fund of Ministry of education (20100142120091) et al. At present, she has successively published over 20 importa nt papers in domestic and foreig n publicati onsCourse ObjectiveMicro and nano fabrication is a multidisciplinary discipline which has been usedwidely and developed rapidly .It has bee n applied for in tegrated circuit, in tegrated Optics, MOEMS, Micro-se nsing, mesoscopic and qua ntum effect devices, etc. During the class, the students will learn micro and nano fabrication techniques, an alysis and characterizati on tech niq ues for fine structure and applicati on of micro and nano tech no logies. The purpose of teach ing for stude nts is to:1. Know the history and trend of micro and nano process ing tech no logies.2. Know the various processing techniques and principles of fine structure.3. Know nano fabricati on tech no logy applicati ons and related measureme nt tech niq ues.NO8. Course content and class hour planContent of coursesChapl. Introduction (4 class hours) Describe the sig nifica nee, applicati ons and trends of micro and nano fabricati on tech no logies,Chap2. Basics for micro and nano fabrication (4 class hours) Main con te nts1. Light wave and Photonic: the electromagnetic spectrum, diffraction, optical coherenee, theory of wave optics con focal imag ing, method for gen erati ng an ultraviolet and X-ray phot ons to con trol short wavele ngth2. Electro nics and Electro n Beam: electro n emissi on, electro n gun, Electro n beamfocus in g, imag ing, and deflecti on3. Gas discharge and plasma: gas discharge, plasma, plasma chemical properties; Chap3. Main substrate material for micro and nano fabrication(4 class hours)The mai n materials are semic on ductor materials, dielectric material, glass, polymeric material, and other special fine structure materials.Chap4. Micro and nano fabrication technologies (10 class hours)1. Micro and nano graphic tech no logies: mask preparatio n, exposure lithography, micro and nano graph ' s lithography, development, and stripping.2. Thick film depositi on3. Etch ing tech niq ue: remove material layer selectively4. Epitaxial growth -growth the same (or close to) the crystal structure on the substrateRefere nee Books1. Fabricati on Engin eeri ng at the Micro- and Nano scale (Third Editi on). Stephe n A. Campbell, Beiji ng, Electro nic In dustry Press2. Nanofabrication scientific principles, Tang tiantong. Beijing, Electronic Industry Press3. Micro-nano sen sor and its applicati on, Zhu yong, Beiji ng, Peking Un iversity Press4. I ntroductio n to Microfabricati on. Sami Fran ssila., Beij ng, Electro nic In dustry Press。

光学专业词汇大全

光学专业词汇大全Accelaration 加速度 Myopia-near-sighted 近视Sensitivity to Light 感光灵敏度boost 推进lag behind 落后于Hyperopic-far-sighted远视visual sensation视觉ar Pattern 条状图形approximate近似adjacent 邻近的normal 法线Color Difference色差V Signal Processing 电视信号处理back and forth 前后vibrant 震动quantum leap 量子越迁derive from 起源自inhibit 抑制 ,约束stride 大幅前进obstruction障碍物substance物质实质主旨residue 杂质criteria标准parameter参数parallax视差凸面镜convex mirror凹面镜concave mirror分光镜 spectroscope入射角angle of incidence出射角emergent angle平面镜plane mirror放大率： magnification 放大率角度放大率 angular magnification折射refraction反射reflect干涉 interfere衍射diffraction干涉条纹 interference fringe衍射图像 diffraction fringe 衍射条纹偏振polarize polarization透射 transmission透射光transmission light光强度 ] light intensity电磁波electromagnetic wave振动杨氏干涉夫琅和费衍射焦距brewster Angle 布鲁斯特角quarter Waveplates四分之一波片ripple 波纹capacitor 电容器vertical 垂直的horizontal水平的airy disk 艾里斑exit pupil出[射光]瞳Entrance pupil入瞳optical path difference光称差radius of curvature曲率半径spherical mirror 球面镜reflected beam 反射束YI= or your information供参考phase difference相差interferometer干涉仪ye lens 物镜 /目镜spherical球的field information场信息standard Lens 标准透镜refracting Surface 折射面principal plane 主平面vertex 顶点 ,最高点fuzzy 失真 ,模糊light source光源wavelength波长angle 角度spectrum 光谱diffraction grating 衍射光栅sphere 半球的DE= ens data editor Surface radius of curvature表面曲率半径surface thickness表面厚度semi-diameter半径focal length 焦距field of view 视场stop光阑trefractive 折射reflective反射。

物理竞赛英文词汇

物理竞赛英文词汇本篇文章主要介绍了物理竞赛中常用的英文词汇，涵盖了力学、热学、光学、电学等方面的词汇。

1. Mechanics （力学）- Force：力量，作用力- Velocity：速度- Acceleration：加速度- Mass：质量- Momentum：动量- Friction：摩擦力- Tension：张力- Work：功- Energy：能量- Power：功率- Torque：扭矩2. Thermodynamics （热学）- Temperature：温度- Heat：热量- Heat capacity：热容- Specific heat：比热- Entropy：熵- Heat engine：热机- Internal energy：内能- Enthalpy：焓- Heat transfer：热传递- Thermal expansion：热膨胀3. Optics （光学）- Light：光- Reflection：反射- Refraction：折射- Diffraction：衍射- Interference：干涉- Polarization：偏振- Prism：棱镜- Lens：透镜- Mirrors：镜子- Optics fiber：光纤4. Electricity and Magnetism （电学和磁学） - Electric field：电场- Magnetic field：磁场- Electric potential：电势- Capacitance：电容- Resistance：电阻- Inductance：电感- Current：电流- Voltage：电压- Electromagnetic waves：电磁波- Circuit：电路以上是物理竞赛中常用的英文词汇，希望对大家学习物理竞赛有所帮助。

光电子单词表中英对照

1. semiconductor: 半导体，常温下导电性能介于导体(conductor)与绝缘体(insulator)之间的材料。

2. light-emitting diode (LED): 发光二极管3. laser diode (LD): 半导体激光器4. photodiode: 光电二极管5. electrons: 电子6. holes: 空穴7. energy gap: 能隙8. photon: 光子9. insulator: 绝缘体10. transistor: 晶体管11. solar cell: 太阳能电池12. quantum dot: 量子点13. doping: 掺杂。

14. Pauli exclusion principle: 泡利不相容原理。

15. Fermi level: 费米能级16. valence band: 价带17. conduction band: 导带18. optical fiber: 光纤19. energy level: 能级。

20. electron–hole pair: 电子-空穴对。

21. impurity: 杂质。

22. dopant: 掺杂剂。

23. intrinsic (pure) semiconductor: 纯半导体。

24. p-type semiconductor: P 型半导体25. n-type semiconductor: N 型半导体。

26. p–n junction: PN 结27. space charge region(depletion layer): 空间电荷区(耗尽层)。

28. forward-bias voltage: 正向偏置电压29. ground state: 基态30. upper level: 上能级31. lower level: 下能级33. electromagnetic radiation:电磁辐射。

光学专业英语词汇总结

Vocabulary 2
Ultraviolet 紫外的 visible 可见的 infrared 红外的 scalar function 标量函数 vector function 矢量函数 wavelength 波长 frequency 频率 Angular frequency 角频率 Radian 弧度
Vocabulary 9
frequency conversion 频率转换 Down conversion 下转换 Parametric process 参量过程 Nonparametric process 非参量过程 Spontaneous Parametric Down conversion 自发参量下转换 quasi-phase match 准相位匹配 Phase mismatch 相位失配
Hologram 全息图 holography 全息术 holographic reconstruction 全息再现 holographic recording 全息记录 volume holography 体全息术 reference wave 参考波 object wave 物波 coherent light 相干光
Hologram vocabulary
Emulsion
感光乳剂 slit 缝
Orthogonal
正交的 monochromatic 单色的
Exposure
曝光
bragg condition
布拉格（布喇格）条件 conjugate 共扼 rainbow hologram 彩虹全息图
Vibrate 振动 Apparatus 器械，仪器 Minimal 最小的 Fluctuation 波动，起伏 illuminate 照明 Transparency 透明物 Planar 平面的 Three-dimensinal 三维的

光电英语词汇(E)

光电英语词汇(E)光电英语词汇(E)光电英语词汇(E)e (extraordinary)_ray 非常光线，非常射线e-beam 电子束e-beam laser 电子束激光器e-beam photolithography 电子束显影法e-beam-pumped free-electron laser 电子束抽运自由电子激光器eagle mounting 意格耳装置eaporograph 蒸发成像仪ear thermometer 耳温计earpiece 听机，听筒earth (1)地(2)接地earth aspect infrared detector 地貌红外探测器earth connection 接地earth plate 接地导板earth potential 地电势，地电位earth rate unit 地球角速率单位earth reflection 大地反射earth resource survey 地球资源勘查earth strain 地球胁变，地球应变earth tide 地球潮汐earth-based interferometer 地面干涉仪earth-shielded 接地屏蔽的earthometer (1)兆欧计(2)接地测量仪earthquake 地震eberhard effect 爱勃哈特效应，邻接效应ebert-fastie monochromator 艾勃特-法斯梯单色器ebert-fastie spectrograph 艾勃特-法斯梯光谱仪ebonite 硬质胶，胶木ebulliometer 准点测定计ebullition 准腾，起泡ec electronic commerce 电子商务eccentric (1)偏心的(2)偏心轮(3)偏心装置eccentric adjustment 偏心调节eccentric axis 偏心轴eccentric core optical wave guide 偏心光波导eccentric mounting 偏心座eccentric pivot 偏心轴eccentrically rotating mirror 偏心旋转镜eccentricity 偏心率eccentricity error 偏心误差eccentricity of lens 透镜偏心率echelette grating 红外光栅，小阶梯光栅echelle grating 中阶梯光栅echelle mounting 中阶梯光栅支架echelle spectrograph 中阶梯光栅摄谱仪echelle spectrometer 中阶梯光栅光谱仪echelon 阶梯echelon grating 阶梯光栅echelon lens 阶梯透镜echelon prism 阶梯棱镜echo (1)回波(2)回声echo image 回波图像，双像echo locator 回波定位器echo memory 回波存储器echo ranging 回波测距echo-box 回波共振器，空腔共振器echo-pulse 回波脉冲echotomographic system 回声x射线层析照相系统eclipse (1)食，交食(2)遮光ecliptic 黄道ecliptic latitude 黄纬ecliptie longitude 黄经ecology 生态学eddy current (1)涡流(2)涡电流edfa erbium doped fiber amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器edg response curve 边缘响应曲线edge (1)刀刃(2)边棱edge angle 棱角edge detection filter 边缘检测滤波器edge effect 边缘效应edge effect modulator 边缘效应调制器edge glass 棱镜edge sharpening 边缘锐化edge shifting 边缘漂移edge wave 棱波edge wave diffraction 棱波衍射edge-support interface 边缘支承界面edger 磨边器edging machine 磨边机edging operation 磨边工序edging stone 磨边石editing machine 剪辑机edpidote 绿帘石educt 离析物eduction 离析effect (1)效力(2)效果(3)作用(4)效应effect of lattic dilatation 点降膨胀效应effect of mode degeneracy 波型退化效应effective aperture 有效孔径effective aperture of obejctive 物镜有效孔径effective bandwith 有效带宽effective diameter 有效直径effective diaphragm 密效光阑effective f-number 有效f数，有效光圈effective index method 有效指数法effective line width 有效线宽effective numberical aperture 有效数值孔径effective phase difference 有效相位差effective stop 有效光阑effective surface 有效表面effective value 有效值effective wave length 有效波长effectived range 有效范围，有效距离effectiveness 有效性efficienc of radiation 辐射效率efficiency of light 光效率efficiency of rectification 整流效率efflux (1)射流(2)流出物effuser 喷管effusing 喷射effusion (1)泻流，喷出(2)隙透eflliposid of wave normals ellipsometer 椭圆计egg surface 蛋形面，卵形面eiconal (=eikonal)程函eidograph 图像缩收仪eidophor projector 大屏幕图像放映机eigen 本徵的eigenfrequency 本徵频率eigenfunction 本徵函数eigenmatrix 本徵矩阵eigenmode 本徵模eigenperiod 固有周期eigenresolution 本徵分辨率eigenstate 本徵态eigenvalue 本徵值eigenvalue equation 本徵值方程eigenvector 本徵矢量eikonal coefficient 程函系数eikonal equation 程函方程，镜像方程eikonal function 光程函数eikonogen 影源eikonometer 光像测定器einstein summatin convention 爱因斯坦求和法定则einstein's relation 爱因斯坦关系式einstein-fowler equation 爱因斯坦-否勒方程einstelin coefficient 爱因斯坦系数ejkpicyclic geeear 行星齿轮ekonal 程函ektar lens 爱克塔摄影物镜elastance 倒电容elastic 弹性的elastic bush 弹性抽套elastic deformation 弹性形变elastic fatique 弹性疲乏elastic hysteresis 弹性滞後elastic limit 弹性极限elastic modulus 弹性模数，弹性模量elastic oscillation 弹性振动elastic scattering 弹性散射elastic scattering amplitude 弹性散射幅度elastic spacer 弹性固体elastic standing wave 弹性垫圈elastic wave 弹性波elastic-solid theory 弹性固体理论elasticity (1)弹性(2)弹性学elastivity 倒介电常数elastomer 弹性体elastooptic coefficeint 光弹或系数elbow (1)肘管，弯管(2)弯头elbow refractor (1)弯管折射器(2)折轴折光计elbow telescope 曲折望远镜elctro-optical waveguide beam detector 电光学elctropyrometer 电测高温计electirc lamp bulb 电灯泡elector-conductivity 电导率elector-ionization laser 电致电离激光器electric 电的electric arc 电弧electric bell 电铃electric capacity 电容electric charge 电荷electric circuit 电路electric co laser 电激发-氧化碳激光器electric comb 电梳electric condenser 电容器electric conductance 电导electric conductivity (1)导电性(2)电导率electric conductor 导体electric connector receptacle 电插座electric current 电流electric currrent density 电流密度electric dipole matrix 电偶极子矩阵electric dipole moment 电偶极矩electric dipole transition 电偶极子跃迁electric discharge 放电electric discharge device 放电装置electric displacement 电位移electric energy 电能electric field 电场electric field intensity 电场强度electric field strength 电场强度electric field vector 电场矢量electric flux 电通量electric furnace 电炉electric generator 发电机electric image 电象electric inductivity 介电常数electric lamp 电灯electric lead 导电线electric level 电平electric lighting 电照明electric magnetic chuck 电磁吸盘electric motor 电动机electric network 电网络electric panel 配电板，配电盘electric permittinity 电容率electric polarization (1)电极化(2)电极化强度electric potential 电势，电位electric potential difference 电势差，电位差electric power 电力electric pressure 电压electric pulse 电脉冲electric quadrupole 电四极矩electric resistance 电阻压力计electric resistance manometer 电阻压力计electric shield 电屏蔽electric signal 电信号electric spark 电火花electric susceptibility 电极化率electric vector 电矢量electric wire 电线electric-discharge gas-dymanic laser 放电气动激光器electric-flash lamp 电子闪光灯electricity (1)电(2)电学electrification (1)起电(2)带电(3)电气化electrization 电气化electro-adsorption 电吸附electro-bath 电镀槽electro-coulogram 眼电图electro-deposition 电解淀积物electro-flash 电子闪光灯electro-fluorescence (1)电荧光(2)电致发光electro-optcial aberration 电光像差electro-optic crystals 电光光学晶体electro-optic modulators 电光调变器electro-optic optical deflectors/scanners 电光偏折/扫瞄器electro-optical beamsplitter 电光分束镜electro-optical ceramic storage 电光陶瓷存储electro-optical chronography 电子光学定时法electro-optical coefficient 电光系数electro-optical crystal 电光晶体electro-optical deflection 电光偏转electro-optical deflector 电光偏转器electro-optical device 电光装置electro-optical diffraction 电光衍射调制器electro-optical display system 电光显示系统electro-optical effect 电光效应electro-optical element 电光元件electro-optical image 电光图像electro-optical imaging 电光成像electro-optical modulation 电光调制electro-optical modulator 电光调制器electro-optical q-switching 电光q开关electro-optical retarder 电光减速器electro-optical shutter 电光快门electro-optical signal processing 电光信息处理electro-optical system 电光系统，光电系统electro-optical telescope 电光望远镜electro-optical tracking system 光换能器electro-optical transducer 电光波导electro-optical waveguide 电光波导束探测器electro-optically switched multipass system 电光开关多路系统electro-optically tuned laser 电光调谐激光器electro-optics 电光材料electro-optics material 电渗electro-otpcial telemeter 光电测距仪electro-polymerization 电致聚合作用electro-zoom lens 电体连续可变焦距镜头electroacoustial instrument 电声仪electroacoustical deflection 电声偏转electroacoustie 电声的electrocephalograph 脑电描记器electrochemical pumping 电化学抽运electrochemical roughening 电化学粗加工electrochemical shutter 电化学快门electrochemical supttering 电化学溅射electrochemiluminescence 电化学发光electrochemistry 电化学electrochromatography 电色层分离法electrochromism 电镀铬electrocolorimetry 电色度测量electrocurtain 电屏蔽electrode (1)电极(2)焊条electrode gap 电极间隙electrodeionization 电极电离作用electrodeless 无电极的electrodeless lamp 无电极灯electrodynamics 电动子学electroetching 电刻electrofax 电子照相，电子摄影electroforming 电铸，电成型electrograph (1)传真电报(2)电传记录器electroluminescence 电致发光，场致发光electroluminescence display (eld)电激发光显示器electroluminescent cell 电致发光元件，场致发元件electroluminescent diode 电致发光二极管electroluminescent disply panel 电致发生显示板electroluminescent lamp 电离发光灯electroluminescent light source 电致发光光源electroluminescent panel 电致发光板electroluminescent-photoconductive device 电致发光-光导器件electrolyser 电解糟electrolysis 电解electrolyte (1)电解质(2)电解液electrolyte electroreflectance 电解质电反射率electrolyte solution 电解质溶液electrolytic 电解的electrolytic bath 电解槽electrolytic image transducer 电解图像变换器electrolytic phtocell 电解光电池electrolytic polishing 电解抛光electrolytic solution 电解溶液electrolyzer 电解槽electrom-spin resonance (esr)电子自旋共振electromagentic field 电磁场electromagentic ligth value 电磁单位electromagentic radiation 电磁辐射electromagentic resonance 电磁共振electromagentic spectrum 电磁光谱electromagentic tele-communication 电磁波通信electromagentic theory of light 光的电磁理论electromagentic wave 电磁光阀electromagentics 电磁学electromagentism 电磁波electromagnetic clutch 电磁离合器electromagnetic contactor 电磁接触器electromagnetic field intensity 电磁场强度electromagnetic mode 电磁模electromagnetic mode interaction 电磁模相互作用electromechanical (1)电磁(2)电磁学electromer 机电的electrometer 电子异构体electromotive force 静电计electron 电动势electron affinity 电子异构体electron avalanche 电子亲合性electron beam 电子雪崩electron beam pumping 电子束抽运electron bombardment 电子轰击electron bombardment headting 电子轰击加热electron camera 电子摄像机electron capture 电子俘获electron chronometer 电子精确计时器electron collision 电子碰撞electron configuration 电子组态electron current 电子流electron density 电子密度electron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction camera 电子衍射照相机electron discharge device 电子放电器electron discharge tube 电子放电管electron donor 电子施主electron emission 电子发射electron energy distribution 电子能量分布electron exchange chromatography 电子交换色谱法electron feedback 电子反馈electron flip operator 电子触发器electron flux 电子通量electron focusing 电子聚焦electron gun 电子枪electron imapact 电子碰撞electron inteaction 电子相互作用electron irradiation 电子照射electron jump 电子跃迁electron lens 电子透镜electron microscope 电子显微镜electron microscopic autoradiography 电子显微镜自放射摄影术electron microscopy 电子显微术electron mirror 电子镜electron mirror microscope 电子反射显微镜electron multiplier 电子倍增管electron multiplier array 电子倍增器阵列electron multiplier gate 电子倍增器门electron optics 电子光学electron paramagnetic resonance (epr)电子顺磁共振electron polarization 电子极化electron potical shutter 电光快门electron probe 电子采针electron scanning micrograph 电子扫描显微照片electron sharing 电子共享electron spectrum 电子谱electron spin resonance spectroscopy 电子自旋共振光谱学electron spin sppectroscopy 电子自旋光谱学electron synchrotron 电子同electron transfer 电子跃迁，电子转移electron tube 电子管electron volt 电子伏electron wave 电子波electron wavelength 电子波长electron-baem pumped laser 电子束抽运激光器electron-beam einitation 电子束激发electron-beam excitation 电子束electron-beam microprobe 电子束微型采针electron-beam preionization technique 电子束预电离技术electron-beam pumped semiconductor laser 电子束抽运半导器激光器electron-density map 电子密度图electron-hole 电子-空穴electron-hole drop 电子-空穴降electron-hole pair 电子-空穴偶electron-mirror infrared image converter 电子反射镜红外换象器electronegative 阴电性的，负电性的electronegativity 阴电性，负电性electrongram 电子摄像图electrongraphic emulision 电子摄像乳胶层electrongraphic image tube 电子照相显像管，电子摄影显像管electrongraphy 电子照相术，电子摄影术electronic 电子的electronic analog counter 电子模拟计数器electronic bame 电子束electronic computer 电子计算机electronic counting apparatus 电子计机器electronic data processing 电子数据处理electronic digital computer 电子数字计算机electronic digital integrator 电子数字积分器electronic distance meters 光波测距装置electronic exposure 电子曝光electronic exposure camera 电子曝光照相机electronic eye (1)电子眼(2)自动测光照相机electronic filtering 电子滤波electronic flash equipment 电子闪光装置electronic flash tube 电子闪光灯管electronic image magnifier 电子图像放大器electronic image storage 电子图像储存electronic imaging tube 电子成像管electronic level (1)电子水准仪(2)电子能级electronic metal locator 电子金属定位器electronic noise 电子噪声electronic printer 电子印刷机electronic probe 电子探针electronic raster scanning 电子光栅扫描electronic screening 电子屏蔽electronic shutter 电子快门electronic spectrophotometer 电子分光光度计electronic specture 电子谱electronic steerable array radar 电子扫描阵列电达electronic streak camera 电子条纹摄影机，超快扫描摄影机electronic telescope 电子望远镜electronic vision aid 电子式视力辅助器electronically tunable optical filter 电子可调谐光学滤波器electronics (1)电子学(2)电子系统electroosmoisi 电泳electrophoresis 电泳的electrophoretic 电泳成像仪electrophoretic imaging apparatus 电子照相显像，电子摄影显影electrophotoographic development 电子照相技术，电子摄影技术electrophototgraphic technique 电子照相electrophototgraphy 电子摄影electrophysics 电物理学electroplating 电镀electropneumatic 电动气动的electropolishing 电抛光electroreflectance 电反射率electroregulator 电热调节器electroscope 验电器electrostaically focused 静电聚焦electrostatic acturator 静电激发器electrostatic effect 静电效应electrostatic field 静电场electrostatic field intensity 静电场强度electrostatic focus 静电聚焦electrostatic image tube 静电显像electrostatic lens 静电透镜electrostatic microscope 静电显微镜electrostatic photography 静电照相术，静电印刷机electrostatic pringer 静电相斥electrostatic return beam camera tube 静电学electrostatics electrostatic-type image tube 静电显像管electrostatio deflection system 静电偏转系统electrostatographic imaging process 静电照相成法，静电摄影成像法electrostatographic reproduction machine 静电复印机electrostriction 电致伸缩electrostrictive 电致伸缩的electrosurgery 电手术electrotage 微波测距仪微波基电测仪electrotechnics (1)学工学(2)电工技术electrotechniical (1)电工学的(2)电工技术的electrothermography 电热记录法electrotimer 定时断电器electroytic recording paper 电解记录纸electrstatic repulision 静电反射束摄像管elecyro-optical tracking system 电光跟踪系统elecyronic background suppression method 电子背景抑制法element (1)元件(2)元素(3)单元(4)电池(5)镜片element factor 基本因子element of matrix 矩阵元elementary beam 元光束elementary hologram 基元全息图elementary meridianal beam 基本子线光束elementary stimulus 基本刺激源elements for photosensor arrays 光传感器阵列元件elequivalent weight 当量elevated temperature 升高温度elevating screw 上升螺旋elevation (1)高度(2)仰角elevation ange 俯仰角elevation axis 俯仰轴elevation finder 仰角指示器elevation mount 俯仰装置elevation serve power amplifier 俯仰伺服功率放大器elevation view (1)正视图(2)立面图elevator (1)升降机(2)电梯elevator mechanism 升降机构elevator persicope 升降式望远镜elimination (1)消除，消去(2)消元法eliminator (1)消除器(2)等效天线(3)带阻滤波器elliposoid 椭球elliposoidal pumping mirror 波面法线椭球ellipse 椭圆ellipsograph 椭圆规ellipsoidal cavity 椭球腔ellipsoidal lens 椭球面镜ellipsoidal mirror 椭球面抽运镜ellipsometers 椭圆计ellipsometric analysis 椭圆分析ellipsometry 椭圆测量术elliptical aperture 椭圆孔径elliptical cone 椭圆椎体elliptical cylindrical cavity 椭圆柱面腔elliptical homeology 椭圆性同调elliptical mirror 椭圆面反射镜elliptical mirror condenser 椭球反射聚光器elliptical polarization 椭圆偏振elliptical reflector 椭圆反射镜elliptically polarized light 椭圆偏振光elliptically polarized wave 椭圆偏振波ellipticity 椭率elongation 伸长elutriating equipment 淘选设备elutriator 淘析器emanation (1)辐射(2)放射(3)离析emanator (1)辐射器(2)辐射源embedded heterostructure laser 嵌人式异质结构激光器embedded stripe double heterostructure laser 嵌入式条状双异质结构激光器embedding 埋置，嵌入embossed film 浮雕影embossed integrated pttics 浮雕集成光学embrittlement 脆化，脆变emerald 绿宝石emergence 出射emergence angle 出射角emergent 出射的emergent light 出射光emergent power 出射功率emergent pupil 出射光瞳emergent radiation 出射辐射emergent ray 出射光线emerging beam 出射束emerging technology 新兴科技emery 金刚砂emery cutter 砂轮锯emery disc 金刚砂轮emery wheel 金刚砂轮emi filter 电磁干扰滤波器emiission characteristic 发射特性emissino frequency 发射频率emission (1)发射(2)辐射emission band 发射带emission counter 辐射计数器emission density 发射密度emission line 发射谱线emission pattern 发射图样emission peak 发射峰emission probability 发射概率emission rate 发射速率emission spectrograph 发射摄谱仪emission spectrographic analysis 发射光谱分析emission spectrometry 发射光谱测量学emission spectroscopy 发射光谱学emission spectrum 发射光谱emission surface 放射面emission vacuum spectrometer 发射真空分光计emission vacuum spectroscopy 发真空谱学emission-spectrometer 发射分光计emissive 发射emissive ability 发射能力emissive power (1)发射功率(2)发射本领emissivity 发射率，辐射率emitraon 光电摄像管emitron camera 光电摄像管照相机，光电摄像管摄影机emittance (1)发射(2)出射度(3)发光度emitted 射出的emitter (1)发射极(2)发射体emitting stage 发射级emmetrope 正视者emmetropia 正视眼emmitting electrode 发射电极empty -space myopial emulator 空间近视empty magnification 无效放大emulison 乳化emulison shrinkage 乳胶响应emulsification (1)仿真器(2)仿真器序emulsion track 乳胶收缩emulsion-laser stroage (1)乳胶(2)乳状液enamel 乳胶径迹enantiomorph 去琅，搪瓷enantiotropy 对映体，镜像体encapsulated (1)对映现象(2)互变性encapsulated detector 密封探测器encapsulated electroluminescent device 夹层式电致发光器件encephalography 脑照相术enclosed arc lamp 封闭式弧光灯enclosed source 封闭源encoded multiplex spectrometer 编碥多路分光计encoder (1)编码器(2)编码员encoding 编码encoding encoding mask 编码掩膜end cam 端面凸轮end cover 端盖end elevation 侧视图end face 端面凸轮end gauage 端规end measure 端面量具，端度器end mirror 端面镜end plane 端面end ring 端环end-butt coupling 端接耦合end-piece 末端片end-point 终点，终端end-pumped laser 端抽运激光器end-pumping 端抽运end-thrust bearing 止推轴承end-view 端视图end-window 端面窗endless belt 无接头皮带endless screw 蜗杆endoergic 收能的，吸能的endomomental 脉冲吸收的endoscope 内窥镜endoscopes, fiber optic medical fiberscopes 内视镜,医疗用光纤镜(fiber scope)endoscopic laser coagulator 内窥激光凝结器endoscopy 内窥镜检查术endurance (1)耐久性(2)耐劳性endurance limit 疲劳极限enegrgy converter 能量转换器energetica electron 高能电子energy band 能带energy conservation 能量守恒energy density 能量密度energy detector 能量探测器energy dispersion (ed)spectrometer 散能量分光计energy dissipation 能量散逸energy exchange processes 能量交换过程energy extraction 能量提取energy flux 能通量energy flux density 能通量密度energy level 能级energy level diagram 能级图energy of photoelectron 光电子能量energy of position 势能，位能energy of rotation 转动能energy of thermal motion 热运动能energy relaxation 能量弛豫energy spectrum 能谱energy state 能态energy supply 能源energy transfer 能量转移energy-valley 能谷engagement 接合，啮合engergetica emission 高能发射engergization 赋能，供电engergy 能，能量engine (1)机器(2)引擎，发动机engineer 工程师engineering drawing 工程画，工程制图engineering theodolite 工程经纬仪engler degree 恩格勒度，恩氏度engler viscosity 因格勒粘度，因氏粘度english system 英制engraving (1)刻模(2)雕刻enhance spectrum 增强光谱enhanced responsivity 增强响应性enhanced focal-plane irradiance 增强无平面辐射度enhanced line 增强谱线enlarged scale 放大比例尺enlarged view 放大图enlargin apparatus 放大器，放大机enlarging lens 放大镜头enlarging objective 放大物镜enlargment 放大enlrger 放大器，放大机enricher 浓缩器enrichment 浓缩，富集ensemble 系综ensemble average 系综平均ensemble mean 总平均值enthalpy 焓，热函enthrakometer 超高频功率测量仪entity 实体entoptic perception 眼内感觉entoptic s catter 眼内散射entracne slit 入射狭缝entrance (1)入射(2)入口entrance pupil (1)入射光瞳entrance windeow 入射窗entrapment 俘获entrentchment (1)防护(2)防复措施entropy 熵entropy filter 滤熵器，选熵器entropy fluctuation 熵起伏entropy of information 信息熵entropy power 熵功率entry (1)引入线(2)输入(3)入口enumeration 计算envelope curver 包络曲线envelope detector 包络探测器envelope factor 包亦因数envelope fluctation 包络波动envelope modulation 包络调制enveloper (1)外壳(2)包络，包迹enveloping curvature 包络曲率environment chambers 环境试验机environment monitoring lidar systems 环境监测用雷射雷达environment monitoring/measuring systems 环境监视/量测系统environmental temperature 环境温度environmental test 环境试验environmential range 环境范围eolotropic 各向异性的eon 十亿年ep-flashfp 级闪光灯epi-illuminator 反射照明器epi-mirror 反射镜epicon 外延硅靶摄像epicycle 周转圆epicyclic (1)周转圆的(2)外摆线的epicycloid 外摆线epidiascope 反射透射两用幻灯机epiolarized light 表射偏振光epipolic dispersion 发荧色散episcope 反射投影仪episcotister 频闪观测盘epitaxial 取向附生的，外延的epitaxial film 取向附生膜epitaxial growth 取向附生，外延生长epitaxial injecton laser 外延注入式激光器epitaxial laser 外延激光器epitaxial layer 取向附生层epitaxial mesa phototransistor 外延台面式光电晶体管epitaxial phototransistor 外延型光电晶体管epitaxial transistor 晶膜电晶体epitaxy 取向附生，外延生长epithermal 超热的epoch 初相epoxide 环氧化合物epoxies 环氧树脂epoxy 环氧的epoxy adhesion 环氧粘合剂epoxy cement 环氧粘接epoxy coating 环氧涂层epoxy glass 环氧玻璃epoxy plasticizer 环氧增塑利epoxy resin 环氧树鲁eppenstein's principle 爱本斯坦原理equal 相等的equal-energy source 等能源equal-energy spectrum 等能谱equal-energy white 等能白色equaling filter 均冲滤色镜equality (1)等式(2)相等equality of brightness photometer 等亮度光度计equality-of-contrast cube 等衬度立方体equality-of-contrast ocomparision 等衬度比较equalization (1)均衡(2)均值化equalized-response densitometer 均等反应感光密度计equalizer 平衡器，均值器equation 方程equation fo coninuity 连续性方程equation of light 光差equatorial inclination 赤道倾角equatorial mount 赤道座equatorial plance 赤道面equatorial telecope 赤道仪equatorial telescope 赤道望远镜equatroial zone 赤道区equi-continuous 等连续的equi-distance scale 等距刻度equi-reflectance contour 等反射率曲线equiaxed 各方等大的equicenter 等心equiconcave 等凹的equiconcave lens 等凹透镜equiconvex 等凸的equidensities 等密度圆equidensitometry 等密度测定法equidistributed 等分布的equifrequent 等频的equilateral 等边的equilibraium 平衡equilibration 平衡equilibrium condition 稳态条件（情况）equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium mode distribution 平衡方式分配equiluminous colors 等照度色equipartition 均分equipartition law 均分律equipment 设备，装置equipotential 等势的，等位的equipotential surface 等热面，等位面equiprobability 等概率equivalency width 等值宽度equivalent (1)等效的(2)当量(3)等值equivalent air path 等效空气程equivalent circuit 等效电路equivalent circuti 等效电路equivalent counterppart 等效对应物equivalent equation 等价方程equivalent flux density 等效通量密度equivalent focal length 等效焦距equivalent focus 等效焦点equivalent lens 等效透镜equivalent luminance 等效亮度equivalent neutral density 当量中性密度equivalent noise imput 等效噪声输入equivalent power 等效光强equivalent power detector 等效光强探测器equixaial 等轴的equlangular 等角equpotential line 等势，等位线eradiation 发射，辐射erasability 可擦除生erasable 可拭的erasable data 可擦除数据erasable holographic memory 可擦全息存储器eraser (1)消磁头(2)抹声器erasing mechaism 清除机理erassable memory 可擦存储器erbium glass 铒玻璃erbium ion 铒离子erbium laser 铒激光器erbium lasers 铒固体雷射erbium (er)铒erbium-doped fiber amplifier ,edfa 掺铒光纤放大器erect image 正像erect image view finder 正像寻像器erecting (1)安装，装配(2)竖立erecting eyepicece 正像目镜erecting eypeice 正像目镜erecting prism 正像透镜erecting system 正像系统erection drawing 装配图erector 正像镜erector lens 正像透镜erg 尔格ergodie field 偏历场ergodie property 各态遍历性erlang 厄兰erometer 衍射测微器eronstar lens 爱尔诺斯达照相镜头erosion 腐蚀error 误差error amplifier 误差放大器error budget 误差分配error code 错码error compensation 误差补偿error correcting code (ecc)误差修正码error due to pyramid 角锥误差error expected 容许误差error function 误差函数error in viewing 视差error of aiming 瞄准误差error of centration 对中误差error of double image of roof prism 屋脊棱镜双像误差error of observatiobn 观察误差error of run 行差error of zero 零点误差error rate 误差率error synthesis 误差综合error-detexction and corrrect encoder 误差检测和校正编码器errors of centration 中心误差eruption 喷发erythema 红斑erythemal spectral radiation 红斑光谱辐射esaki diode 江崎二极体escape factor 逸出因子escape probability 逸出概率escapement 擒踪轮escpae 逃逸eslipse (1)蚀(日、月)(2)掩蔽esophagoscope 食道镜esotropia 内斜视esr line 电子自旋共振谱线esr spectrum 电子自旋共振光谱essence 本质，实质essential constant 本质常数essential geometry 基础几何学ester 酯estimated luminance 估定亮度etalon (1)基准(2)标准量具(3)校准器etalons 标准干涉具etch mark 蚀刻痕迹etch-pit 腐蚀陷斑，腐蚀坑etch-proof 防腐蚀的etchant 腐蚀剂etched cavity 蚀刻腔etched mirror (reflector)蚀刻反射镜etcher 蚀刻器etching (1)蚀刻(2)刻线etching agent 蚀刻剂etching figure 蚀刻图etching liquids 侵蚀液etching machines 蚀刻设备etching process chemical 蚀刻制程化学品etching services 蚀刻服务etendue 展度ethanol 乙醇，酒精ethced grating 蚀刻光栅ether (1)醚，乙醚(2)以太ether drift 以太漂移ether wave 以太波ethoxyline 环氧树脂ethyl 乙基ethyl alcohol 乙醇，酒精ethyl clinnamate 乙基内桂酸盐ethylylene 乙烯euphenies 遗传工程学europium (eu)铕europkium-activated 铕激活的euthyscope 直视镜euv laser 极远紫外激光器evacuated chamber 真空室evacuated housing 真空罩evacuation 排气，抽空evaluation (1)评价，估价(2)求值evanescent field 渐逝场evanescent field theory 渐逝场理论evanescent light wve 瞬逝光波，散光波evanescent wave 衰减波evanescent-field coupling 渐逝场偶合evaporagraph 蒸发相器evaporant 蒸发物evaporated dielectric film 蒸镀介质膜evaporated oxide film 蒸镀氧化膜evaporation (1)蒸发作用(2)蒸镀evaporation coating 蒸发敷层evaporator 蒸发器evaporoscope (1)均匀的(2)偶数的evapotranspiration 蒸散eveaporated layer 蒸镀介质膜even illumination 偶模，偶数模even mode 均匀度even number 偶-奇的even parity state 事件even-even nuclie 均匀照明even-odd 偶-奇核even-odd nuclei 偶-奇定则even-odd rule 偶数级，偶数阶even-odrder diffraction 偶宇称态even-order 偶数级衍射evenness 偶数evenscent field 瞬逝场，讯速衷减场event 埃弗哈特效应everhard effect 法包线，渐屈线evolute (1)开屏(2)演变(3)开方evolution 渐伸线evolvent 尔exa (e)精确度exactitude (exactness)禁止门except gate 最佳能见度exceptional visibility 过剩吸收excess absorption 过剩电子excess electron 过剩之电子excess electron excess fraction 过剩部分excess in deviation 过偏量excess noise 过量噪声excess photon noise 过量光子excess population 过剩粒子数excess-three-code 余三代码exchange 交换器exchange-coupled ion pair 交换耦合离子对excicon 固态x 射线变像管excimer 准分子雷射excimer laser 激元激光器excimer laser medical systems 准分子雷射医疗系统excimer laser processing equipment for chemical vapor deposition (cvd)准分子雷excimer laser processing equipment for wafer stepper 准分子雷射(缩小投影曝光设excimer laser procossing equipment for micromaching 准分子雷射加工机(微机电excimer lasers 准分子雷射exciplex 复合受激态exciplex dye laser 复合受激态染料激光器excircle 外圆excitabiltiy 可激发性excitatino level 激发级excitation 激发，激励excitation cross-section 激发截面excitation curve 激发曲线excitation electron 激发电子excitation energy transfer 激发传递excitation frequency 激发频率excitation function 激发函excitation index 激发指数excitation mechanism 激发机构，激发机制excitation potential 激发电势，激发电位excitation power supply 激励电源excitation purity 激发纯度excitation source 激发源，激励源excitation spectrum 激发光谱excitation volume 激发量excitation wave 激发波excited 受激excited asinglet state 受激单能态excited atom 受激原子excited center 受激中感excited dimer 受激二聚物excited electron 受激电子excited energy level 受激能级excited molecular packet 受激分子包excited radiation 受激辐射excited radiation in transmission 透射受激辐射excited state 受激态excited state spectroscopey 激发态光激学exciter (1)激发器(2)主控振荡器exciter filter 激发光滤器exciter lamp 激发灯exciting electrode 激发电极exciting field 激发场exciting force 激发力exciting level 激发能级exciting light 激发光exciting pweor 激发功率exciton 激子exciton migration 激子徒动exciton recombination radiation 激子复合辐射excitron 激管exclusion principle 不相容原理exclusive or circuti 异电路excton spectrum 激子光谱excursion (1)偏移(2)辐度exfocal 焦外的exhaust pipe 排气管exhaustion (1)消耗(2)排气exinction (1)消光(2)衷减exinction index 消光率exit angle 出射角exit apin hole 出射针孔exit port 出射口exit pupil 出射光瞳exit tube 出射管exit window 出射窗exitance 出射度exnor 互斥反或"逻辑exomonental 发射脉冲的exophthalmometer 眼球凸出度计exor 互斥或"逻辑exosphere 外逸层exothermicity 放热性exotropia 外斜视exotropia expanded beam 扩展束expander (1)扩张器(2)扩展电路expanding telescope 束扩散望远镜expansion (1)膨胀(2)扩展expansivity 扩展性，延伸性expectation value 预期值expected value 期望值expersimental model 实验模型expicity 显示的expiring mode 消亡模explanatory drawing 说明图explodable light source 可爆光源exploder 雷管exploding film q-switching 爆炸膜q开关exploding wire source 爆炸线光源exploration 探测explorer 探测器exploring laser light 探测激光exploring spot 探测光点explosion pumped gasdynamic laser 爆炸抽运气动激光器。

英文专业词汇术语翻译-无损检测

英文专业词汇术语翻译：无损检测（non-destructive ）源自：/companymodule/weblog_viewEntry.do?id=2248576A.C magnetic saturation 交流磁饱和Absorbed dose 吸收剂量Absorbed dose rate 吸收剂量率Acceptanc limits 验收范围Acceptance level 验收水平Acceptance standard 验收标准Accumulation test 累积检测Acoustic emission count（emission count）声发射计数（发射计数）Acoustic emission transducer 声发射换能器（声发射传感器）Acoustic emission(AE) 声发射Acoustic holography 声全息术Acoustic impedance 声阻抗Acoustic impedance matching 声阻抗匹配Acoustic impedance method 声阻法Acoustic wave 声波Acoustical lens 声透镜Acoustic—ultrasonic 声-超声（AU）Activation 活化Activity 活度Adequate shielding 安全屏蔽Ampere turns 安匝数Amplitude 幅度Angle beam method 斜射法Angle of incidence 入射角Angle of reflection 反射角Angle of spread 指向角Angle of squint 偏向角Angle probe 斜探头Angstrom unit 埃(A)Area amplitude response curve 面积幅度曲线Area of interest 评定区Arliflcial disconlinuity 人工不连续性Artifact 假缺陷Artificial defect 人工缺陷Artificial discontinuity 标准人工缺陷A-scan A型扫描A-scope; A-scan A型显示Attenuation coefficient 衰减系数Attenuator 衰减器Audible leak indicator 音响泄漏指示器Automatic testing 自动检测Autoradiography 自射线照片Avaluation 评定Barium concrete 钡混凝土Barn 靶Base fog 片基灰雾Bath 槽液Bayard- Alpert ionization gage B- A型电离计Beam 声束Beam ratio 光束比Beam angle 束张角Beam axis 声束轴线Beam index 声束入射点Beam path location 声程定位Beam path; path length 声程Beam spread 声束扩散Betatron 电子感应加速器Bimetallic strip gage 双金属片计Bipolar field 双极磁场Black light filter 黑光滤波器Black light; ultraviolet radiation 黑光Blackbody 黑体Blackbody equivalent temperature 黑体等效温度Bleakney mass spectrometer 波利克尼质谱仪Bleedout 渗出Bottom echo 底面回波Bottom surface 底面Boundary echo(first) 边界一次回波Bremsstrahlung 轫致辐射Broad-beam condition 宽射束Brush application 刷涂B-scan presenfation B型扫描显示B-scope; B-scan B型显示C- scan C型扫描Calibration,instrument 设备校准Capillary action 毛细管作用Carrier fluid 载液Carry over of penetrate 渗透剂移转Cassette 暗合Cathode 阴极Central conductor 中心导体Central conductor method 中心导体法Characteristic curve 特性曲线Characteristic curve of film 胶片特性曲线Characteristic radiation 特征辐射Chemical fog 化学灰雾Cine-radiography 射线(活动)电影摄影术Cintact pads 接触垫Circumferential coils 圆环线圈Circumferential field 周向磁场Circumferential magnetization method 周向磁化法Clean 清理Clean- up 清除Clearing time 定透时间Coercive force 矫顽力Coherence 相干性Coherence length 相干长度（谐波列长度）Coi1，test 测试线圈Coil size 线圈大小Coil spacing 线圈间距Coil technique 线圈技术Coil method 线圈法Coilreference 线圈参考Coincidence discrimination 符合鉴别Cold-cathode ionization gage 冷阴极电离计Collimator 准直器Collimation 准直Collimator 准直器Combined colour comtrast and fluorescent penetrant 着色荧光渗透剂Compressed air drying 压缩空气干燥Compressional wave 压缩波Compton scatter 康普顿散射Continuous emission 连续发射Continuous linear array 连续线阵Continuous method 连续法Continuous spectrum 连续谱Continuous wave 连续波Contract stretch 对比度宽限Contrast 对比度Contrast agent 对比剂Contrast aid 反差剂Contrast sensitivity 对比灵敏度Control echo 监视回波Control echo 参考回波Couplant 耦合剂Coupling 耦合Coupling losses 耦合损失Cracking 裂解Creeping wave 爬波Critical angle 临界角Cross section 横截面Cross talk 串音Cross-drilled hole 横孔Crystal 晶片C-scope; C-scan C型显示Curie point 居里点Curie temperature 居里温度Curie(Ci) 居里Current flow method 通电法Current induction method 电流感应法Current magnetization method 电流磁化法Cut－off level 截止电平Dead zone 盲区Decay curve 衰变曲线Decibel(dB) 分贝Defect 缺陷Defect resolution 缺陷分辨力Defect detection sensitivity 缺陷检出灵敏度Defect resolution 缺陷分辨力Definition 清晰度Definition， image definition 清晰度，图像清晰度Demagnetization 退磁Demagnetization factor 退磁因子Demagnetizer 退磁装置Densitometer 黑度计Density 黑度（底片）Density comparison strip 黑度比较片Detecting medium 检验介质Detergent remover 洗净液Developer 显像剂Developer station 显像工位Developer， agueons 水性显象剂Developer， dry 干显象剂Developer， liquid film 液膜显象剂Developer， nonaqueous （sus- pendible）非水（可悬浮）显象剂Developing time 显像时间Development 显影Diffraction mottle 衍射斑Diffuse indications 松散指示Diffusion 扩散Digital image acquisition system 数字图像识别系统Dilatational wave 膨胀波Dip and drain station 浸渍和流滴工位Direct contact magnetization 直接接触磁化Direct exposure imaging 直接曝光成像Direct contact method 直接接触法Directivity 指向性Discontinuity 不连续性Distance- gain- size-German AVG 距离- 增益- 尺寸（DGS德文为AVG）Distance marker; time marker 距离刻度Dose equivalent 剂量当量Dose rate meter 剂量率计Dosemeter 剂量计Double crystal probe 双晶片探头Double probe technique 双探头法Double transceiver technique 双发双收法Double traverse technique 二次波法Dragout 带出Drain time 滴落时间Drain time 流滴时间Drift 漂移Dry method 干法Dry powder 干粉Dry technique 干粉技术Dry developer 干显像剂Dry developing cabinet 干显像柜Dry method 干粉法Drying oven 干燥箱Drying station 干燥工位Drying time 干燥时间D-scope; D-scan D型显示Dual search unit 双探头Dual-focus tube 双焦点管Duplex-wire image quality indicator 双线像质指示器Duration 持续时间Dwell time 停留时间Dye penetrant 着色渗透剂Dynamic leak test 动态泄漏检测Dynamic leakage measurement 动态泄漏测量Dynamic range 动态范围Dynamic radiography 动态射线透照术Echo 回波Echo frequency 回波频率Echo height 回波高度Echo indication 回波指示Echo transmittance of sound pressure 往复透过率Echo width 回波宽度Eddy current 涡流Eddy current flaw detector 涡流探伤仪Eddy current testiog 涡流检测Edge 端面Edge effect 边缘效应Edge echo 棱边回波Edge effect 边缘效应Effective depth penetration （EDP）有效穿透深度Effective focus size 有效焦点尺寸Effective magnetic permeability 有效磁导率Effective permeability 有效磁导率Effective reflection surface of flaw 缺陷有效反射面Effective resistance 有效电阻Elastic medium 弹性介质Electric displacement 电位移Electrical center 电中心Electrode 电极Electromagnet 电磁铁Electro-magnetic acoustic transducer 电磁声换能器Electromagnetic induction 电磁感应Electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射Electromagnetic testing 电磁检测Electro-mechanical coupling factor 机电耦合系数Electron radiography 电子辐射照相术Electron volt 电子伏恃Electronic noise 电子噪声Electrostatic spraying 静电喷涂Emulsification 乳化Emulsification time 乳化时间Emulsifier 乳化剂Encircling coils 环绕式线圈End effect 端部效应Energizing cycle 激励周期Equalizing filter 均衡滤波器Equivalent 当量Equivalent I．Q. I. Sensitivity 象质指示器当量灵敏度Equivalent nitrogen pressure 等效氮压Equivalent penetrameter sensifivty 透度计当量灵敏度Equivalent method 当量法Erasabl optical medium 可探光学介质Etching 浸蚀Evaluation 评定Evaluation threshold 评价阈值Event count 事件计数Event count rate 事件计数率Examination area 检测范围Examination region 检验区域Exhaust pressure/discharge pressure 排气压力Exhaust tubulation 排气管道Expanded time-base sweep 时基线展宽Exposure 曝光Exposure table 曝光表格Exposure chart 曝光曲线Exposure fog 曝光灰雾Exposure，radiographic exposure 曝光，射线照相曝光Extended source 扩展源Facility scattered neutrons 条件散射中子False indication 假指示Family 族Far field 远场Feed-through coil 穿过式线圈Field， resultant magnetic 复合磁场Fill factor 填充系数Film speed 胶片速度Film badge 胶片襟章剂量计Film base 片基Film contrast 胶片对比度Film gamma 胶片γ值Film processing 胶片冲洗加工Film speed 胶片感光度Film unsharpness 胶片不清晰度Film viewing screen 观察屏Filter 滤波器/滤光板Final test 复探Flat-bottomed hole 平底孔Flat-bottomed hole equivalent 平底孔当量Flaw 伤Flaw characterization 伤特性Flaw echo 缺陷回波Flexural wave 弯曲波Floating threshold 浮动阀值Fluorescence 荧光Fluorescent examination method 荧光检验法Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection 荧光磁粉检验Fluorescent dry deposit penetrant 干沉积荧光渗透剂Fluorescent light 荧光Fluorescent magnetic powder 荧光磁粉Fluorescent penetrant 荧光渗透剂Fluorescent screen 荧光屏Fluoroscopy 荧光检查法Flux leakage field 磁通泄漏场Flux lines 磁通线Focal spot 焦点Focal distance 焦距Focus length 焦点长度Focus size 焦点尺寸Focus width 焦点宽度Focus(electron) 电子焦点Focused beam 聚焦声束Focusing probe 聚焦探头Focus-to-film distance(f.f.d) 焦点-胶片距离（焦距）Fog 底片灰雾Fog density 灰雾密度Footcandle 英尺烛光Freguency 频率Frequency constant 频率常数Fringe 干涉带Front distance 前沿距离Front distance of flaw 缺陷前沿距离Full- wave direct current（FWDC）全波直流Fundamental frequency 基频Furring 毛状迹痕Gage pressure 表压Gain 增益Gamma radiography γ射线透照术Gamma ray source γ射线源Gamma ray source container γ射线源容器Gamma rays γ射线Gamma-ray radiographic equipment γ射线透照装置Gap scanning 间隙扫查Gas 气体Gate 闸门Gating technique 选通技术Gauss 高斯Geiger-Muller counter 盖革.弥勒计数器Geometric unsharpness 几何不清晰度Gray(Gy) 戈瑞Grazing incidence 掠入射Grazing angle 掠射角Group velocity 群速度Half life 半衰期Half- wave current （HW）半波电流Half-value layer(HVL) 半值层Half-value method 半波高度法Halogen 卤素Halogen leak detector 卤素检漏仪Hard X-rays 硬X射线Hard-faced probe 硬膜探头Harmonic analysis 谐波分析Harmonic distortion 谐波畸变Harmonics 谐频Head wave 头波Helium bombing 氦轰击法Helium drift 氦漂移Helium leak detector 氦检漏仪Hermetically tight seal 气密密封High vacuum 高真空High energy X-rays 高能X射线Holography (optical) 光全息照相Holography， acoustic 声全息Hydrophilic emulsifier 亲水性乳化剂Hydrophilic remover 亲水性洗净剂Hydrostatic text 流体静力检测Hysteresis 磁滞Hysteresis 磁滞IACS IACSID coil ID线圈Image definition 图像清晰度Image contrast 图像对比度Image enhancement 图像增强Image magnification 图像放大Image quality 图像质量Image quality indicator sensitivity 像质指示器灵敏度Image quality indicator(IQI)/image quality indication 像质指示器Imaging line scanner 图像线扫描器Immersion probe 液浸探头Immersion rinse 浸没清洗Immersion testing 液浸法Immersion time 浸没时间Impedance 阻抗Impedance plane diagram 阻抗平面图Imperfection 不完整性Impulse eddy current testing 脉冲涡流检测Incremental permeability 增量磁导率Indicated defect area 缺陷指示面积Indicated defect length 缺陷指示长度Indication 指示Indirect exposure 间接曝光Indirect magnetization 间接磁化Indirect magnetization method 间接磁化法Indirect scan 间接扫查Induced field 感应磁场Induced current method 感应电流法Infrared imaging system 红外成象系统Infrared sensing device 红外扫描器Inherent fluorescence 固有荧光Inherent filtration 固有滤波Initial permeability 起始磁导率Initial pulse 始脉冲Initial pulse width 始波宽度Inserted coil 插入式线圈Inside coil 内部线圈Inside- out testing 外泄检测Inspection 检查Inspection medium 检查介质Inspection frequency/ test frequency 检测频率Intensifying factor 增感系数Intensifying screen 增感屏Interal,arrival time （Δtij)/arrival time interval（Δtij）到达时间差(Δtij)Interface boundary 界面Interface echo 界面回波Interface trigger 界面触发Interference 干涉Interpretation 解释Ion pump 离子泵Ion source 离子源Ionization chamber 电离室Ionization potential 电离电位Ionization vacuum gage 电离真空计Ionography 电离射线透照术Irradiance， E 辐射通量密度， EIsolation 隔离检测Isotope 同位素K value K值Kaiser effect 凯塞(Kaiser)效应Kilo volt kv 千伏特Kiloelectron volt keV千电子伏特Krypton 85 氪85L／D ratio L/D比Lamb wave 兰姆波Latent image 潜象Lateral scan 左右扫查Lateral scan with oblique angle 斜平行扫查Latitude (of an emulsion) 胶片宽容度Lead screen 铅屏Leak 泄漏孔Leak artifact 泄漏器Leak detector 检漏仪Leak testtion 泄漏检测Leakage field 泄漏磁场Leakage rate 泄漏率Leechs 磁吸盘Lift-off effect 提离效应Light intensity 光强度Limiting resolution 极限分辨率Line scanner 线扫描器Line focus 线焦点Line pair pattern 线对检测图Line pairs per millimetre 每毫米线对数Linear (electron) accelerator(LINAC) 电子直线加速器Linear attenuation coefficient 线衰减系数Linear scan 线扫查Linearity （time or distance）线性（时间或距离）Linearity， anplitude 幅度线性Lines of force 磁力线Lipophilic emulsifier 亲油性乳化剂Lipophilic remover 亲油性洗净剂Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验Liquid film developer 液膜显像剂Local magnetization 局部磁化Local magnetization method 局部磁化法Local scan 局部扫查Localizing cone 定域喇叭筒Location 定位Location accuracy 定位精度Location computed 定位，计算Location marker 定位标记Location upon delta-T 时差定位Location， clusfer 定位，群集Location，continuous AE signal 定位，连续AE信号Longitudinal field 纵向磁场Longitudinal magnetization method 纵向磁化法Longitudinal resolution 纵向分辨率Longitudinal wave 纵波Longitudinal wave probe 纵波探头Longitudinal wave technique 纵波法Loss of back reflection 背面反射损失Loss of back reflection 底面反射损失Love wave 乐甫波Low energy gamma radiation 低能γ辐射Low－enerugy photon radiation 低能光子辐射Luminance 亮度Luminosity 流明Lusec 流西克Maga or million electron volts MeV兆电子伏特Magnetic history 磁化史Magnetic hysteresis 磁性滞后Magnetic particle field indication 磁粉磁场指示器Magnetic particle inspection flaw indications 磁粉检验的伤显示Magnetic circuit 磁路Magnetic domain 磁畴Magnetic field distribution 磁场分布Magnetic field indicator 磁场指示器Magnetic field meter 磁场计Magnetic field strength 磁场强度(H)Magnetic field/field，magnetic 磁场Magnetic flux 磁通Magnetic flux density 磁通密度Magnetic force 磁化力Magnetic leakage field 漏磁场Magnetic leakage flux 漏磁通Magnetic moment 磁矩Magnetic particle 磁粉Magnetic particle indication 磁痕Magnetic particle testing/magnetic particle examination 磁粉检测Magnetic permeability 磁导率Magnetic permeability 磁导率Magnetic pole 磁极Magnetic saturataion 磁饱和Magnetic saturation 磁饱和Magnetic slorage meclium 磁储介质Magnetic writing 磁写Magnetizing 磁化Magnetizing current 磁化电流Magnetizing coil 磁化线圈Magnetostrictive effect 磁致伸缩效应Magnetostrictive transducer 磁致伸缩换能器Main beam 主声束Manual testing 手动检测Markers 时标MA-scope; MA-scan MA型显示Masking 遮蔽Mass attcnuation coefficient 质量吸收系数Mass number 质量数Mass spectrometer （M.S.）质谱仪Mass spectrometer leak detector 质谱检漏仪Mass spectrum 质谱Master/slave discrimination 主从鉴别MDTD 最小可测温度差Mean free path 平均自由程Medium vacuum 中真空Mega or million volt MV兆伏特Micro focus X - ray tube 微焦点X 光管Microfocus radiography 微焦点射线透照术Micrometre 微米Micron of mercury 微米汞柱Microtron 电子回旋加速器Milliampere 毫安（mA）Millimetre of mercury 毫米汞柱Minifocus x- ray tube 小焦点调射线管Minimum detectable leakage rate 最小可探泄漏率Minimum resolvable temperature difference （MRTD）最小可分辨温度差（MRDT）Mode 波型Mode conversion 波型转换Mode transformation 波型转换Moderator 慢化器Modulation transfer function （MTF）调制转换功能（MTF）Modulation analysis 调制分析Molecular flow 分子流Molecular leak 分子泄漏Monitor 监控器Monochromatic 单色波Movement unsharpness 移动不清晰度Moving beam radiography 可动射束射线透照术Multiaspect magnetization method 多向磁化法Multidirectional magnetization 多向磁化Multifrequency eddy current testiog 多频涡流检测Multiple back reflections 多次背面反射Multiple reflections 多次反射Multiple back reflections 多次底面反射Multiple echo method 多次反射法Multiple probe technique 多探头法Multiple triangular array 多三角形阵列Narrow beam condition 窄射束NC NCNear field 近场Near field length 近场长度Near surface defect 近表面缺陷Net density 净黑度Net density 净(光学)密度Neutron 中子Neutron radiograhy 中子射线透照Neutron radiography 中子射线透照术Newton （N）牛顿Nier mass spectrometer 尼尔质谱仪Noise 噪声Noise 噪声Noise equivalent temperature difference （NETD）噪声当量温度差（NETD）Nominal angle 标称角度Nominal frequency 标称频率Non-aqueous liquid developer 非水性液体显像剂Noncondensable gas 非冷凝气体Nondcstructivc Examination（NDE）无损试验Nondestructive Evaluation（NDE）无损评价Nondestructive Inspection（NDI）无损检验Nondestructive Testing（NDT）无损检测Nonerasble optical data 可固定光学数据Nonferromugnetic material 非铁磁性材料Nonrelevant indication 非相关指示Non-screen-type film 非增感型胶片Normal incidence 垂直入射（亦见直射声束）Normal permeability 标准磁导率Normal beam method; straight beam method 垂直法Normal probe 直探头Normalized reactance 归一化电抗Normalized resistance 归一化电阻Nuclear activity 核活性Nuclide 核素Object plane resolution 物体平面分辨率Object scattered neutrons 物体散射中子Object beam 物体光束Object beam angle 物体光束角Object-film distance 被检体-胶片距离Object一film distance 物体- 胶片距离Over development 显影过度Over emulsfication 过乳化Overall magnetization 整体磁化Overload recovery time 过载恢复时间Overwashing 过洗Oxidation fog 氧化灰雾P PPair production 偶生成Pair production 电子对产生Pair production 电子偶的产生Palladium barrier leak detector 钯屏检漏仪Panoramic exposure 全景曝光Parallel scan 平行扫查Paramagnetic material 顺磁性材料Parasitic echo 干扰回波Partial pressure 分压Particle content 磁悬液浓度Particle velocity 质点(振动)速度Pascal （Pa）帕斯卡（帕）Pascal cubic metres per second 帕立方米每秒（Pa•m3/s ）Path length 光程长Path length difference 光程长度差Pattern 探伤图形Peak current 峰值电流Penetrameter 透度计Penetrameter sensitivity 透度计灵敏度Penetrant 渗透剂Penetrant comparator 渗透对比试块Penetrant flaw detection 渗透探伤Penetrant removal 渗透剂去除Penetrant station 渗透工位Penetrant， water- washable 水洗型渗透剂Penetration 穿透深度Penetration time 渗透时间Permanent magnet 永久磁铁Permeability coefficient 透气系数Permeability，a-c 交流磁导率Permeability，d－c 直流磁导率Phantom echo 幻象回波Phase analysis 相位分析Phase angle 相位角Phase controlled circuit breaker 断电相位控制器Phase detection 相位检测Phase hologram 相位全息Phase sensitive detector 相敏检波器Phase shift 相位移Phase velocity 相速度Phase-sensitive system 相敏系统Phillips ionization gage 菲利浦电离计Phosphor 荧光物质Photo fluorography 荧光照相术Photoelectric absorption 光电吸收Photographic emulsion 照相乳剂Photographic fog 照相灰雾Photostimulable luminescence 光敏发光Piezoelectric effect 压电效应Piezoelectric material 压电材料Piezoelectric stiffness constant 压电劲度常数Piezoelectric stress constant 压电应力常数Piezoelectric transducer 压电换能器Piezoelectric voltage constant 压电电压常数Pirani gage 皮拉尼计Pirani gage 皮拉尼计Pitch and catch technique 一发一收法Pixel 象素Pixel size 象素尺寸Pixel， disply size 象素显示尺寸Planar array 平面阵(列)Plane wave 平面波Plate wave 板波Plate wave technique 板波法Point source 点源Post emulsification 后乳化Post emulsifiable penetrant 后乳化渗透剂Post-cleaning 后清除Post-cleaning 后清洗Powder 粉未Powder blower 喷粉器Powder blower 磁粉喷枪Pre-cleaning 预清理Pressure difference 压力差Pressure dye test 压力着色检测Pressure probe 压力探头Pressure testing 压力检测Pressure- evacuation test 压力抽空检测Pressure mark 压痕Pressure,design 设计压力Pre-test 初探Primary coil 一次线圈Primary radiation 初级辐射Probe gas 探头气体Probe test 探头检测Probe backing 探头背衬Probe coil 点式线圈Probe coil 探头式线圈Probe coil clearance 探头线圈间隙Probe index 探头入射点Probe to weld distance 探头-焊缝距离Probe/ search unit 探头Process control radiograph 工艺过程控制的射线照相Processing capacity 处理能力Processing speed 处理速度Prods 触头Projective radiography 投影射线透照术Proportioning probe 比例探头Protective material 防护材料Proton radiography 质子射线透照Pulse 脉冲波Pulse 脉冲Pulse echo method 脉冲回波法Pulse repetition rate 脉冲重复率Pulse amplitude 脉冲幅度Pulse echo method 脉冲反射法Pulse energy 脉冲能量Pulse envelope 脉冲包络Pulse length 脉冲长度Pulse repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率Pulse tuning 脉冲调谐Pump- out tubulation 抽气管道Pump-down time 抽气时间Q factor Q值Quadruple traverse technique 四次波法Quality (of a beam of radiation) 射线束的质Quality factor 品质因数Quenching 阻塞Quenching of fluorescence 荧光的猝灭Quick break 快速断间Rad(rad) 拉德Radiance， L 面辐射率，LRadiant existence， M 幅射照度MRadiant flux； radiant power，ψe 辐射通量、辐射功率、ψe Radiation 辐射Radiation does 辐射剂量Radio frequency （r- f） display 射频显示Radio- frequency mass spectrometer 射频质谱仪Radio frequency(r-f) display 射频显示Radiograph 射线底片Radiographic contrast 射线照片对比度Radiographic equivalence factor 射线照相等效系数Radiographic exposure 射线照相曝光量Radiographic inspection 射线检测Radiographic inspection 射线照相检验Radiographic quality 射线照相质量Radiographic sensitivity 射线照相灵敏度Radiographic contrast 射线底片对比度Radiographic equivalence factor 射线透照等效因子Radiographic inspection 射线透照检查Radiographic quality 射线透照质量Radiographic sensitivity 射线透照灵敏度Radiography 射线照相术Radiological examination 射线检验Radiology 射线学Radiometer 辐射计Radiometry 辐射测量术Radioscopy 射线检查法Range 量程Rayleigh wave 瑞利波Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射Real image 实时图像Real-time radioscopy 实时射线检查法Rearm delay time 重新准备延时时间Rearm delay time 重新进入工作状态延迟时间Reciprocity failure 倒易律失效Reciprocity law 倒易律Recording medium 记录介质Recovery time 恢复时间Rectified alternating current 脉动直流电Reference block 参考试块Reference beam 参考光束Reference block 对比试块Reference block method 对比试块法Reference coil 参考线圈Reference line method 基准线法Reference standard 参考标准Reflection 反射Reflection coefficient 反射系数Reflection density 反射密度Reflector 反射体Refraction 折射Refractive index 折射率Refrence beam angle 参考光束角Reicnlbation 网纹Reject; suppression 抑制Rejection level 拒收水平Relative permeability 相对磁导率Relevant indication 相关指示Reluctance 磁阻Rem(rem) 雷姆Remote controlled testing 机械化检测Replenisers 补充剂Representative quality indicator 代表性质量指示器Residual magnetic field/field， residual magnetic 剩磁场Residual technique 剩磁技术Residual magnetic method 剩磁法Residual magnetism 剩磁Resistance （to flow）气阻Resolution 分辨力Resonance method 共振法Response factor 响应系数Response time 响应时间Resultant field 复合磁场Resultant magnetic field 合成磁场Resultant magnetization method 组合磁化法Retentivity 顽磁性Reversal 反转现象Ring-down count 振铃计数Ring-down count rate 振铃计数率Rinse 清洗Rise time 上升时间Rise-time discrimination 上升时间鉴别Rod-anode tube 棒阳极管Roentgen(R) 伦琴Roof angle 屋顶角Rotational magnetic field 旋转磁场Rotational magnetic field method 旋转磁场法Rotational scan 转动扫查Roughing 低真空Roughing line 低真空管道Roughing pump 低真空泵S SSafelight 安全灯Sampling probe 取样探头Saturation 饱和Saturation，magnetic 磁饱和Saturation level 饱和电平Scan on grid lines 格子线扫查Scan pitch 扫查间距Scanning 扫查Scanning index 扫查标记Scanning directly on the weld 焊缝上扫查Scanning path 扫查轨迹Scanning sensitivity 扫查灵敏度Scanning speed 扫查速度Scanning zone 扫查区域Scattared energy 散射能量Scatter unsharpness 散射不清晰度Scattered neutrons 散射中子Scattered radiation 散射辐射Scattering 散射Schlieren system 施利伦系统Scintillation counter 闪烁计数器Scintillator and scintillating crystals 闪烁器和闪烁晶体Screen 屏Screen unsharpness 荧光增感屏不清晰度Screen-type film 荧光增感型胶片SE probe SE探头Search-gas 探测气体Second critical angle 第二临界角Secondary radiation 二次射线Secondary coil 二次线圈Secondary radiation 次级辐射Selectivity 选择性Semi-conductor detector 半导体探测器Sensitirity va1ue 灵敏度值Sensitivity 灵敏度Sensitivity of leak test 泄漏检测灵敏度Sensitivity control 灵敏度控制Shear wave 切变波Shear wave probe 横波探头Shear wave technique 横波法Shim 薄垫片Shot 冲击通电Side lobe 副瓣Side wall 侧面Sievert(Sv) 希(沃特)Signal 信号Signal gradient 信号梯度Signal over load point 信号过载点Signal overload level 信号过载电平Signal to noise ratio 信噪比Single crystal probe 单晶片探头Single probe technique 单探头法Single traverse technique 一次波法Sizing technique 定量法Skin depth 集肤深度Skin effect 集肤效应Skip distance 跨距Skip point 跨距点Sky shine(air scatter) 空中散射效应Sniffing probe 嗅吸探头Soft X-rays 软X射线Soft-faced probe 软膜探头Solarization 负感作用Solenoid 螺线管Soluble developer 可溶显像剂Solvent remover 溶剂去除剂Solvent cleaners 溶剂清除剂Solvent developer 溶剂显像剂Solvent remover 溶剂洗净剂Solvent-removal penetrant 溶剂去除型渗透剂Sorption 吸着Sound diffraction 声绕射Sound insulating layer 隔声层Sound intensity 声强Sound intensity level 声强级Sound pressure 声压Sound scattering 声散射Sound transparent layer 透声层Sound velocity 声速Source 源Source data label 放射源数据标签Source location 源定位Source size 源尺寸Source-film distance 射线源-胶片距离Spacial frequency 空间频率Spark coil leak detector 电火花线圈检漏仪Specific activity 放射性比度Specified sensitivity 规定灵敏度Standard 标准Standard 标准试样Standard leak rate 标准泄漏率Standard leak 标准泄漏孔Standard tast block 标准试块Standardization instrument 设备标准化Standing wave; stationary wave 驻波Step wedge 阶梯楔块Step- wadge calibration film 阶梯楔块校准底片Step- wadge comparison film 阶梯楔块比较底片Step wedge 阶梯楔块Step-wedge calibration film 阶梯-楔块校准片Step-wedge comparison film 阶梯-楔块比较片Stereo-radiography 立体射线透照术Subject contrast 被检体对比度Subsurface discontinuity 近表面不连续性Suppression 抑制Surface echo 表面回波Surface field 表面磁场Surface noise 表面噪声Surface wave 表面波Surface wave probe 表面波探头Surface wave technique 表面波法Surge magnetization 脉动磁化Surplus sensitivity 灵敏度余量Suspension 磁悬液Sweep 扫描Sweep range 扫描范围Sweep speed 扫描速度Swept gain 扫描增益Swivel scan 环绕扫查System exanlillatien threshold 系统检验阈值System inclacel artifacts 系统感生物System noise 系统噪声Tackground， target 目标本底Tandem scan 串列扫查Target 耙Target 靶Television fluoroscopy 电视X射线荧光检查Temperature envelope 温度范围Tenth-value-layer(TVL) 十分之一值层Test coil 检测线圈Test quality level 检测质量水平Test ring 试环Test block 试块Test frequency 试验频率Test piece 试片Test range 探测范围Test surface 探测面Testing，ulrasonic 超声检测Thermal neutrons 热中子Thermocouple gage 热电偶计Thermogram 热谱图Thermography， infrared 红外热成象Thermoluminescent dosemeter(TLD) 热释光剂量计Thickness sensitivity 厚度灵敏度Third critiical angle 第三临界角Thixotropic penetrant 摇溶渗透剂Thormal resolution 热分辨率Threading bar 穿棒Three way sort 三档分选Threshold setting 门限设置Threshold fog 阈值灰雾Threshold level 阀值Threshotd tcnet 门限电平Throttling 节流Through transmission technique 穿透技术Through penetration technique 贯穿渗透法Through transmission technique; transmission technique 穿透法Through-coil technique 穿过式线圈技术Throughput 通气量Tight 密封Total reflection 全反射Totel image unsharpness 总的图像不清晰度Tracer probe leak location 示踪探头泄漏定位Tracer gas 示踪气体Transducer 换能器/传感器Transition flow 过渡流Translucent base media 半透明载体介质Transmission 透射Transmission densitomefer 发射密度计Transmission coefficient 透射系数Transmission point 透射点Transmission technique 透射技术Transmittance，τ透射率τTransmitted film density 检测底片黑度Transmitted pulse 发射脉冲Transverse resolution 横向分辨率Transverse wave 横波Traveling echo 游动回波Travering scan; depth scan 前后扫查Triangular array 正三角形阵列Trigger/alarm condition 触发/报警状态Trigger/alarm level 触发/报警标准Triple traverse technique 三次波法True continuous technique 准确连续法技术Trueattenuation 真实衰减Tube current 管电流Tube head 管头Tube shield 管罩Tube shutter 管子光闸Tube window 管窗Tube-shift radiography 管子移位射线透照术Two-way sort 两档分选Ultra- high vacuum 超高真空Ultrasonic leak detector 超声波检漏仪Ultrasonic noise level 超声噪声电平Ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洗Ultrasonic field 超声场Ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤Ultrasonic flaw detector 超声探伤仪Ultrasonic microscope 超声显微镜Ultrasonic spectroscopy 超声频谱Ultrasonic testing system 超声检测系统Ultrasonic thickness gauge 超声测厚仪Ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射Under development 显影不足Unsharpness 不清晰Useful density range 有效光学密度范围UV-A A类紫外辐射UV-A filter A类紫外辐射滤片Vacuum 真空Vacuum cassette 真空暗盒Vacuum testing 真空检测Vacuum cassette 真空暗合Van de Graaff generator 范德格喇夫起电机Vapor pressure 蒸汽压Vapour degreasing 蒸汽除油Variable angle probe 可变角探头Vee path V型行程Vehicle 载体Vertical linearity 垂直线性Vertical location 垂直定位Visible light 可见光Vitua limage 虚假图像Voltage threshold 电压阈值Voltage threshold 阈值电压Wash station 水洗工位Water break test 水膜破坏试验Water column coupling method 水柱耦合法Water column probe 水柱耦合探头Water path; water distance 水程Water tolerance 水容限Water-washable penetrant 可水洗型渗透剂Wave 波Wave guide acoustic emission 声发射波导杆Wave train 波列Wave from 波形Wave front 波前Wave length 波长Wave node 波节Wave train 波列Wedge 斜楔Wet slurry technique 湿软磁膏技术Wet technique 湿法技术。

物理学专业英语词汇

物理学专业英语词汇摘要：物理学是一门研究自然界最基本的规律和现象的科学，它涉及到许多专业的英语词汇，对于物理学专业的学习者来说，掌握这些词汇是非常重要的。

本文根据物理学的不同分支，整理了一些常用的物理学专业英语词汇，并用表格的形式给出了中文和英文的对照，以便于读者查阅和记忆。

本文旨在为物理学专业的学习者提供一个参考资料，帮助他们提高英语水平和物理知识。

1. 基础物理 Basic Physics中文英文物理量physical quantity物理单位physical unit标准单位standard unit国际单位制International System of Units (SI)基本量base quantity导出量derived quantity标量scalar矢量vector位移displacement速度velocity加速度acceleration力force动量momentum动能kinetic energy势能potential energy能量守恒conservation of energy功work功率power压强pressure浮力buoyancy摩擦力friction force弹力elastic force重力gravity force引力常数gravitational constant圆周运动circular motion向心力centripetal force简谐振动simple harmonic motion振幅amplitude频率frequency周期period2. 热学 Thermodynamics中文英文温度temperature热力学温标thermodynamic temperature scale 开尔文温标Kelvin temperature scale摄氏温标Celsius temperature scale华氏温标Fahrenheit temperature scale热平衡thermal equilibrium热力学第零定律zeroth law of thermodynamics热量heat热容量heat capacity比热容specific heat capacity理想气体定律ideal gas law普适气体常数universal gas constant3. 光学 Optics中文英文光light光源light source光线light ray光束light beam光波light wave波长wavelength频率frequency振幅amplitude相位phase干涉interference衍射diffraction偏振polarization光速speed of light折射率refractive index折射定律law of refraction反射定律law of reflection全反射total reflection透镜lens镜头lens焦距focal length焦点focus物镜objective lens可见光visible light紫外光ultraviolet light红外光infrared light4. 电学 Electricity中文英文电荷electric charge电流electric current电压electric voltage电阻electric resistance电阻率resistivity电容electric capacitance电容率permittivity5. 原子物理 Atomic Physics中文英文原子atom原子核atomic nucleus原子序数atomic number原子量atomic mass原子半径atomic radius原子轨道atomic orbit电子electron质子proton中子neutron电子云electron cloud电子壳层electron shell价电子valence electron离子ion同位素isotope同素异形体allotrope核裂变nuclear fission核聚变nuclear fusion核反应堆nuclear reactor核武器nuclear weapon6. 量子物理 Quantum Physics中文英文量子quantum量子力学quantum mechanics量子场论quantum field theory量子数quantum number量子态quantum state量子纠缠quantum entanglement量子隧穿quantum tunneling测不准原理uncertainty principle薛定谔方程Schrödinger equation海森堡矩阵力学Heisenberg matrix mechanics 7. 固体物理 Solid State Physics中文英文固体solid晶体crystal晶格lattice晶胞unit cell晶面指数Miller index点阵常数lattice constant点缺陷point defect线缺陷line defect8. 电磁学 Electromagnetism中文英文电荷electric charge电流electric current电场electric field电势electric potential电压electric voltage电阻electric resistance电阻率resistivity电容electric capacitance电容率permittivity电感electric inductance电磁感应electromagnetic induction电磁波electromagnetic wave磁场magnetic field磁通量magnetic flux磁感应强度magnetic induction intensity磁化率magnetic susceptibility磁导率magnetic permeability9. 光子学 Photonics中文英文光子photon光源light source光纤optical fiber光波导optical waveguide光谱spectrum光谱仪spectrometer激光器laser半导体激光器semiconductor laser激光二极管laser diode发光二极管light-emitting diode (LED)光探测器photodetector光电倍增管photomultiplier tube (PMT) 10. 流体力学 Fluid Mechanics中文英文流体fluid气体gas液体liquid粘性viscosity粘滞力viscous force流速flow velocity流量flow rate流线streamline管流pipe flow层流laminar flow湍流turbulent flow雷诺数Reynolds number伯努利方程Bernoulli's equation压力差pressure difference水头head水锤现象water hammer11. 波动光学 Wave Optics中文英文光波light wave波前wavefront光程差optical path difference干涉条纹interference fringe干涉仪interferometer杨氏双缝实验Young's double-slit experiment 迈克尔逊干涉仪Michelson interferometer法布里-珀罗干涉仪Fabry-Perot interferometer衍射现象diffraction phenomenon衍射级数diffraction order中文英文衍射极限diffraction limit单缝衍射single-slit diffraction双缝衍射double-slit diffraction12. 相对论 Relativity中文英文相对论relativity狭义相对论special relativity广义相对论general relativity惯性系inertial frame参考系reference frame洛伦兹变换Lorentz transformation洛伦兹收缩Lorentz contraction时间膨胀time dilation质能方程mass-energy equation光速不变原理principle of constancy of light speed 相对性原理principle of relativity引力场gravitational field引力波gravitational wave弯曲的时空curved spacetime13. 核物理 Nuclear Physics中文英文核物理nuclear physics原子核atomic nucleus核子nucleon质子proton中子neutron核力nuclear force核结合能nuclear binding energy核裂变nuclear fission核聚变nuclear fusion放射性元素radioactive element放射性衰变radioactive decay半衰期half-lifeα衰变alpha decayβ衰变beta decay。

灯具行业的必备中英词汇

电工术语照明1.电磁辐射——electromagnetic radiation2.光学辐射——optical radiation3.可见辐射——visible radiation4.红外辐射——infrared radiation5.紫外辐射——ultraviolet radiation6.单色辐射——monochromatic radiation7.光谱——spectrum8.光谱线——spectral line9.偏振辐射——polarized radiation10.相干辐射——coherent radiation11.干涉——interference12.衍射——diffraction13.波长——wavelength14.波数——wave number15.光谱的——spectral16.光谱密集度——spectral concentration17.光谱分布——spectral concentration18.相对光谱分布——relative spectral distribution19.电源——point source20.球面度——steradian21.辐射量光度量和光子量及其单位——radiation luminous and photon quantities and theirunits22.光刺激——light stimulus23.光谱光视效率——spectral luminous efficiency24.CIE标准光度观测者——CIE standard photometric observer25.辐通量——radiant flux26.辐射功率——radiant power27.光通量——luminous flux28.光子通量——photon flux29.辐射通量——radiant energy30.光量——quantity of light31.光子数——number of photon ；photon number32.辐射强度——radiant intensity33.发光强度——luminous intensity34.光子强度——photonintensity35.几何因子——geometric extent36.辐射亮度——radiance37.光亮度——luminance38.光子辐亮度——photon radiance39.辐射强度——irradiance40.照度——illuminance41.光子辐照度——photon irradiance42.球面辐照度；辐射流率——spherical irradiance ；radiant fluence rate43.柱面辐照度——cylindrical irradiance44.曝辐射量——radiant exposure45.曝光量——luminous exposure；46.曝光子量——photon exposure47.球面曝辐射量——radiant spherical exposure；radiant fluence48.柱面曝辐射量——radiant cylindrical exposure49.辐射出射度——radiant exitance50.光出射度——luminous exitance51.光子出射度——photon exitance52.坎德拉——candela53.流明——lumen54.勒克斯——Lux55.坎德拉每平方米——candela per square metre56.辐射效率——radiant efficiency57.光源的光视效能——luminous efficacy of a source58.辐射的光视效能——luminous efficacy of radiation59.光视效率——luminous efficiency60.等效（光）亮度——equivalent luminous61.点耀度——point brilliance62.视星等（天体的）——apparent magnitude63.视网膜——retina64.锥状细胞——cones65.柱状细胞——rods66.黄斑——yellow spot；macula lutea67.中央凹——fovea；fovea centralis68.小凹——foveola69.色适应——chromatic adaptation70.明视觉——photopic vision71.暗视觉——scotopic vision72.中间视觉——mesopic vision73.夜盲——hemeralopia；night-blindness74.色觉缺陷——defective colour vision75.普尔金耶现象——Purkinje phenomenon76.方向效应——directional effect77.物体色——object-colour78.表面色——surface colour79.小孔色——aperture colour80.发光色——luminous colour81.非发光色——non-luminous colour82.相关色——related colour83.非相关色——unrelated colour84.非彩色——achromatic colour85.彩色——chromatic colour86.视亮度——brightness87.明亮的——bright88.暗淡的——dim89.明度——lightness90.光亮的——light91.黑暗的——dark92.色调——hue93.单一色调——unitary hue；unique hue94.二元色调——binary hue95.阿布尼现象——Abney phenomenon96.色浓度——chromaticness；colourfulness97.色饱和度——saturation98.彩度——chroma99.视觉分辨力——visual acuity；visual resolution100.调式——accommodation101.对比——contrast102.对比灵敏度——contrast sensitivity103.闪烁——flicker104.融合频率——fusion frequency105.塔尔波特定律——Talbot’law106.眩光——glare107.直接眩光——direct glare108.反射眩光——glare by reflections109.光幕眩光——veiling glare110.不舒适眩光——discomfort glare111.失能眩光——disability glare112.等效光幕亮度——equivalent veiling luminous113.显色性——colour rendering114.参照照明体——reference illuminant115.显色指数——colour rendering index116.CIE1974特殊显色指数——CIE 1974 special colour rendering index 117.CIE1974平均显色指数——CIE1974 general colour rendering index 118.照明体色位移——illuminant colorimetric shift119.适应色位移——adaptive colour shift120.总的色位移——resultant colour shift121.色刺激——colour stimulus122.色刺激函数——colour stimulus function123.相对色刺激函数——relative colour stimulus function124.同色异谱色刺激——metameric stimulus125.同色异谱——metamers126.非彩色刺激——achromatic stimulus127.彩色刺激——chromatic stimulus128.单色刺激——monochromatic stimulus129.光谱刺激——spectral stimulus130.互补色刺激——complementary colour stimulus131.照明体——illuminant132.日光照明体——daylight illuminant133.CIE 标准照明体——CIE standard illuminant134.CIE 标准光源——CIE standard source135.等能光源——equi-energy spectrum；equal energy spectrum136.三色系统——trichromatic systems137.色刺激相加混合——additive mixture of colour stimulus138.色匹配——colour matching139.三色系统——trichromatic system140.参照物刺激——reference colour timulus141.三刺激值——tristimulus value142.色匹配函数——colour-matching functions143.色方程——colour equation144.色空间——colour space145.色立体——colour solid146.色集——colour atlas147.CIE 1931标准色度系（XYZ）——CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system148.CIE 1964 补充标准色度系统——CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system 149.CIE 色匹配函数——CIE colour-matching function150.CIE 1931标准色度观测者——CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer151.CIE 1964 补充标准色度观测者——CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric observer152.色品——chromaticity153.色品坐标——chromaticty coordinates154.色品图——chromaticity diagram,155.光谱色的色品坐标——spectral chromaticity coordinates156.光谱轨迹——spectrum locus157.紫色刺激——purple stimulus158.紫色边界——purple boundary159.最佳色刺激——optimal colour stimuli160.普朗克轨迹——Planckian locus161.日光轨迹——daylight locus162.零亮度面——alychne163.主波长——dominant wavelength164.补色波长——complementary wavelength165.纯色——purity166.色度纯度——colorimetric purity167.兴奋纯度——excitation purity168.颜色温度，色度——colour temperature169.相关色温——correlated colour temperature170.均匀颜色空间——uniform colour spaces171.均匀色品标度图——uniform-chromaticity-scale diagram；UCS diagram 172.发射——emission173.热发射——thermal radiation174.黑体——blackbody175.普朗克定律——Planckian’s law176.方向发射率——directional emissivity177.选择性辐射体——selective radiator178.非选择性辐射体——non-selective radiator179.灰体——grey body180.（单色）辐射亮度温度——（monochromatic）radiance temperature 181.分布温度——distribution temperature182.白炽——incandescence183.能级——energy level184.激发——excitation185.发光——luminescence186.光致发光——photoluminescence187.荧光——fluorescence188.余辉——afterglow189.反斯托克斯发光——anti-Stokes luminescence190.磷光——phosphorescence191.场致发光——electroluminescence192.阴极发光——cathodoluminescence193.辐射发光——radioluminescence194.化学发光——chemiluminescence195.生物发光——bioluminescence196.摩擦发光——triboluminescence197.热致发光——thermally activated luminescence ; thermoluminescence 198.发光二极体——lighting emitting diode199.发射——reflection200.透射——transmission201.漫射——diffusion202.散射——scattering203.规则反射——regular reflection204.镜反射——direct transmission205.规则透射——regular transmission206.直透射——direct transmission207.漫反射——diffuse reflection208.漫透射——diffuse transmission209.混合发射——mixed transmission210.各向同性漫反射——isotropic diffuse reflection211.漫射体——diffuser212.完全漫发射体——perfect reflecting diffuser213.完全漫透射体——perfect transmitting diffuser214.透明煤质——transparent medium215.半透明煤质——translucent medium216.不透明煤质——opaque medium217.光度计——photometer218.照度计——illuminance meter219.光度计——luminance meter220.色度计——colorimeter221.闪烁光度计——flicker photometer222.上升时间——rise time223.下降时间——fall time224.光效应——photoeffect225.感光度——actinism226.自发光光源——primary light source227.次极光源——secondary light source228.灯——lamp229.白炽灯——incandescent lamps230.碳丝灯——carbon filament lamp231.金属丝灯——metal filament lamp232.钨丝灯——tungsten filament lamp233.真空白炽灯——vacuum incandescent lamp234.充气白炽灯——gas-filled incandescent lamp235.放电（在气体中）——electric discharge（in a gas）236.辉光放电——glow discharge237.阴极电压降——cathode fall238.正常阴极电压降——normal cathode fall239.异常阴极电压降——abnormal cathode fall240.放电灯——discharge lamp241.负辉光灯——negative-glow lamp242.高强度放电灯——high intensity discharge lamp243.高压汞（蒸汽）灯——high pressure mercury244.自镇流汞灯——blended lamp；self-ballasted245.低压汞（蒸汽）灯——low pressure mercury246.高压钠（蒸汽）灯——pressure sodium （vapour）lamp 247.低压钠（蒸汽）灯——low pressure sodium（vapour）lamp 248.金属卤化物灯——metal halide lamp249.荧光灯——fluorescent lamp250.冷阴极灯——cold cathode lamp251.热阴极灯——hot cathode lamp252.冷启动灯——cold-start lamp253.瞬时启动灯——instant lamp254.预热灯——preheat lamp255.热启动灯——hot-star lamp256.开关启动荧光灯——swith-start fluorescent lamp257.无启动器荧光灯——258.弧光灯——arc lamp259.短弧灯——short-arc lamp；compact-source arc discharge lamp 260.长弧灯——long-arc lamp261.特种灯或专用灯——lamps of special types or special purposes 262.聚光灯——prefocus lamp263.反射灯——reflector lamp264.压制玻璃灯——pressed glass lamp265.密闭光束灯——sealed beam lamp266.投光灯——projector lamp267.投影灯——projection lamp268.摄影灯——photoflood lamp269.闪光灯——photoflash lamp270.闪光管——flash lamp271.电子闪光灯——electronic-flash lamp272.昼光灯——daylight lamp273.黑光灯——black light lamp274.钨带灯——tungsten ribbon lamp275.红外线灯——infrared lamp276.紫外线灯——ultraviolet lamp277.杀菌灯——bactericidal lamp278.光谱灯——spectroscopic lamp279.基准灯——reference lamp280.次级标准灯——secondary standard lamp281.工作标准灯——working standard lamp282.额定功率——rated power283.寿命——life284.寿命试验——life test285.X%灯失效时的寿命——life to X% failures286.平均寿命——average life287.发光元件——luminous element288.灯丝——filament289.直丝灯丝——straight filament290.单螺旋灯丝——single-coil filament291.双螺旋灯丝——coiled-coil filament292.玻壳——bulb293.透明玻壳——clear bulb294.磨砂玻壳——frosted bulb295.乳白玻壳——opal bulb296.涂层玻壳——coated bulb297.反射玻壳——reflectorized bulb298.漆膜玻壳——enamelled bulb299.彩色玻壳——coloured bulb300.硬料玻壳——hard glass bulb301.灯头——cap；basse（USA）302.螺旋式灯头——screw cap；screw base（USA）303.卡口式灯头——bayonet cap；bayonet base （USA）304.圆筒式灯头——Shell cap；Shell base305.插脚式灯头——pin cap；pin base306.预聚焦式灯头——prefocus cap；prefocus base307.卡口销钉——bayonet pin308.接触片——contact plate；eyelet309.插脚——pin；post310.灯座——lampholder311.连接器——connector312.主电极——main electrode313.启动电极——staring electrode314.放电管——arc tube315.发射唔知——emissive material316.启动带——staring strip；staring stripe317.启动装置——staring device318.启动器——starter319.触发器——ignitor320.镇流器——ballast321.半导体镇流器——semiconductor ballast322.基准镇流器——reference ballast323.调光器——dimmer324.自然光——daylighting325.照明——lighting326.照明技术——lighting technology327.照明工程——illuminating engineering328.照明环境——lighting environment329.视觉功能——visual performance330.等效对比度——equivalent contrast331.照明类型——types of lighting332.普通照明——general lighting333.局部照明——local lighting334.定位照明——localized lighting335.昼光补充照明——permanent supplementary artificial lighting 336.应急照明——emergency lighting337.太平门照明——escape lighting338.安全照明——safety lighting339.备用照明——stand-by lighting340.直接照明——direct lighting341.半直接照明——semi-direct lighting342.普通漫射照明——general diffused lighting343.半间接照明——semi-indirect lighting344.间接照明——indirect lighting345.定向照明——directional lighting346.漫射照明——diffused lighting347.泛光照明——floodlighting348.聚光照明——spotlighting349.照明矢量——illuminance vector350.发光强度——distribution of luminous intensity351.对称光强度分布——symmetrical luminous intensity distribution352.旋转对称光强度分布——rotationally symmetrical luminous intensity distribution 353.平均球面光强度——mean spherical luminous intensity354.等光强曲线——iso-intensity curve；iso-intensity line（USA）355.等光强图——iso-intensity diagram356.半峰发散角——half-peak divergence；one-half-peak spread（USA）357.累计光通量——cumulative flux358.球面带光通量——zonal flux359.总光通量——total flux360.向下光通量——downward flux361.向上光通量——upward flux362.累积向下光通量比——cumulative downward flux proportion363.光通量三联体——flux triplet364.光学光输出效率——optical light output ratio365.灯具效率——light output ratio366.向下光通量——downward flux367.向上光通量——upward flux368.灯具效率——light output radio369.向下灯具效率——downward light output radio370.向下光通量损耗——downward flux fraction371.光通量规则——flux code372.放大率——magnification radio373.直接光通量——direct flux374.间接光通量——indirect flux375.正比——direct ratio376.照明灯光通量密度——installed lamp flux density377.照明装置光通量密度——installation flux density378.基准面——reference surface379.工作面——work plane；working plane380.照明利用率——utilization factor381.照明利用系数——coefficient of utilization382.对比照明利用率——reduced utilization factor383.固有照明利用率——utilance384.等亮度曲线——isoluminance curve385.等照度曲线——iso-illuminance curve386.照明均匀度——uniformity radio of illuminance387.间距——spacing388.对称灯具——symmetrical luminaire389.非对称灯具——asymmetrical luminaire390.广角灯具——wide angle luminaire391.普通灯具——ordinary luminaire392.防护灯具——protected luminaire393.隔爆型防爆灯具——flameproof luminaire394.可调式灯具——adjustable luminaire395.可移式灯具——portable luminaire396.悬挂式灯具——pendant luminaire；suspended luminaire 397.升降式悬挂灯具——rise and fall pendant398.嵌入式灯具——recessed luminaire399.槽形灯具——troffer400.格栅灯具——coffer401.下射灯具——downlight402.壁灯灯具——bulkhead light403.窗帘式灯具——valance lighting404.穹顶灯具——cove lighting405.落地灯具——standard lamp；floor lamp406.台灯——table lamp407.手提灯——hand-lamp408.手电筒——torch409.灯串——lighting chain410.投光灯具——projector411.探照灯——searchlight412.聚光灯——spotlight413.泛光灯——floodlight414.遮光——cut-off415.遮光角——cut-off angle416.屏蔽角——shielding angle417.折射角——refractor418.反射角——reflector419.漫射器——diffuser420.碗形罩——bowl421.球形罩——globe422.灯罩——shade423.漫射格网——louvre ；louve（USA）424.遮光罩——spiu shield425.防护玻璃——protective glass426.灯具防护罩——luminaire guard427.摄影室泛光照明——studio floodlight428.反射型聚光灯——reflector spotlight429.透镜聚光灯——lens spotlight430.轮廓聚光灯——profile spotlight431.效果投光灯——effects spotlight432.柔光照明——softlight433.矿井照明用灯具——luminaires for mine lighting434.矿井用灯具——mine luminaire435.头灯——cap lamp436.头灯前照灯——headpiece437.矿井安全灯——mine safety lamp438.便携式矿井用灯具——portable mine luminaire 439.矿井营救灯具——mine rescue luminaire440.气压灯——air-turbo lamp；compressed air luminaire 441.地道灯具——haulageway luminaire442.采掘面灯具——face luminaire443.感应式灯具——induction luminaire444.许可灯具——permissible luminaire445.本质安全灯具——intrinsically safe luminaire 446.矿车尾灯——paddy lamp；trip lamp447.视觉信号——visual signal448.光信号——light signal449.标志——sign450.矩阵标志——matrix sign451.信号灯——signal light452.（导航）标志——navigation mark453.浮标——beacon454.固定灯光——fixed light455.间歇灯光——rhythmic light456.闪烁灯光——flashing light457.等相灯光——isophase light458.隐显灯光——occulting light459.交变灯光——alternating460.摆动灯光——reciprocating lights461.日光幻象——sun phantom462.微光——loom463.有效强度——effective intensity464.能见度——visibility465.大气透射率——atmospheric transmissivity466.气象光学范围——meteorological optical range 467.视觉范围——visual range468.地理范围——geographical range469.点视觉——point vision470.发光范围——luminous range471.标称范围——nominal range472.灯塔——lighthouse473.扇形灯光——sector light474.定向灯光——directiona light475.方向标——leading marks476.导航标灯——leading lights477.灯船——light vessel478.浮标——buoy479.照明浮标——lighted buoy480.浮体船——float481.横向标志——lateral mark482.横向灯光——lateral light483.主标志——cardinal mark484.主灯光——cardinal light485.导航灯——navigation light486.侧灯——sidelight487.船尾灯——stern light488.导航地灯——aeronautical ground light 489.障碍灯——obstacle light490.识别标志灯——identification beacon 491.机场标志灯——aerodrome beacon492.条形灯光——barrette493.跑道灯——runway lights494.横向光带——cross bar495.侧面光带——wing bar496.防撞灯——anti-collision light497.着陆灯——landing light498.滑行灯——taxing light499.交通信号——traffic sign500.交通灯——traffic light501.标志杆——marker post502.界标——delineator503.道路标志——road marking504.地面路标——road stud505.前灯——headlight506.远光灯——main-beam headlight507.近光灯——dipped-beam headlight508.前雾灯——front fog light509.前示宽灯——front position light510.后示宽灯——rear position light511.停车灯——parking light512.后雾灯——rear fog light513.倒车灯——reversing light514.刹车灯——brake light515.方向指示灯——direction indicator516.示警灯——hazard warningsignal517.号码牌灯——number-plate light518.后注册牌灯——rear registration-plate light 519.牌照灯——licenceplate light520.标志灯——markerlight。

光学英语知识点总结

光学英语知识点总结1. Nature of LightLight is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. It travels in the form of waves, with a specific wavelength and frequency. It can also be described as a stream of particles called photons. The wave-particle duality of light is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, and it has important implications for the behavior of light in different situations.2. Behavior of Light WavesLight waves can exhibit several important phenomena, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. When a light wave encounters a boundary between two different media, it may be reflected, refracted, or both. The laws of reflection and refraction describe how light waves behave at such boundaries, and they are fundamental to our understanding of optics.Diffraction is the bending of light waves around obstacles or through small openings, which leads to the spreading of light into a pattern of bright and dark regions. Interference is the interaction of multiple light waves, which can lead to the reinforcement or cancellation of the waves, producing a pattern of bright and dark fringes. These phenomena are important in many optical applications, such as the design of lenses, mirrors, and optical instruments.3. Polarization of LightPolarization is another important property of light waves, which describes the orientation of the oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields in the wave. Light waves can be polarized in different ways, including linear, circular, and elliptical polarization. Polarization has important applications in various optical technologies, such as 3D movie glasses, glare-reducing sunglasses, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs).4. Applications of OpticsOptics has many practical applications in various fields, including astronomy, microscopy, photography, telecommunications, and laser technology. In astronomy, telescopes and other optical instruments are used to study the universe and observe distant objects in the sky. In microscopy, optical techniques are used to visualize and analyze tiny structures and particles, such as cells and molecules.In photography, cameras and lenses are used to capture and record images using the principles of optics. In telecommunications, optical fibers are used to transmit and receive data at high speeds over long distances, enabling the internet and other communication networks. Laser technology is another important application of optics, with a wide range of uses in medicine, industry, and research.In conclusion, optics is a fascinating and important branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light. It covers a wide range of topics, including the nature of light, the behavior of light waves, and the applications of optics in various fields. Understanding the principles of optics is essential for many technological and scientific advancements, and it continues to be a vibrant and active area of research and innovation.。

光的衍射英语作文

光的衍射英语作文如下：Title: The Phenomenon of Light DiffractionLight diffraction is a fascinating optical phenomenon that has captivated scientists and laypeople alike for centuries. At its core, diffraction refers to the bending of light waves around an obstacle or through an aperture, resulting in a deviation from the expected straight-line path. This intriguing behavior of light not only challenges our intuitive understanding of how light should behave but also plays a crucial role in various applications, from fiber optics to medical imaging.To delve into the world of light diffraction, it's essential to grasp the basic principles of wave optics. Light, as described by the wave theory, consists of oscillating electromagnetic fields that travel in waves. When these waves encounter an obstacle or aperture whose dimensions are comparable to the wavelength of light, they cannot maintain their original direction of propagation. Instead, they spread out and interfere with one another, leading to the characteristic patterns associated with diffraction, such as the bright and dark bands observed in diffraction gratings.One classic experiment that demonstrates light diffraction is the double-slit experiment. Here, a beam of light is directed towards a screen with two closely spaced slits. Rather than producing two distinct lines on the screen, corresponding to each slit, the result is a series of alternating light and dark bands. This pattern arises because the waves passing through each slit interfere with one another, constructively in the bright bands and destructively in the dark ones.The mathematical description of diffraction involves complex wave equations, which can be solved using techniques from physics and mathematics. These solutions allow us to predict the intensity distribution of light after diffraction and have been instrumental in the design of optical instruments such as telescopes and microscopes. Moreover, the principles of diffraction have found application in technologies like holography, where interference patterns are used to reconstruct three-dimensional images.Despite its utility, light diffraction also presents challenges in certain contexts, such as in the resolution limits of optical systems. The diffractive spreading of light can blur images, making it difficult to achieve high resolution in imaging devices. However, by understanding and manipulating diffraction effects, scientists have developed methods to enhance image quality, such as phase-contrast microscopy and adaptive optics.In conclusion, light diffraction is a profound natural phenomenon that reveals the wave-like nature of light and has significant implications for both pure science and technological innovation. Its study has led to a deeper understanding of the behavior of light and has inspired countless advancements in optics and photonics. As we continue to explore the properties of light and its interaction with matter, the concept of diffraction remains a cornerstone of modern physics, offering endless opportunities for discovery and application.。

光电技术专业词汇

《光电技术》专业英语词汇Absorption coefficient 吸收系数Acceptance angle 接收角fibers 光纤Acceptors in semiconductors 半导体接收器Acousto-optic modulator 声光调制Bragg diffraction 布拉格衍射Air disk 艾里斑angular radius 角半径Airy rings 艾里环anisotropy 各向异性optical 光学的refractive index 各向异性Antireflection coating 抗反膜Argon-ion laser 氩离子激光器Attenuation coefficient 衰减系数Avalanche 雪崩breakdown voltage 击穿电压multiplication factor 倍增因子noise 燥声Avalanche photodiode(APD) 雪崩二极管absorption region in APD APD 吸收区域characteristics-table 特性表格guard ring 保护环internal gain 内增益noise 噪声photogeneration 光子再生primary photocurrent 起始光电流principle 原理responsivity of InGaAs InGaAs 响应度separate absorption and multiplication(SAM) 分离吸收和倍增separate absorption grading and multiplication(SAGM) 分离吸收等级和倍增silicon 硅Average irradiance 平均照度Bandgap 带隙energy gap 能级带隙bandgap diagram 带隙图Bandwidth 带宽Beam 光束Beam splitter cube立方分束器Biaxial crystals 双轴晶体Birefringent 双折射Bit rate 位率Black body radiation law 黑体辐射法则Bloch wave in a crystal 晶体中布洛赫波Boundary conditions 边界条件Bragg angle 布拉格角度Bragg diffraction condition 布拉格衍射条件Bragg wavelength 布拉格波长Brewster angle 布鲁斯特角Brewster window 布鲁斯特窗Calcite霰石Carrier confinement 载流子限制Centrosymmetric crystals 中心对称晶体Chirping 啁啾Cladding覆层Coefficient of index grating 指数光栅系数Coherence 连贯性Compensation doping 掺杂补偿Conduction band 导带Conductivity 导电性Confining layers 限制层Conjugate image 共轭像Cut-off wavelength 截止波长Degenerate semiconductor简并半导体Density of states 态密度Depletion layer 耗尽层Detectivity 探测率Dielectric mirrors 介电质镜像Diffraction 衍射Diffraction grating 衍射光栅Diffraction grating equation 衍射光栅等式Diffusion current 扩散电流Diffusion flux 扩散流量Diffusion Length 扩散长度Diode equation 二极管公式Diode ideality factor 二极管理想因子Direct recombination 直接复合Dispersion 散射Dispersive medium 散射介质Distributed Bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射器Donors in semiconductors 施主离子Doppler broadened linewidth 多普勒扩展线宽Doppler effect 多普勒效应Doppler shift 多普勒位移Doppler-heterostructure 多普勒同质结构Drift mobility漂移迁移率Drift Velocity 漂移速度Effective density of states 有效态密度Effective mass 有效质量Efficiency 效率Einstein coefficients 爱因斯坦系数Electrical bandwidth of fibers 光纤电子带宽Electromagnetic wave 电磁波Electron affinity 电子亲和势Electron potential energy in a crystal 晶体电子阱能量Electro-optic effects 光电子效应Energy band 能量带宽Energy band diagram 能量带宽图Energy level 能级Epitaxial growth外延生长Erbium doped fiber amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器Excess carrier distribution 过剩载流子扩散External photocurrent 外部光电流Extrinsic semiconductors 本征半导体Fabry-Perot laser amplifier 法布里-珀罗激光放大器Fabry-Perot optical resonator 法布里-珀罗光谐振器Faraday effect 法拉第效应Fermi-Dirac function 费米狄拉克结Fermi energy 费米能级Fill factor 填充因子Free spectral range 自由谱范围Fresnel’s equations菲涅耳方程Fresnel’s optical indicatrix 菲涅耳椭圆球Full width at half maximum半峰宽Full width at half power半功率带宽Gaussian beam 高斯光束Gaussian dispersion 高斯散射Gaussian pulse 高斯脉冲Glass perform玻璃预制棒Goos Haenchen phase shift Goos Haenchen相位移Graded index rod lens 梯度折射率棒透镜Group delay 群延迟Group velocity 群参数Half-wave plate retarder 半波延迟器Helium-Neon laser氦氖激光器Heterojunction 异质结Heterostructure 异质结构Hole 空穴Hologram 全息图Holography 全息照相Homojunction 同质结Huygens-Fresnel principle惠更斯-菲涅耳原理Impact-ionization 碰撞电离Index matching 指数匹配Injection 注射Instantaneous irradiance 自发辐射Integrated optics 集成光路Intensity of light 光强Intersymbol interference 符号间干扰Intrinsic concentration本征浓度Intrinsic semiconductors 本征半导体Irradiance 辐射LASER 激光active medium 活动介质active region 活动区域amplifiers 放大器cleaved-coupled-cavity解理耦合腔distributed Bragg reflection 分布布拉格反射distributed feedback 分布反馈efficiency of the He-Ne 氦氖效率multiple quantum well 多量子阱oscillation condition 振荡条件Laser diode 激光二极管Lasing emission 激光发射LED 发光二极管Lineshape function 线形结Linewidth 线宽Lithium niobate铌酸锂Load line 负载线Loss coefficient 损耗系数Mazh-Zehnder modulator Mazh-Zehnder型调制器Macrobending loss 宏弯损耗Magneto-optic effects 磁光效应Magneto-optic isolator 磁光隔离Magneto-optic modulator 磁光调制Majority carriers 多数载流子Matrix emitter 矩阵发射Maximum acceptance angle 最优接收角Maxwell’s wave equation 麦克斯维方程Microbending loss 微弯损耗Microlaser 微型激光Minority carriers 少数载流子Modulated directional coupler 调制定向偶合器Modulation of light 光调制Monochromatic wave 单色光Multiplication region 倍增区Negative absolute temperature 负温度系数Net round-trip optical gain 环路净光增益Noise 噪声Noncentrosymmetric crystals 非中心对称晶体Nondegenerate semiconductors 非简并半异体Non-linear optic 非线性光学Non-thermal equilibrium 非热平衡Normalized frequency 归一化频率Normalized index difference 归一化指数差异Normalized propagation constant 归一化传播常数Normalized thickness 归一化厚度Numerical aperture 孔径Optic axis 光轴Optical activity 光活性Optical anisotropy 光各向异性Optical bandwidth 光带宽Optical cavity 光腔Optical divergence 光发散Optic fibers 光纤Optical fiber amplifier 光纤放大器Optical field 光场Optical gain 光增益Optical indicatrix 光随圆球Optical isolater 光隔离器Optical Laser amplifiers 激光放大器Optical modulators 光调制器Optical pumping 光泵浦Optical resonator 光谐振器Optical tunneling光学通道Optical isotropic光学各向同性的Outside vapor deposition管外气相淀积Penetration depth 渗透深度Phase change 相位改变Phase condition in lasers 激光相条件Phase matching 相位匹配Phase matching angle 相位匹配角Phase mismatch 相位失配Phase modulation 相位调制Phase modulator 相位调制器Phase of a wave 波相Phase velocity 相速Phonon 光子Photoconductive detector 光导探测器Photoconductive gain 光导增益Photoconductivity 光导性Photocurrent 光电流Photodetector 光探测器Photodiode 光电二极管Photoelastic effect 光弹效应Photogeneration 光子再生Photon amplification 光子放大Photon confinement 光子限制Photortansistor 光电三极管Photovoltaic devices 光伏器件Piezoelectric effect 压电效应Planck’s radiation distribution law 普朗克辐射法则Pockels cell modulator 普克尔斯调制器Pockel coefficients 普克尔斯系数Pockels phase modulator 普克尔斯相位调制器Polarization 极化Polarization transmission matrix 极化传输矩阵Population inversion 粒子数反转Poynting vector能流密度向量Preform 预制棒Propagation constant 传播常数Pumping 泵浦Pyroelectric detectors 热释电探测器Quantum efficiency 量子效应Quantum noise 量子噪声Quantum well 量子阱Quarter-wave plate retarder 四分之一波长延迟Radiant sensitivity 辐射敏感性Ramo’s theorem拉莫定理Rate equations速率方程Rayleigh criterion 瑞利条件Rayleigh scattering limit 瑞利散射极限Real image 实像Recombination 复合Recombination lifetime 复合寿命Reflectance 反射Reflection 反射Refracted light 折射光Refractive index 折射系数Resolving power分辩力Response time 响应时间Return-to-zero data rate 归零码Rise time 上升时间Saturation drift velocity 饱和漂移速度Scattering 散射Second harmonic generation 二阶谐波Self-phase modulation 自相位调制Sellmeier dispersion equation色列米尔波散方程式Shockley equation肖克利公式Shot noise肖特基噪声Signal to noise ratio 信噪比Single frequency lasers 单波长噪声Single quantum well 单量子阱Snell’s law斯涅尔定律Solar cell 光电池Solid state photomultiplier 固态光复用器Spectral intensity 谱强度Spectral responsivity 光谱响应Spontaneous emission 自发辐射stimulated emission 受激辐射Terrestrial light 陆地光Theraml equilibrium热平衡Thermal generation 热再生Thermal velocity 热速度Thershold concentration 光强阈值Threshold current 阈值电流Threshold wavelength 阈值波长Total acceptance angle 全接受角Totla internal reflection 全反射Transfer distance 转移距离Transit time 渡越时间Transmission coefficient 传输系数Tramsmittance 传输Transverse electric field 电横波场Tranverse magnetic field 磁横波场Traveling vave lase 行波激光器Uniaxial crystals 单轴晶体UnPolarized light 非极化光Wave 波Wave equation 波公式Wavefront 波前Waveguide 波导Wave number 波数Wave packet 波包络Wavevector 波矢量Dark current 暗电流Saturation signal 饱和信号量Fringing field drift 边缘电场漂移Complementary color 补色Image lag 残像Charge handling capability 操作电荷量Luminous quantity 测光量Pixel signal interpolating 插值处理Field integration 场读出方式Vertical CCD 垂直CCDVertical overflow drain 垂直溢出漏极Conduction band 导带Charge coupled device 电荷耦合组件Electronic shutter 电子快门Dynamic range 动态范围Temporal resolution 动态分辨率Majority carrier 多数载流子Amorphous silicon photoconversion layer 非晶硅存储型Floating diffusion amplifier 浮置扩散放大器Floating gate amplifier 浮置栅极放大器Radiant quantity 辐射剂量Blooming 高光溢出High frame rate readout mode 高速读出模式Interlace scan 隔行扫描Fixed pattern noise 固定图形噪声Photodiode 光电二极管Iconoscope 光电摄像管Photolelctric effect 光电效应Spectral response 光谱响应Interline transfer CCD 行间转移型CCDDepletion layer 耗尽层Complementary metal oxide semi-conductor 互补金属氧化物半导体Fundamental absorption edge 基本吸收带Valence band 价带Transistor 晶体管Visible light 可见光Spatial filter 空间滤波器Block access 块存取Pupil compensation 快门校正Diffusion current 扩散电流Discrete cosine transform 离散余弦变换Luminance signal 高度信号Quantum efficiency 量子效率Smear 漏光Edge enhancement 轮廓校正Nyquist frequency 奈奎斯特频率Energy band 能带Bias 偏压Drift current 漂移电流Clamp 钳位Global exposure 全面曝光Progressive scan 全像素读出方式Full frame CCD 全帧CCDDefect correction 缺陷补偿Thermal noise 热噪声Weak inversion 弱反转Shot noise 散粒噪声Chrominance difference signal 色差信号Color temperature 色温Minority carrier 少数载流子Image stabilizer 手振校正Horizontal CCD 水平CCDRandom noise 随机噪声Tunneling effect 隧道效应Image sensor 图像传感器Aliasing 伪信号Passive 无源Passive pixel sensor 无源像素传感器Line transfer 线转移Correlated double sampling 相关双采样Pinned photodiode 掩埋型光电二极管Overflow 溢出Effective pixel 有效像素Active pixel sensor 有源像素传感器Threshold voltage 阈值电压Source follower 源极跟随器Illuminance 照度Refraction index 折射率Frame integration 帧读出方式Frame interline transfer CCD 帧行间转移CCD Frame transfer 帧转移Frame transfer CCD 帧转移CCDNon interlace 逐行扫描Conversion efficiency 转换效率Automatic gain control 自动增益控制Self-induced drift 自激漂移Minimum illumination 最低照度CMOS image sensor COMS图像传感器MOS diode MOS二极管MOS image sensor MOS型图像传感器ISO sensitivity ISO感光度。

亚波长尺度下混合等离子泄漏模式激光

* Corresponding author，E-mail: spwang@.mo; shichensu@
Abstract: Due to the existence of diffraction limit as the basic characteristic of light, the lasing on subwavelength scale cannot be achieved by traditional methods. In order to break this diffraction limit, a stacked structure composed of metal, dielectric layer and semiconductor was designed in this paper to achieve lasing on the deep subwavelength scale and its influence on the propagation mode was discussed. In terms of structural design, we used silver, a metal with low dielectric constant, as the substrate, a 10 nm-thick LiF layer as the dielectric layer, and a ZnO semiconductor nanowire with hexagonal section as the high-dielectric-constant layer. We adopted the finite-difference eigen mode and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to perform optical simulation of the designed structure. First, by changing the nanowire diameter and using the finite eigen mode, the optical modes in the dielectric layer were analyzed to obtain four mode distributions. Then the effective refractive indexes and losses of the four optical modes at different nanowire diameters were used to calculate the corresponding waveguide propagation distances and lasing threshold gains. Finally, the three-dimensional FDTD method was introduced to simulate the electric field distribution of the four modes during the steady-state laser emissionin of the nanowire. The results showed that there were hybrid plasmonic mode and hybrid electric mode in the dielectric layer between the nanowire and the metal substrate. When the diameter of ZnO nanowire was smaller than 75 nm, there was no effective physical optical mode, that is, both the hybrid plasmonic mode and the hybrid electric mode were cut off. When the nanowire diameter was larger than 75 nm, the hybrid plasmonic mode could effectively exist. The hybrid electric mode

关于光的英文单词

关于光的英文单词English:"Light is a fundamental aspect of the universe, characterized by its dual nature as both a wave and a particle. In the realm of physics, it is described by electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics. Electromagnetic theory elucidates light as an electromagnetic wave, exhibiting properties such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, interprets light as discrete packets of energy called photons, each with specific wavelengths and frequencies. This wave-particle duality is central to understanding various phenomena, from the propagation of light through different mediums to the behavior of light in experiments like the double-slit experiment, which demonstrates its wave-like and particle-like behaviors simultaneously. Beyond its scientific significance, light holds immense cultural, artistic, and symbolic value. It serves as a symbol of knowledge, enlightenment, and understanding across cultures, often associated with concepts of truth, purity, and spirituality. In literature and art, light is frequently employed metaphorically to convey themes of hope, clarity, and revelation. Moreover, advancements in optics and photonics haverevolutionized fields such as telecommunications, medicine, and astronomy, enabling innovations like lasers, fiber optics, and telescopes, which have reshaped the modern world."中文翻译:"光是宇宙的基本特征，其特点是其既是波又是粒子的双重性质。

物理英语词汇大全掌握物理原理物理实验和物理学家的英文表达

物理英语词汇大全掌握物理原理物理实验和物理学家的英文表达IntroductionPhysics is a fascinating subject that deals with the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. As with any subject, mastering the vocabulary and terminology is crucial for a comprehensive understanding. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of physics terms related to principles, experiments, and prominent physicists, along with their English translations. Let's delve into the world of physics and enhance our knowledge of the subject!1. Terms related to Physics Principles1.1. Force and Motion- Acceleration (加速度)- Velocity (速度)- Displacement (位移)- Friction (摩擦力)- Gravity (重力)- Inertia (惯性)- Kinetic Energy (动能)- Momentum (动量)- Work (功)- Power (功率)1.2. Energy- Potential Energy (势能)- Thermal Energy (热能)- Conservation of Energy (能量守恒)- Electromagnetic Energy (电磁能)- Nuclear Energy (核能)- Conservation of Momentum (动量守恒) 1.3. Waves and Optics- Amplitude (振幅)- Frequency (频率)- Wavelength (波长)- Reflection (反射)- Refraction (折射)- Diffraction (衍射)- Interference (干涉)- Polarization (偏振)- Optics (光学)1.4. Electricity and Magnetism- Current (电流)- Voltage (电压)- Resistance (电阻)- Capacitance (电容)- Inductance (电感)- Magnetic Field (磁场)- Electromagnetic Induction (电磁感应) - Ohm's Law (欧姆定律)2. Terms related to Physics Experiments 2.1. Instruments- Thermometer (温度计)- Barometer (气压计)- Spectroscope (分光镜)- Microscope (显微镜)- Telescope (望远镜)- Oscilloscope (示波器)- Geiger Counter (盖革计数器)- Spectrometer (光谱仪)- Electroscope (静电仪)2.2. Laboratory Techniques- Calibration (校准)- Observation (观察)- Measurement (测量)- Analytical Balance (分析天平)- Experiment (实验)- Data Analysis (数据分析)- Error Analysis (误差分析)- Hypothesis (假设)- Conclusion (结论)3. Prominent Physicists3.1. Classical Physicists- Isaac Newton (艾萨克·牛顿)- Galileo Galilei (伽利略·伽利雷)- Albert Einstein (阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦)- Nikola Tesla (尼古拉·特斯拉)- James Clerk Maxwell (詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦)- Michael Faraday (迈克尔·法拉第)- Thomas Edison (托马斯·爱迪生)3.2. Modern Physicists- Niels Bohr (尼尔斯·玻尔)- Albert Michelson (阿尔伯特·迈克尔逊)- Marie Curie (玛丽·居里)- Werner Heisenberg (维尔纳·海森堡)- Erwin Schrödinger (埃尔温·薛定谔)- Richard Feynman (理查德·费曼)- Stephen Hawking (斯蒂芬·霍金)ConclusionPhysics, as a scientific discipline, has its own unique vocabulary that is essential for understanding the principles, conducting experiments, and appreciating the contributions of prominent physicists. By familiarizing ourselves with the English translations of physics terms related to principles, experiments, and physicists, we can deepen our understanding of the subject and communicate effectively with others in the field. Remember to keepexploring and expanding your knowledge of physics, as it is a gateway to understanding the fundamental principles governing our universe.。