Heart Disease(Introduction,oversea) (1)
心包疾病PPT课件
▪ even paradoxical pulse.
▪ Congestion of systemic
circulation
▪ distended jugular vein
▪ edema
Clinical Manifestations
---Cardiac tamponade
▪ Acute ：Beck’s trilogy
History of up
respiratory Accompanied
Histrory
tract infection， acute onset，
with primary TB
often
recurrent
Accompa nied with original infection lesion or septemia
Volume of pericardial
effusion
Characteris tic
—
Little
Laboratory findings
--- Chest x-ray film
▪ Cardiac shadow has an enlarged “waterbottle” appearance.
▪ Clear lung field.
▪ Cardiac shadow changes with postures.
心包疾病
General characteristics (Normal Pericardial Anatomy and
Physiology)
1.Pericardium is the membranous sac surrounding the heart.
2. The pericardium consists of two layers: visceral layer and parietal layer.
heartdesease心脏病的概要
Heredity
Risk factors (including high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity) may also be passed from one generation to another.
artery disease.
Smokingห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Most people know that cigarette and tabacco smoking increases your risk of lung cancer, but fewer realize that it also greatly increases your risk of heart disease and peripheral vascular disease .
drinking small
Lifestyle Changes
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
If you're overweight or obese, try to lose weight. A loss of just 5 to 10 percent of your current weight can lower your heart disease risk. To lose weight, cut back your calorie intake and do more physical activity.
heart disease
heart disease心臟病 心肌擴張症 (俗稱心發大)心臟是怎樣運作的？心臟有4個室房。
上面的兩個室房叫做心房。
下麵的兩個室房叫做心室。
心臟除了分上下室房外，亦分左右室房。
當血液流到右心房，首先會作短暫停留，然後才泵至右心室。
右心室會泵送血液到肺部，在這裏血液會接收氧氣。
再經由肺部流到左心房，再次作短暫停留，然後流到左心室。
左心室有最大的心肌，所以血液能泵到身體各部位。
什麼是心肌擴張症？心肌擴張症是指心臟肌肉不能正常地泵送血液。
在心臟內血液的壓力令到這軟弱的肌肉拉直，使左邊心室發大。
因此，心肌擴張症的兩個特徵是心臟肌肉不能收縮及正常地泵送血液，以及有一個比正常大的左心室。
心肌擴張症有幾普遍？對於一般狗隻來說，心肌擴張症並不是最普遍的心臟病。
但對於一些體型較大的狗隻來說，心肌擴張症卻是最普遍的心臟病。
相反，體形細小的狗類患病率卻不高。
最受影響的犬類包括拳師犬, 杜伯文及大丹犬.有時中形的犬種，特別是曲架、英國史賓沙獵犬、德國狼狗也會受到這疾病的影響。
這疾病有否一些我能察覺到的病徵？當心臟不能正常地泵送時，血液會倒流回肺部的血管內。
血管內增加了的壓力令小量血液流出微絲血管外及流入氣管。
血液積聚在肺部會引致咳嗽及/或乾咳。
這是最容易察覺的心臟病的病徵。
如狗隻患上這疾病，即使做小量運動亦會非常疲倦。
充血性心臟衰竭是當心臟不能泵送有足夠氧氣的血液到組織而起的。
當沒有足夠的氧氣時，身體內的細胞會變得極危險而引致一些反應。
各種器官會釋放出各種不同的荷爾蒙來希望改正這問題。
這些荷爾蒙的作用是保存體液，務求增加身體的血液量及促使心臟輸出更多帶有氧氣的血液。
以上的做法只能暫時性地控制問題。
保留過量體液會對身體有害。
當太多體液從微絲血管漏出時，會導致狗隻增加咳嗽及體力減弱。
液體可能會積聚在腹部及身體組織內。
在肺內存有液體稱為肺水腫，在皮膚下存有液體稱為表面或肢體水腫，而在腹部內的液體稱為腹水。
充血性心臟衰竭通常會出現以上所有情況。
先天性心脏病-congenital-heart-disease(1)
先天性心脏病-congenital-heart-disease(1)先天性心脏病，通常又称为先天性心脏畸形，是指出生时心脏存在的结构性异常和功能性异常，其中大多数病例发生在孕期前8周的胚胎发育阶段。
这种疾病常常是由基因因素和环境因素的相互影响引起的。
全球每1000个新生儿中就有8个左右的患者患有先天性心脏病，属于儿科心脏疾病的一种。
先天性心脏病的病因多种多样，有的可能源自于遗传原因，而有些则可能是因为孕妇在怀孕期间感染了某些病毒或疾病。
早期的营养不良也可能导致先天性心脏病的发生。
病情的严重程度因病人的具体情况而定，胎儿如果经常体现出心跳缓慢或心脏没有正常发育的迹象，应及时到专业医疗机构进行诊断，以尽早发现并治疗有问题的胎儿。
在新生儿时期发现的先天性心脏病，仅需保守治疗或小手术一般能得到解决，但是若延迟治疗，就可能出现更危险的状况。
根据先天性心脏病患者病变的不同部位和病情的严重程度，治疗方式也有很大的差异。
对于不严重的先天性心脏病，通常不需要做太多的治疗，仅仅需要定期的随访和检查即可；而对于较严重的先天性心脏病患者，可能需要进行心脏瓣膜替换、心脏移植等大型手术，才能够取得更好的治疗效果。
除了传统的手术治疗外，近年来还出现了一些新的治疗方法，例如心脏导管手术、心脏射频消融术以及心脏介入治疗等方法。
随着技术的不断发展，这些治疗方式将会变得越来越成熟，对于治疗先天性心脏病将会发挥越来越大的作用。
总之，先天性心脏病是一种常见的儿科心脏疾病，治疗并不容易，可是随着越来越多科技的发展，人们对于这种疾病的认知和治疗方法将逐渐提高，未来患者的治疗前景也会越来越乐观。
大学英语作文如何预防心脏病
大学英语作文如何预防心脏病Heart disease is a major health concern for people of all ages, including college students. While it may seem like a distant issue for young adults, the habits and lifestyle choices made during the college years can have a significant impact on heart health later in life. As such, it is crucial for college students to be proactive in taking steps to prevent heart disease. In this essay, we will explore several effective strategies that college students can implement to safeguard their cardiovascular well-being.Firstly, maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet is essential for heart health. Many college students often rely on quick and convenient, but unhealthy, food options due to their busy schedules. However, a diet high in saturated fats, trans fats, and processed foods can contribute to the development of heart disease. College students should strive to incorporate more whole, plant-based foods into their meals, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. These nutrient-dense foods are rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can help reduce the risk of heart disease.In addition to a healthy diet, regular physical activity is another crucial component of heart disease prevention. It is well-established that regular exercise can improve cardiovascular fitness, lower blood pressure, and reduce the risk of developing conditions like high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes, all of which are major risk factors for heart disease. College students should aim to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, as recommended by the American Heart Association. This can be achieved through a variety of activities, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, or participating in sports and fitness classes offered on campus.Stress management is another important aspect of heart disease prevention for college students. The college experience can be a highly stressful time, with academic demands, social pressures, and financial concerns all contributing to elevated stress levels. Chronic stress can have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system, leading to increased inflammation, high blood pressure, and an elevated risk of heart disease. College students should explore healthy stress-management techniques, such as practicing mindfulness or meditation, engaging in regular physical activity, and seeking support from campus resources like counseling services.Maintaining a healthy weight is also crucial for heart diseaseprevention. Excess weight, particularly in the form of abdominal fat, is a significant risk factor for heart disease, as it can contribute to the development of conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. College students should be mindful of their weight and make efforts to maintain a healthy body mass index (BMI) through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Campus resources, such as fitness centers and nutritional counseling, can be valuable in supporting students in their weight management efforts.Finally, it is essential for college students to be aware of their family history and personal risk factors for heart disease. Certain genetic and lifestyle factors can increase an individual's susceptibility to heart disease, and it is important for college students to discuss these with their healthcare providers. Regular check-ups and screenings, such as blood pressure and cholesterol tests, can help identify any potential issues early on and allow for proactive interventions to mitigate the risk of heart disease.In conclusion, college students have a unique opportunity to establish healthy habits and lifestyle choices that can have a lasting impact on their heart health. By incorporating a balanced diet, regular physical activity, effective stress management, weight management, and regular check-ups, college students can take proactive steps to prevent the development of heart disease. Byprioritizing their cardiovascular well-being during the college years, students can set the foundation for a lifetime of good heart health.。
Coronary heart disease English version
01 Basic concepts and
epidemiology of coronary heart disease
Definition and classification
02 Clinical presentations
and diagnostic methods of coronary heart disease
Typical symbols and signs
Chest pain
Typically described as a pressure, tightness, or requesting sensitivity in the chest It may radiate to the neck, jack, back, or arms
• Treatment strategies and drug selection for coronary heart disease
目录
• Prevention and management measures for applications of coronary heart disease
Chinese empirical status
In China, the presence of CHD has been increasing rapidly in recent decades It is estimated that there are over 11 million people living with CHD in China, and the number of deaths from CHD has been on the rise Factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and changing lifestyles have contributed to this trend
先天性心脏病-congenital-heart-disease(一)
先天性心脏病-congenital-heart-
disease(一)
先天性心脏病是指在胎儿期或新生儿期出现的心脏结构及功能异常，
其发病率为1%至10%。
下面将对其病因、症状及治疗进行分析。
一、病因
1. 基因突变：染色体异常、单基因突变或多基因遗传可以引起先天性
心脏病。
2.外界因素：母体的病毒感染、药物接触或不健康的生活方式可以影
响胎儿心脏发育，导致先天性心脏病。
二、症状
先天性心脏病的症状多种多样，其中最常见的表现为呼吸急促、面色
苍白、发绀等。
若病情较重，则可能形成心力衰竭，表现为黄疸、水
肿及异常姿态等。
三、治疗
1.手术治疗：对于一些外科可治的先天性心脏病，如心脏分流缺陷等，手术治疗是最好的选择。
2.医疗药物：对于轻度的先天性心脏病，合理的药物治疗可以有效缓
解症状。
3.导管治疗：导管技术已经成为先天性心脏病治疗领域的重要手段，如在PDA、ASD、VSD等病例中被广泛使用。
4.特殊治疗：对于一些疑难的先天性心脏病，如心肌肥厚症等，可能需要其他特殊治疗手段来控制病情。
综上所述，先天性心脏病是一种非常常见的心脏病，其病因各异，治疗需根据病情而定。
预防先天性心脏病，需加强孕期保健，清除母体危险因素，提高孕妇自身免疫力。
同时，定期体检也可帮助早期发现和治疗先天性心脏病。
心血管系统疾病先天性心脏病英文
Epidemiology of CHD
Etiology
A child born to a parent with CHD has a substantially大体上increased likelihood of having a similar congenital lesion. The risk may be as high as 15 percent. For certain lesions, there appears to be a greater risk of transmission from the mother than from the father.
Noninvasive Diagnostic Studies
Cardiac catheterization and selective angiocardiography
are the most definitive diagnostic techniques currently available for use in congenital heart disease.
The size of the shunt through a septal defect can also be estimated from Doppler ultrasound studies by comparing the velocity of the blood flow through the aorta with velocity through the pulmonary artery.
Epidemiology of CHD
Etiology
The cause of most CHD is unknown. Genetic factors play some role in CHD. About eight percent of cases result mainly
heartdisease patient introduction
VIDEO TRANSCRIPT
• From a general practitioner's perspective, identifying patients at risk of heart disease is key to management, as it provides the opportunity to modify any identifiable risk factors. • Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. • Screening patients for risk factors is essential. And assessment tools are available to determine a patient's risk of heart disease.
Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Department of Pharmaceutical
VIDEO TRANSCRIPT
• Heart
disease: patient introduction
• Welcome to this module on heart disease and treatment of high cholesterol with a medicine called atorvastatin. It's from a group of medicines called statins. • This week we'll meet Steve Park, an overweight 49-year-old with reflux and high blood pressure. • In the following short video, Steve talks about his overalT
心包疾病-双语版
resolved Surgery
Chronic restrictive pericarditis
dyspnea
Cardiac tamponade
Dyspnea, JV distension, BP￬
Heart Failure
Etiology
Acute pericarditis C-Constr-Peric
++++
－ +++ +++ ++
Clinical Manifestation --- Signs
Friction rub
Acute pericarditis C-Constr-Peric
++++
－
transient
Enlargement on －----+ + +
－
percussion
Edema, ascites －--- + +
Bacterial
Toxic ill
Neoplastic
Cytologic exam, nearby tumor
Others systematic diseases Dressler’s Syndrome Radiation Uremic
Interesting Case
• A 64-year-old man with progressively worsening edema of the legs
• Histologic analysis: no cause was identified • Edema decreased markedly after pericardial
先天性心脏病-
（三）介入治疗：
动脉导管未闭
一、临床分型：
1、管型： 2、漏斗型： 3、窗型： 4、哑铃型：
（Patent Ductus Ateriosus）
5、动脉瘤型：
二、诊 断：
（一）症状：小PDA，无症状；分流大，反复呼吸道感 染，生长发育差，PH时，气促、发绀，差异性青紫； （二）体征：心界左下扩大，L2ST，L2SM，连续性， P2增强甚至亢进，心尖部1-2/6DM杂音，周围血管征（+）。 （三） X-ray：正常，或LV、LA增大，PH时，电轴右 偏，右室肥厚。
典型VSD不需要做心导管；如合并PH、AI等或不典型 VSD可选择心导管检查。
三、治疗
（一）内科治疗：预防和治疗并发症（如：呼吸道感染、心衰 等）；
（二）外科手术治疗：
1、肌部或膜部小VSD，有自行闭合的趋势，可暂不手术， 随访至6-7岁； 2、中-大VSD，无PH，3岁左右手术； 3、大VSD，合并PH、AI、反复感染，尽早手术。 （三）介入治疗：
（四）左室-右房通道
二、诊断：
（一）症状 小缺损，无明显症状；大缺损，婴儿期出现气促、多汗、 反复肺部感染，生长发育差等。
（二）体征
1、小缺损：仅L3,4 SM杂音； 2、中-大缺损：心前区隆起，心界增大， L3,4 ST， SM4/6，P2亢进，心尖区1-2/6舒张期杂音（相对性MI）； 3、缺损大伴PH，可出现青紫，心杂音减轻，P2显著亢 进—艾森曼格综合症。
（四） EKG：电轴右偏，RV肥厚，RA肥大，严重可心肌 劳累。 （五）X-ray：大小多正常或轻大，心影梨形。 （六）UCG： 1、RV肥厚，PS，VSD，Ao骑跨； 2、RV-PA间压差， Ao骑跨度，Ao/PA。 （七）心导管检查及造影：
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The Skinny on Fat
What are trans fatty acids? They are unsaturated fats but they tend to raise total and bad cholesterol.
Where do you find them? In fast-food restaurants commercial baked goods.
Examples: doughnuts, potato chips, cupcakes.
What about fish oil?
Type of polyunsaturated fat.
Consistently lowers serum triglycerides and may also have an effect on lowering blood pressure. Found in oily fish such as salmon, tuna, and herring.
Examples are lard and butter.
Why are they bad for you? They increase levels of LDL , decrease HDL and increase total cholesterol.
The Skinny on Fat
What are polyunsaturated fats? They are unsaturated fats which are liquid at room temperature and in the refrigerator. Why are they good for us? They help the body get rid of newly formed cholesterol.
Types of Cholesterol
Lipoproteins- 4 main classes
Chylomicrons (triglycerides) Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Good vs. BAD
LDL is known as bad cholesterol. It has a tendency to increase risk of CHD. LDL’s are a major component of the atherosclerotic plaque that clogs arteries. Levels should be <130mmol/L
Alcohol Consumption
In small amounts it acts as a vasodilator-Good!
In large amounts it acts as a vasoconstrictor-BAD!
This is a very fine line!
Coronary Artery Disease
Physical Inactivity
Increasing physical activity has been shown to decrease blood pressure.
Moderate to intense physical activity for 30-45 minutes on most days of the week is recommended.
Changeable Risk Factors
Hypertension Serum cholesterol-dyslipoproteinemia Obesity Diabetes Mellitus Physical Inactivity Cigarette Smoking Alcohol Intake
Cigarette Smoking
Causes an increase in blood pressure
Usually have lower levels of HDL
Within 1 year of quitting, CHD risk decreases, within 2 years it reaches the level of a nonsmoker.
Cardiovascular Disease --- The Silent Killer
What is Cardiovascular Disease?
A general term that covers a number of diseases which affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, valvular heart disease, infective endocarditis and cardiomyopathies etc. Cardiovascular Disease is the number one killer in the United States and the number tow killer in the world.
What Causes Cardiovascular Disease?
Atherosclerosis-fatty deposits of cholesterol
Hypertension
Diabetes Smoking
Unchangeable Risk Factors
Age- the older you get, the greater the chance. Sex- males have a greater rate even after women pass menopause. Race- minorities have a greater chance. Family history- if family members have had CHD, there is a greater chance. Personal Medical History- other diseases such as diabetes mellitus can increase chances.
The Facts About Fat
Certain fats are essential for good nutrition and health.
Fats provide essential fatty acids which the body can’t manufacture.
Act as insulators to maintain body temperature.
Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack
Symptoms: uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing pain, pain spreading to the shoulders, neck and arms. Chest discomfort and light headedness Anxiety/nervousness Paleness or pallor Increased irregular heart rate
Improve the palatability of food and promote digestion.
The Facts About Fat
Provide the greatest energy output per gram of any food source. ( 9 calories)
Myocardial Infarction
Feeling of impending doom
If you or someone you know is having these symptoms call120(China) (USA 911)!
Carry fat soluble vitamins- A, D, E, and K.
The Skinny on Fat
Saturated fats- basically means the fat is saturated with hydrogen, they are solid at room temperature.
Occurs when the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle become blocked.
Partially blocked it causes angina or myocardial infarction . Fully blocked it causes a myocardial infarction or a heart attack!
Is available as a supplement.
Obesity
People who are obese have 2 to 6 times the risk of developing hypertension. Location of the body fat is significant.
The Skinny on Fat